NLRP3 inflammasome activation is pivotal for cytokine secretion and pyroptosis in response to diverse stimuli,playing a crucial role in innate immunity.While extensively studied in mammals,the regulatory mechanisms go...NLRP3 inflammasome activation is pivotal for cytokine secretion and pyroptosis in response to diverse stimuli,playing a crucial role in innate immunity.While extensively studied in mammals,the regulatory mechanisms governing NLRP3 activation in non-mammalian vertebrates remain largely unexplored.Teleosts,as basal vertebrates,represent an ideal model for exploring the evolutionary trajectory of inflammasome regulation.In this study,ABE assays,confocal microscopy,and biochemical analyses were applied to systematically characterize the mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome in teleosts,using large yellow croakers(Larimichthys crocea,Lc)and zebrafish(Danio rerio,Dr)as representative models.Our findings revealed a previously unrecognized palmitoylation-dependent regulatory mechanism essential for teleost NLRP3 activation.Specifically,zDHHC18-mediated palmitoylation at a teleost-specific cysteine residue(C946 in LcNLRP3,C1037 in DrNLRP3)was required for the translocation of NLRP3 to the dispersed trans-Golgi network,facilitating its subsequent recruitment to the microtubule-organizing center.This membrane trafficking was crucial for inflammasome assembly and downstream inflammatory responses.These findings provide new insights into the distinct regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 activation in teleosts,highlighting an evolutionary divergence that contributes to innate immunity adaptation in early vertebrates.展开更多
Sex-biased microRNAs(miRNAs)influence gonadal development in fish by directly targeting genes associated with estrogen production pathways.WW domain-binding protein 2(WBP2)functions as a crucial transcriptional co-act...Sex-biased microRNAs(miRNAs)influence gonadal development in fish by directly targeting genes associated with estrogen production pathways.WW domain-binding protein 2(WBP2)functions as a crucial transcriptional co-activator of the estrogen and progesterone receptors(PGR).This study investigates the direct modulation of a sex-biased miR-133b on wbp2 and its regulatory role in gonadal development in fish,the greater amberjack(Seriola dumerili).Using dual-luciferase reporter assays,we demonstrate that wbp2 is a direct target of miR-133b,with miR-133b-3p binding to the 3'untranslated region(3'UTR)of wbp2.In vitro,miR-133b mimic significantly downregulate wbp2 expression,while the miR-133b inhibitor increase wbp2 levels.Consistently,in vivo,wbp2 expression is upregulated following antagomir-133b treatment and downregulated following agomir-133b.RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(RNA-FISH)results reveal miR-133b and wbp2 co-localization in ovarian interstitial cells.Notably,phylogenetic analysis indicates that miR-133b-3p and wbp2 are highly conserved among bony fish species.Additionally,dual-luciferase assays in other bony fish species including Oreochromis niloticus and Danio rerio also confirm the targeting effect of miR-133b-3p on wbp2,suggesting that this regulatory mechanism is conserved across bony fish.This research provides a theoretical foundation for further exploration of non-coding RNA-mediated regulation in gonadal development in teleost.展开更多
AIM To study the cell types,localization,distribution density and morphology of APUDcells in the intestinal mucosa of stomachlessteleost fishes.METHOD By using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex(PAP)immunocytochemi...AIM To study the cell types,localization,distribution density and morphology of APUDcells in the intestinal mucosa of stomachlessteleost fishes.METHOD By using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex(PAP)immunocytochemical staining technique theidentification,localization and morphology ofimmunoreactive(IR)endocrine cells seattered inthe intestinal mucosa of grass carp(Cyenopharyngodon idellus),black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)and common carp(Cyprinus carpio)were investigated with 20kinds of antisera prepared against mammalianpeptide hormones of APUD cells,and likewise byusing avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC)method those of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),bighead(Aristichthys nobilis),silver crucian carp(Carassius gibelio)and bluntnose black bream(Megalobrama amblyocephala)were alsostudied with 5 different antisera.Thereplacement of the first antiserum by phosphatebuffered saline(PBS)was employed as a control.IR endocrine cells were counted with asquare-mesh ocular micrometer from 10 fieldsselected randomly in every section of each partof the intestine specimen.The average numberof IR endocrine cells per mm2 was counted toquantify their distribution density.RESULT Gastrin(GAS)-,Gastric inhibitorypeptide(GIP)-,glucagon(GLU)-,glucagon-likeimmunoreactants(GLI)-,bovine pancreaticpolypeptide(BPP)-,leucine-enkephalin(ENK)-and substance P(SP)-IR endocrine cells werefound in the gut of grass carp,black carp andcommon carp,and somatostatin(SOM)-IRendocrine cells were only seen in common carp.GAS-,GIP-and GLU-IR endocrine cells werefound in the intestinal mucosa of silver carp,bighead,silver crucian carp and bluntnose blackbream.Most of IR endocrine cells had the higherdistribution density in the foregut and midgut,and were longer in shape.They had a long apicalcytoplasmic process extended to the gut lumenand a basal process extended to adjacent cellsor basement membrane and touched with it.Sometimes,the basal cytoplasmic processformed an enlarged synapse-like structure in thecontiguous part with basement membrane.Thisphenomenon provided new morphologicalevidence for neuroendocrine and paracrinesecretory function of these enteroendocrinecells.CONCLUTION At least 8 kinds of IR endocrinecells were found in the gut of stomachlessteleost species for the first time in China.TheseIR endocrine cells scattering in the gut mucosabelong to the APUD system.Among them,thehormones secreted by SP-,ENK-,SOM-and GLU-IR endocrine cells belong to the peptides of dualdistribution in the brain and gut.This providednew evidence for the concept of brain-gutpeptide.According to the cell types,distribution density,morphologicalcharacteristics and variety in shape of APUDcells in the gut of stomachless teleost fishes,itis deemed that the digestive tract of fishes isalso an endocrine organ of great importance andcomplexity.展开更多
