With the support of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),the international reach of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is taking shape as a“Silk Road of Health,”opening new pathways for closer connections among peoples.T...With the support of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),the international reach of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is taking shape as a“Silk Road of Health,”opening new pathways for closer connections among peoples.The journey of TCM,in turn.展开更多
为了将列车数据应用到实际运营工作中,本文设计了一种车辆分析系统。该系统实现了对网络控制系统(Train Control and Management System,TCMS)数据的接收、校验、存储、计算、展示等全生命周期管理,并将数据用于分析统计、故障预警等,...为了将列车数据应用到实际运营工作中,本文设计了一种车辆分析系统。该系统实现了对网络控制系统(Train Control and Management System,TCMS)数据的接收、校验、存储、计算、展示等全生命周期管理,并将数据用于分析统计、故障预警等,为地面运营工作提供辅助决策支撑。展开更多
当前“中医”主要有“Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)”与“Chinese Medicine(CM)”两种译法。国际上对这两种译法的接受度和使用率较高,但“TCM”与“CM”有着各自不同的特点和语境。在不同的语境中,选择合适的翻译形式对于准确传...当前“中医”主要有“Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)”与“Chinese Medicine(CM)”两种译法。国际上对这两种译法的接受度和使用率较高,但“TCM”与“CM”有着各自不同的特点和语境。在不同的语境中,选择合适的翻译形式对于准确传达“中医”概念至关重要。本文分析了“中医”的内涵及当前国内外对其的英译情况,并在此基础上提出了关于“中医”英译的思考。展开更多
Background:The I Ching,or the Book of Changes,in the Han Dynasty was mainly based on symbolism and mathematics and was combined with the astronomical calendar that was popular at the time,forming a theory of hexagram ...Background:The I Ching,or the Book of Changes,in the Han Dynasty was mainly based on symbolism and mathematics and was combined with the astronomical calendar that was popular at the time,forming a theory of hexagram Qi(the life force or vital energy,Qi is the dialectical unity of the spirit and matter of the human body and nature)as the main focus.The people of the Han Dynasty believed that the development and changes in cosmic and human society were consistent with the changes in the hexagrams.Therefore,exploring the construction of the theoretical system of medical epistemology by the philosophy of the I Ching will help to inherit better and develop TCM today.Methods:This paper mainly uses the analysis method of literature review,including famous ancient books on TCM from the Han Dynasties to the Song,Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties and the cosmological concept of Yin-Yang,the Five Elements,and the unity of man and nature in Chinese philosophy.Results:This article provides a new explanation of the theory of I Ching in the Han Dynasty on the thinking mode of the epistemology of TCM from three aspects:(1)The“unchangeable”theoretical basis of image-numerical thinking;(2)The“simple”way of life with one Yin and one Yang;and(3)The“cosmology”view of the evolution of life.Conclusion:This shows that TCM,at its inception in the Han Dynasty,consciously used a rational thinking attitude to construct a harmonious and unified cosmic view of life in which heaven,earth,and man are of the same origin and holographic structure.This philosophy of life is that humanity is the comprehensive embodiment and development of the Way of Heaven.It is also the field where TCM,as an original life science,makes fundamental contributions to human health today.However,the specific historical limitations,such as the Han Dynasty’s reliance on cosmological analogies,may lack empirical rigor compared to modern scientific standards.Also,TCM’s subjective interpretations can limit precision.Therefore,integrating TCM’s unique wisdom with modern science methodologies can advance its global relevance in the future.展开更多
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a treasure of China’s traditional medical heritage,embodying the wisdom and cultural depth of the Chinese nation.Higher TCM education shoulders the important responsibility of pres...Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a treasure of China’s traditional medical heritage,embodying the wisdom and cultural depth of the Chinese nation.Higher TCM education shoulders the important responsibility of preserving and advancing TCM,and in today’s context,it offers significant advantages while also facing numerous challenges.Among its strengths are a profound cultural foundation in TCM,utilizing classic texts and unique theories to cultivate students’TCM thinking and competence;diversified teaching methods that integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines,innovate instructional models,and combine traditional with modern educational approaches;a complete teaching system characterized by professional faculty and advanced facilities;and interdisciplinary integration fostering innovation.However,problems persist,including some students lacking confidence in TCM culture due to the influence of Western medicine concepts and the westernization of the educational model;weak practical teaching where theory dominates,practice time is limited,and there are insufficient bases and instructors;and a shortage of faculty resulting in an imbalanced student-to-teacher ratio and an unreasonable structure.To address these issues,it is recommended to enhance cultural confidence,strengthen faculty development,and optimize practical teaching,thereby promoting the sustainable development of higher TCM education and achieving the shared prosperity of TCM education and the TCM profession.展开更多
