Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)is a common occurrence across all domains of life.However,most HGT events were reported between single-celled organisms or parasites and hosts(Van Etten and Bhattacharya 2020).A type II an...Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)is a common occurrence across all domains of life.However,most HGT events were reported between single-celled organisms or parasites and hosts(Van Etten and Bhattacharya 2020).A type II antifreeze protein(AFP)gene was the first and sole evidence of HGT direct vertebrate-to-vertebrate DNA transmission.AFP is only found in 3 widely separated branches of teleost fishes(herring,sea raven,and smelts),sharing amino acid similarity up to 80%(Graham et al.2008).展开更多
In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub&...In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.展开更多
The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5...The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5'-Nuclcotidase activity of body organs gave an idea of the toxicity caused by the fertilizer. Thus the enzyme 5'-Nucleotidase can be used to monitor the pollution in aquatic ecosystem.展开更多
AIM To study the cell types,localization,distribution density and morphology of APUDcells in the intestinal mucosa of stomachlessteleost fishes.METHOD By using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex(PAP)immunocytochemi...AIM To study the cell types,localization,distribution density and morphology of APUDcells in the intestinal mucosa of stomachlessteleost fishes.METHOD By using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex(PAP)immunocytochemical staining technique theidentification,localization and morphology ofimmunoreactive(IR)endocrine cells seattered inthe intestinal mucosa of grass carp(Cyenopharyngodon idellus),black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)and common carp(Cyprinus carpio)were investigated with 20kinds of antisera prepared against mammalianpeptide hormones of APUD cells,and likewise byusing avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC)method those of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),bighead(Aristichthys nobilis),silver crucian carp(Carassius gibelio)and bluntnose black bream(Megalobrama amblyocephala)were alsostudied with 5 different antisera.Thereplacement of the first antiserum by phosphatebuffered saline(PBS)was employed as a control.IR endocrine cells were counted with asquare-mesh ocular micrometer from 10 fieldsselected randomly in every section of each partof the intestine specimen.The average numberof IR endocrine cells per mm2 was counted toquantify their distribution density.RESULT Gastrin(GAS)-,Gastric inhibitorypeptide(GIP)-,glucagon(GLU)-,glucagon-likeimmunoreactants(GLI)-,bovine pancreaticpolypeptide(BPP)-,leucine-enkephalin(ENK)-and substance P(SP)-IR endocrine cells werefound in the gut of grass carp,black carp andcommon carp,and somatostatin(SOM)-IRendocrine cells were only seen in common carp.GAS-,GIP-and GLU-IR endocrine cells werefound in the intestinal mucosa of silver carp,bighead,silver crucian carp and bluntnose blackbream.Most of IR endocrine cells had the higherdistribution density in the foregut and midgut,and were longer in shape.They had a long apicalcytoplasmic process extended to the gut lumenand a basal process extended to adjacent cellsor basement membrane and touched with it.Sometimes,the basal cytoplasmic processformed an enlarged synapse-like structure in thecontiguous part with basement membrane.Thisphenomenon provided new morphologicalevidence for neuroendocrine and paracrinesecretory function of these enteroendocrinecells.CONCLUTION At least 8 kinds of IR endocrinecells were found in the gut of stomachlessteleost species for the first time in China.TheseIR endocrine cells scattering in the gut mucosabelong to the APUD system.Among them,thehormones secreted by SP-,ENK-,SOM-and GLU-IR endocrine cells belong to the peptides of dualdistribution in the brain and gut.This providednew evidence for the concept of brain-gutpeptide.According to the cell types,distribution density,morphologicalcharacteristics and variety in shape of APUDcells in the gut of stomachless teleost fishes,itis deemed that the digestive tract of fishes isalso an endocrine organ of great importance andcomplexity.展开更多
Aquatic environments expose fishes to a wide range of pathogens,emphasizing the crucial role of their immune system.Chemokines are key mediators that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune cell activ...Aquatic environments expose fishes to a wide range of pathogens,emphasizing the crucial role of their immune system.Chemokines are key mediators that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune cell activity.As essential components of immune defense,immune cells play a central role in recognizing and eliminating pathogens.In mammals,chemokines exhibit direct antimicrobial activity and can enhance vaccine efficacy as molecular adjuvants.However,these functions remain insufficiently explored and summarized in teleost fishes,limiting their practical use in aquaculture.Given the evolutionary conservation of immune systems and chemokine families between teleost fishes and mammals,it is likely that chemokines have conserved functions across these vertebrates.This review systematically examines the roles of chemokines in regulating the functions of immune cells(macrophages,neutrophils,T cells,and B cells)in teleost fishes,and explores their potential application as direct antimicrobial agents and vaccine adjuvants in aquaculture,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of aquatic diseases.展开更多
Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate ...Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes,while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown.Here,we discover a long noncoding RNA,termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA(AANCR),as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish.The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus(SCRV)production.miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses,which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses.Further,AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA,thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses.Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish,but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.展开更多
