BACKGROUND Accurate target volume delineation is the premise for the implementation of precise radiotherapy.Inadequate target volume delineation may diminish tumor control or increase toxicity.Although several clinica...BACKGROUND Accurate target volume delineation is the premise for the implementation of precise radiotherapy.Inadequate target volume delineation may diminish tumor control or increase toxicity.Although several clinical target volume(CTV)delineation guidelines for rectal cancer have been published in recent years,significant interobserver variation(IOV)in CTV delineation still exists among radiation oncologists.However,proper education may serve as a bridge that connects complex guidelines with clinical practice.AIM To examine whether an education program could improve the accuracy and consistency of preoperative radiotherapy CTV delineation for rectal cancer.METHODS The study consisted of a baseline target volume delineation,a 150-min education intervention,and a follow-up evaluation.A 42-year-old man diagnosed with stage IIIC(T3N2bM0)rectal adenocarcinoma was selected for target volume delineation.CTVs obtained before and after the program were compared.Dice similarity coefficient(DSC),inclusiveness index(IncI),conformal index(CI),and relative volume difference[ΔV(%)]were analyzed to quantitatively evaluate the disparities between the participants’delineation and the standard CTV.Maximum volume ratio(MVR)and coefficient of variation(CV)were calculated to assess the IOV.Qualitative analysis included four common controversies in CTV delineation concerning the upper boundary of the target volume,external iliac area,groin area,and ischiorectal fossa.RESULTS Of the 18 radiation oncologists from 10 provinces in China,13 completed two sets of CTVs.In quantitative analysis,the average CTV volume decreased from 809.82 cm3 to 705.21 cm3(P=0.001)after the education program.Regarding the indices for geometric comparison,the mean DSC,IncI,and CI increased significantly,whileΔV(%)decreased remarkably,indicating improved agreement between participants’delineation and the standard CTV.Moreover,an 11.80%reduction in MVR and 18.19%reduction in CV were noted,demonstrating a smaller IOV in delineation after the education program.Regarding qualitative analysis,the greatest variations in baseline were observed at the external iliac area and ischiorectal fossa;61.54%(8/13)and 53.85%(7/13)of the participants unnecessarily delineated the external iliac area and the ischiorectal fossa,respectively.However,the education program reduced these variations.CONCLUSION Wide variations in CTV delineation for rectal cancer are present among radiation oncologists in China's Mainland.A well-structured education program could improve delineation accuracy and reduce IOVs.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy is being investigated in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study aimed to simulate a...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy is being investigated in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study aimed to simulate a Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) treatment of a patient with MPM. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> CT images from a patient with intact lungs were imported via DICOM into the Pinnacle3 treatment planning (TP) system (TPS) and used as a model for MPM to delineate organs at risk (OAR) and both clinical and planning target volumes (CTV and PTV) with a margin of 5 mm. Elekta Synergy with 6 MV photons and 80 leafs MLCi2 was employed. VMAT plans were generated using two coplanar arcs with gantry rotation angles of 178<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span> - 182<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>, the collimator angles of each arc were set to 90<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>, Octavius<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>®</sup></span> 4D 729 was employed for quality assurance while the calculated and measured doses were compared using VeriSoft. <strong>Results:</strong> A TP was achieved. The Gamma volume analysis with criteria of 3 mm distance to agreement and 3% dose difference yielded the gamma passing rate = 99.9%. The reference isodose was 42.75 Gy with the coverage constraints for the PTV D95 and V95 = 95.0% of 45 Gy. The remaining dosimetric parameters met the recommendations from the clinically acceptable guidelines for the radiotherapy of MPM. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Using well-defined TV and VMAT, a consistent TP compared to similar ones from publications was achieved. We obtained a high agreement between the 3D dose reconstructed and the dose calculated.展开更多
Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of partial arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), as well the volumetric and dosimetric effects of different internal ...Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of partial arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), as well the volumetric and dosimetric effects of different internal target volume (ITV) definitions with 4D CT. Methods: Fourteen patients with primary and metastatic lung cancer underwent SBRT were enrolled. Full and partial arc VMAT plans were generated with four different ITVs: ITVall, ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases, representing ITVs generated from all 10 respiratory phases, maximum intensity projection (MIP), average intensity projection (AIP), and 2 extreme respiratory phases. Volumetric and dosimetric differences, as well as MU and delivery time were investigated. Results: Partial arc VMAT irradiated more dose at 2 cm away from planning target volume (PTV) (P = 0.002), however, it achieved better protection on mean lung dose , lung V5, spinal cord, heart and esophagus compared with full arc VMAT. The average MU and delivery time of partial arc VMAT were 240 and 1.6 min less than those of full arc VMAT. There were no significant differences on target coverage and organ at risks (OARs) sparing among four ITVs. The average percent volume differences of ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases to ITVall were 8.6%, 13.4%, and 25.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Although partial arc VMAT delivered more dose 2 cm out of PTV, it decreases the dose to lung, spinal cord, and esophagus, as well decreased the total MU and delivery time compared with full arc VMAT without sacrificing target coverage. Partial arc VMAT was feasible and more efficient for lung SBRT.展开更多