Background:This essay mainly explores the theoretical roots of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practice in the Han Dynasty.It places individual small lives in the big life of heaven,earth and the universe and looks a...Background:This essay mainly explores the theoretical roots of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practice in the Han Dynasty.It places individual small lives in the big life of heaven,earth and the universe and looks at life’s occurrence,development and death from a broader cosmology perspective,and thus provide the“Great Harmony between Heaven and Human”in the Huangdi Neijing(Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor)of the Han Dynasty.Methods:This paper mainly uses the analysis method of literature review and philosophical concepts.It uses the image-number logic thinking method of I Ching to compare images with analogy and the holistic thinking method of the three-talent view of heaven,earth,and man to understand life.Results:It is mainly reflected in three aspects:(1)One Yin and one Yang are called Tao((1)Yin Yang as the coherent fabric of nature and mind,exhibited in all existence,(2)Yin Yang as Jiao(interaction)between the waxing and waning of the cosmic and human realms,and(3)Yin Yang as a process of harmonization ensuring a constant,dynamic balance of all things);(2)The way of life in the Book of Changes;and(3)The Unity of the Way of Heaven and the Way of TCM.Conclusion:The main medical thought laid the theoretical foundation of early practice and the development model of life cognition.It is still worthy of continuous exploration,development,and innovation in contemporary philosophy and life sciences.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM...[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM pharmacies.[Methods]First,the nourishing formula was prepared and packaged in bags.Under the three storage conditions of 37℃before cold storage(including full high temperature),cold storage before 37℃(including full cold storage),and alternating 37℃and cold storage,the 30 d cycle was investigated to determine the total microbial colony count,so as to determine a reasonable storage method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.Secondly,five representative prescriptions were prepared and packaged in bags,stored under 37℃,room temperature and cold conditions.The investigation period was 30 d.The pH,total bacterial count and soluble solid content were measured,and the changes of each index were analyzed to obtain the shelf life of the bagged Chinese medicine decoction.[Results]First,the nourishing formula was investigated for 30 d.The microbial results of refrigeration after 1-2 d of 37℃,complete refrigeration and 37℃cooling with an alternate interval of 2 d or less met the requirements,while the microbial results of refrigeration after 3 d or above of 37℃,refrigeration after 1-5 d and then 37℃,complete 37℃,37℃and cooling with an alternate interval of 3 d or above excessive microorganism.Second,under the condition of 37℃storage,the pH of the five prescriptions decreased significantly,the total microbial colonies exceeded the standard,and the solid content decreased significantly.However,under the condition of room temperature and cold storage,the pH,total microbial colonies,and solid content of the five prescriptions remained stable.[Conclusions]The first is to refrigerate the decoction after 1-2 d of 37℃,completely refrigerate it,and refrigerate the decoction with an alternate interval of 2 d or less at 37℃.The shelf life can last for 30 d.Several storage conditions are conducive to guiding the development of the storage mode of the decoction.Second,under the conditions of cold storage,all the indexes were stable,and the shelf life of the five representative formulas was 30 d.展开更多
Allergic diseases,encompassing a wide array of conditions such as allergic rhinitis(AR),allergic asthma(AAS),atopic dermatitis(AD),and food allergy(FA),among others,represent a significant menace to global public heal...Allergic diseases,encompassing a wide array of conditions such as allergic rhinitis(AR),allergic asthma(AAS),atopic dermatitis(AD),and food allergy(FA),among others,represent a significant menace to global public health.The heterogeneity of these diseases,along with their intricate pathogenesis and propensity for recur-rence,has spurred an escalating demand for efficacious therapeutic strategies.Notwithstanding the advance-ments in western medicine(WM),treatment modalities like antihistamines,sulfonamides,and glucocorticoids exhibit side effects,especially for the neurotoxicity and the adverse reactions of the digestive system.Addi-tionally,physical therapies utilized in allergy management frequently perturb skin metabolism,potentially resulting in stratum corneum impairment,atrophy,pigmentation,and relapse,thereby mandating further investigation and optimization.The management of allergic disorders is often typified by recurrence and diffi-culties in