Bangladesh is a flood prone country where precipitation amount is irregular but sometimes extreme. Among the climatic parameters, precipitation is assumed as one of the vital indicators of ongoing climate change scena...Bangladesh is a flood prone country where precipitation amount is irregular but sometimes extreme. Among the climatic parameters, precipitation is assumed as one of the vital indicators of ongoing climate change scenarios and is equally important for tea production. In this study, 7 and 9 tea estates of Sylhet and Sreemangal were selected to analyze tea production in relation to extreme precipitation intensity. Precipitation patterns namely 90<sup>th</sup>, 95<sup>th</sup> and 99<sup>th</sup> percentile were analyzed to find out the contribution of extreme precipitation and tea production. To attain the objectives, 3 hourly, daily, monthly, and total precipitation data from 1971 to 2014 were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department and Bangladesh Agricultural Development Board. Tea production data were collected from Bangladesh Tea Board, Sylhet. To find out extreme level of precipitation 90<sup>th</sup>, 95<sup>th</sup>, 99<sup>th</sup> percentile precipitation days were identified and analyzed. The analyses show that 1974, 1976, 1977, 1993, 1988, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 were extreme precipitation years. The average precipitation of Sylhet was higher in 2000 than in 1992 and 2014. In Sreemangal, extreme precipitation was higher in 2014 than in 1992 and 2000. For both the regions, tea production was higher in 2000 and lower in 1992 and 2014. The result shows that more extreme precipitation was responsible for higher amount of tea production. The results suggest that extreme precipitation intensity was one of the responsible factors for higher amount of tea production in Sylhet and Sreemangal.展开更多
Tea is a very important cash crop in Rwanda, as it provides crucial income and employment for farmers in poor rural areas. From 2017 to 2020, this study was intended to determine the impact of seasonal rainfall on tea...Tea is a very important cash crop in Rwanda, as it provides crucial income and employment for farmers in poor rural areas. From 2017 to 2020, this study was intended to determine the impact of seasonal rainfall on tea output in Rwanda while still considering temperature, plot size (land), and fertiliser for tea plantations in three of Rwanda’s western, southern, and northern provinces, western province with “Gisovu” and “Nyabihu”, southern with “Kitabi”, and northern with “Mulindi” tea company. The study tested the level of statistical significance of all considered variables in different formulation of panel data models to assess individual behaviour of independent variables that would affect tea production. According to this study, a positive change in rainfall of 1 mm will increase tea production by 0.215 percentage points of tons of fresh leaves. Rainfall is a statistically significant variable among all variables with a positive impact on tea output Qitin Rwanda’s Western, Southern, and Northern provinces. Rainfall availability favourably affects tea output and supports our claim. Therefore, there is a need for collaboration efforts towards developing sustainable adaptation and mitigation options against climate change, targeting tea farming and the government to ensure that tea policy reforms are targeted towards raising the competitiveness of Rwandan tea at local and global market.展开更多
Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,is one of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS） sites in Japan.Chagusaba provide an important habitat for natural plant specie...Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,is one of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS） sites in Japan.Chagusaba provide an important habitat for natural plant species.In this study,we investigated the flora in Chagusaba and environmental factors to affect the number of native species estimated their diversity.Fifty Chagusaba were classified in to five vegetation types by Two-way indicator species analysis.In addition,high number of native plant species Chagusaba had low soil p H,covered large areas,and were in places where the land had not been modified.Through statistical analysis（GLM）,we found that land modification had an especially significant effect on the diversity of native plants,and that the diversity of native plants was reflected in the history of the use of the land.展开更多
