Driven by the trend of device miniaturization and high-density integration,the interaction between adjacent electrodes has become a critical factor affecting the interfacial reliability of thermoelectric(TE)structures...Driven by the trend of device miniaturization and high-density integration,the interaction between adjacent electrodes has become a critical factor affecting the interfacial reliability of thermoelectric(TE)structures.This study investigates the influence of adjoining electrode interactions on the interfacial response of a multi-electrode/TE substrate structure,including interfacial stresses and stress intensity factors at the electrode ends.To solve the corresponding boundary-value problem,the Fourier transforms are adopted to derive a governing integro-differential equation for the interfacial shear stress in multi-electrode systems,incorporating the TE effects as generalized forces on the right-hand side.The results show that both the interfacial tension and transverse stress in the electrodes are significantly affected by the presence of adjacent electrodes.The interaction between neighboring electrodes diminishes as their spacing increases or when an adhesive interlayer is introduced.Furthermore,the softer and thinner electrodes,the softer and thicker adhesive interlayer,and the smaller TE loads are found to be beneficial for improving the interfacial performance.These findings may contribute to the accurate measurement in surface sensors and layout design of multi-point health monitoring systems for TE structures.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its ...Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.展开更多
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading cereal crop, with production estimated at over 1 billion tonnes in 2022. In Côte d’Ivoire, maize is one of the most widely consumed foods, with national production exc...Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading cereal crop, with production estimated at over 1 billion tonnes in 2022. In Côte d’Ivoire, maize is one of the most widely consumed foods, with national production exceeding 1 million tonnes in 2022. Despite its importance, this crop is subject to numerous biotic constraints, including Maize streak virus (MSV). The objective of this study was to characterize MSV isolates from Côte d’Ivoire using molecular biology techniques. To achieve this, maize leaf samples displaying characteristic symptoms of MSV were collected from different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Côte d’Ivoire. Total DNA was extracted from the collected samples using the CTAB method and quantified with a Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The C2 region of the MSV genome’s open reading frame (ORF) was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using MSV-specific primers. The resulting PCR products were sequenced using the Sanger method. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using MSV sequences from other African countries (retrieved from NCBI) alongside sequences obtained in this study. The analysis was conducted using MEGA X version 10.05 software. The results showed that the main symptoms observed in the field included the presence of longitudinal light green streaks on leaves, stunted plant growth, and incomplete seed development in infected plants. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from Côte d’Ivoire revealed three monophyletic groups, with sequences of some isolates collected from the same plot belonging to different groups. The MSV sequences from Côte d’Ivoire are very close to those from Rwanda. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the genetic diversity of MSV strains to enhance the diagnosis and management of this viral disease, which is particularly prevalent in maize crops in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using de...This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results showed that local Lagoon breeders are divided into two zones: southwest and southeast. Breeders in the south-western region are generally located in two sub-prefectures of the Tabou Department (Grabo and Oulodio). Tabou’s department alone accounts for 42% of the Lagoon breed in Côte d’Ivoire. Agriculture in this area is traditionally sedentary, practiced for social reasons. On the other hand, the south-eastern zone, located in the departments of Aboisso, Adzopé, Agboville, Grand-Lahou, Jacqueville, Abidjan, Dabou and Sikensi, represents 58% of the Lagoon breeding area in Côte d’Ivoire. This second group is characterised by improved breeding. Most of the farmers interviewed in this zone breed for economic reasons. However, the risk of cross-breeding, which already affects the local Lagoon breed, could be increased by the presence of other species such as the Zebu and Ndamas, or even the Baoulé, in this south-eastern herd.展开更多