attaining a definitive cure,instigating the pursuit of alternative or adjunctive therapeutic regimens.In this regard,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which adopts a comprehensive and holistic view of health and disease,confers remarkable advantages in the treatment of allergic conditions.TCM accentuates the significance of personalized treatment,custom-tailored to each patient’s idiosyncratic constitution and disease manifestations,a principle that is especially germane in allergic conditions where standardized treatments frequently fall short.Moreover,TCM interventions,including herbal remedies,acupuncture,and other modalities,are generally associated with a lower incidence of adverse effects compared to conventional therapies,rendering them appealing options for long-term management.The holistic paradigm of TCM permits the concurrent modulation of multiple physiological systems,not only alleviating the symptoms but also rectifying the underlying imbalances that underpin the development and perpetuation of allergic diseases.This approach,in conjunction with the capacity to individualize treatments,implies that TCM harbors sub-stantial potential in conferring more comprehensive and sustainable relief from allergic symptoms.This article delves into the TCM perspective on allergic diseases and the contemporary value of TCM in their treatment.It further explores the developmental pathway of TCM in addressing allergic diseases,dissects the intersection points between traditional theories and modern science,summarizes the key findings and conclusions,and emphasizes the potential and prospects of TCM in this domain.展开更多
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)are mycobacterium-associated lung disorders that share overlapping clinical and radiological features,yet diverge significantly in path...Non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)are mycobacterium-associated lung disorders that share overlapping clinical and radiological features,yet diverge significantly in pathogenic mechanisms,therapeutic regimens,and long-term prognoses.Traditional east Medicine(TCM)constitution theory,a foundational framework for personalized healthcare,exerts a pivotal influence on disease susceptibility,pathological progression,and clinical outcomes.This review synthesizes state-of-the-art clinical evidence to systematically dissect key discrepancies in TCM constitution distribution between the two conditions,focusing on three core dimensions:distinctive patterns of constitution type distribution,the interplay between constitution and clinical variables,and the clinical relevance of these constitutional differences.Its primary goal is to deliver rigorous theoretical support and actionable guidance for TCM-based differential diagnosis,syndrome-specific interventions,and preventive healthcare strategies for both diseases.展开更多
Objectives:By investigating the distinct speech and voice phenotype among TCM constitution for adults,this study aims at providing a convenient and objective methodological reference for judging TCM constitution.Metho...Objectives:By investigating the distinct speech and voice phenotype among TCM constitution for adults,this study aims at providing a convenient and objective methodological reference for judging TCM constitution.Methods:Acoustic analysis and TCM constitution assessment were performed for all 620 participants using Praat software and the CCMQ,respectively.Results:For formant features,the speech duration of special constitution participants was shorter than that of neutral,phlegm-dampness,dampness-heat,Yin-deficiency,or Yang-deficiency participants when pronuncing the vowels/a/,/i/,and/u/.Compare to Yang-deficiency,Qi-deficiency participants had a shorter speech duration when pronucing/i/.For/u/,blood-stasis participants exhibited a lower F1 value than neutral participants.For vocal features,special constitution participants showed higher local jitter than neutral,dampness-heat,and Yang-deficiency participants(for/a/,/i/,and/u/).Higher absolute local jitter than neutral or dampness-heat participants.Compared with neutral or Yang-deficiency participants,special participants owned a higher local shimmer(dB).Special participants had a lower harmonicity autocorrelation than neutral,dampness-heat,or Yang-deficiency participants.Conclusions:Formant features may effectively differentiate special constitution from neutral,phlegm-dampness,dampness-heat,Yin-deficiency,or Yang-deficiency constitutions based on vowel duration measurements(/a/,/i/,/u/).For the vowel/u/,F1 values may help distinguish blood-stasis from neutral constitution.Vocal features appear particularly useful for distinguishing special constitution from neutral,dampness-heat,or Yang-deficiency constitution,with local jitter and harmonicity autocorrelation showing significant discriminatory power.展开更多
文摘With the support of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),the international reach of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is taking shape as a“Silk Road of Health,”opening new pathways for closer connections among peoples.The journey of TCM,in turn.