The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of th...The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.展开更多
This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mi...This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.展开更多
A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an or...A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.展开更多
Measuring cross sections of nuclear reactions,such as the so-called“Holy Grail”reaction,^(12)C(σ,γ)^(16)O,is essential for understanding stellar nucleosynthesis but presents significant challenges due to extremely...Measuring cross sections of nuclear reactions,such as the so-called“Holy Grail”reaction,^(12)C(σ,γ)^(16)O,is essential for understanding stellar nucleosynthesis but presents significant challenges due to extremely low cross sections.Key challenges include significant energy loss as ions penetrate the target material,limiting measurements to thin target layers.To overcome these obstacles,we propose a novel method,the in-target energy loss compensating(eLOC)method,specifically designed for gas targets,which utilizes a gas-filled magnetic field and accelerating electric fields to compensate for ion energy loss in the target.Simulations show that this approach significantly enhances the effective target thickness by over 140 times in the case of the“Holy Grail”reaction with an inverse-kinematics setup.This eLOC method may provide a powerful new tool for obtaining critical data in nuclear astrophysics,thereby advancing our understanding of stellar nucleosynthesis and the origins of elements in the universe,as well as benefiting other related fields such as isotope production.展开更多
Considering the impact of terminal impact time constraints and the state information of maneuvering targets on the guidance accuracy in multi-UAV cooperative guidance,this paper proposes an impact time cooperative con...Considering the impact of terminal impact time constraints and the state information of maneuvering targets on the guidance accuracy in multi-UAV cooperative guidance,this paper proposes an impact time cooperative control guidance law(ITCCG)that combines the optimal error dynamics with an improved adaptive cubature Kalman filter(IACKF)algorithm.First,a terminal impact time feedback term is introduced into proportional navigation guidance based on the relative virtual guidance model,and terminal time control is achieved through optimal error dynamics.Then,the Huber loss function is used to reduce the impact of measurement outliers,and the diagonal decomposition is applied to address the issue of non-positive definite matrices that cannot undergo Cholesky decomposition.Finally,the ITCCG and IACKF algorithms combined achieve multi-UAV time-cooperated guidance based on maneuvering target state estimation.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the target state estimation error and achieves cooperative guidance within the desired time frame.展开更多
The prolonged and intricate history of oncological treatments has transitioned significantly since the introduction of chemotherapy.Substantial therapeutic benefits in cancer therapy have been achieved by the integrat...The prolonged and intricate history of oncological treatments has transitioned significantly since the introduction of chemotherapy.Substantial therapeutic benefits in cancer therapy have been achieved by the integration of conventional treatments with molecular biosciences and omics technologies.Human epidermal growth factor receptor,hormone receptors,and angiogenesis factors are among the established therapies in tumor reduction and managing side effects.Novel targeted therapies like KRAS G12C,Claudin-18 isoform 2(CLDN18.2),Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2(TROP2),and epigenetic regulators emphasize their promise in advancing precision medicine.However,in many cases,the resistance mechanisms associated with these interventions render them ineffective in carrying out their functions.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date examination of both established and emerging drug targets and mechanisms of treatment resistance in oncology.This review seeks to elucidate recent advancements,address persisting challenges,and explore opportunities for innovative developments in cancer target research.Additionally,it explores the growing role of artificial intelligence in reshaping cancer drug discovery and development frameworks as potential avenues for future research.In conclusion,innovative approaches in oncology,supported by pharmacological research,ongoing clinical trials,molecular biosciences,and artificial intelligence,are poised to significantly transform cancer treatment.展开更多
