BACKGROUND Accurate target volume delineation is the premise for the implementation of precise radiotherapy.Inadequate target volume delineation may diminish tumor control or increase toxicity.Although several clinica...BACKGROUND Accurate target volume delineation is the premise for the implementation of precise radiotherapy.Inadequate target volume delineation may diminish tumor control or increase toxicity.Although several clinical target volume(CTV)delineation guidelines for rectal cancer have been published in recent years,significant interobserver variation(IOV)in CTV delineation still exists among radiation oncologists.However,proper education may serve as a bridge that connects complex guidelines with clinical practice.AIM To examine whether an education program could improve the accuracy and consistency of preoperative radiotherapy CTV delineation for rectal cancer.METHODS The study consisted of a baseline target volume delineation,a 150-min education intervention,and a follow-up evaluation.A 42-year-old man diagnosed with stage IIIC(T3N2bM0)rectal adenocarcinoma was selected for target volume delineation.CTVs obtained before and after the program were compared.Dice similarity coefficient(DSC),inclusiveness index(IncI),conformal index(CI),and relative volume difference[ΔV(%)]were analyzed to quantitatively evaluate the disparities between the participants’delineation and the standard CTV.Maximum volume ratio(MVR)and coefficient of variation(CV)were calculated to assess the IOV.Qualitative analysis included four common controversies in CTV delineation concerning the upper boundary of the target volume,external iliac area,groin area,and ischiorectal fossa.RESULTS Of the 18 radiation oncologists from 10 provinces in China,13 completed two sets of CTVs.In quantitative analysis,the average CTV volume decreased from 809.82 cm3 to 705.21 cm3(P=0.001)after the education program.Regarding the indices for geometric comparison,the mean DSC,IncI,and CI increased significantly,whileΔV(%)decreased remarkably,indicating improved agreement between participants’delineation and the standard CTV.Moreover,an 11.80%reduction in MVR and 18.19%reduction in CV were noted,demonstrating a smaller IOV in delineation after the education program.Regarding qualitative analysis,the greatest variations in baseline were observed at the external iliac area and ischiorectal fossa;61.54%(8/13)and 53.85%(7/13)of the participants unnecessarily delineated the external iliac area and the ischiorectal fossa,respectively.However,the education program reduced these variations.CONCLUSION Wide variations in CTV delineation for rectal cancer are present among radiation oncologists in China's Mainland.A well-structured education program could improve delineation accuracy and reduce IOVs.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy is being investigated in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study aimed to simulate a...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy is being investigated in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study aimed to simulate a Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) treatment of a patient with MPM. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> CT images from a patient with intact lungs were imported via DICOM into the Pinnacle3 treatment planning (TP) system (TPS) and used as a model for MPM to delineate organs at risk (OAR) and both clinical and planning target volumes (CTV and PTV) with a margin of 5 mm. Elekta Synergy with 6 MV photons and 80 leafs MLCi2 was employed. VMAT plans were generated using two coplanar arcs with gantry rotation angles of 178<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span> - 182<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>, the collimator angles of each arc were set to 90<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>, Octavius<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>®</sup></span> 4D 729 was employed for quality assurance while the calculated and measured doses were compared using VeriSoft. <strong>Results:</strong> A TP was achieved. The Gamma volume analysis with criteria of 3 mm distance to agreement and 3% dose difference yielded the gamma passing rate = 99.9%. The reference isodose was 42.75 Gy with the coverage constraints for the PTV D95 and V95 = 95.0% of 45 Gy. The remaining dosimetric parameters met the recommendations from the clinically acceptable guidelines for the radiotherapy of MPM. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Using well-defined TV and VMAT, a consistent TP compared to similar ones from publications was achieved. We obtained a high agreement between the 3D dose reconstructed and the dose calculated.展开更多
Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of partial arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), as well the volumetric and dosimetric effects of different internal ...Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of partial arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), as well the volumetric and dosimetric effects of different internal target volume (ITV) definitions with 4D CT. Methods: Fourteen patients with primary and metastatic lung cancer underwent SBRT were enrolled. Full and partial arc VMAT plans were generated with four different ITVs: ITVall, ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases, representing ITVs generated from all 10 respiratory phases, maximum intensity projection (MIP), average intensity projection (AIP), and 2 extreme respiratory phases. Volumetric and dosimetric differences, as well as MU and delivery time were investigated. Results: Partial arc VMAT irradiated more dose at 2 cm away from planning target volume (PTV) (P = 0.002), however, it achieved better protection on mean lung dose , lung V5, spinal cord, heart and esophagus compared with full arc VMAT. The average MU and delivery time of partial arc VMAT were 240 and 1.6 min less than those of full arc VMAT. There were no significant differences on target coverage and organ at risks (OARs) sparing among four ITVs. The average percent volume differences of ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases to ITVall were 8.6%, 13.4%, and 25.