The internationalization of technical standards is a crucial means to promote high-quality economic development,enhance corporate competitiveness,and participate in global economic governance.Drawing widespread academ...The internationalization of technical standards is a crucial means to promote high-quality economic development,enhance corporate competitiveness,and participate in global economic governance.Drawing widespread academic attention,this paper systematically reviews existing research on the internationalization of technical standards,covering aspects such as the concept of technical internationalization,challenges and countermeasures,influencing factors,and the relationship between technological innovation and technical standards.The aim is to advance the refinement of related technical fields and provide theoretical support and guidance for practical activities in the internationalization of technical standards.展开更多
Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environ...Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environmental technical standards influence the manufacturing industry in reducing emissions and improving efficiency(i.e.green transition).Furthermore,drawing upon enterprise samples from the databases of Chinese Industrial Enterprises and Chinese Industrial Pollution Sources from Major Monitored Enterprises,it empirically validates the results of the theoretical analysis.Overall,our research reveals that environmental technical standards can propel manufacturing enterprises to reduce pollution and increase productivity by following an incremental path of technological transformation,thereby achieving a green transition.Moreover,environmental technical standards indirectly promote green technology innovation in the upstream equipment manufacturing enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis further shows that environmental technical standards have a stronger effect of green transition on those companies with higher pollution emission intensity,lower productivity,slower capital renewal and stronger financing capacity prior to implementing the environmental policies.展开更多
This paper presents the game of production technical standards between downstream and upstream suppliers on a manufacturing supply chain network when the two parties have different partnership densities, namely, the n...This paper presents the game of production technical standards between downstream and upstream suppliers on a manufacturing supply chain network when the two parties have different partnership densities, namely, the numbers of replaceable and mature manufacturing partners. We firstly constructed a manufacturing chain network and analyzed its three relationship structures among suppliers with the presence of different relationship densities, and found that all the three relationships brought about the game of production technical standards between partnership-rich and partnership-scanty suppliers. Then we built a two-party payoff matrix, and analyzed the two-party game and evolutionary stable strategy, based on replication dynamic equation and asymmetric evolutionary game theory. The evolutionary stable strategies of two parties under varying payoff parameters were validated through numerical simulation. Finally, we proposed some suggestions for both those manufacturers with more partners and fewer partners, respectively.展开更多
In this paper, the international status of the research on the technical standards of smart grids is overviewed. An approach using the SLO principle to establish the technical standard system of strong & smart gri...In this paper, the international status of the research on the technical standards of smart grids is overviewed. An approach using the SLO principle to establish the technical standard system of strong & smart grids is put forward. A four-layered structure for the system is expounded, which consists of 8 domains, 26 technical fields, 92 standard series and hundreds of standards.展开更多
With new requirements proposed for technical standards work under the new circumstances,the article combining with the practice of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company Limited(WISCO)points out that enterprises must improve th...With new requirements proposed for technical standards work under the new circumstances,the article combining with the practice of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company Limited(WISCO)points out that enterprises must improve the work pattern of standards development and revision,and strengthen the standards implementation management and product quality supervision,so that technical standards can serve as a bridge between technologies and industrialization,support the industrial upgrading and structural optimization,create conditions for promoting trade and unify the market and provides means for global competition,helping enterprises to better cope with the increasing market competition.展开更多
China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. ...China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile product<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile product</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.</span>展开更多
At the first working meeting of the 'Key Technical Standard PromotionProject', an important project of the national scientific and technical support plan during the'11th Five Year' held recently in Bei...At the first working meeting of the 'Key Technical Standard PromotionProject', an important project of the national scientific and technical support plan during the'11th Five Year' held recently in Beijing, the first group of 11 research topics for the 'KeyTechnical Standard Promotion Project' was formally introduced. According to Ms. Yu Xinli, who is incharge of the project as Deputy Director of the China National Institute of Standardization, theproject comprises four aspects: the international standards key breakthrough project, the technicalstandards promotion project of adapting technical trade measures, the technical standards innovationproject of basic public welfare, and the technical standard enhancement project of public security.展开更多