Naphthalene,anthracene and pyridone endoperoxides are known to thermally release singlet oxygen.However,in the cycloreversion reaction,singlet oxygen is produced stoichiometrically;therefore,multiple singlet oxygen re...Naphthalene,anthracene and pyridone endoperoxides are known to thermally release singlet oxygen.However,in the cycloreversion reaction,singlet oxygen is produced stoichiometrically;therefore,multiple singlet oxygen releasing modules are expected to be very useful in inducing apoptosis of cancer cells.Herein,we present a potential therapeutic agent presenting three-pyridone endoperoxide modules and a mitochondria targeting group.Compared to previously reported pyridone-based monofunctional endoperoxides,the triple endoperoxide is highly effective as evidenced by assays and fluorescence microscopy.展开更多
We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precisio...We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precision sampling strategy based on prostate cancer’s spatial distribution,aligning with personalized diagnosis trends.展开更多
Background:Stomach cancer(SC)is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment.The transcriptomic,epigenomic,and proteomic,etc.,omics datasets generated by high-through...Background:Stomach cancer(SC)is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment.The transcriptomic,epigenomic,and proteomic,etc.,omics datasets generated by high-throughput sequencing technology have become prominent in biomedical research,and they reveal molecular aspects of cancer diagnosis and therapy.Despite the development of advanced sequencing technology,the presence of high-dimensionality in multi-omics data makes it challenging to interpret the data.Methods:In this study,we introduce RankXLAN,an explainable ensemble-based multi-omics framework that integrates feature selection(FS),ensemble learning,bioinformatics,and in-silico validation for robust biomarker detection,potential therapeutic drug-repurposing candidates’identification,and classification of SC.To enhance the interpretability of the model,we incorporated explainable artificial intelligence(SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis),as well as accuracy,precision,F1-score,recall,cross-validation,specificity,likelihood ratio(LR)+,LR−,and Youden index results.Results:The experimental results showed that the top four FS algorithms achieved improved results when applied to the ensemble learning classification model.The proposed ensemble model produced an area under the curve(AUC)score of 0.994 for gene expression,0.97 for methylation,and 0.96 for miRNA expression data.Through the integration of bioinformatics and ML approach of the transcriptomic and epigenomic multi-omics dataset,we identified potential marker genes,namely,UBE2D2,HPCAL4,IGHA1,DPT,and FN3K.In-silico molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity between ANKRD13C and the FDA-approved drug Everolimus(binding affinity−10.1 kcal/mol),identifying ANKRD13C as a potential therapeutic drug-repurposing target for SC.Conclusion:The proposed framework RankXLAN outperforms other existing frameworks for serum biomarker identification,therapeutic target identification,and SC classification with multi-omics datasets.展开更多
Targeted protein degradation(TPD)is an innovative strategy for selectively eliminating pathogenic proteins,enabling precise degradation of once-undruggable targets in cancer therapy.However,current TPD molecules are o...Targeted protein degradation(TPD)is an innovative strategy for selectively eliminating pathogenic proteins,enabling precise degradation of once-undruggable targets in cancer therapy.However,current TPD molecules are often limited by poor tumor targeting and the need for high doses.To overcome these limitations,assembly/disassembly-based TPD systems have been proposed to effectively degrade proteins of interest and enhance therapeutic efficacy.Herein,we summarize the recent advances in such TPD systems and categorize the strategies employed,including nanosphere morphology of assembled TPD systems,nanofiber morphology of assembled TPD systems,carrier-mediated TPD release systems,and stimulus-induced free TPD molecule formation nanosystems.Finally,we outline future directions and identify the remaining challenges in assembly/disassembly-based TPD systems.展开更多
Peripheral artery disease(PAD)remains a significant global health issue,with current treatments primarily focused on relieving symptoms and addressingmacrovascular issues.However,critical immunoinflammatory mechanisms...Peripheral artery disease(PAD)remains a significant global health issue,with current treatments primarily focused on relieving symptoms and addressingmacrovascular issues.However,critical immunoinflammatory mechanisms are often overlooked.Recent evidence suggests that monocyte phenotypic plasticity plays a central role in PAD development,affecting atherogenesis,plaque progression,ischemia-reperfusion injury,and chronic ischemic remodeling.This narrative review aims to summarize the latest advances(2023-2025)in understanding monocyte diversity,functional states,and their changes throughout different stages of PAD.We discuss both established and emerging biomarkers,such as circulating monocyte subset proportions,functional assays,immune checkpoint expression,and multi-omics signatures,highlighting their potential for prognosis and the challenges in translating them to clinical practice.We also present a stage-specific approach to mapping out potential therapies,linking monocyte phenotypes to molecular targets and possible interventions.Additionally,we address regulatory,economic,and implementation considerations for applying these findings in a clinical setting.The goal of this review is to facilitate the development of targeted immunomodulatory strategies to improve limb and cardiovascular outcomes in PAD by combining mechanistic understanding with therapeutic innovation.展开更多
