Catalysis has made great contributions to the productivity of human society. Therefore, the pursuit of new catalysts and research on catalytic processes has never stopped. Continuous and in-depth catalysis research si...Catalysis has made great contributions to the productivity of human society. Therefore, the pursuit of new catalysts and research on catalytic processes has never stopped. Continuous and in-depth catalysis research significantly increases the complexity of dynamic systems and multivariate optimization, thus posing higher challenges to research methodologies. Recently, the significant advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) provides new opportunities for catalysis research. Different from traditional discriminative AI, this state-of-the-art technique generates new samples based on existing data and accumulated knowledge, which endows it with attractive potential for catalysis research — a field featuring a vast exploration space, diverse data types and complex mapping relationships. Generative AI can greatly enhance both the efficiency and innovation capacity of catalysis research, subsequently fostering new scientific paradigms. This perspective covers the basic introduction, unique advantages of this powerful tool, and presents cases of generative AI implemented in various catalysis researches, including catalyst design and optimization, characterization technique enhancement and guidance for new research paradigms. These examples highlight its exceptional efficiency and general applicability. We further discuss the practical challenges in implementation and future development perspectives, ultimately aiming to promote better applications of generative AI in catalysis.展开更多
Energy storage plays a critical role in sustainable development,with secondary batteries serving as vital technologies for efficient energy conversion and utilization.This review provides a comprehensive summary of re...Energy storage plays a critical role in sustainable development,with secondary batteries serving as vital technologies for efficient energy conversion and utilization.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements across various battery systems,including lithium-ion,sodium-ion,potassium-ion,and multivalent metal-ion batteries such as magnesium,zinc,calcium,and aluminum.Emerging technologies,including dual-ion,redox flow,and anion batteries,are also discussed.Particular attention is given to alkali metal rechargeable systems,such as lithium-sulfur,lithium-air,sodium-sulfur,sodium-selenium,potassium-sulfur,potassium-selenium,potassium-air,and zinc-air batteries,which have shown significant promise for high-energy applications.The optimization of key components—cathodes,anodes,electrolytes,and interfaces—is extensively analyzed,supported by advanced characterization techniques like time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS),synchrotron radiation,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and in-situ spectroscopy.Moreover,sustainable strategies for recycling spent batteries,including pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,and direct recycling,are critically evaluated to mitigate environmental impacts and resource scarcity.This review not only highlights the latest technological breakthroughs but also identifies key challenges in reaction mechanisms,material design,system integration,and waste battery recycling,and presents a roadmap for advancing high-performance and sustainable battery technologies.展开更多
In order to study the evolution laws during the development process of the coal face overburden rock mining-induced fissure,we studied the process of evolution of overburden rock mining-induced fissures and dynamicall...In order to study the evolution laws during the development process of the coal face overburden rock mining-induced fissure,we studied the process of evolution of overburden rock mining-induced fissures and dynamically quantitatively described its fractal laws,based on the high-precision microseismic monitoring method and the nonlinear Fractal Geometry Theory.The results show that:the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension experiences two periodic change processes with the coal face advance,namely a Small→ Big→ Small process,which tends to be stable;the functional relationship between the extraction step distance and the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension is a cubic curve.The results suggest that the fractal dimension reflects the evolution characteristics of the overburden rock mining-induced fissure,which can be used as an evaluation index of the stability of the overburden rock strata,and it provides theoretical guidance for stability analysis of the overburden rock strata,goaf roof control and the support movements in the mining face.展开更多
Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials exhibit enormous potential in photodetectors because of novel and extraordinary properties,such as passivated surfaces,tunable bandgaps,and high mobility.High-performance p...Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials exhibit enormous potential in photodetectors because of novel and extraordinary properties,such as passivated surfaces,tunable bandgaps,and high mobility.High-performance photodetectors based on 2D materials have been fabricated for broadband,position,polarization-sensitive detection,and large-area array imaging.However,the current performance of 2D material photodetectors is not outstanding enough,including response speed,detectivity,and so forth.The way to further promote the development of 2D material photodetectors and their corresponding practical applications is still a tremendous challenge.In this article,these issues of 2D material photodetectors are analyzed and expected to be solved by combining micro-nano characterization technologies.The inherent physical properties of 2D materials and photodetectors can be accurately characterized by Raman spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and scattering scanning near-field optical microscope(s-SNOM).In particular,the precise probe of lattice defects,doping concentration,and near-field light absorption characteristics can promote the researches of low-noise and high-responsivity photodetectors.Scanning photocurrent microscope(SPCM)can show the overall spatial distribution of photocurrent and analyze the mechanism of photocurrent.Photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscope(KPFM)can characterize the material bandgap,work function distribution and interlayer coupling characteristics,making it possible to design high-performance photodetectors through energy band engineering.These advanced characterization techniques cover the entire process from material growth,to device preparation,and to performance analysis,and systematically reveal the development status of 2D material photodetectors.Finally,the prospects and challenges are discussed to promote the application of 2D material photodetectors.展开更多
Strong metal–support interaction(SMSI),namely the strong electronic and structural interaction between metal nanoparticles and supports,one of the most typical synergetic catalytic effects in composite catalysts,has ...Strong metal–support interaction(SMSI),namely the strong electronic and structural interaction between metal nanoparticles and supports,one of the most typical synergetic catalytic effects in composite catalysts,has been found critically important in the design of catalyst for thermocatalysis in the past.Recently,however,important and great progress of SMSI-based synergetic effects has been made in electrocatalysis,such as electrocatalyst design and electrocatalytic mechanism investigations.To better understand the nature of the synergetic effect assisting the further development of electrocatalysts,a comprehensive and in-depth overview highlighting and discussing the recent advances of SMSI in electrocatalysis is necessary and highly desirable but still absent.Herein,this review firstly presents various strategies of designing and constructing composite catalysts featuring SMSI.Further from the perspectives of electrocatalysis,the characterization techniques towards the electron structure,local interfacial and morphological features and active sites for SMSI-based electrocatalysts,have been summarized in detail.Importantly,the recent advances in the design of single-and bi-functional electrocatalysts featuring SMSI-based synergetic catalytic effects,and the key roles of SMSI during the electrocatalytic reactions are emphasized.Finally,the challenges and prospects are discussed to highlight the key remaining issues in the future development of SMSI-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2441001)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2023YFB4104503).
文摘Catalysis has made great contributions to the productivity of human society. Therefore, the pursuit of new catalysts and research on catalytic processes has never stopped. Continuous and in-depth catalysis research significantly increases the complexity of dynamic systems and multivariate optimization, thus posing higher challenges to research methodologies. Recently, the significant advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) provides new opportunities for catalysis research. Different from traditional discriminative AI, this state-of-the-art technique generates new samples based on existing data and accumulated knowledge, which endows it with attractive potential for catalysis research — a field featuring a vast exploration space, diverse data types and complex mapping relationships. Generative AI can greatly enhance both the efficiency and innovation capacity of catalysis research, subsequently fostering new scientific paradigms. This perspective covers the basic introduction, unique advantages of this powerful tool, and presents cases of generative AI implemented in various catalysis researches, including catalyst design and optimization, characterization technique enhancement and guidance for new research paradigms. These examples highlight its exceptional efficiency and general applicability. We further discuss the practical challenges in implementation and future development perspectives, ultimately aiming to promote better applications of generative AI in catalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20311 and 22409147)。
文摘Energy storage plays a critical role in sustainable development,with secondary batteries serving as vital technologies for efficient energy conversion and utilization.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements across various battery systems,including lithium-ion,sodium-ion,potassium-ion,and multivalent metal-ion batteries such as magnesium,zinc,calcium,and aluminum.Emerging technologies,including dual-ion,redox flow,and anion batteries,are also discussed.Particular attention is given to alkali metal rechargeable systems,such as lithium-sulfur,lithium-air,sodium-sulfur,sodium-selenium,potassium-sulfur,potassium-selenium,potassium-air,and zinc-air batteries,which have shown significant promise for high-energy applications.The optimization of key components—cathodes,anodes,electrolytes,and interfaces—is extensively analyzed,supported by advanced characterization techniques like time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS),synchrotron radiation,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and in-situ spectroscopy.Moreover,sustainable strategies for recycling spent batteries,including pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,and direct recycling,are critically evaluated to mitigate environmental impacts and resource scarcity.This review not only highlights the latest technological breakthroughs but also identifies key challenges in reaction mechanisms,material design,system integration,and waste battery recycling,and presents a roadmap for advancing high-performance and sustainable battery technologies.