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Although partial arc VMAT delivered more dose 2 cm out of PTV, it decreases the dose to lung, spinal cord, and esophagus, as well decreased the total MU and delivery time compared with full arc VMAT without sacrificing target coverage. Partial arc VMAT was feasible and more efficient for lung SBRT.展开更多
Precision radiotherapy is a critical and indispensable cancer treatment means in the modern clinical workflow with the goal of achieving“quality-up and cost-down”in patient care.The challenge of this therapy lies in...Precision radiotherapy is a critical and indispensable cancer treatment means in the modern clinical workflow with the goal of achieving“quality-up and cost-down”in patient care.The challenge of this therapy lies in developing computerized clinical-assistant solutions with precision,automation,and reproducibility built-in to deliver it at scale.In this work,we provide a comprehensive yet ongoing,incomplete survey of and discussions on the recent progress of utilizing advanced deep learning,semantic organ parsing,multimodal imaging fusion,neural architecture search and medical image analytical techniques to address four corner-stone problems or sub-problems required by all precision radiotherapy workflows,namely,organs at risk(OARs)segmentation,gross tumor volume(GTV)segmentation,metastasized lymph node(LN)detection,and clinical tumor volume(CTV)segmentation.Without loss of generality,we mainly focus on using esophageal and head-and-neck cancers as examples,but the methods can be extrapolated to other types of cancers.High-precision,automated and highly reproducible OAR/GTV/LN/CTV auto-delineation techniques have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing the inter-practitioner variabilities and the time cost to permit rapid treatment planning and adaptive replanning for the benefit of patients.Through the presentation of the achievements and limitations of these techniques in this review,we hope to encourage more collective multidisciplinary precision radiotherapy workflows to transpire.展开更多
The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of th...The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.展开更多
Background:Stomach cancer(SC)is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment.The transcriptomic,epigenomic,and proteomic,etc.,omics datasets generated by high-through...Background:Stomach cancer(SC)is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment.The transcriptomic,epigenomic,and proteomic,etc.,omics datasets generated by high-throughput sequencing technology have become prominent in biomedical research,and they reveal molecular aspects of cancer diagnosis and therapy.Despite the development of advanced sequencing technology,the presence of high-dimensionality in multi-omics data makes it challenging to interpret the data.Methods:In this study,we introduce RankXLAN,an explainable ensemble-based multi-omics framework that integrates feature selection(FS),ensemble learning,bioinformatics,and in-silico validation for robust biomarker detection,potential therapeutic drug-repurposing candidates’identification,and classification of SC.To enhance the interpretability of the model,we incorporated explainable artificial intelligence(SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis),as well as accuracy,precision,F1-score,recall,cross-validation,specificity,likelihood ratio(LR)+,LR−,and Youden index results.Results:The experimental results showed that the top four FS algorithms achieved improved results when applied to the ensemble learning classification model.The proposed ensemble model produced an area under the curve(AUC)score of 0.994 for gene expression,0.97 for methylation,and 0.96 for miRNA expression data.Through the integration of bioinformatics and ML approach of the transcriptomic and epigenomic multi-omics dataset,we identified potential marker genes,namely,UBE2D2,HPCAL4,IGHA1,DPT,and FN3K.In-silico molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity between ANKRD13C and the FDA-approved drug Everolimus(binding affinity−10.1 kcal/mol),identifying ANKRD13C as a potential therapeutic drug-repurposing target for SC.Conclusion:The proposed framework RankXLAN outperforms other existing frameworks for serum biomarker identification,therapeutic target identification,and SC classification with multi-omics datasets.展开更多
Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,ta...Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.展开更多
Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in...Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in the maritime environment.This paper proposes a novel method for estimating target time delay using multi-bright spot echoes,assuming the target’s size and depth are known.Aiming to effectively enhance the extraction of geometric features from the target echoes and mitigate the impact of reverberation and noise,the proposed approach employs the fractional order Fourier transform-frequency sliced wavelet transform to extract multi-bright spot echoes.Using the highlighting model theory and the target size information,an observation matrix is constructed to represent multi-angle incident signals and obtain the theoretical scattered echo signals from different angles.Aiming to accurately estimate the target’s time delay,waveform similarity coefficients and mean square error values between the theoretical return signals and received signals are computed across various incident angles and time delays.Simulation results show that,compared to the conventional matched filter,the proposed algorithm reduces the relative error by 65.9%-91.5%at a signal-to noise ratio of-25 dB,and by 66.7%-88.9%at a signal-to-reverberation ratio of−10 dB.This algorithm provides a new approach for the precise localization of submerged targets in shallow water environments.展开更多
Background Helical tomotherapy （HT） is a new image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy （IMRT）.The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the target volume and organs at risk （OARs） of patients...Background Helical tomotherapy （HT） is a new image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy （IMRT）.The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the target volume and organs at risk （OARs） of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） during helical tomotherapy.Methods Forty-three patients with NPC and treated via HT from March 2008 to January 2010 were reviewed retrospectively.Repeated CT scanning and plan adaptation were conducted at the 20th fraction during radiotherapy.The volumetric differences between the two scans were evaluated for nasopharyngeal tumor and retro- pharyngeal lymph nodes （GTVnx）,neck lymph nodes （GTVnd）,and parotid glands,as well as the axial diameter of the head.Results The median interval between the two scans was 25 days （23-28 days）.The volumetric decrease in GTVnx was 30.1% （median,29.8%） and in GTVnd 41.6% （median,45.9%）.The variation in the GTVnd volume was correlated with the weight loss of the patient.The volume of the left parotid gland decreased by 35.5% （median,33.4%） and of the right parotid glands decreased by 36.8% （median,33.5%）.The axial diameter of the head decreased by 9.39% （median,9.1%）.Conclusions The target volume and OARs of patients with NPC varied considerably during HT.These changes may have potential dosimetric effects on the target volume and/or OARs and influence the clinical outcome.Repeated CT scanning and replanning during the HT for NPC patients with a large target volume or an obvious weight loss are recommended.展开更多
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment methods for cancer,and the delineation of the radiotherapy target area is the basis and premise of precise treatment.Artificial intelligence technology represented by machine ...Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment methods for cancer,and the delineation of the radiotherapy target area is the basis and premise of precise treatment.Artificial intelligence technology represented by machine learning has done a lot of research in this area,improving the accuracy and efficiency of target delineation.This article will review the applications and research of machine learning in medical image matching,normal organ delineation and treatment target delineation according to the procudures of doctors to delineate the target volume,and give an outlook on the development prospects.展开更多
Airborne LIDAR can flexibly obtain point cloud data with three-dimensional structural information,which can improve its effectiveness of automatic target recognition in the complex environment.Compared with 2D informa...Airborne LIDAR can flexibly obtain point cloud data with three-dimensional structural information,which can improve its effectiveness of automatic target recognition in the complex environment.Compared with 2D information,3D information performs better in separating objects and background.However,an aircraft platform can have a negative influence on LIDAR obtained data because of various flight attitudes,flight heights and atmospheric disturbances.A structure of global feature based 3D automatic target recognition method for airborne LIDAR is proposed,which is composed of offline phase and online phase.The performance of four global feature descriptors is compared.Considering the summed volume region(SVR) discrepancy in real objects,SVR selection is added into the pre-processing operations to eliminate mismatching clusters compared with the interested target.Highly reliable simulated data are obtained under various sensor’s altitudes,detection distances and atmospheric disturbances.The final experiments results show that the added step increases the recognition rate by above 2.4% and decreases the execution time by about 33%.