AIM To identify the type localization andmorphology of APUD endocrine cells in thegastroenteropancreatic(GEP)system ofstomach-containing teleosts,and study APUDendocrine system in the stomach,intestine andpancreas of ...AIM To identify the type localization andmorphology of APUD endocrine cells in thegastroenteropancreatic(GEP)system ofstomach-containing teleosts,and study APUDendocrine system in the stomach,intestine andpancreas of fish species.METHODS Two kinds of immunocytochemical(ICC)techniques of the streptavidin biotin-peroxidase complex(SABC)and streptavidin-peroxidase(S-P)method were used.Theidentification,localization and morphology ofAPUD endocrine cells scattered in the mucosa ofdigestive tract,intermuscular nerve plexus andglandular body of northern snakehead(Channaargus),ricefield eel(Monopterus albus),yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),mandarinfish(Siniperca chuatsi),largemouthbass(Micropterus salmoides),orientalsheatfish(Silurus asotus),freshwater pomfret(Colossoma brachypomum)and nile tilapia(Tilapia nilotica)were investigated with 8 kindsof antisera.RESULTS The positive reaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)immunoreactiveendocrine(IRE)cells was found in the digestive tract and glandular body of 8 fish species indifferent degree.Only a few gastrin(GAS)-IREcells were seen in C.argus,M.albus and P.fulvidraco.Glucagon(GLU)-IRE cells were notfound in the digestive tract and glandular bodybut existed in pancreatic island of most fishspecies.The positive reaction of growthhormone(GH)-IRE cells was found only inpancreatic island of S.Chuatsi and S.Asotus,no positive reaction in the other 6 fish species.Somatostatin(SOM)-,calcitonin(CAL)-,neurofilament(NF)-and insulin(INS)-IRE cellsin the stomach,intestine and pancreas of 8 kindsof fish were different in distribution and types.The distribution of all 8 APUD cells was the mostin gastrointestinal epithelium mucosa and then indigestive glands.The positive reaction of SOM-and 5-HT-IRE cells was found in intermuscularnerve plexus of intestine of P.fulvidraco andS.chuatsi.Only GH-IRE cells were denselyscattered in the pancreatic islands of S.chuatsiand S.asotus,and odd distribution in thepancreas of S.asotus,SOM-IRE cells weredistributed in the pancreatic islands of S.asotus,C.Brachypomum and T.nilotica.There were INS-IRE cells in the pancreaticislands of S.chuatsi and S.asolus.Eightkinds of APUD cells had longer cell body andcytoplasmic process when they were located inthe gastrointestinal epithelium,and had shortercell body and cytoplasmic process in the gastricgland,and irregular shape in the esophagus andpancreatic island.CONCLUSION Eight kinds of IRE cells were identified in the GEP system of stomach-containing teleosts. These endocrine cells were scattered in gastrointestinal mucosa, intermuscular nerve plexus, gland body, pancreatic gland and islands under APUD system. CAL- and GH-IRE cells in the pancreatic islands of fishes showed functional diversity for these two hormones. Their morphological feature provides evidence of endocrine-paracrine and endocrine-exocrine acting mode. This research can morphologically prove that the GEP endocrine system of fish ( the lowest vertebrate) is almost the same as of mammal and human.展开更多
Macrophages exist in most tissues and play a variety of functions in vertebrates.Teleost fish species are found in most aquatic environments throughout the world and are quite diverse for a group of vertebrate animals...Macrophages exist in most tissues and play a variety of functions in vertebrates.Teleost fish species are found in most aquatic environments throughout the world and are quite diverse for a group of vertebrate animals.Due to whole genome duplication and en vironme ntal adaptati on,teleost monocytes/macrophages possess a variety of different functions and modulations compared with those of mammals.A deeper understanding of teleost monocytes/macrophages in the immune system will not only help develop teleost-specific methods of disease prevention but will also help improve our understanding of the various immune mechanisms in mammals.In this review,we summarize the differences in polarizati on and phagocytosis of teleost and mammalian macrophages to improve our understanding of the various immune mechanisms in vertebrates.展开更多
Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)is a common occurrence across all domains of life.However,most HGT events were reported between single-celled organisms or parasites and hosts(Van Etten and Bhattacharya 2020).A type II an...Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)is a common occurrence across all domains of life.However,most HGT events were reported between single-celled organisms or parasites and hosts(Van Etten and Bhattacharya 2020).A type II antifreeze protein(AFP)gene was the first and sole evidence of HGT direct vertebrate-to-vertebrate DNA transmission.AFP is only found in 3 widely separated branches of teleost fishes(herring,sea raven,and smelts),sharing amino acid similarity up to 80%(Graham et al.2008).展开更多
In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub&...In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.展开更多
Time-dependent tissue distribution of mercury(Hg) was studied in a freshwater perch,Anabas testudineus which revealed that the liver and kidneys are the major sites of Hg reten tion. The role of reduced glutathione (...Time-dependent tissue distribution of mercury(Hg) was studied in a freshwater perch,Anabas testudineus which revealed that the liver and kidneys are the major sites of Hg reten tion. The role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the clearance of Hg was also investigated to e valuate the ameliorative effect of this nucleophile. For this purpose, the perch was given GSH 15 min before or after they received 203Hg by injection. The fish were then sacrificed at 24 h and 48 h later. The results clearly indicate that exogenous GSH can significantly reduce Hg retention in both the liver and kidneys, demonstrating a direct role of this nucleophile in the amelioration of Hg-induced toxicity in the early phase of intoxication展开更多
The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5...The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5'-Nuclcotidase activity of body organs gave an idea of the toxicity caused by the fertilizer. Thus the enzyme 5'-Nucleotidase can be used to monitor the pollution in aquatic ecosystem.展开更多
The molecular mechanisms underlying gonadal differentiation in vertebrates have long intrigued researchers.However,studies in this field have predominantly focused on mammals,with limited attention given to non-mammal...The molecular mechanisms underlying gonadal differentiation in vertebrates have long intrigued researchers.However,studies in this field have predominantly focused on mammals,with limited attention given to non-mammalian vertebrates,particularly at the cellular level.To address this knowledge gap,we selected the Chinese tongue sole as our research model.We collected samples from six developmental stages of ovaries and testes and performed in-depth transcriptomic analyses of 123,344 single-cell nuclei.This study identified 34 major cell types,including five gonadal cell types,enabling us to outline the early sex differentiation roadmap in a non-model teleost species.Both somatic and germ cells in the gonads were systematically studied using bioinformatics methods.Numerous sex-biased genes and markers were identified and experimentally validated,contributing to our understanding of the dynamic development and differentiation processes of gonadal supporting cells and germ cells in teleosts.Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis(WGCNA)networks emphasized the critical roles of foxl2a and dmrt1 in sex differentiation.Pseudotime analysis revealed the early differentiation processes between male and female germ cells.We discovered a new germ cell marker gene,gpat2,and elucidated the differentiation pathway of gonadal stem cells in teleost fish.Our results highlight the significance of pathways such as oocyte meiosis,Target of Rapamycin(TOR)complex,oxytocin signaling,cGMP-PKG signaling,and arginine signaling in the differentiation of oocytes and spermatogonial stem cells.Cell-cell communication analyses further revealed interactions among different gonadal cell types,identifying the WNT and Notch pathways as crucial for the development of female and male gonads.Furthermore,we verified a feedback loop between dmrt1 and zfpm2 for the first time in teleosts,suggesting potential roles for zfpm2 in the formation and development of the teleost testis.Our findings provide a comprehensive transcriptomic resource for investigating the early sex differentiation processes of teleosts at the single-cell level and bridge the knowledge gap in research on non-mammalian vertebrates.展开更多