基金Financial support for this work,provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51304154)the Natural Science Foundation Anhui Province(No.1408085MKL92)
文摘In order to study the evolution laws during the development process of the coal face overburden rock mining-induced fissure,we studied the process of evolution of overburden rock mining-induced fissures and dynamically quantitatively described its fractal laws,based on the high-precision microseismic monitoring method and the nonlinear Fractal Geometry Theory.The results show that:the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension experiences two periodic change processes with the coal face advance,namely a Small→ Big→ Small process,which tends to be stable;the functional relationship between the extraction step distance and the overburden rock mining-induced fissure fractal dimension is a cubic curve.The results suggest that the fractal dimension reflects the evolution characteristics of the overburden rock mining-induced fissure,which can be used as an evaluation index of the stability of the overburden rock strata,and it provides theoretical guidance for stability analysis of the overburden rock strata,goaf roof control and the support movements in the mining face.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31900748,61905266,61975224,62004207,amd 62005303)Fund of Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Nos.19YF1454600,18ZR1445800).
文摘Atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials exhibit enormous potential in photodetectors because of novel and extraordinary properties,such as passivated surfaces,tunable bandgaps,and high mobility.High-performance photodetectors based on 2D materials have been fabricated for broadband,position,polarization-sensitive detection,and large-area array imaging.However,the current performance of 2D material photodetectors is not outstanding enough,including response speed,detectivity,and so forth.The way to further promote the development of 2D material photodetectors and their corresponding practical applications is still a tremendous challenge.In this article,these issues of 2D material photodetectors are analyzed and expected to be solved by combining micro-nano characterization technologies.The inherent physical properties of 2D materials and photodetectors can be accurately characterized by Raman spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and scattering scanning near-field optical microscope(s-SNOM).In particular,the precise probe of lattice defects,doping concentration,and near-field light absorption characteristics can promote the researches of low-noise and high-responsivity photodetectors.Scanning photocurrent microscope(SPCM)can show the overall spatial distribution of photocurrent and analyze the mechanism of photocurrent.Photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscope(KPFM)can characterize the material bandgap,work function distribution and interlayer coupling characteristics,making it possible to design high-performance photodetectors through energy band engineering.These advanced characterization techniques cover the entire process from material growth,to device preparation,and to performance analysis,and systematically reveal the development status of 2D material photodetectors.Finally,the prospects and challenges are discussed to promote the application of 2D material photodetectors.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4002700)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Rising-Star Program(22QA1403400)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1418700).
文摘Strong metal–support interaction(SMSI),namely the strong electronic and structural interaction between metal nanoparticles and supports,one of the most typical synergetic catalytic effects in composite catalysts,has been found critically important in the design of catalyst for thermocatalysis in the past.Recently,however,important and great progress of SMSI-based synergetic effects has been made in electrocatalysis,such as electrocatalyst design and electrocatalytic mechanism investigations.To better understand the nature of the synergetic effect assisting the further development of electrocatalysts,a comprehensive and in-depth overview highlighting and discussing the recent advances of SMSI in electrocatalysis is necessary and highly desirable but still absent.Herein,this review firstly presents various strategies of designing and constructing composite catalysts featuring SMSI.Further from the perspectives of electrocatalysis,the characterization techniques towards the electron structure,local interfacial and morphological features and active sites for SMSI-based electrocatalysts,have been summarized in detail.Importantly,the recent advances in the design of single-and bi-functional electrocatalysts featuring SMSI-based synergetic catalytic effects,and the key roles of SMSI during the electrocatalytic reactions are emphasized.Finally,the challenges and prospects are discussed to highlight the key remaining issues in the future development of SMSI-based electrocatalysts.