Extraction of theanine from waste liquid of tea polyphenol production was studied in aqueous surfactanttwo-phase system （ASTP） with cationic surfactant （CTAB） and anionic surfactant （SDS）. Results indicate that ...Extraction of theanine from waste liquid of tea polyphenol production was studied in aqueous surfactanttwo-phase system （ASTP） with cationic surfactant （CTAB） and anionic surfactant （SDS）. Results indicate that the region of ASTP is narrow and there is only a two-phase region of cationic surfactant. The increase in concentrations of NaBr and Na2SO4 are beneficial to the formation of ASTP. Theanine concentration in the bottom phase increases with increasing concentration of theanine, whereas the Partition coefficient and extraction rate only change a littlewhen the concentration of theanine is above 0.2 g.L-＇. With the increase of SDS concentration, the phase ratio and the partition coefficient decrease, while the extraction efficiency of theanine increases and the concentration of theanine changes a little in the range from 2.4/7.5 to 2.8/7.2 for SDS/CTAB ratio. The temperature has a notable ef- fect on the concentration of theanine in the bottom phase, partition coefficient and extraction rate of theanine. The increase of waste liquid decreases the phase ratio, increases the concentration and extraction rate of theanine in the bottom ohase, since the orotein and the saccharide enter the bottom nhase with theanine.展开更多
Coupled with partial least squares(PLS),near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy was applied to develop a fast and nondestructive method to identify the production date of Rizhao green tea aiming at the deficiencies of the exis...Coupled with partial least squares(PLS),near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy was applied to develop a fast and nondestructive method to identify the production date of Rizhao green tea aiming at the deficiencies of the existing methods.In the modeling process,the raw spectra were first processed by five-point smoothing and first derivative.And then,moving window back propagation artificial neural network(MW-BP-ANN)was applied to select the characteristic spectral variables.After that,the calibration model was built by PLS,and the optimum model was achieved when 9 principal component scores(PCs)were included.The performances of the calibration models were evaluated according to root mean square error of predictionεRMSEP,correlation coefficient(C p)and residual prediction deviation(σRPD).The optimum results of the calibration model was achieved,andεRMSEP=19.965,C p=0.943 andσRPD=3.07.The overall results sufficiently demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy combined with PLS can be efficiently applied in the rapid identification of green tea production date.展开更多
The Chinese tea drinking habit started during the Qin and Han dynasties,and had its origin in Bashu.During the Tang and Song dynasties,Bashu tea reached a high level of production with large sales.As the birthplace of...The Chinese tea drinking habit started during the Qin and Han dynasties,and had its origin in Bashu.During the Tang and Song dynasties,Bashu tea reached a high level of production with large sales.As the birthplace of the tea culture,Bashu has made great contributions to both the Chinese and global tea culture.展开更多
Neuronal injuries such as stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury are leading causes of major disability and death.Chronic therapy for these neuronal injuries requires the promotion of axonal regeneration...Neuronal injuries such as stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury are leading causes of major disability and death.Chronic therapy for these neuronal injuries requires the promotion of axonal regeneration from the remaining neurons（Schwab and Strittmatter,2014）.展开更多
Yingshan Yunwu tea was a characteristic agricultural product in Hubei Province.It possesses special flavor and great taste.However,the lack of Yunwu tea products made it lose competition in the market.In this study,th...Yingshan Yunwu tea was a characteristic agricultural product in Hubei Province.It possesses special flavor and great taste.However,the lack of Yunwu tea products made it lose competition in the market.In this study,the peanuts with Yingshan Yunwu tea flavor were cooked,and the effect of factors on the sensory test was investigated.The single-factor experiment was performed to study all factors on the sensory score of the peanut,including tea amount,salt amount,sugar amount,flavor amount and cooking time.Then,response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design were carried out,and the optimal formulation composition was 100 g peanuts,500 mL of water,25 g tea,5 g salt,8 g sugar and 1 g tea flavor with a sensory score of 94.3 points.This study demonstrated that the peanuts with Yingshan Yunwu flavor could be a valuable product for the market and contribute to promoting practical application of Yingshan Yunwu tea.展开更多