The defense system of teleost fish organized on innate and adaptive immunity protects them against a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment.Phagocytosis is one of the most effective defen...The defense system of teleost fish organized on innate and adaptive immunity protects them against a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment.Phagocytosis is one of the most effective defense strategies against microbial challenge mainly performed by classical‘professional’phagocytes(including monocytes,macrophages and granulocytes).They contain,kill and process the internalized pathogens for antigen presentation by providing antigenic ligands to initiate activation and clonal expansion of T and B cells,which bridge the innate and adaptive immunity.The discovery of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish has broken the paradigm that primary vertebrate B cells are lack of phagocytosis of particulates,as well as led to the investigation of phagocytic activity of mammalian B-1 B cells.The active phagocytic,microbicidal capabilities and antigen presentation in teleost phagocytic B cell have demonstrated to be similar as professional phagocytes,providing a potential impact on development of new vaccination strategies to prevent and control infectious diseases.In this review,we aim to address current progress on the antimicrobial role of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish by comparing it with other professional phagocytes and mammalian B-1 B cells,and provide the application prospect of phagocytic B cells in developing vaccines as well as the prevention of fish diseases.展开更多
Regenerative capacity of the central nervous system(CNS)is unevenly distributed among vertebrates.While most mammalian species including humans elicit limited repair following CNS injury or disease,highly regenerative...Regenerative capacity of the central nervous system(CNS)is unevenly distributed among vertebrates.While most mammalian species including humans elicit limited repair following CNS injury or disease,highly regenerative vertebrates including urodele amphibians and teleost fish spontaneously reverse CNS damage.Teletost zebrafish(danio rerio)are tropical freshwater fish that proved to be an excellent vertebrate model of successful CNS regeneration.Differential neuronal,glial,and immune injury responses underlie disparate injury outcomes between highly regenerative zebrafish and poorly regenerative mammals.This article describes complications associated with neuronal repair following spinal cord injury(SCI)in poorly regenerative mammals and highlights intersecting modes of plasticity and regeneration in highly regenerative zebrafish(Figures 1 and 2).Comparative approaches evaluating immunoglial SCI responses were recently reviewed elsewhere(Reyes and Mokalled,2024).展开更多
Several mammalian animal models of traumatic brain injury have been used, mostly rodents. However, reparative mechanisms in mammalian brain are very limited, and newly formed neurons do not survive for long time. The ...Several mammalian animal models of traumatic brain injury have been used, mostly rodents. However, reparative mechanisms in mammalian brain are very limited, and newly formed neurons do not survive for long time. The brain of adult zebrafish, a teleost fish widely used as vertebrate model, possesses high regenerative properties after injury due to the presence of numerous stem cells niches. The ventricular lining of the zebrafish dorsal telencephalon is the most studied neuronal stem cell niche because its dorso-lateral zone is considered the equivalent to the hippocampus of mammals which contains one of the two constitutive neurogenic niches of mammals. To mimic TBI, stab wound in the dorso-lateral telencephalon of zebrafish was used in studies devoted to fish regenerative properties. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is known to play key roles in the repair process after traumatic brain lesions, persists around the lesioned area of injured telencephalon of adult zebrafish. These results are extensively compared to reparative processes in rodent brain. Considering the complete repair of the damaged area in fish, it could be tempting to consider brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a factor contributing to create a permissive environment that enables the establishment of new neuronal population in damaged brain.展开更多
Insulin is a key hormone for the regulation of metabolism in vertebrates.Insulin is produced by pancreatic islet cells in response to elevated glucose levels and leads to the uptake of glucose by tissues such as liver...Insulin is a key hormone for the regulation of metabolism in vertebrates.Insulin is produced by pancreatic islet cells in response to elevated glucose levels and leads to the uptake of glucose by tissues such as liver and adipose tissue to store energy.Insulin also has additional functions in regulating development.Previous work has shown that the proglucagon gene,which encodes hormones counter regulating insulin,is duplicated in teleost fish,and that the peptide hormones encoded by these genes have diversified in function.I sought to determine whether similar processes have occurred to insulin genes in these species.Searches of fish genomes revealed an unexpected diversity of insulin genes.A triplication of the insulin gene occurred at the origin of teleost fish,however one of these three genes,insc,has been lost in most teleost fish lineages.The two other insulin genes,insa and insb,have been retained but show differing levels of selective constraint suggesting that they might have diversified in function.Intriguingly,a duplicate copy of the insa gene,which I named insab,is found in many fish.The coding sequenee encoded by insab genes is under weak selective constraint,with its predicted protein sequences losing their potential to be processed into a two-peptide hormone.However,these sequences have retained perfectly conserved cystine residues,suggesting that they maintain insulin's three-dimensional structure and therefore might modulate the processing and secretion of insulin produced by the other genes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604904)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR21D060003)to Z.H.