In recent years,proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs)have gained widespread attention as an emerging therapeutic approach.PROTACs are bifunctional molecules composed of a target protein-binding ligand,an E3 ubiquiti...In recent years,proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs)have gained widespread attention as an emerging therapeutic approach.PROTACs are bifunctional molecules composed of a target protein-binding ligand,an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand,and a linker connecting these ligands.By harnessing the cell’s intrinsic ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS),they promote the ubiquitination of specific target proteins,leading to their degradation and therapeutic effects.PROTACs show exceptional promise in targeting conventional“undruggable”targets compared to traditional small-molecule inhibitors.This review provides an overview of PROTACs,including their molecular mechanism of action,therapeutic benefits,development history,key design aspects,current research and development challenges,and future trends in nextgeneration PROTAC technology.展开更多
Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the lack of targeted treatments,rapid progression,high recurrence and metastasis rates,and overall poorer prognosis....Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the lack of targeted treatments,rapid progression,high recurrence and metastasis rates,and overall poorer prognosis.Herein,the targeted theranostic platform of cysteine-modified gold nanodots-sulfhydrated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone(CGN-SLR)nanosystem was designed for target recognition and precise dual-mode imaging-guided photothermal therapy(PTT)against TNBC.On the one hand,the CGN-SLR nanosystem can serve as an ideal targeting fluorescent probe and computed tomography(CT)enhancer to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and surgical guidance of TNBC.On the other hand,the CGN-SLR nanosystem with great targeting and PTT ability can significantly inhibit the growth of TNBC,without causing harm to normal tissues and healthy organs.It provides an effective strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC through the rational design of multifunctional nanoplatform with target recognition,multiple imaging guidance/monitoring,and high-efficiency PTT.展开更多
The published article titled“MicroRNA-133b Inhibits Proliferation,Cellular Migration,and Invasion via Targeting LASP1 in Hepatocarcinoma Cells”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.8,2017,pp.1269–1282.
Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“miR-202 Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting HSF2”has been retracted from Oncology Rese...Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“miR-202 Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting HSF2”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.2,2017,pp.215-223.DOI:10.3727/096504016X14732772150541 URL:https://www.techscience.com/or/v25n2/56800.展开更多
Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsul...Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsulation systems,this review explores food-derived polymers such as vicilin,zein,gluten,cruciferin,inulin,and others.These biopolymers are ideal since they encapsulate numerous functional compounds,such as vitamins,probiotics,essential oils,and polyphenols,because they are biocompatible,amphiphilic,and biodegradable.The specific physical and chemical properties of each polymer,extraction procedures,and nanoencapsulation techniques applied therein(e.g.,ionic gelation and spray drying)are described.The review highlights advanced targeting systems like pH-sensitive,magnetic delivery.Additional applications include those in synergistic nutraceutical systems,oral administration of vaccination,and intelligent food packaging.All these findings demonstrate that food polymers are increasingly more viable as functional nanocarriers by way of increasing bioactive delivery and the shifting requirements of personalized and health-based dietary regimes.展开更多
Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability...Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability and low bioavailability.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),nucleus-free biological particles composed of phospholipid bilayers secreted by living cells,are a new generation of targeted delivery carriers.In recent years,an increasing number of species have been reported to contain EVs.Among them,food-derived extracellular vesicles(FDEVs)show outstanding comprehensive properties.FDEVs are considered to have great application potential due to their wide range of sources,high yields,absence of human pathogenic pathogens,and ethical concerns.In this review,the preparation,nomenclature,physicochemical characteristics,and preservation methods of FDEVs are discussed,as well as their potential protein markers,bioactivities,and applications as novel targeted delivery carriers of FDEVs from animals,plants,and microorganisms.We also summarized the adverse consequences of FDEVs in current studies,and put forward the problems and challenges in the process of FDEVs research and commercialization.In short,the importance of FDEVs has been highlighted,and FDEVs have good application prospects as a new class of targeted delivery carriers.The current problems should be paid attention to and actively solved.展开更多
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,No.Z181100001718192the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.2020-2-1027 and No.2020-1-4021+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation,No.82073333the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.1212011.