The study investigates the partial slip contact problem between thermoelectric material and periodic punches including flat and cylindrical punches under various loading conditions,including normal force,energy flux,a...The study investigates the partial slip contact problem between thermoelectric material and periodic punches including flat and cylindrical punches under various loading conditions,including normal force,energy flux,and electric current density.When developing and enhancing thermoelectric devices intended for energy harvesting and temperature regulation,the relationship between punch geometry and thermoelectric material plays a crucial role.The periodic contact problem leads to the formation of a singular integral equation with a Hilbert kernel,distinguishing it from the traditional Cauchy kernel.It delves into the impact of the thermo-electric-mechanical coupling effect on the evolution of stick-slip zone length and contact stress during partial slip.By formulating the current nonlinear problem into a set of singular integral equations,the study identifies primary variables,including normal and tangential contact stresses,as well as slip and stick zones.The partial contact problem is further simplified by applying the Goodman approximation,enabling an iterative approach to determine the stick-slip zone,contact zone size,and stress distribution.Notably,the research reveals that factors such as the shape of the punch,the coefficient of friction,and TE parameters significantly influence stress strength and the characteristics of the stick-slip zone.展开更多
Quasi one-dimensional polycrystalline samples of Ba_(3)Hf(Se_(1-x)Te_(x))_(5)(x=0-1)are synthesized under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions.Using the powder x-ray diffraction technique and first-principles ...Quasi one-dimensional polycrystalline samples of Ba_(3)Hf(Se_(1-x)Te_(x))_(5)(x=0-1)are synthesized under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions.Using the powder x-ray diffraction technique and first-principles calculations,Ba_(3)HfSe_(5)is identified as having a hexagonal structure with a space group of P63/mcm(193)and lattice constants of a=9.5756(1)A°,c=6.3802(7)A°.The structure is composed of Hf(Se1)6 chains and Se_(2)linear chains extending along the c-axis.As the doping content of Te increases,the lattice expands and leads to 5.8%and 7.3%increases of the a and c values and a 20.1%increase of the unit cell volume of Ba_(3)HfTe_(5)compared to Ba_(3)HfSe_(5).The detailed structural refinements show that the Hf vacancies decrease gradually as Te doping increases in the Ba_(3)Hf(Se_(1-x)Te_(x))_(5)(x=0-1)materials,which leads to a decrease of electronic localization.In addition,the lower electronegativity of Te and the more extended orbitals with respect to Se contribute to orbital overlap between the inter chains.All these dominate the enhanced electron hopping,leading to a reduction of the bandgap from 1.95 eV to 0.23 eV for Ba_(3)Hf(Se_(1-x)Te_(x))_(5)(x=0-1)materials as the Ba_(3)HfSe_(5)evolves to Ba_(3)HfTe_(5).展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12502117,12272269,11972257)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia of China(No.2024AAC03018)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Shanghai Gaofeng Project for University Academic Program Development。
文摘Driven by the trend of device miniaturization and high-density integration,the interaction between adjacent electrodes has become a critical factor affecting the interfacial reliability of thermoelectric(TE)structures.This study investigates the influence of adjoining electrode interactions on the interfacial response of a multi-electrode/TE substrate structure,including interfacial stresses and stress intensity factors at the electrode ends.To solve the corresponding boundary-value problem,the Fourier transforms are adopted to derive a governing integro-differential equation for the interfacial shear stress in multi-electrode systems,incorporating the TE effects as generalized forces on the right-hand side.The results show that both the interfacial tension and transverse stress in the electrodes are significantly affected by the presence of adjacent electrodes.The interaction between neighboring electrodes diminishes as their spacing increases or when an adhesive interlayer is introduced.Furthermore,the softer and thinner electrodes,the softer and thicker adhesive interlayer,and the smaller TE loads are found to be beneficial for improving the interfacial performance.These findings may contribute to the accurate measurement in surface sensors and layout design of multi-point health monitoring systems for TE structures.
文摘Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.