文摘当前“中医”主要有“Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)”与“Chinese Medicine(CM)”两种译法。国际上对这两种译法的接受度和使用率较高,但“TCM”与“CM”有着各自不同的特点和语境。在不同的语境中,选择合适的翻译形式对于准确传达“中医”概念至关重要。本文分析了“中医”的内涵及当前国内外对其的英译情况,并在此基础上提出了关于“中医”英译的思考。
基金the National Social Science Foundation project“Research on Chinese Life Wisdom from the Perspective of Creative Transformation and Innovative Development”(22ZDA082).
文摘Background:The I Ching,or the Book of Changes,in the Han Dynasty was mainly based on symbolism and mathematics and was combined with the astronomical calendar that was popular at the time,forming a theory of hexagram Qi(the life force or vital energy,Qi is the dialectical unity of the spirit and matter of the human body and nature)as the main focus.The people of the Han Dynasty believed that the development and changes in cosmic and human society were consistent with the changes in the hexagrams.Therefore,exploring the construction of the theoretical system of medical epistemology by the philosophy of the I Ching will help to inherit better and develop TCM today.Methods:This paper mainly uses the analysis method of literature review,including famous ancient books on TCM from the Han Dynasties to the Song,Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties and the cosmological concept of Yin-Yang,the Five Elements,and the unity of man and nature in Chinese philosophy.Results:This article provides a new explanation of the theory of I Ching in the Han Dynasty on the thinking mode of the epistemology of TCM from three aspects:(1)The“unchangeable”theoretical basis of image-numerical thinking;(2)The“simple”way of life with one Yin and one Yang;and(3)The“cosmology”view of the evolution of life.Conclusion:This shows that TCM,at its inception in the Han Dynasty,consciously used a rational thinking attitude to construct a harmonious and unified cosmic view of life in which heaven,earth,and man are of the same origin and holographic structure.This philosophy of life is that humanity is the comprehensive embodiment and development of the Way of Heaven.It is also the field where TCM,as an original life science,makes fundamental contributions to human health today.However,the specific historical limitations,such as the Han Dynasty’s reliance on cosmological analogies,may lack empirical rigor compared to modern scientific standards.Also,TCM’s subjective interpretations can limit precision.Therefore,integrating TCM’s unique wisdom with modern science methodologies can advance its global relevance in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82260925)Yunnan Provincial High-level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovative Teams Selection Special Project(Grant No.202305AS350007)+2 种基金Yunnan Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Special Project Program for Biomedicine(Grant No.202402AA310028)Yunnan Province’s High-level Talent Cultivation Project for Successors in Traditional Chinese Medicine Disciplines(Yun Cai She[2024]No.103)Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine Open Research Topics(2024SS24010).
文摘Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a treasure of China’s traditional medical heritage,embodying the wisdom and cultural depth of the Chinese nation.Higher TCM education shoulders the important responsibility of preserving and advancing TCM,and in today’s context,it offers significant advantages while also facing numerous challenges.Among its strengths are a profound cultural foundation in TCM,utilizing classic texts and unique theories to cultivate students’TCM thinking and competence;diversified teaching methods that integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines,innovate instructional models,and combine traditional with modern educational approaches;a complete teaching system characterized by professional faculty and advanced facilities;and interdisciplinary integration fostering innovation.However,problems persist,including some students lacking confidence in TCM culture due to the influence of Western medicine concepts and the westernization of the educational model;weak practical teaching where theory dominates,practice time is limited,and there are insufficient bases and instructors;and a shortage of faculty resulting in an imbalanced student-to-teacher ratio and an unreasonable structure.To address these issues,it is recommended to enhance cultural confidence,strengthen faculty development,and optimize practical teaching,thereby promoting the sustainable development of higher TCM education and achieving the shared prosperity of TCM education and the TCM profession.