文摘BACKGROUND Accurate target volume delineation is the premise for the implementation of precise radiotherapy.Inadequate target volume delineation may diminish tumor control or increase toxicity.Although several clinical target volume(CTV)delineation guidelines for rectal cancer have been published in recent years,significant interobserver variation(IOV)in CTV delineation still exists among radiation oncologists.However,proper education may serve as a bridge that connects complex guidelines with clinical practice.AIM To examine whether an education program could improve the accuracy and consistency of preoperative radiotherapy CTV delineation for rectal cancer.METHODS The study consisted of a baseline target volume delineation,a 150-min education intervention,and a follow-up evaluation.A 42-year-old man diagnosed with stage IIIC(T3N2bM0)rectal adenocarcinoma was selected for target volume delineation.CTVs obtained before and after the program were compared.Dice similarity coefficient(DSC),inclusiveness index(IncI),conformal index(CI),and relative volume difference[ΔV(%)]were analyzed to quantitatively evaluate the disparities between the participants’delineation and the standard CTV.Maximum volume ratio(MVR)and coefficient of variation(CV)were calculated to assess the IOV.Qualitative analysis included four common controversies in CTV delineation concerning the upper boundary of the target volume,external iliac area,groin area,and ischiorectal fossa.RESULTS Of the 18 radiation oncologists from 10 provinces in China,13 completed two sets of CTVs.In quantitative analysis,the average CTV volume decreased from 809.82 cm3 to 705.21 cm3(P=0.001)after the education program.Regarding the indices for geometric comparison,the mean DSC,IncI,and CI increased significantly,whileΔV(%)decreased remarkably,indicating improved agreement between participants’delineation and the standard CTV.Moreover,an 11.80%reduction in MVR and 18.19%reduction in CV were noted,demonstrating a smaller IOV in delineation after the education program.Regarding qualitative analysis,the greatest variations in baseline were observed at the external iliac area and ischiorectal fossa;61.54%(8/13)and 53.85%(7/13)of the participants unnecessarily delineated the external iliac area and the ischiorectal fossa,respectively.However,the education program reduced these variations.CONCLUSION Wide variations in CTV delineation for rectal cancer are present among radiation oncologists in China's Mainland.A well-structured education program could improve delineation accuracy and reduce IOVs.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy is being investigated in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study aimed to simulate a Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) treatment of a patient with MPM. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> CT images from a patient with intact lungs were imported via DICOM into the Pinnacle3 treatment planning (TP) system (TPS) and used as a model for MPM to delineate organs at risk (OAR) and both clinical and planning target volumes (CTV and PTV) with a margin of 5 mm. Elekta Synergy with 6 MV photons and 80 leafs MLCi2 was employed. VMAT plans were generated using two coplanar arcs with gantry rotation angles of 178<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span> - 182<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>, the collimator angles of each arc were set to 90<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>, Octavius<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>®</sup></span> 4D 729 was employed for quality assurance while the calculated and measured doses were compared using VeriSoft. <strong>Results:</strong> A TP was achieved. The Gamma volume analysis with criteria of 3 mm distance to agreement and 3% dose difference yielded the gamma passing rate = 99.9%. The reference isodose was 42.75 Gy with the coverage constraints for the PTV D95 and V95 = 95.0% of 45 Gy. The remaining dosimetric parameters met the recommendations from the clinically acceptable guidelines for the radiotherapy of MPM. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Using well-defined TV and VMAT, a consistent TP compared to similar ones from publications was achieved. We obtained a high agreement between the 3D dose reconstructed and the dose calculated.
文摘Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of partial arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), as well the volumetric and dosimetric effects of different internal target volume (ITV) definitions with 4D CT. Methods: Fourteen patients with primary and metastatic lung cancer underwent SBRT were enrolled. Full and partial arc VMAT plans were generated with four different ITVs: ITVall, ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases, representing ITVs generated from all 10 respiratory phases, maximum intensity projection (MIP), average intensity projection (AIP), and 2 extreme respiratory phases. Volumetric and dosimetric differences, as well as MU and delivery time were investigated. Results: Partial arc VMAT irradiated more dose at 2 cm away from planning target volume (PTV) (P = 0.002), however, it achieved better protection on mean lung dose , lung V5, spinal cord, heart and esophagus compared with full arc VMAT. The average MU and delivery time of partial arc VMAT were 240 and 1.6 min less than those of full arc VMAT. There were no significant differences on target coverage and organ at risks (OARs) sparing among four ITVs. The average percent volume differences of ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases to ITVall were 8.6%, 13.4%, and 25.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Although partial arc VMAT delivered more dose 2 cm out of PTV, it decreases the dose to lung, spinal cord, and esophagus, as well decreased the total MU and delivery time compared with full arc VMAT without sacrificing target coverage. Partial arc VMAT was feasible and more efficient for lung SBRT.