茶香缱绻,文化悠长,健康时尚与历史在杯中交融。Tea,the world’s second most popular drink after water,has a rich history and cultural significance.In 2019,the United Nations set up International Tea Day,which is held eve...茶香缱绻,文化悠长,健康时尚与历史在杯中交融。Tea,the world’s second most popular drink after water,has a rich history and cultural significance.In 2019,the United Nations set up International Tea Day,which is held every year on May 21.It’s a day to honor tea’s economic,social,and health contributions.In 2025,the event will highlight women in tea production,emphasizing fair treatment for female workers globally.展开更多
Camellia taliensis belonging to Camellia sect.Thea(Theaceae)is distributed from the western and south-western areas of Yunnan Province,China to the north of Myanmar.Known as the"wild"tea plant,it has been co...Camellia taliensis belonging to Camellia sect.Thea(Theaceae)is distributed from the western and south-western areas of Yunnan Province,China to the north of Myanmar.Known as the"wild"tea plant,it has been com-monly used for making tea by the local people of its growing area.It is the first investigation of the volatile constituents of the fresh tender leaves of C.taliensis and green teas produced from its tender and older leaves.The volatile constituents were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS.Ninety-one compounds were identified.The results showed that the main compositions of volatile oil of the fresh tender leaves were hexadecanoic acid(30.52%),linoleic acid(19.82%),phytol(8.75%),and geraniol(2.54%),while monoterpenoids(58.51%)composing of linalool(28.43%),hotrienol(1.13%),a-terpineol(11.68%),nerol(4.92%)and geraniol(12.34%)were the major volatile components of its green tea product.From the fresh leaves to the green tea products,28 aro-ma components were formed.Among then,the content of(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrien-l-ol(peak 77)was up to 1.21%(from tender leaves)and 11.2%(from older leaves),respectively.The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays demonstrated a moderate activity of essential oil from the three essential oils of C.taliensis.展开更多
文摘Bangladesh is a flood prone country where precipitation amount is irregular but sometimes extreme. Among the climatic parameters, precipitation is assumed as one of the vital indicators of ongoing climate change scenarios and is equally important for tea production. In this study, 7 and 9 tea estates of Sylhet and Sreemangal were selected to analyze tea production in relation to extreme precipitation intensity. Precipitation patterns namely 90<sup>th</sup>, 95<sup>th</sup> and 99<sup>th</sup> percentile were analyzed to find out the contribution of extreme precipitation and tea production. To attain the objectives, 3 hourly, daily, monthly, and total precipitation data from 1971 to 2014 were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department and Bangladesh Agricultural Development Board. Tea production data were collected from Bangladesh Tea Board, Sylhet. To find out extreme level of precipitation 90<sup>th</sup>, 95<sup>th</sup>, 99<sup>th</sup> percentile precipitation days were identified and analyzed. The analyses show that 1974, 1976, 1977, 1993, 1988, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 were extreme precipitation years. The average precipitation of Sylhet was higher in 2000 than in 1992 and 2014. In Sreemangal, extreme precipitation was higher in 2014 than in 1992 and 2000. For both the regions, tea production was higher in 2000 and lower in 1992 and 2014. The result shows that more extreme precipitation was responsible for higher amount of tea production. The results suggest that extreme precipitation intensity was one of the responsible factors for higher amount of tea production in Sylhet and Sreemangal.
文摘Tea is a very important cash crop in Rwanda, as it provides crucial income and employment for farmers in poor rural areas. From 2017 to 2020, this study was intended to determine the impact of seasonal rainfall on tea output in Rwanda while still considering temperature, plot size (land), and fertiliser for tea plantations in three of Rwanda’s western, southern, and northern provinces, western province with “Gisovu” and “Nyabihu”, southern with “Kitabi”, and northern with “Mulindi” tea company. The study tested the level of statistical significance of all considered variables in different formulation of panel data models to assess individual behaviour of independent variables that would affect tea production. According to this study, a positive change in rainfall of 1 mm will increase tea production by 0.215 percentage points of tons of fresh leaves. Rainfall is a statistically significant variable among all variables with a positive impact on tea output Qitin Rwanda’s Western, Southern, and Northern provinces. Rainfall availability favourably affects tea output and supports our claim. Therefore, there is a need for collaboration efforts towards developing sustainable adaptation and mitigation options against climate change, targeting tea farming and the government to ensure that tea policy reforms are targeted towards raising the competitiveness of Rwandan tea at local and global market.