Interleukin-18(IL-18)is an important proinflammatory cytokine essential for immune modulation.Unlike most cytokines,it is synthesized as an inactive precursor,with its maturation and secretion being critical for its f...Interleukin-18(IL-18)is an important proinflammatory cytokine essential for immune modulation.Unlike most cytokines,it is synthesized as an inactive precursor,with its maturation and secretion being critical for its functionality.As an evolutionarily ancient cytokine,it can be traced back to teleosts,but not zebrafish.However,the regulatory mechanism of IL-18 in early vertebrates remains largely elusive.The present study reports the maturation and secretion of IL-18 along with its role in signal transduction in a teleost fish half-smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).We found that pro-IL-18 was cleaved by caspase-1,caspase-3/7,and caspase-6 at different N-terminal sites,generating three forms of the mature IL-18.In contrast to the negatively charged pro-IL-18,the positively charged mature IL-18 is highly enriched in the cytoplasmic membrane.It is enclosed within membrane-associated microvesicles,which facilitate secretion to the extracellular milieu.Once secreted,it binds specifically to the IL-18 receptorα(IL-18Rα)present on the cell surface and recruits IL-18Rβto form a functionally active heterotrimeric complex.Bacterial challenge induces the maturation and secretion of IL-18,which upregulates the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines.Activation of the IL-18-mediated signaling pathway enhances antimicrobial immunity and reduces infection-induced mortality.Our findings collectively reveal a unique mechanism of IL-18 maturation,unconventional secretion,and immune regulation in a teleost fish,which provides new insights into the role of IL-18-based signaling in immune regulation.展开更多
The remarkable morphological diversity and species abundance of teleost fishes offer a valuable resource for understanding vertebrate evolution.In phase I of the Fish10K project,genomes of 110 teleost species were seq...The remarkable morphological diversity and species abundance of teleost fishes offer a valuable resource for understanding vertebrate evolution.In phase I of the Fish10K project,genomes of 110 teleost species were sequenced and assembled,filling gaps in 3 previously unrepresented orders,and integrated with existing data to generate a 464 species wholegenome alignment spanning all teleost orders-the largest such resource beyond mammals and birds.展开更多
Toll-like receptors(TLRs) sit at the top of the immune system pyramid.They form a paramount family of immune sentinels capable of sensing diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAPMs),danger/damage-associated m...Toll-like receptors(TLRs) sit at the top of the immune system pyramid.They form a paramount family of immune sentinels capable of sensing diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAPMs),danger/damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),and other signals.These perceptions trigger immediate innate immunity and instruct subsequent adaptive immunity.TLRs are highly glycosylated type I transmembrane glycoproteins that share a conserved tripartite domain architecture(LRR,TM and TIR domains),classified into six subfamilies(TLR1,TLR3,TLR4,TLR5,TLR7,TLR11) in vertebrates.Upon ligand engagement,TLRs form homodimers or heterodimers to activate immune responses via SMOCs,orchestrated by intrinsic and pathogen-directed negative regulators,glycosylation modification,etc.TLR signaling culminates in the production of inflammatory cytokines,interferons,inflammasomes,immune cell activation,apoptosis,etc.Teleosts,as the largest and most diverse group among the extant vertebrates,manifest important economic value and are crucial for understanding the evolution of vertebrate immunity.To date,teleosts contain 20 TLRs(TLR1–5,TLR7–9,TLR13,TLR14,TLR18–23,TLR25– 28) with expansions and losses in different species,and most of them possess more or less variants.Almost all teleostean TLRs localize in organelles,such as endosomes and lysosomes,sensing not only pathogens and DAMPs but also trophic factors and environmental stresses(hypoxia,temperature,microplastics,etc.).Most ligands for TLRs remain undetermined in teleosts.The adaptors consist of My D88,TIRAP,TRIF,SARM1,BCAP and SCIMP,but without TRAM;however,half of the corresponding relationships between TLRs and adaptors remain unknown in teleosts.Neofunctionalization often emerges during evolution in teleostean TLRs.Here,a systematic review of TLR signaling in teleosts,from the perspective of comparative immunology,presents the current understanding of the functions and mechanisms of teleosts.Additionally,it provides strong evidence of a divergent TLR signaling repertoire with the species-specific variation among teleosts.These are expected to benefit novel adjuvants,aquaculture,fish immunology,and comparative immunology.展开更多
Aquatic environments expose fishes to a wide range of pathogens,emphasizing the crucial role of their immune system.Chemokines are key mediators that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune cell activ...Aquatic environments expose fishes to a wide range of pathogens,emphasizing the crucial role of their immune system.Chemokines are key mediators that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune cell activity.As essential components of immune defense,immune cells play a central role in recognizing and eliminating pathogens.In mammals,chemokines exhibit direct antimicrobial activity and can enhance vaccine efficacy as molecular adjuvants.However,these functions remain insufficiently explored and summarized in teleost fishes,limiting their practical use in aquaculture.Given the evolutionary conservation of immune systems and chemokine families between teleost fishes and mammals,it is likely that chemokines have conserved functions across these vertebrates.This review systematically examines the roles of chemokines in regulating the functions of immune cells(macrophages,neutrophils,T cells,and B cells)in teleost fishes,and explores their potential application as direct antimicrobial agents and vaccine adjuvants in aquaculture,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of aquatic diseases.展开更多
Regenerative capacity of the central nervous system(CNS)is unevenly distributed among vertebrates.While most mammalian species including humans elicit limited repair following CNS injury or disease,highly regenerative...Regenerative capacity of the central nervous system(CNS)is unevenly distributed among vertebrates.While most mammalian species including humans elicit limited repair following CNS injury or disease,highly regenerative vertebrates including urodele amphibians and teleost fish spontaneously reverse CNS damage.Teletost zebrafish(danio rerio)are tropical freshwater fish that proved to be an excellent vertebrate model of successful CNS regeneration.Differential neuronal,glial,and immune injury responses underlie disparate injury outcomes between highly regenerative zebrafish and poorly regenerative mammals.This article describes complications associated with neuronal repair following spinal cord injury(SCI)in poorly regenerative mammals and highlights intersecting modes of plasticity and regeneration in highly regenerative zebrafish(Figures 1 and 2).Comparative approaches evaluating immunoglial SCI responses were recently reviewed elsewhere(Reyes and Mokalled,2024).展开更多
Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate ...Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes,while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown.Here,we discover a long noncoding RNA,termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA(AANCR),as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish.The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus(SCRV)production.miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses,which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses.Further,AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA,thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses.Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish,but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.展开更多
Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,im...Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,immunological and reproductive disarray at organismal level.A wide range of structurally diverse EDs such as,sex-steroid hormone mimics,pesticides and fertilizers,prevail in the environment originating from waste of industries,pharmaceutics,sewage treatment plants and agriculture.In addition,some metals,such as Cu,Hg and Zn,have endocrine disrupting potency in their metallic as well as synthesized nano-particulate forms.There is an increasing concern in research for the plausible threat posed by EDs that can disrupt the endocrine system in aquatic fauna as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into water stream.Fishes are well known bio-indicators to understand toxicity of EDs as they are vulnerable to endocrine disruption.Furthermore,EDs have the potential to affect fish-feeding higher vertebrates including mammals and subsequently human,as they make their way up on the food web pyramid due to biomagnification.In light of this,several observations suggesting adverse effects of EDs and the mechanism contributing to endocrine disruption in fish are discussed extensively in this review.This article highlights the necessity to choose a credible model for assessing the toxic effects exerted by EDs.Furthermore,the toxic effects of EDs will be comprehensively reviewed with reference to sexual plasticity,neuroendocrine mechanisms,thyroid and immune modulation,gonadal development and maturation as well as changes in transcriptome/genome profile using fish models to imply ED-induced aquatic pollution in a larger perspective.For decades now,studies on EDs have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology to develop new molecular markers to improve methodologies and to assess the ecological risks associated with field conditions.In this regard,it is imperative to highlight the development of modern diagnostic tools including biosensors to monitor the inadvertent usage of EDs and the resultant environmental risks.Lastly,current limitations in knowledge along with future research perspectives in the field are also highlighted in this article.展开更多
Among vertebrates,teleosts display a wide array of sex determination and differentiation mechanisms ranging from chromosomal sex determination on one end of the spectrum to environmental sex determination on the other...Among vertebrates,teleosts display a wide array of sex determination and differentiation mechanisms ranging from chromosomal sex determination on one end of the spectrum to environmental sex determination on the other end.However,the interplay of both these mechanisms is also not uncommon.Several gonochoristic fishes exhibit gonadal plasticity often resulting in sex reversal.The major manipulation of sex differentiation in teleost is affected by sex steroids.In this context,the increasing contamination of aquatic ecosystems by estrogen-like compounds,commonly known as xenoestrogens,is of major concern.This often leads to deleterious effects on the reproductive success of fish and thereby adversely impacts aquatic biodiversity.In the present review,we have focused on impact of xenoestrogen at different levels of the reproductive system influencing not only gonadal differentiation in teleosts but also their reproductive functions.The review would also explore the mitigation strategies and regulations in place for aquatic xenoestrogen management.展开更多
Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathwa...Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway.Several studies have suggested the rapid evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages with striking reproductive diversity.However,there is still limited information about the function and evolution of Tdrd genes in teleost species.In this study,through genome wide screening,13 Tdrd family genes were identified in economically important aquaculture fish,including spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus),Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer),and tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).With copy number,structure,phylogeny,and synteny analysis,duplication of Tdrd6 and Tdrd7,as well as loss of Stk31 and Tdrd10,were characterized in teleost lineages.Codon based molecular evolution analysis indicated faster evolution of teleost Tdrd genes than that in mammals,potentially associated with the accelerated evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages.The evolutionary diversity of Tdrd genes was also detected between different teleost lineages.RNA-seq analysis showed that most teleost Tdrd genes were dominantly expressed in gonads,particularly highly expressed in testis,such as Tdrd6,Tdrd7a,Tdrd9,Ecat8,and Tdrd15.The varied expression and evolutionary pattern between the duplicated Tdrd6 and Tdrd7 in teleosts may indicate their functional diversification.All these results suggest a conserved function of teleost Tdrd family in gametogenesis and the piRNA pathway,which could lay a foundation for the evolution of Tdrd genes and be helpful for further deciphering of Tdrd functions in teleosts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32473194)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY23C190002)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City (202003N4011)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project of Ningbo University (HZ202201)。
文摘NLRP3 inflammasome activation is pivotal for cytokine secretion and pyroptosis in response to diverse stimuli,playing a crucial role in innate immunity.While extensively studied in mammals,the regulatory mechanisms governing NLRP3 activation in non-mammalian vertebrates remain largely unexplored.Teleosts,as basal vertebrates,represent an ideal model for exploring the evolutionary trajectory of inflammasome regulation.In this study,ABE assays,confocal microscopy,and biochemical analyses were applied to systematically characterize the mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome in teleosts,using large yellow croakers(Larimichthys crocea,Lc)and zebrafish(Danio rerio,Dr)as representative models.Our findings revealed a previously unrecognized palmitoylation-dependent regulatory mechanism essential for teleost NLRP3 activation.Specifically,zDHHC18-mediated palmitoylation at a teleost-specific cysteine residue(C946 in LcNLRP3,C1037 in DrNLRP3)was required for the translocation of NLRP3 to the dispersed trans-Golgi network,facilitating its subsequent recruitment to the microtubule-organizing center.This membrane trafficking was crucial for inflammasome assembly and downstream inflammatory responses.These findings provide new insights into the distinct regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 activation in teleosts,highlighting an evolutionary divergence that contributes to innate immunity adaptation in early vertebrates.