基金partly supported by the Yan’an University Qin Chuanyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Special Fund,No.2023KXJ-012(to YL)Yan’an University Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Fund,No.2023CGZH-001(to YL)+2 种基金College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,Nos.D2023158,202410719056(to XS,JM)Yan’an University Production and Cultivation Project,No.CXY202001(to YL)Kweichow Moutai Hospital Research and Talent Development Fund Project,No.MTyk2022-25(to XO)。
文摘The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372045)the National Key Research and the Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC2205900,2023YFC2205901)。
文摘This paper solves the problem of model-free dual-arm space robot maneuvering after non-cooperative target capture under high control quality requirements.The explicit system model is unavailable,and the maneuvering mission is disturbed by the measurement noise and the target adversarial behavior.To address these problems,a model-free Combined Adaptive-length Datadriven Predictive Controller(CADPC)is proposed.It consists of a separated subsystem identification method and a combined predictive control strategy.The subsystem identification method is composed of an adaptive data length,thereby reducing sensitivity to undetermined measurement noises and disturbances.Based on the subsystem identification,the combined predictive controller is established,reducing calculating resource.The stability of the CADPC is rigorously proven using the Input-to-State Stable(ISS)theorem and the small-gain theorem.Simulations demonstrate that CADPC effectively handles the model-free space robot post operation in the presence of significant disturbances,state measurement noise,and control input errors.It achieves improved steady-state accuracy,reduced steady-state control consumption,and minimized control input chattering.
文摘A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.
基金supported by the the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2023YFA1606900 and 2022YFA1602301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12235003,12435010,and 12147101)+3 种基金the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No.2020B0301030008)the STCSM (Grant No.23590780100)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No.23JC1400200)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2024M760483)。
文摘Measuring cross sections of nuclear reactions,such as the so-called“Holy Grail”reaction,^(12)C(σ,γ)^(16)O,is essential for understanding stellar nucleosynthesis but presents significant challenges due to extremely low cross sections.Key challenges include significant energy loss as ions penetrate the target material,limiting measurements to thin target layers.To overcome these obstacles,we propose a novel method,the in-target energy loss compensating(eLOC)method,specifically designed for gas targets,which utilizes a gas-filled magnetic field and accelerating electric fields to compensate for ion energy loss in the target.Simulations show that this approach significantly enhances the effective target thickness by over 140 times in the case of the“Holy Grail”reaction with an inverse-kinematics setup.This eLOC method may provide a powerful new tool for obtaining critical data in nuclear astrophysics,thereby advancing our understanding of stellar nucleosynthesis and the origins of elements in the universe,as well as benefiting other related fields such as isotope production.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(FRF-TP-24-058A)with additional support from the National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics(2024-ZSJ-LB-02-02).
文摘Considering the impact of terminal impact time constraints and the state information of maneuvering targets on the guidance accuracy in multi-UAV cooperative guidance,this paper proposes an impact time cooperative control guidance law(ITCCG)that combines the optimal error dynamics with an improved adaptive cubature Kalman filter(IACKF)algorithm.First,a terminal impact time feedback term is introduced into proportional navigation guidance based on the relative virtual guidance model,and terminal time control is achieved through optimal error dynamics.Then,the Huber loss function is used to reduce the impact of measurement outliers,and the diagonal decomposition is applied to address the issue of non-positive definite matrices that cannot undergo Cholesky decomposition.Finally,the ITCCG and IACKF algorithms combined achieve multi-UAV time-cooperated guidance based on maneuvering target state estimation.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the target state estimation error and achieves cooperative guidance within the desired time frame.