Shale gas is as an emerging industry and its development is highly concerned in China.Under the guidance and support of national industrial policies,shale gas industry develops rapidly and has already stepped into the...Shale gas is as an emerging industry and its development is highly concerned in China.Under the guidance and support of national industrial policies,shale gas industry develops rapidly and has already stepped into the stage of large-scale exploitation of shale gas buried less than 3500 m deep underground.In order to standardize the healthy and rapid development of shale gas industry,ensure available standards for the national supervision on shale gas exploration and development and quickly copy the technologies in the efficient exploration and development of shale gas,it is necessary to formulate the technical standards and technical standard system of the whole shale gas industry chain.In this paper,the current situations of shale gas exploration and development technologies in China were analyzed.Then the role and significance of the formulation of shale gas technical standards in promoting the progress of shale gas technologies were described in detail.Finally,the devel-opment direction of shale gas exploration technology and standard formulation was predicted.And the following research results were obtained.First,China has established the exploration and development theories and technical systems that are in line with national conditions,and 27 distinguished technologies of 6 technical series have been developed,including comprehensive geological evaluation of shale gas,development optimization,optimized and fast drilling of horizontal wells,stimulated reservoir volume of horizontal wells,factory-like operation,and distinguished,efficient and clean exploitation.Second,173 distinguished shale gas standards have been formulated,and they provide a powerful support for the quality and fast development of China's shale gas industry.The annual output of shale gas in 2019 is 143.6108 m^(3).In conclusion,the construction of shale gas technical standard system promotes the continuous improvement of shale gas exploration and development technologies,impels the significant upgrading of technical level and ensures the all-around HSE control.展开更多
Under the condition of market economy, the need for products to be characteristic is getting more and more outstanding, and the product market will be transferred gradually from the seller's market to the buyer...Under the condition of market economy, the need for products to be characteristic is getting more and more outstanding, and the product market will be transferred gradually from the seller's market to the buyer's. After the issue and implementation of the enterprises technical standards, there will be a stable period. The matter of how to guarantee the products to satisfy the need of the market within this period requires that the enterprise must take the foreseeing of standards into account when developing technical standards, so as to ensure the products to be of persistent competitive power in the market. Here are some things that can show the foreseeing of enterprises technical standards.展开更多
The food industry is evolving toward intelligence and digitalization,but is faced with challenges such as inconsistent standards and poor system compatibility due to lack of unified technical guidance.GB/T 46511-2025,...The food industry is evolving toward intelligence and digitalization,but is faced with challenges such as inconsistent standards and poor system compatibility due to lack of unified technical guidance.GB/T 46511-2025,General technical requirements for food digital factory,the first general technical national standard for food digital factory,was released recently.It bridges the gap in the industry,serving as the technical support and implementation framework for the intelligent and digital transformation of enterprises in the food industry.展开更多
In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees f...In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees for Environmental Protection Products (SAC/TC275), for Safety Management of Agricultural Transgenic Biology (SAC/TC276) and for Testing of New Varieties of Plant (SAC/TC277).The National Standardization Technical Committee for Environmental Protection Products is responsible for the development and revision of national standards in the following fields:展开更多
This paper introduced the development of Technical Safety Standards for Cosmetics(TSSC). It explained changes in TSSC in detail and put forward related suggestions for implementation.
文摘The internationalization of technical standards is a crucial means to promote high-quality economic development,enhance corporate competitiveness,and participate in global economic governance.Drawing widespread academic attention,this paper systematically reviews existing research on the internationalization of technical standards,covering aspects such as the concept of technical internationalization,challenges and countermeasures,influencing factors,and the relationship between technological innovation and technical standards.The aim is to advance the refinement of related technical fields and provide theoretical support and guidance for practical activities in the internationalization of technical standards.
文摘Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environmental technical standards influence the manufacturing industry in reducing emissions and improving efficiency(i.e.green transition).Furthermore,drawing upon enterprise samples from the databases of Chinese Industrial Enterprises and Chinese Industrial Pollution Sources from Major Monitored Enterprises,it empirically validates the results of the theoretical analysis.Overall,our research reveals that environmental technical standards can propel manufacturing enterprises to reduce pollution and increase productivity by following an incremental path of technological transformation,thereby achieving a green transition.Moreover,environmental technical standards indirectly promote green technology innovation in the upstream equipment manufacturing enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis further shows that environmental technical standards have a stronger effect of green transition on those companies with higher pollution emission intensity,lower productivity,slower capital renewal and stronger financing capacity prior to implementing the environmental policies.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development Strategy Research Project of Tianjin(13ZLZLZF08900)
文摘This paper presents the game of production technical standards between downstream and upstream suppliers on a manufacturing supply chain network when the two parties have different partnership densities, namely, the numbers of replaceable and mature manufacturing partners. We firstly constructed a manufacturing chain network and analyzed its three relationship structures among suppliers with the presence of different relationship densities, and found that all the three relationships brought about the game of production technical standards between partnership-rich and partnership-scanty suppliers. Then we built a two-party payoff matrix, and analyzed the two-party game and evolutionary stable strategy, based on replication dynamic equation and asymmetric evolutionary game theory. The evolutionary stable strategies of two parties under varying payoff parameters were validated through numerical simulation. Finally, we proposed some suggestions for both those manufacturers with more partners and fewer partners, respectively.