基金The National Social Science Foundation Project“Research on Chinese Life Wisdom from the Perspective of Creative Transformation and Innovative Development”(22ZDA082).
文摘Background:This essay mainly explores the theoretical roots of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practice in the Han Dynasty.It places individual small lives in the big life of heaven,earth and the universe and looks at life’s occurrence,development and death from a broader cosmology perspective,and thus provide the“Great Harmony between Heaven and Human”in the Huangdi Neijing(Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor)of the Han Dynasty.Methods:This paper mainly uses the analysis method of literature review and philosophical concepts.It uses the image-number logic thinking method of I Ching to compare images with analogy and the holistic thinking method of the three-talent view of heaven,earth,and man to understand life.Results:It is mainly reflected in three aspects:(1)One Yin and one Yang are called Tao((1)Yin Yang as the coherent fabric of nature and mind,exhibited in all existence,(2)Yin Yang as Jiao(interaction)between the waxing and waning of the cosmic and human realms,and(3)Yin Yang as a process of harmonization ensuring a constant,dynamic balance of all things);(2)The way of life in the Book of Changes;and(3)The Unity of the Way of Heaven and the Way of TCM.Conclusion:The main medical thought laid the theoretical foundation of early practice and the development model of life cognition.It is still worthy of continuous exploration,development,and innovation in contemporary philosophy and life sciences.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate optimal storage methods and shelf life determination for several representative bagged traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoctions under centralized preparation conditions in intelligent TCM pharmacies.[Methods]First,the nourishing formula was prepared and packaged in bags.Under the three storage conditions of 37℃before cold storage(including full high temperature),cold storage before 37℃(including full cold storage),and alternating 37℃and cold storage,the 30 d cycle was investigated to determine the total microbial colony count,so as to determine a reasonable storage method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.Secondly,five representative prescriptions were prepared and packaged in bags,stored under 37℃,room temperature and cold conditions.The investigation period was 30 d.The pH,total bacterial count and soluble solid content were measured,and the changes of each index were analyzed to obtain the shelf life of the bagged Chinese medicine decoction.[Results]First,the nourishing formula was investigated for 30 d.The microbial results of refrigeration after 1-2 d of 37℃,complete refrigeration and 37℃cooling with an alternate interval of 2 d or less met the requirements,while the microbial results of refrigeration after 3 d or above of 37℃,refrigeration after 1-5 d and then 37℃,complete 37℃,37℃and cooling with an alternate interval of 3 d or above excessive microorganism.Second,under the condition of 37℃storage,the pH of the five prescriptions decreased significantly,the total microbial colonies exceeded the standard,and the solid content decreased significantly.However,under the condition of room temperature and cold storage,the pH,total microbial colonies,and solid content of the five prescriptions remained stable.[Conclusions]The first is to refrigerate the decoction after 1-2 d of 37℃,completely refrigerate it,and refrigerate the decoction with an alternate interval of 2 d or less at 37℃.The shelf life can last for 30 d.Several storage conditions are conducive to guiding the development of the storage mode of the decoction.Second,under the conditions of cold storage,all the indexes were stable,and the shelf life of the five representative formulas was 30 d.
基金supported by the General program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174243,82204948)the General project of Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7242227).