文摘The prolonged and intricate history of oncological treatments has transitioned significantly since the introduction of chemotherapy.Substantial therapeutic benefits in cancer therapy have been achieved by the integration of conventional treatments with molecular biosciences and omics technologies.Human epidermal growth factor receptor,hormone receptors,and angiogenesis factors are among the established therapies in tumor reduction and managing side effects.Novel targeted therapies like KRAS G12C,Claudin-18 isoform 2(CLDN18.2),Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2(TROP2),and epigenetic regulators emphasize their promise in advancing precision medicine.However,in many cases,the resistance mechanisms associated with these interventions render them ineffective in carrying out their functions.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date examination of both established and emerging drug targets and mechanisms of treatment resistance in oncology.This review seeks to elucidate recent advancements,address persisting challenges,and explore opportunities for innovative developments in cancer target research.Additionally,it explores the growing role of artificial intelligence in reshaping cancer drug discovery and development frameworks as potential avenues for future research.In conclusion,innovative approaches in oncology,supported by pharmacological research,ongoing clinical trials,molecular biosciences,and artificial intelligence,are poised to significantly transform cancer treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22007008,22178048).
文摘Naphthalene,anthracene and pyridone endoperoxides are known to thermally release singlet oxygen.However,in the cycloreversion reaction,singlet oxygen is produced stoichiometrically;therefore,multiple singlet oxygen releasing modules are expected to be very useful in inducing apoptosis of cancer cells.Herein,we present a potential therapeutic agent presenting three-pyridone endoperoxide modules and a mitochondria targeting group.Compared to previously reported pyridone-based monofunctional endoperoxides,the triple endoperoxide is highly effective as evidenced by assays and fluorescence microscopy.
文摘We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precision sampling strategy based on prostate cancer’s spatial distribution,aligning with personalized diagnosis trends.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,KSA,for funding this work through the Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/164/46.
文摘Background:Stomach cancer(SC)is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment.The transcriptomic,epigenomic,and proteomic,etc.,omics datasets generated by high-throughput sequencing technology have become prominent in biomedical research,and they reveal molecular aspects of cancer diagnosis and therapy.Despite the development of advanced sequencing technology,the presence of high-dimensionality in multi-omics data makes it challenging to interpret the data.Methods:In this study,we introduce RankXLAN,an explainable ensemble-based multi-omics framework that integrates feature selection(FS),ensemble learning,bioinformatics,and in-silico validation for robust biomarker detection,potential therapeutic drug-repurposing candidates’identification,and classification of SC.To enhance the interpretability of the model,we incorporated explainable artificial intelligence(SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis),as well as accuracy,precision,F1-score,recall,cross-validation,specificity,likelihood ratio(LR)+,LR−,and Youden index results.Results:The experimental results showed that the top four FS algorithms achieved improved results when applied to the ensemble learning classification model.The proposed ensemble model produced an area under the curve(AUC)score of 0.994 for gene expression,0.97 for methylation,and 0.96 for miRNA expression data.Through the integration of bioinformatics and ML approach of the transcriptomic and epigenomic multi-omics dataset,we identified potential marker genes,namely,UBE2D2,HPCAL4,IGHA1,DPT,and FN3K.In-silico molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity between ANKRD13C and the FDA-approved drug Everolimus(binding affinity−10.1 kcal/mol),identifying ANKRD13C as a potential therapeutic drug-repurposing target for SC.Conclusion:The proposed framework RankXLAN outperforms other existing frameworks for serum biomarker identification,therapeutic target identification,and SC classification with multi-omics datasets.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 22407024)the Star-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028624094)(X.W.)+7 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant 2025M772911)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grants BK20251303)(X.L.)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant GZC20251914)(X.L.)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant 2025ZB052)(X.L.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 22234002)(G.L.)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2023YFF0724100)(G.L.)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant BK20232007)(G.L.)Jiangsu ShuangChuang Team(Grant JSSCTD202409)(G.L.and X.W.).
文摘Targeted protein degradation(TPD)is an innovative strategy for selectively eliminating pathogenic proteins,enabling precise degradation of once-undruggable targets in cancer therapy.However,current TPD molecules are often limited by poor tumor targeting and the need for high doses.To overcome these limitations,assembly/disassembly-based TPD systems have been proposed to effectively degrade proteins of interest and enhance therapeutic efficacy.Herein,we summarize the recent advances in such TPD systems and categorize the strategies employed,including nanosphere morphology of assembled TPD systems,nanofiber morphology of assembled TPD systems,carrier-mediated TPD release systems,and stimulus-induced free TPD molecule formation nanosystems.Finally,we outline future directions and identify the remaining challenges in assembly/disassembly-based TPD systems.