文摘In this paper, the international status of the research on the technical standards of smart grids is overviewed. An approach using the SLO principle to establish the technical standard system of strong & smart grids is put forward. A four-layered structure for the system is expounded, which consists of 8 domains, 26 technical fields, 92 standard series and hundreds of standards.
文摘With new requirements proposed for technical standards work under the new circumstances,the article combining with the practice of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company Limited(WISCO)points out that enterprises must improve the work pattern of standards development and revision,and strengthen the standards implementation management and product quality supervision,so that technical standards can serve as a bridge between technologies and industrialization,support the industrial upgrading and structural optimization,create conditions for promoting trade and unify the market and provides means for global competition,helping enterprises to better cope with the increasing market competition.
文摘China is the largest country in the trade of juvenile products in the world. However, the products suffered the loss of technical barriers to trade from Europe and the United States of America increased year by year. This paper analyzes the standard system of juvenile product<span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> in Europe and the United States of America with the method of standard comparison, to find its relative technical advantages, explore the reasons for the recall notification of juvenile product</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-family:;" "=""> exported to the above regions by China, propose strategies for breaking down the technical measures of trade, and promote the development of international juvenile product export trade.</span>
文摘At the first working meeting of the 'Key Technical Standard PromotionProject', an important project of the national scientific and technical support plan during the'11th Five Year' held recently in Beijing, the first group of 11 research topics for the 'KeyTechnical Standard Promotion Project' was formally introduced. According to Ms. Yu Xinli, who is incharge of the project as Deputy Director of the China National Institute of Standardization, theproject comprises four aspects: the international standards key breakthrough project, the technicalstandards promotion project of adapting technical trade measures, the technical standards innovationproject of basic public welfare, and the technical standard enhancement project of public security.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program Project“Research and Application of Common Technologies for National Quality Foundation:Research on Key Technical Standards for Coalbed Methane,Shale Gas and Modern Coal Chemical Industry”(No.2018YFF0213800).
文摘Shale gas is as an emerging industry and its development is highly concerned in China.Under the guidance and support of national industrial policies,shale gas industry develops rapidly and has already stepped into the stage of large-scale exploitation of shale gas buried less than 3500 m deep underground.In order to standardize the healthy and rapid development of shale gas industry,ensure available standards for the national supervision on shale gas exploration and development and quickly copy the technologies in the efficient exploration and development of shale gas,it is necessary to formulate the technical standards and technical standard system of the whole shale gas industry chain.In this paper,the current situations of shale gas exploration and development technologies in China were analyzed.Then the role and significance of the formulation of shale gas technical standards in promoting the progress of shale gas technologies were described in detail.Finally,the devel-opment direction of shale gas exploration technology and standard formulation was predicted.And the following research results were obtained.First,China has established the exploration and development theories and technical systems that are in line with national conditions,and 27 distinguished technologies of 6 technical series have been developed,including comprehensive geological evaluation of shale gas,development optimization,optimized and fast drilling of horizontal wells,stimulated reservoir volume of horizontal wells,factory-like operation,and distinguished,efficient and clean exploitation.Second,173 distinguished shale gas standards have been formulated,and they provide a powerful support for the quality and fast development of China's shale gas industry.The annual output of shale gas in 2019 is 143.6108 m^(3).In conclusion,the construction of shale gas technical standard system promotes the continuous improvement of shale gas exploration and development technologies,impels the significant upgrading of technical level and ensures the all-around HSE control.
文摘Under the condition of market economy, the need for products to be characteristic is getting more and more outstanding, and the product market will be transferred gradually from the seller's market to the buyer's. After the issue and implementation of the enterprises technical standards, there will be a stable period. The matter of how to guarantee the products to satisfy the need of the market within this period requires that the enterprise must take the foreseeing of standards into account when developing technical standards, so as to ensure the products to be of persistent competitive power in the market. Here are some things that can show the foreseeing of enterprises technical standards.
文摘The food industry is evolving toward intelligence and digitalization,but is faced with challenges such as inconsistent standards and poor system compatibility due to lack of unified technical guidance.GB/T 46511-2025,General technical requirements for food digital factory,the first general technical national standard for food digital factory,was released recently.It bridges the gap in the industry,serving as the technical support and implementation framework for the intelligent and digital transformation of enterprises in the food industry.
文摘In December, 2004, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has approved the establishments of three National Standardization Technical Committees. They are the National Standardization Technical Committees for Environmental Protection Products (SAC/TC275), for Safety Management of Agricultural Transgenic Biology (SAC/TC276) and for Testing of New Varieties of Plant (SAC/TC277).The National Standardization Technical Committee for Environmental Protection Products is responsible for the development and revision of national standards in the following fields:
文摘This paper introduced the development of Technical Safety Standards for Cosmetics(TSSC). It explained changes in TSSC in detail and put forward related suggestions for implementation.