文摘Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)is a common occurrence across all domains of life.However,most HGT events were reported between single-celled organisms or parasites and hosts(Van Etten and Bhattacharya 2020).A type II antifreeze protein(AFP)gene was the first and sole evidence of HGT direct vertebrate-to-vertebrate DNA transmission.AFP is only found in 3 widely separated branches of teleost fishes(herring,sea raven,and smelts),sharing amino acid similarity up to 80%(Graham et al.2008).
文摘In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.
文摘The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5'-Nuclcotidase activity of body organs gave an idea of the toxicity caused by the fertilizer. Thus the enzyme 5'-Nucleotidase can be used to monitor the pollution in aquatic ecosystem.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.No.39070666.
文摘AIM To study the cell types,localization,distribution density and morphology of APUDcells in the intestinal mucosa of stomachlessteleost fishes.METHOD By using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex(PAP)immunocytochemical staining technique theidentification,localization and morphology ofimmunoreactive(IR)endocrine cells seattered inthe intestinal mucosa of grass carp(Cyenopharyngodon idellus),black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)and common carp(Cyprinus carpio)were investigated with 20kinds of antisera prepared against mammalianpeptide hormones of APUD cells,and likewise byusing avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC)method those of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),bighead(Aristichthys nobilis),silver crucian carp(Carassius gibelio)and bluntnose black bream(Megalobrama amblyocephala)were alsostudied with 5 different antisera.Thereplacement of the first antiserum by phosphatebuffered saline(PBS)was employed as a control.IR endocrine cells were counted with asquare-mesh ocular micrometer from 10 fieldsselected randomly in every section of each partof the intestine specimen.The average numberof IR endocrine cells per mm2 was counted toquantify their distribution density.RESULT Gastrin(GAS)-,Gastric inhibitorypeptide(GIP)-,glucagon(GLU)-,glucagon-likeimmunoreactants(GLI)-,bovine pancreaticpolypeptide(BPP)-,leucine-enkephalin(ENK)-and substance P(SP)-IR endocrine cells werefound in the gut of grass carp,black carp andcommon carp,and somatostatin(SOM)-IRendocrine cells were only seen in common carp.GAS-,GIP-and GLU-IR endocrine cells werefound in the intestinal mucosa of silver carp,bighead,silver crucian carp and bluntnose blackbream.Most of IR endocrine cells had the higherdistribution density in the foregut and midgut,and were longer in shape.They had a long apicalcytoplasmic process extended to the gut lumenand a basal process extended to adjacent cellsor basement membrane and touched with it.Sometimes,the basal cytoplasmic processformed an enlarged synapse-like structure in thecontiguous part with basement membrane.Thisphenomenon provided new morphologicalevidence for neuroendocrine and paracrinesecretory function of these enteroendocrinecells.CONCLUTION At least 8 kinds of IR endocrinecells were found in the gut of stomachlessteleost species for the first time in China.TheseIR endocrine cells scattering in the gut mucosabelong to the APUD system.Among them,thehormones secreted by SP-,ENK-,SOM-and GLU-IR endocrine cells belong to the peptides of dualdistribution in the brain and gut.This providednew evidence for the concept of brain-gutpeptide.According to the cell types,distribution density,morphologicalcharacteristics and variety in shape of APUDcells in the gut of stomachless teleost fishes,itis deemed that the digestive tract of fishes isalso an endocrine organ of great importance andcomplexity.
基金supported by the key project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23C190001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32173004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQN25C190010)the Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo(2024Z279).
文摘Aquatic environments expose fishes to a wide range of pathogens,emphasizing the crucial role of their immune system.Chemokines are key mediators that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune cell activity.As essential components of immune defense,immune cells play a central role in recognizing and eliminating pathogens.In mammals,chemokines exhibit direct antimicrobial activity and can enhance vaccine efficacy as molecular adjuvants.However,these functions remain insufficiently explored and summarized in teleost fishes,limiting their practical use in aquaculture.Given the evolutionary conservation of immune systems and chemokine families between teleost fishes and mammals,it is likely that chemokines have conserved functions across these vertebrates.This review systematically examines the roles of chemokines in regulating the functions of immune cells(macrophages,neutrophils,T cells,and B cells)in teleost fishes,and explores their potential application as direct antimicrobial agents and vaccine adjuvants in aquaculture,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of aquatic diseases.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(31822057)the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFD0900503)。
文摘Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes,while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown.Here,we discover a long noncoding RNA,termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA(AANCR),as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish.The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus(SCRV)production.miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses,which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses.Further,AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA,thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses.Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish,but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102827,31972818,31528019)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662959)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110987)Special fund for promoting economic development(for modern fishery development)of Guangdong Province(grant number 2019A4).