基金The Fund of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang)under contract No.ZJW-2023-01the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under contract Nos 2023A1515010576 and 2024A1515012859the Marine Youth Talent Project of Zhanjiang under contract No.2023E0006.
文摘Sex-biased microRNAs(miRNAs)influence gonadal development in fish by directly targeting genes associated with estrogen production pathways.WW domain-binding protein 2(WBP2)functions as a crucial transcriptional co-activator of the estrogen and progesterone receptors(PGR).This study investigates the direct modulation of a sex-biased miR-133b on wbp2 and its regulatory role in gonadal development in fish,the greater amberjack(Seriola dumerili).Using dual-luciferase reporter assays,we demonstrate that wbp2 is a direct target of miR-133b,with miR-133b-3p binding to the 3'untranslated region(3'UTR)of wbp2.In vitro,miR-133b mimic significantly downregulate wbp2 expression,while the miR-133b inhibitor increase wbp2 levels.Consistently,in vivo,wbp2 expression is upregulated following antagomir-133b treatment and downregulated following agomir-133b.RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization(RNA-FISH)results reveal miR-133b and wbp2 co-localization in ovarian interstitial cells.Notably,phylogenetic analysis indicates that miR-133b-3p and wbp2 are highly conserved among bony fish species.Additionally,dual-luciferase assays in other bony fish species including Oreochromis niloticus and Danio rerio also confirm the targeting effect of miR-133b-3p on wbp2,suggesting that this regulatory mechanism is conserved across bony fish.This research provides a theoretical foundation for further exploration of non-coding RNA-mediated regulation in gonadal development in teleost.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.No.39070666.
文摘AIM To study the cell types,localization,distribution density and morphology of APUDcells in the intestinal mucosa of stomachlessteleost fishes.METHOD By using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex(PAP)immunocytochemical staining technique theidentification,localization and morphology ofimmunoreactive(IR)endocrine cells seattered inthe intestinal mucosa of grass carp(Cyenopharyngodon idellus),black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus)and common carp(Cyprinus carpio)were investigated with 20kinds of antisera prepared against mammalianpeptide hormones of APUD cells,and likewise byusing avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC)method those of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),bighead(Aristichthys nobilis),silver crucian carp(Carassius gibelio)and bluntnose black bream(Megalobrama amblyocephala)were alsostudied with 5 different antisera.Thereplacement of the first antiserum by phosphatebuffered saline(PBS)was employed as a control.IR endocrine cells were counted with asquare-mesh ocular micrometer from 10 fieldsselected randomly in every section of each partof the intestine specimen.The average numberof IR endocrine cells per mm2 was counted toquantify their distribution density.RESULT Gastrin(GAS)-,Gastric inhibitorypeptide(GIP)-,glucagon(GLU)-,glucagon-likeimmunoreactants(GLI)-,bovine pancreaticpolypeptide(BPP)-,leucine-enkephalin(ENK)-and substance P(SP)-IR endocrine cells werefound in the gut of grass carp,black carp andcommon carp,and somatostatin(SOM)-IRendocrine cells were only seen in common carp.GAS-,GIP-and GLU-IR endocrine cells werefound in the intestinal mucosa of silver carp,bighead,silver crucian carp and bluntnose blackbream.Most of IR endocrine cells had the higherdistribution density in the foregut and midgut,and were longer in shape.They had a long apicalcytoplasmic process extended to the gut lumenand a basal process extended to adjacent cellsor basement membrane and touched with it.Sometimes,the basal cytoplasmic processformed an enlarged synapse-like structure in thecontiguous part with basement membrane.Thisphenomenon provided new morphologicalevidence for neuroendocrine and paracrinesecretory function of these enteroendocrinecells.CONCLUTION At least 8 kinds of IR endocrinecells were found in the gut of stomachlessteleost species for the first time in China.TheseIR endocrine cells scattering in the gut mucosabelong to the APUD system.Among them,thehormones secreted by SP-,ENK-,SOM-and GLU-IR endocrine cells belong to the peptides of dualdistribution in the brain and gut.This providednew evidence for the concept of brain-gutpeptide.According to the cell types,distribution density,morphologicalcharacteristics and variety in shape of APUDcells in the gut of stomachless teleost fishes,itis deemed that the digestive tract of fishes isalso an endocrine organ of great importance andcomplexity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39470554
文摘AIM To identify the type localization andmorphology of APUD endocrine cells in thegastroenteropancreatic(GEP)system ofstomach-containing teleosts,and study APUDendocrine system in the stomach,intestine andpancreas of fish species.METHODS Two kinds of immunocytochemical(ICC)techniques of the streptavidin biotin-peroxidase complex(SABC)and streptavidin-peroxidase(S-P)method were used.Theidentification,localization and morphology ofAPUD endocrine cells scattered in the mucosa ofdigestive tract,intermuscular nerve plexus andglandular body of northern snakehead(Channaargus),ricefield eel(Monopterus albus),yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),mandarinfish(Siniperca chuatsi),largemouthbass(Micropterus salmoides),orientalsheatfish(Silurus asotus),freshwater pomfret(Colossoma brachypomum)and nile tilapia(Tilapia nilotica)were investigated with 8 kindsof antisera.RESULTS The positive reaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)immunoreactiveendocrine(IRE)cells was found in the digestive tract and glandular body of 8 fish species indifferent degree.Only a few gastrin(GAS)-IREcells were seen in C.argus,M.albus and P.fulvidraco.Glucagon(GLU)-IRE cells were notfound in the digestive tract and glandular bodybut existed in pancreatic island of most fishspecies.The positive reaction of growthhormone(GH)-IRE cells was found only inpancreatic island of S.Chuatsi and S.Asotus,no positive reaction in the other 6 fish species.Somatostatin(SOM)-,calcitonin(CAL)-,neurofilament(NF)-and insulin(INS)-IRE cellsin the stomach,intestine and pancreas of 8 kindsof fish were different in distribution and types.The distribution of all 8 APUD cells was the mostin gastrointestinal epithelium mucosa and then indigestive glands.The positive reaction of SOM-and 5-HT-IRE cells was found in intermuscularnerve plexus of intestine of P.fulvidraco andS.chuatsi.Only GH-IRE cells were denselyscattered in the pancreatic islands of S.chuatsiand S.asotus,and odd distribution in thepancreas of S.asotus,SOM-IRE cells weredistributed in the pancreatic islands of S.asotus,C.Brachypomum and T.nilotica.There were INS-IRE cells in the pancreaticislands of S.chuatsi and S.asolus.Eightkinds of APUD cells had longer cell body andcytoplasmic process when they were located inthe gastrointestinal epithelium,and had shortercell body and cytoplasmic process in the gastricgland,and irregular shape in the esophagus andpancreatic island.CONCLUSION Eight kinds of IRE cells were identified in the GEP system of stomach-containing teleosts. These endocrine cells were scattered in gastrointestinal mucosa, intermuscular nerve plexus, gland body, pancreatic gland and islands under APUD system. CAL- and GH-IRE cells in the pancreatic islands of fishes showed functional diversity for these two hormones. Their morphological feature provides evidence of endocrine-paracrine and endocrine-exocrine acting mode. This research can morphologically prove that the GEP endocrine system of fish ( the lowest vertebrate) is almost the same as of mammal and human.