文摘Allergic diseases,encompassing a wide array of conditions such as allergic rhinitis(AR),allergic asthma(AAS),atopic dermatitis(AD),and food allergy(FA),among others,represent a significant menace to global public health.The heterogeneity of these diseases,along with their intricate pathogenesis and propensity for recur-rence,has spurred an escalating demand for efficacious therapeutic strategies.Notwithstanding the advance-ments in western medicine(WM),treatment modalities like antihistamines,sulfonamides,and glucocorticoids exhibit side effects,especially for the neurotoxicity and the adverse reactions of the digestive system.Addi-tionally,physical therapies utilized in allergy management frequently perturb skin metabolism,potentially resulting in stratum corneum impairment,atrophy,pigmentation,and relapse,thereby mandating further investigation and optimization.The management of allergic disorders is often typified by recurrence and diffi-culties in attaining a definitive cure,instigating the pursuit of alternative or adjunctive therapeutic regimens.In this regard,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which adopts a comprehensive and holistic view of health and disease,confers remarkable advantages in the treatment of allergic conditions.TCM accentuates the significance of personalized treatment,custom-tailored to each patient’s idiosyncratic constitution and disease manifestations,a principle that is especially germane in allergic conditions where standardized treatments frequently fall short.Moreover,TCM interventions,including herbal remedies,acupuncture,and other modalities,are generally associated with a lower incidence of adverse effects compared to conventional therapies,rendering them appealing options for long-term management.The holistic paradigm of TCM permits the concurrent modulation of multiple physiological systems,not only alleviating the symptoms but also rectifying the underlying imbalances that underpin the development and perpetuation of allergic diseases.This approach,in conjunction with the capacity to individualize treatments,implies that TCM harbors sub-stantial potential in conferring more comprehensive and sustainable relief from allergic symptoms.This article delves into the TCM perspective on allergic diseases and the contemporary value of TCM in their treatment.It further explores the developmental pathway of TCM in addressing allergic diseases,dissects the intersection points between traditional theories and modern science,summarizes the key findings and conclusions,and emphasizes the potential and prospects of TCM in this domain.
文摘Non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)are mycobacterium-associated lung disorders that share overlapping clinical and radiological features,yet diverge significantly in pathogenic mechanisms,therapeutic regimens,and long-term prognoses.Traditional east Medicine(TCM)constitution theory,a foundational framework for personalized healthcare,exerts a pivotal influence on disease susceptibility,pathological progression,and clinical outcomes.This review synthesizes state-of-the-art clinical evidence to systematically dissect key discrepancies in TCM constitution distribution between the two conditions,focusing on three core dimensions:distinctive patterns of constitution type distribution,the interplay between constitution and clinical variables,and the clinical relevance of these constitutional differences.Its primary goal is to deliver rigorous theoretical support and actionable guidance for TCM-based differential diagnosis,syndrome-specific interventions,and preventive healthcare strategies for both diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81730107 and 81973883)the National Science&Technology Basic Research Project(No.2015FY111700)the Shanghai Pudong New District New Area Project(No.PW2022A-78(WQZ)).
文摘Objectives:By investigating the distinct speech and voice phenotype among TCM constitution for adults,this study aims at providing a convenient and objective methodological reference for judging TCM constitution.Methods:Acoustic analysis and TCM constitution assessment were performed for all 620 participants using Praat software and the CCMQ,respectively.Results:For formant features,the speech duration of special constitution participants was shorter than that of neutral,phlegm-dampness,dampness-heat,Yin-deficiency,or Yang-deficiency participants when pronuncing the vowels/a/,/i/,and/u/.Compare to Yang-deficiency,Qi-deficiency participants had a shorter speech duration when pronucing/i/.For/u/,blood-stasis participants exhibited a lower F1 value than neutral participants.For vocal features,special constitution participants showed higher local jitter than neutral,dampness-heat,and Yang-deficiency participants(for/a/,/i/,and/u/).Higher absolute local jitter than neutral or dampness-heat participants.Compared with neutral or Yang-deficiency participants,special participants owned a higher local shimmer(dB).Special participants had a lower harmonicity autocorrelation than neutral,dampness-heat,or Yang-deficiency participants.Conclusions:Formant features may effectively differentiate special constitution from neutral,phlegm-dampness,dampness-heat,Yin-deficiency,or Yang-deficiency constitutions based on vowel duration measurements(/a/,/i/,/u/).For the vowel/u/,F1 values may help distinguish blood-stasis from neutral constitution.Vocal features appear particularly useful for distinguishing special constitution from neutral,dampness-heat,or Yang-deficiency constitution,with local jitter and harmonicity autocorrelation showing significant discriminatory power.