文摘The defense system of teleost fish organized on innate and adaptive immunity protects them against a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment.Phagocytosis is one of the most effective defense strategies against microbial challenge mainly performed by classical‘professional’phagocytes(including monocytes,macrophages and granulocytes).They contain,kill and process the internalized pathogens for antigen presentation by providing antigenic ligands to initiate activation and clonal expansion of T and B cells,which bridge the innate and adaptive immunity.The discovery of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish has broken the paradigm that primary vertebrate B cells are lack of phagocytosis of particulates,as well as led to the investigation of phagocytic activity of mammalian B-1 B cells.The active phagocytic,microbicidal capabilities and antigen presentation in teleost phagocytic B cell have demonstrated to be similar as professional phagocytes,providing a potential impact on development of new vaccination strategies to prevent and control infectious diseases.In this review,we aim to address current progress on the antimicrobial role of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish by comparing it with other professional phagocytes and mammalian B-1 B cells,and provide the application prospect of phagocytic B cells in developing vaccines as well as the prevention of fish diseases.
文摘Regenerative capacity of the central nervous system(CNS)is unevenly distributed among vertebrates.While most mammalian species including humans elicit limited repair following CNS injury or disease,highly regenerative vertebrates including urodele amphibians and teleost fish spontaneously reverse CNS damage.Teletost zebrafish(danio rerio)are tropical freshwater fish that proved to be an excellent vertebrate model of successful CNS regeneration.Differential neuronal,glial,and immune injury responses underlie disparate injury outcomes between highly regenerative zebrafish and poorly regenerative mammals.This article describes complications associated with neuronal repair following spinal cord injury(SCI)in poorly regenerative mammals and highlights intersecting modes of plasticity and regeneration in highly regenerative zebrafish(Figures 1 and 2).Comparative approaches evaluating immunoglial SCI responses were recently reviewed elsewhere(Reyes and Mokalled,2024).
文摘Several mammalian animal models of traumatic brain injury have been used, mostly rodents. However, reparative mechanisms in mammalian brain are very limited, and newly formed neurons do not survive for long time. The brain of adult zebrafish, a teleost fish widely used as vertebrate model, possesses high regenerative properties after injury due to the presence of numerous stem cells niches. The ventricular lining of the zebrafish dorsal telencephalon is the most studied neuronal stem cell niche because its dorso-lateral zone is considered the equivalent to the hippocampus of mammals which contains one of the two constitutive neurogenic niches of mammals. To mimic TBI, stab wound in the dorso-lateral telencephalon of zebrafish was used in studies devoted to fish regenerative properties. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is known to play key roles in the repair process after traumatic brain lesions, persists around the lesioned area of injured telencephalon of adult zebrafish. These results are extensively compared to reparative processes in rodent brain. Considering the complete repair of the damaged area in fish, it could be tempting to consider brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a factor contributing to create a permissive environment that enables the establishment of new neuronal population in damaged brain.
文摘Insulin is a key hormone for the regulation of metabolism in vertebrates.Insulin is produced by pancreatic islet cells in response to elevated glucose levels and leads to the uptake of glucose by tissues such as liver and adipose tissue to store energy.Insulin also has additional functions in regulating development.Previous work has shown that the proglucagon gene,which encodes hormones counter regulating insulin,is duplicated in teleost fish,and that the peptide hormones encoded by these genes have diversified in function.I sought to determine whether similar processes have occurred to insulin genes in these species.Searches of fish genomes revealed an unexpected diversity of insulin genes.A triplication of the insulin gene occurred at the origin of teleost fish,however one of these three genes,insc,has been lost in most teleost fish lineages.The two other insulin genes,insa and insb,have been retained but show differing levels of selective constraint suggesting that they might have diversified in function.Intriguingly,a duplicate copy of the insa gene,which I named insab,is found in many fish.The coding sequenee encoded by insab genes is under weak selective constraint,with its predicted protein sequences losing their potential to be processed into a two-peptide hormone.However,these sequences have retained perfectly conserved cystine residues,suggesting that they maintain insulin's three-dimensional structure and therefore might modulate the processing and secretion of insulin produced by the other genes.