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772876,41776151)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ18C190001,LR18C040001)+1 种基金Scientific Innovation Team Project of Ningbo(2015C110018)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Macrophages exist in most tissues and play a variety of functions in vertebrates.Teleost fish species are found in most aquatic environments throughout the world and are quite diverse for a group of vertebrate animals.Due to whole genome duplication and en vironme ntal adaptati on,teleost monocytes/macrophages possess a variety of different functions and modulations compared with those of mammals.A deeper understanding of teleost monocytes/macrophages in the immune system will not only help develop teleost-specific methods of disease prevention but will also help improve our understanding of the various immune mechanisms in mammals.In this review,we summarize the differences in polarizati on and phagocytosis of teleost and mammalian macrophages to improve our understanding of the various immune mechanisms in vertebrates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604904)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR21D060003)to Z.H.
文摘Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)is a common occurrence across all domains of life.However,most HGT events were reported between single-celled organisms or parasites and hosts(Van Etten and Bhattacharya 2020).A type II antifreeze protein(AFP)gene was the first and sole evidence of HGT direct vertebrate-to-vertebrate DNA transmission.AFP is only found in 3 widely separated branches of teleost fishes(herring,sea raven,and smelts),sharing amino acid similarity up to 80%(Graham et al.2008).
文摘In this current paper, the exposure time effects on four endocrine disruptors and teleost fishes were evaluated using the reduced life expectancy (RLE) model based on the effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of available literature published. The result on the regression analysis over different exposure times has demonstrated that the EC<sub>50</sub> of hepatic biomarkers falls with increasing exposure times in a predictable manner. The slopes of the regression equations reflect the strength of the toxic effects on the various teleost fish. The EC<sub>50</sub> reduction over time can be interpreted based on the bioconcentration process, which can be used to understand transfer routes of the compounds from water to fish body. RLE model also provides useful information in assessing the toxic effects on fish life expectancy as a result of the occurrence of compounds.
文摘Time-dependent tissue distribution of mercury(Hg) was studied in a freshwater perch,Anabas testudineus which revealed that the liver and kidneys are the major sites of Hg reten tion. The role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the clearance of Hg was also investigated to e valuate the ameliorative effect of this nucleophile. For this purpose, the perch was given GSH 15 min before or after they received 203Hg by injection. The fish were then sacrificed at 24 h and 48 h later. The results clearly indicate that exogenous GSH can significantly reduce Hg retention in both the liver and kidneys, demonstrating a direct role of this nucleophile in the amelioration of Hg-induced toxicity in the early phase of intoxication
文摘The toxic effect of fertilizer Diammonium phosphate resulted in alterations of 5'-Nucleotidase activity of tissues liver, kidney and muscles offish C. batrachus at varying intervals and exposures. Alterations in 5'-Nuclcotidase activity of body organs gave an idea of the toxicity caused by the fertilizer. Thus the enzyme 5'-Nucleotidase can be used to monitor the pollution in aquatic ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230107)Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2021LZGC028,2023ZLYS02)+2 种基金Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2020TD20,2022CG01)Shandong Taishan Scholar Climbing Projectthe Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2022ZLGX01)。
文摘The molecular mechanisms underlying gonadal differentiation in vertebrates have long intrigued researchers.However,studies in this field have predominantly focused on mammals,with limited attention given to non-mammalian vertebrates,particularly at the cellular level.To address this knowledge gap,we selected the Chinese tongue sole as our research model.We collected samples from six developmental stages of ovaries and testes and performed in-depth transcriptomic analyses of 123,344 single-cell nuclei.This study identified 34 major cell types,including five gonadal cell types,enabling us to outline the early sex differentiation roadmap in a non-model teleost species.Both somatic and germ cells in the gonads were systematically studied using bioinformatics methods.Numerous sex-biased genes and markers were identified and experimentally validated,contributing to our understanding of the dynamic development and differentiation processes of gonadal supporting cells and germ cells in teleosts.Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis(WGCNA)networks emphasized the critical roles of foxl2a and dmrt1 in sex differentiation.Pseudotime analysis revealed the early differentiation processes between male and female germ cells.We discovered a new germ cell marker gene,gpat2,and elucidated the differentiation pathway of gonadal stem cells in teleost fish.Our results highlight the significance of pathways such as oocyte meiosis,Target of Rapamycin(TOR)complex,oxytocin signaling,cGMP-PKG signaling,and arginine signaling in the differentiation of oocytes and spermatogonial stem cells.Cell-cell communication analyses further revealed interactions among different gonadal cell types,identifying the WNT and Notch pathways as crucial for the development of female and male gonads.Furthermore,we verified a feedback loop between dmrt1 and zfpm2 for the first time in teleosts,suggesting potential roles for zfpm2 in the formation and development of the teleost testis.Our findings provide a comprehensive transcriptomic resource for investigating the early sex differentiation processes of teleosts at the single-cell level and bridge the knowledge gap in research on non-mammalian vertebrates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322085,42276115)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2021204)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(2021).