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the angiographic and volumetric effects of mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) inhibitors on angiomyolipomas(AMLs) in a case series of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.METHODS: All patient...AIM: To investigate the angiographic and volumetric effects of mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) inhibitors on angiomyolipomas(AMLs) in a case series of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.METHODS: All patients who underwent catheter angiography prior to and following m TOR inhibitor therapy(n = 3) were evaluated. All cross-sectional imaging studies were analyzed with three-dimensional volumetrics, and tumor volume curves for all three tissue compartments(soft tissue, vascular, and fat) were generated. Segmentation analysis tools were used to automatically create a region of interest(ROI) circumscribing the AML. On magnetic resonance images, the "fat only" map calculated from the in- and opposed-phase gradient recalled echo sequences was used to quantify fat volume within tumors. Tumor vascularity was measured by applying a thresholding toolwithin the ROI on post-contrast subtraction images. On computed tomography images, volume histogram analysis of Hounsfield unit was performed to quantify tumor tissue composition. The angiography procedures were also reviewed, and tumor vascularity based on pre-embolization angiography was characterized in a semi-quantitative manner. RESULTS: Patient 1 presented at the age of 15 with a 6.8 cm right lower pole AML and a 4.0 cm right upper pole AML. Embolization was performed of both tumors, and after a few years of size control, the tumors began to grow, and the patient was initiated on m TOR inhibitor therapy. There was an immediate reduction in the size of both lesions. The patient then underwent repeat embolization and discontinuation of m TOR inhibition, after which point there was a substantial regrowth in both tumors across all tissue compartments. Patient 2 presented at the age of 18 with a right renal AML. Following a brief period of tumor reduction after embolization, she was initiated on m TOR inhibitor therapy, with successful reduction in tumor size across all tissue compartments. As with patient 1, however, there was immediate rebound growth following discontinuation of inhibitor therapy, without sustained control despite repeat embolization. patient 3 presented at the age of 5 with a left renal AML and underwent two embolization procedures without lasting effect prior to starting m TOR inhibition. As with patients 1 and 2, following discontinuation of therapy, there was immediate rebound growth of the tumor. Repeat embolization, however, was notable for a substantial reduction in intratumoral aneurysms and vascularity.CONCLUSION: AML volume reduction as well as posttreatment rebound growth due to m TOR inhibitors involves all three tissue components of the tumor.展开更多
Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are ne...Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are newly discovered types of regulated cell deaths that have been shown to exacerbate inflammation and lead to cell death in damaged spinal cords.Autophagy,a complex form of cell death that is interconnected with various regulated cell death mechanisms,has garnered significant attention in the study of spinal cord injury.This injury triggers not only cell death but also cellular survival responses.Multiple signaling pathways play pivotal roles in influencing the processes of both deterioration and repair in spinal cord injury by regulating pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and autophagy.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively examine the mechanisms underlying regulated cell deaths,the signaling pathways that modulate these mechanisms,and the potential therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury.Our analysis suggests that targeting the common regulatory signaling pathways of different regulated cell deaths could be a promising strategy to promote cell survival and enhance the repair of spinal cord injury.Moreover,a holistic approach that incorporates multiple regulated cell deaths and their regulatory pathways presents a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy for the management of spinal cord injury.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes...Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.展开更多
Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT),as the standard technique,achieves the purpose of improving target coverage and better spar...Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT),as the standard technique,achieves the purpose of improving target coverage and better sparing of normal tissue.Increased attention has been given to explore various strategies for deescalating treatment intensity.The optimization of clinical target volume(CTV)is one of the most active research areas being widely discussed.Although the International Guidelines for the delineating of CTV in NPC had provided important references for clinicians,there are marked variations in practice among different institutions.This article reviews the development of CTV delineation in non-metastatic NPC patients among centers,and compares the similarities and differences in CTV delineation of various current guidelines in the hope of providing insights for future investigation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the development and evolution of CTV delineation on primary tumor and lymph nodes for definitive radiotherapy in non-metastatic NPC through historical lens.We also compare the differences of CTV delineation ways.In addition,we look into the clinical and practical challenges of CTV delineation,hoping to provide direction for future research.展开更多