文摘Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s leading cereal crop, with production estimated at over 1 billion tonnes in 2022. In Côte d’Ivoire, maize is one of the most widely consumed foods, with national production exceeding 1 million tonnes in 2022. Despite its importance, this crop is subject to numerous biotic constraints, including Maize streak virus (MSV). The objective of this study was to characterize MSV isolates from Côte d’Ivoire using molecular biology techniques. To achieve this, maize leaf samples displaying characteristic symptoms of MSV were collected from different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Côte d’Ivoire. Total DNA was extracted from the collected samples using the CTAB method and quantified with a Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The C2 region of the MSV genome’s open reading frame (ORF) was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using MSV-specific primers. The resulting PCR products were sequenced using the Sanger method. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using MSV sequences from other African countries (retrieved from NCBI) alongside sequences obtained in this study. The analysis was conducted using MEGA X version 10.05 software. The results showed that the main symptoms observed in the field included the presence of longitudinal light green streaks on leaves, stunted plant growth, and incomplete seed development in infected plants. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from Côte d’Ivoire revealed three monophyletic groups, with sequences of some isolates collected from the same plot belonging to different groups. The MSV sequences from Côte d’Ivoire are very close to those from Rwanda. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the genetic diversity of MSV strains to enhance the diagnosis and management of this viral disease, which is particularly prevalent in maize crops in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results showed that local Lagoon breeders are divided into two zones: southwest and southeast. Breeders in the south-western region are generally located in two sub-prefectures of the Tabou Department (Grabo and Oulodio). Tabou’s department alone accounts for 42% of the Lagoon breed in Côte d’Ivoire. Agriculture in this area is traditionally sedentary, practiced for social reasons. On the other hand, the south-eastern zone, located in the departments of Aboisso, Adzopé, Agboville, Grand-Lahou, Jacqueville, Abidjan, Dabou and Sikensi, represents 58% of the Lagoon breeding area in Côte d’Ivoire. This second group is characterised by improved breeding. Most of the farmers interviewed in this zone breed for economic reasons. However, the risk of cross-breeding, which already affects the local Lagoon breed, could be increased by the presence of other species such as the Zebu and Ndamas, or even the Baoulé, in this south-eastern herd.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12262033,12272269,12062021,and 12062022)the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Training Project of China(Grant Nos.2020GKLRLX01 and 2022GKLRLX04)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(Grant No.2023AAC02003)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research,and Shanghai Gaofeng Project for University Academic Program Development.
文摘The study investigates the partial slip contact problem between thermoelectric material and periodic punches including flat and cylindrical punches under various loading conditions,including normal force,energy flux,and electric current density.When developing and enhancing thermoelectric devices intended for energy harvesting and temperature regulation,the relationship between punch geometry and thermoelectric material plays a crucial role.The periodic contact problem leads to the formation of a singular integral equation with a Hilbert kernel,distinguishing it from the traditional Cauchy kernel.It delves into the impact of the thermo-electric-mechanical coupling effect on the evolution of stick-slip zone length and contact stress during partial slip.By formulating the current nonlinear problem into a set of singular integral equations,the study identifies primary variables,including normal and tangential contact stresses,as well as slip and stick zones.The partial contact problem is further simplified by applying the Goodman approximation,enabling an iterative approach to determine the stick-slip zone,contact zone size,and stress distribution.Notably,the research reveals that factors such as the shape of the punch,the coefficient of friction,and TE parameters significantly influence stress strength and the characteristics of the stick-slip zone.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406001 and 2024YFA1408004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12104488 and 12474097).
文摘Quasi one-dimensional polycrystalline samples of Ba_(3)Hf(Se_(1-x)Te_(x))_(5)(x=0-1)are synthesized under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions.Using the powder x-ray diffraction technique and first-principles calculations,Ba_(3)HfSe_(5)is identified as having a hexagonal structure with a space group of P63/mcm(193)and lattice constants of a=9.5756(1)A°,c=6.3802(7)A°.The structure is composed of Hf(Se1)6 chains and Se_(2)linear chains extending along the c-axis.As the doping content of Te increases,the lattice expands and leads to 5.8%and 7.3%increases of the a and c values and a 20.1%increase of the unit cell volume of Ba_(3)HfTe_(5)compared to Ba_(3)HfSe_(5).The detailed structural refinements show that the Hf vacancies decrease gradually as Te doping increases in the Ba_(3)Hf(Se_(1-x)Te_(x))_(5)(x=0-1)materials,which leads to a decrease of electronic localization.In addition,the lower electronegativity of Te and the more extended orbitals with respect to Se contribute to orbital overlap between the inter chains.All these dominate the enhanced electron hopping,leading to a reduction of the bandgap from 1.95 eV to 0.23 eV for Ba_(3)Hf(Se_(1-x)Te_(x))_(5)(x=0-1)materials as the Ba_(3)HfSe_(5)evolves to Ba_(3)HfTe_(5).