文摘Interleukin-18(IL-18)is an important proinflammatory cytokine essential for immune modulation.Unlike most cytokines,it is synthesized as an inactive precursor,with its maturation and secretion being critical for its functionality.As an evolutionarily ancient cytokine,it can be traced back to teleosts,but not zebrafish.However,the regulatory mechanism of IL-18 in early vertebrates remains largely elusive.The present study reports the maturation and secretion of IL-18 along with its role in signal transduction in a teleost fish half-smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).We found that pro-IL-18 was cleaved by caspase-1,caspase-3/7,and caspase-6 at different N-terminal sites,generating three forms of the mature IL-18.In contrast to the negatively charged pro-IL-18,the positively charged mature IL-18 is highly enriched in the cytoplasmic membrane.It is enclosed within membrane-associated microvesicles,which facilitate secretion to the extracellular milieu.Once secreted,it binds specifically to the IL-18 receptorα(IL-18Rα)present on the cell surface and recruits IL-18Rβto form a functionally active heterotrimeric complex.Bacterial challenge induces the maturation and secretion of IL-18,which upregulates the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines.Activation of the IL-18-mediated signaling pathway enhances antimicrobial immunity and reduces infection-induced mortality.Our findings collectively reveal a unique mechanism of IL-18 maturation,unconventional secretion,and immune regulation in a teleost fish,which provides new insights into the role of IL-18-based signaling in immune regulation.
基金supported by The General Program(Key Program,Major Research Plan)of National Natural Science Foundation of China nos.32170439(to G.Y.F.),32122021(to K.W.),32293252,and 32170438(to C.C.F.)the Thousands Marine Species Genome Sequencing Project of Qingdao Free Trade Zone Management Committee(to G.Y.F.)+3 种基金Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan no.2023CXPT057(to G.Y.F.)the Specially appointed Professor Program of Jiangsu Province,the Jiangsu Foreign Expert Bureau,and the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Technology grant JSSCTD202142(to I.S.)received technical support from the China National Gene Banksupported by the High-performance Computing Platform of YZBSTCACC.
文摘The remarkable morphological diversity and species abundance of teleost fishes offer a valuable resource for understanding vertebrate evolution.In phase I of the Fish10K project,genomes of 110 teleost species were sequenced and assembled,filling gaps in 3 previously unrepresented orders,and integrated with existing data to generate a 464 species wholegenome alignment spanning all teleost orders-the largest such resource beyond mammals and birds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32373164)。
文摘Toll-like receptors(TLRs) sit at the top of the immune system pyramid.They form a paramount family of immune sentinels capable of sensing diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAPMs),danger/damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),and other signals.These perceptions trigger immediate innate immunity and instruct subsequent adaptive immunity.TLRs are highly glycosylated type I transmembrane glycoproteins that share a conserved tripartite domain architecture(LRR,TM and TIR domains),classified into six subfamilies(TLR1,TLR3,TLR4,TLR5,TLR7,TLR11) in vertebrates.Upon ligand engagement,TLRs form homodimers or heterodimers to activate immune responses via SMOCs,orchestrated by intrinsic and pathogen-directed negative regulators,glycosylation modification,etc.TLR signaling culminates in the production of inflammatory cytokines,interferons,inflammasomes,immune cell activation,apoptosis,etc.Teleosts,as the largest and most diverse group among the extant vertebrates,manifest important economic value and are crucial for understanding the evolution of vertebrate immunity.To date,teleosts contain 20 TLRs(TLR1–5,TLR7–9,TLR13,TLR14,TLR18–23,TLR25– 28) with expansions and losses in different species,and most of them possess more or less variants.Almost all teleostean TLRs localize in organelles,such as endosomes and lysosomes,sensing not only pathogens and DAMPs but also trophic factors and environmental stresses(hypoxia,temperature,microplastics,etc.).Most ligands for TLRs remain undetermined in teleosts.The adaptors consist of My D88,TIRAP,TRIF,SARM1,BCAP and SCIMP,but without TRAM;however,half of the corresponding relationships between TLRs and adaptors remain unknown in teleosts.Neofunctionalization often emerges during evolution in teleostean TLRs.Here,a systematic review of TLR signaling in teleosts,from the perspective of comparative immunology,presents the current understanding of the functions and mechanisms of teleosts.Additionally,it provides strong evidence of a divergent TLR signaling repertoire with the species-specific variation among teleosts.These are expected to benefit novel adjuvants,aquaculture,fish immunology,and comparative immunology.
基金supported by the key project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23C190001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32173004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQN25C190010)the Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo(2024Z279).
文摘Aquatic environments expose fishes to a wide range of pathogens,emphasizing the crucial role of their immune system.Chemokines are key mediators that bridge innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune cell activity.As essential components of immune defense,immune cells play a central role in recognizing and eliminating pathogens.In mammals,chemokines exhibit direct antimicrobial activity and can enhance vaccine efficacy as molecular adjuvants.However,these functions remain insufficiently explored and summarized in teleost fishes,limiting their practical use in aquaculture.Given the evolutionary conservation of immune systems and chemokine families between teleost fishes and mammals,it is likely that chemokines have conserved functions across these vertebrates.This review systematically examines the roles of chemokines in regulating the functions of immune cells(macrophages,neutrophils,T cells,and B cells)in teleost fishes,and explores their potential application as direct antimicrobial agents and vaccine adjuvants in aquaculture,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of aquatic diseases.