The application of deep learning for target detection in aerial images captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)has emerged as a prominent research focus.Due to the considerable distance between UAVs and the photograp...The application of deep learning for target detection in aerial images captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)has emerged as a prominent research focus.Due to the considerable distance between UAVs and the photographed objects,coupled with complex shooting environments,existing models often struggle to achieve accurate real-time target detection.In this paper,a You Only Look Once v8(YOLOv8)model is modified from four aspects:the detection head,the up-sampling module,the feature extraction module,and the parameter optimization of positive sample screening,and the YOLO-S3DT model is proposed to improve the performance of the model for detecting small targets in aerial images.Experimental results show that all detection indexes of the proposed model are significantly improved without increasing the number of model parameters and with the limited growth of computation.Moreover,this model also has the best performance compared to other detecting models,demonstrating its advancement within this category of tasks.展开更多
Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is an important stage of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Effective treatment and regulation of CAG are essential to prevent its progression to malignancy.Traditional Chinese medic...Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is an important stage of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Effective treatment and regulation of CAG are essential to prevent its progression to malignancy.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown multi-targeted efficacy in CAG treatment,with advantages in enhancing gastric mucosal barrier defense,improving microcirculation,modulating inflammatory and immune responses,and promoting lesion healing,etc.Clinical studies and meta-analyses indicate that TCM provides significant benefits,with specific Chinese herbal compounds and monomers demonstrating protective effects on the gastric mucosa through mechanisms including anti-inflammation,antioxidation,and regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis,etc.Finally,it is pointed out that the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of CAG requires standardized research and unified standards,and constantly clarifies and improves the evaluation criteria of each dimension of gastric mucosal barrier function.展开更多
Natural products(NPs)have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery.Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents,and corresponding targets.In the ...Natural products(NPs)have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery.Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents,and corresponding targets.In the present study,an innovative natural product virtual screening-interaction-phenotype(NP-VIP)strategy that integrates virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics to identify and validate the bioactive targets of NPs.This approach reduces false positive results and enhances the efficiency of target identification.Salvia miltiorrhiza(SM),a herb with recognized therapeutic potential against ischemic stroke(IS),was used to illustrate the workflow.Utilizing virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics,potential therapeutic targets for SM in the IS treatment were identified,totaling 29,100,and 78,respectively.Further analysis via the NP-VIP strategy highlighted five high-confidence targets,including poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase 1(PARP1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),amyloid precursor protein(APP),glutamate-ammonia ligase(GLUL),and glutamate decarboxylase 67(GAD67).These targets were subsequently validated and found to play critical roles in the neuroprotective effects of SM.The study not only underscores the importance of SM in treating IS but also sets a precedent for NP research,proposing a comprehensive approach that could be adapted for broader pharmacological explorations.展开更多
The paper presents a two-layer,disturbance-resistant,and fault-tolerant affine formation maneuver control scheme that accomplishes the surrounding of a dynamic target with multiple underactuated Quadrotor Unmanned Aer...The paper presents a two-layer,disturbance-resistant,and fault-tolerant affine formation maneuver control scheme that accomplishes the surrounding of a dynamic target with multiple underactuated Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(QUAVs).This scheme mainly consists of predefinedtime estimators and fixed-time tracking controllers,with a hybrid Laplacian matrix describing the communication among these QUAVs.At the first layer,we devise predefined time estimators for leading and following QUAVs,enabling accurate estimation of desired information.In the second layer,we initially devise a fixed-time hybrid observer to estimate unknown disturbances and actuator faults.Fixedtime translational tracking controllers are then proposed,and the intermediary control input from these controllers is used to extract the desired attitude and angular velocities for the fixed-time rotational tracking controllers.We employ an exact tracking differentiator to handle variables that are challenging to differentiate directly.The paper includes a demonstration of the control system stability through mathematical proof,as well as the presentation of simulation results and comparative simulations.展开更多
Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor c...Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor cells,is inherently immunosuppressive(1,2).Effective tumor therapy necessitates the dismantling of this microenvironment,aiming to eradicate tumors from the host system.展开更多
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,No.Z181100001718192the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.2020-2-1027 and No.2020-1-4021+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation,No.82073333the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.1212011.