文摘Peripheral artery disease(PAD)remains a significant global health issue,with current treatments primarily focused on relieving symptoms and addressingmacrovascular issues.However,critical immunoinflammatory mechanisms are often overlooked.Recent evidence suggests that monocyte phenotypic plasticity plays a central role in PAD development,affecting atherogenesis,plaque progression,ischemia-reperfusion injury,and chronic ischemic remodeling.This narrative review aims to summarize the latest advances(2023-2025)in understanding monocyte diversity,functional states,and their changes throughout different stages of PAD.We discuss both established and emerging biomarkers,such as circulating monocyte subset proportions,functional assays,immune checkpoint expression,and multi-omics signatures,highlighting their potential for prognosis and the challenges in translating them to clinical practice.We also present a stage-specific approach to mapping out potential therapies,linking monocyte phenotypes to molecular targets and possible interventions.Additionally,we address regulatory,economic,and implementation considerations for applying these findings in a clinical setting.The goal of this review is to facilitate the development of targeted immunomodulatory strategies to improve limb and cardiovascular outcomes in PAD by combining mechanistic understanding with therapeutic innovation.
文摘In recent years,proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs)have gained widespread attention as an emerging therapeutic approach.PROTACs are bifunctional molecules composed of a target protein-binding ligand,an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand,and a linker connecting these ligands.By harnessing the cell’s intrinsic ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS),they promote the ubiquitination of specific target proteins,leading to their degradation and therapeutic effects.PROTACs show exceptional promise in targeting conventional“undruggable”targets compared to traditional small-molecule inhibitors.This review provides an overview of PROTACs,including their molecular mechanism of action,therapeutic benefits,development history,key design aspects,current research and development challenges,and future trends in nextgeneration PROTAC technology.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.SKL202302002).
文摘Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the lack of targeted treatments,rapid progression,high recurrence and metastasis rates,and overall poorer prognosis.Herein,the targeted theranostic platform of cysteine-modified gold nanodots-sulfhydrated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone(CGN-SLR)nanosystem was designed for target recognition and precise dual-mode imaging-guided photothermal therapy(PTT)against TNBC.On the one hand,the CGN-SLR nanosystem can serve as an ideal targeting fluorescent probe and computed tomography(CT)enhancer to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and surgical guidance of TNBC.On the other hand,the CGN-SLR nanosystem with great targeting and PTT ability can significantly inhibit the growth of TNBC,without causing harm to normal tissues and healthy organs.It provides an effective strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC through the rational design of multifunctional nanoplatform with target recognition,multiple imaging guidance/monitoring,and high-efficiency PTT.
文摘The published article titled“MicroRNA-133b Inhibits Proliferation,Cellular Migration,and Invasion via Targeting LASP1 in Hepatocarcinoma Cells”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.8,2017,pp.1269–1282.
文摘Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“miR-202 Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting HSF2”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.2,2017,pp.215-223.DOI:10.3727/096504016X14732772150541 URL:https://www.techscience.com/or/v25n2/56800.
文摘Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsulation systems,this review explores food-derived polymers such as vicilin,zein,gluten,cruciferin,inulin,and others.These biopolymers are ideal since they encapsulate numerous functional compounds,such as vitamins,probiotics,essential oils,and polyphenols,because they are biocompatible,amphiphilic,and biodegradable.The specific physical and chemical properties of each polymer,extraction procedures,and nanoencapsulation techniques applied therein(e.g.,ionic gelation and spray drying)are described.The review highlights advanced targeting systems like pH-sensitive,magnetic delivery.Additional applications include those in synergistic nutraceutical systems,oral administration of vaccination,and intelligent food packaging.All these findings demonstrate that food polymers are increasingly more viable as functional nanocarriers by way of increasing bioactive delivery and the shifting requirements of personalized and health-based dietary regimes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373277).
文摘Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability and low bioavailability.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),nucleus-free biological particles composed of phospholipid bilayers secreted by living cells,are a new generation of targeted delivery carriers.In recent years,an increasing number of species have been reported to contain EVs.Among them,food-derived extracellular vesicles(FDEVs)show outstanding comprehensive properties.FDEVs are considered to have great application potential due to their wide range of sources,high yields,absence of human pathogenic pathogens,and ethical concerns.In this review,the preparation,nomenclature,physicochemical characteristics,and preservation methods of FDEVs are discussed,as well as their potential protein markers,bioactivities,and applications as novel targeted delivery carriers of FDEVs from animals,plants,and microorganisms.We also summarized the adverse consequences of FDEVs in current studies,and put forward the problems and challenges in the process of FDEVs research and commercialization.In short,the importance of FDEVs has been highlighted,and FDEVs have good application prospects as a new class of targeted delivery carriers.The current problems should be paid attention to and actively solved.