文摘Regenerative capacity of the central nervous system(CNS)is unevenly distributed among vertebrates.While most mammalian species including humans elicit limited repair following CNS injury or disease,highly regenerative vertebrates including urodele amphibians and teleost fish spontaneously reverse CNS damage.Teletost zebrafish(danio rerio)are tropical freshwater fish that proved to be an excellent vertebrate model of successful CNS regeneration.Differential neuronal,glial,and immune injury responses underlie disparate injury outcomes between highly regenerative zebrafish and poorly regenerative mammals.This article describes complications associated with neuronal repair following spinal cord injury(SCI)in poorly regenerative mammals and highlights intersecting modes of plasticity and regeneration in highly regenerative zebrafish(Figures 1 and 2).Comparative approaches evaluating immunoglial SCI responses were recently reviewed elsewhere(Reyes and Mokalled,2024).
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(31822057)the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFD0900503)。
文摘Viral infection induces the initiation of antiviral effectors and cytokines which are critical mediators of innate antiviral responses.The critical molecular determinants are responsible for triggering an appropriate immune response.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as new gene modulators involved in various biological processes,while how lncRNAs operate in lower vertebrates are still unknown.Here,we discover a long noncoding RNA,termed antiviral-associated long noncoding RNA(AANCR),as a novel regulator for innate antiviral responses in teleost fish.The results indicate that fish MITA plays an essential role in host antiviral responses and inhibition of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus(SCRV)production.miR-210 reduces MITA expression and suppress MITA-mediated antiviral responses,which may help viruses evade host antiviral responses.Further,AANCR functions as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)for miR-210 to control protein abundance of MITA,thereby inhibiting SCRV replication and promoting antiviral responses.Our data not only shed new light on understanding the function role of lncRNA in biological processes in teleost fish,but confirmed the hypothesis that ceRNA networks exist widely in vertebrates.
基金SK and PS are grateful to the University of Hyderabad for Non-NET fellowships.NA is thankful to the Junior Research Fellowship support by a grant-in-aid(BT/PR15748/AAQ/3/803/2016)from the Department of Biotechnology(DBT)India awarded to BS.BS is also a recipient of TATA innovation fellowship(BT/HRD/35/01/02/2013)from DBT,India(during the years:2014-2019)which is acknowledged.
文摘Endocrine disruptors(EDs)are synthetic or natural chemical molecules occurring in environment that have the potential to impart adverse effects on homeostasis of endocrine axis leading to neurological,developmental,immunological and reproductive disarray at organismal level.A wide range of structurally diverse EDs such as,sex-steroid hormone mimics,pesticides and fertilizers,prevail in the environment originating from waste of industries,pharmaceutics,sewage treatment plants and agriculture.In addition,some metals,such as Cu,Hg and Zn,have endocrine disrupting potency in their metallic as well as synthesized nano-particulate forms.There is an increasing concern in research for the plausible threat posed by EDs that can disrupt the endocrine system in aquatic fauna as these compounds are frequently discharged or run-off into water stream.Fishes are well known bio-indicators to understand toxicity of EDs as they are vulnerable to endocrine disruption.Furthermore,EDs have the potential to affect fish-feeding higher vertebrates including mammals and subsequently human,as they make their way up on the food web pyramid due to biomagnification.In light of this,several observations suggesting adverse effects of EDs and the mechanism contributing to endocrine disruption in fish are discussed extensively in this review.This article highlights the necessity to choose a credible model for assessing the toxic effects exerted by EDs.Furthermore,the toxic effects of EDs will be comprehensively reviewed with reference to sexual plasticity,neuroendocrine mechanisms,thyroid and immune modulation,gonadal development and maturation as well as changes in transcriptome/genome profile using fish models to imply ED-induced aquatic pollution in a larger perspective.For decades now,studies on EDs have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology to develop new molecular markers to improve methodologies and to assess the ecological risks associated with field conditions.In this regard,it is imperative to highlight the development of modern diagnostic tools including biosensors to monitor the inadvertent usage of EDs and the resultant environmental risks.Lastly,current limitations in knowledge along with future research perspectives in the field are also highlighted in this article.
基金Minor Research Grant,Institution of Eminence(IoE/FRP/LS/2020/27)by University of Delhi.
文摘Among vertebrates,teleosts display a wide array of sex determination and differentiation mechanisms ranging from chromosomal sex determination on one end of the spectrum to environmental sex determination on the other end.However,the interplay of both these mechanisms is also not uncommon.Several gonochoristic fishes exhibit gonadal plasticity often resulting in sex reversal.The major manipulation of sex differentiation in teleost is affected by sex steroids.In this context,the increasing contamination of aquatic ecosystems by estrogen-like compounds,commonly known as xenoestrogens,is of major concern.This often leads to deleterious effects on the reproductive success of fish and thereby adversely impacts aquatic biodiversity.In the present review,we have focused on impact of xenoestrogen at different levels of the reproductive system influencing not only gonadal differentiation in teleosts but also their reproductive functions.The review would also explore the mitigation strategies and regulations in place for aquatic xenoestrogen management.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31702331)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-47-G06)National Infrastructure of Fishery Germplasm Resources.
文摘Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway.Several studies have suggested the rapid evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages with striking reproductive diversity.However,there is still limited information about the function and evolution of Tdrd genes in teleost species.In this study,through genome wide screening,13 Tdrd family genes were identified in economically important aquaculture fish,including spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus),Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer),and tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).With copy number,structure,phylogeny,and synteny analysis,duplication of Tdrd6 and Tdrd7,as well as loss of Stk31 and Tdrd10,were characterized in teleost lineages.Codon based molecular evolution analysis indicated faster evolution of teleost Tdrd genes than that in mammals,potentially associated with the accelerated evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages.The evolutionary diversity of Tdrd genes was also detected between different teleost lineages.RNA-seq analysis showed that most teleost Tdrd genes were dominantly expressed in gonads,particularly highly expressed in testis,such as Tdrd6,Tdrd7a,Tdrd9,Ecat8,and Tdrd15.The varied expression and evolutionary pattern between the duplicated Tdrd6 and Tdrd7 in teleosts may indicate their functional diversification.All these results suggest a conserved function of teleost Tdrd family in gametogenesis and the piRNA pathway,which could lay a foundation for the evolution of Tdrd genes and be helpful for further deciphering of Tdrd functions in teleosts.