文摘Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,is one of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS） sites in Japan.Chagusaba provide an important habitat for natural plant species.In this study,we investigated the flora in Chagusaba and environmental factors to affect the number of native species estimated their diversity.Fifty Chagusaba were classified in to five vegetation types by Two-way indicator species analysis.In addition,high number of native plant species Chagusaba had low soil p H,covered large areas,and were in places where the land had not been modified.Through statistical analysis（GLM）,we found that land modification had an especially significant effect on the diversity of native plants,and that the diversity of native plants was reflected in the history of the use of the land.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP11205)
文摘Extraction of theanine from waste liquid of tea polyphenol production was studied in aqueous surfactanttwo-phase system （ASTP） with cationic surfactant （CTAB） and anionic surfactant （SDS）. Results indicate that the region of ASTP is narrow and there is only a two-phase region of cationic surfactant. The increase in concentrations of NaBr and Na2SO4 are beneficial to the formation of ASTP. Theanine concentration in the bottom phase increases with increasing concentration of theanine, whereas the Partition coefficient and extraction rate only change a littlewhen the concentration of theanine is above 0.2 g.L-＇. With the increase of SDS concentration, the phase ratio and the partition coefficient decrease, while the extraction efficiency of theanine increases and the concentration of theanine changes a little in the range from 2.4/7.5 to 2.8/7.2 for SDS/CTAB ratio. The temperature has a notable ef- fect on the concentration of theanine in the bottom phase, partition coefficient and extraction rate of theanine. The increase of waste liquid decreases the phase ratio, increases the concentration and extraction rate of theanine in the bottom ohase, since the orotein and the saccharide enter the bottom nhase with theanine.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(No.JSJL2016210A001)State Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology Fund(No.SKT1507)
文摘Coupled with partial least squares(PLS),near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy was applied to develop a fast and nondestructive method to identify the production date of Rizhao green tea aiming at the deficiencies of the existing methods.In the modeling process,the raw spectra were first processed by five-point smoothing and first derivative.And then,moving window back propagation artificial neural network(MW-BP-ANN)was applied to select the characteristic spectral variables.After that,the calibration model was built by PLS,and the optimum model was achieved when 9 principal component scores(PCs)were included.The performances of the calibration models were evaluated according to root mean square error of predictionεRMSEP,correlation coefficient(C p)and residual prediction deviation(σRPD).The optimum results of the calibration model was achieved,andεRMSEP=19.965,C p=0.943 andσRPD=3.07.The overall results sufficiently demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy combined with PLS can be efficiently applied in the rapid identification of green tea production date.
文摘The Chinese tea drinking habit started during the Qin and Han dynasties,and had its origin in Bashu.During the Tang and Song dynasties,Bashu tea reached a high level of production with large sales.As the birthplace of the tea culture,Bashu has made great contributions to both the Chinese and global tea culture.
文摘Neuronal injuries such as stroke,traumatic brain injury,and spinal cord injury are leading causes of major disability and death.Chronic therapy for these neuronal injuries requires the promotion of axonal regeneration from the remaining neurons（Schwab and Strittmatter,2014）.
基金Supported by Youth Talent Project of Education Department Scientific Research Plan of Hubei Province(Q20232904).
文摘Yingshan Yunwu tea was a characteristic agricultural product in Hubei Province.It possesses special flavor and great taste.However,the lack of Yunwu tea products made it lose competition in the market.In this study,the peanuts with Yingshan Yunwu tea flavor were cooked,and the effect of factors on the sensory test was investigated.The single-factor experiment was performed to study all factors on the sensory score of the peanut,including tea amount,salt amount,sugar amount,flavor amount and cooking time.Then,response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design were carried out,and the optimal formulation composition was 100 g peanuts,500 mL of water,25 g tea,5 g salt,8 g sugar and 1 g tea flavor with a sensory score of 94.3 points.This study demonstrated that the peanuts with Yingshan Yunwu flavor could be a valuable product for the market and contribute to promoting practical application of Yingshan Yunwu tea.
文摘茶香缱绻,文化悠长,健康时尚与历史在杯中交融。Tea,the world’s second most popular drink after water,has a rich history and cultural significance.In 2019,the United Nations set up International Tea Day,which is held every year on May 21.It’s a day to honor tea’s economic,social,and health contributions.In 2025,the event will highlight women in tea production,emphasizing fair treatment for female workers globally.
文摘Camellia taliensis belonging to Camellia sect.Thea(Theaceae)is distributed from the western and south-western areas of Yunnan Province,China to the north of Myanmar.Known as the"wild"tea plant,it has been com-monly used for making tea by the local people of its growing area.It is the first investigation of the volatile constituents of the fresh tender leaves of C.taliensis and green teas produced from its tender and older leaves.The volatile constituents were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS.Ninety-one compounds were identified.The results showed that the main compositions of volatile oil of the fresh tender leaves were hexadecanoic acid(30.52%),linoleic acid(19.82%),phytol(8.75%),and geraniol(2.54%),while monoterpenoids(58.51%)composing of linalool(28.43%),hotrienol(1.13%),a-terpineol(11.68%),nerol(4.92%)and geraniol(12.34%)were the major volatile components of its green tea product.From the fresh leaves to the green tea products,28 aro-ma components were formed.Among then,the content of(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrien-l-ol(peak 77)was up to 1.21%(from tender leaves)and 11.2%(from older leaves),respectively.The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays demonstrated a moderate activity of essential oil from the three essential oils of C.taliensis.