文摘BACKGROUND Accurate target volume delineation is the premise for the implementation of precise radiotherapy.Inadequate target volume delineation may diminish tumor control or increase toxicity.Although several clinical target volume(CTV)delineation guidelines for rectal cancer have been published in recent years,significant interobserver variation(IOV)in CTV delineation still exists among radiation oncologists.However,proper education may serve as a bridge that connects complex guidelines with clinical practice.AIM To examine whether an education program could improve the accuracy and consistency of preoperative radiotherapy CTV delineation for rectal cancer.METHODS The study consisted of a baseline target volume delineation,a 150-min education intervention,and a follow-up evaluation.A 42-year-old man diagnosed with stage IIIC(T3N2bM0)rectal adenocarcinoma was selected for target volume delineation.CTVs obtained before and after the program were compared.Dice similarity coefficient(DSC),inclusiveness index(IncI),conformal index(CI),and relative volume difference[ΔV(%)]were analyzed to quantitatively evaluate the disparities between the participants’delineation and the standard CTV.Maximum volume ratio(MVR)and coefficient of variation(CV)were calculated to assess the IOV.Qualitative analysis included four common controversies in CTV delineation concerning the upper boundary of the target volume,external iliac area,groin area,and ischiorectal fossa.RESULTS Of the 18 radiation oncologists from 10 provinces in China,13 completed two sets of CTVs.In quantitative analysis,the average CTV volume decreased from 809.82 cm3 to 705.21 cm3(P=0.001)after the education program.Regarding the indices for geometric comparison,the mean DSC,IncI,and CI increased significantly,whileΔV(%)decreased remarkably,indicating improved agreement between participants’delineation and the standard CTV.Moreover,an 11.80%reduction in MVR and 18.19%reduction in CV were noted,demonstrating a smaller IOV in delineation after the education program.Regarding qualitative analysis,the greatest variations in baseline were observed at the external iliac area and ischiorectal fossa;61.54%(8/13)and 53.85%(7/13)of the participants unnecessarily delineated the external iliac area and the ischiorectal fossa,respectively.However,the education program reduced these variations.CONCLUSION Wide variations in CTV delineation for rectal cancer are present among radiation oncologists in China's Mainland.A well-structured education program could improve delineation accuracy and reduce IOVs.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy is being investigated in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study aimed to simulate a Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) treatment of a patient with MPM. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> CT images from a patient with intact lungs were imported via DICOM into the Pinnacle3 treatment planning (TP) system (TPS) and used as a model for MPM to delineate organs at risk (OAR) and both clinical and planning target volumes (CTV and PTV) with a margin of 5 mm. Elekta Synergy with 6 MV photons and 80 leafs MLCi2 was employed. VMAT plans were generated using two coplanar arcs with gantry rotation angles of 178<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span> - 182<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>, the collimator angles of each arc were set to 90<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>, Octavius<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><sup>®</sup></span> 4D 729 was employed for quality assurance while the calculated and measured doses were compared using VeriSoft. <strong>Results:</strong> A TP was achieved. The Gamma volume analysis with criteria of 3 mm distance to agreement and 3% dose difference yielded the gamma passing rate = 99.9%. The reference isodose was 42.75 Gy with the coverage constraints for the PTV D95 and V95 = 95.0% of 45 Gy. The remaining dosimetric parameters met the recommendations from the clinically acceptable guidelines for the radiotherapy of MPM. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Using well-defined TV and VMAT, a consistent TP compared to similar ones from publications was achieved. We obtained a high agreement between the 3D dose reconstructed and the dose calculated.
文摘Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of partial arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), as well the volumetric and dosimetric effects of different internal target volume (ITV) definitions with 4D CT. Methods: Fourteen patients with primary and metastatic lung cancer underwent SBRT were enrolled. Full and partial arc VMAT plans were generated with four different ITVs: ITVall, ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases, representing ITVs generated from all 10 respiratory phases, maximum intensity projection (MIP), average intensity projection (AIP), and 2 extreme respiratory phases. Volumetric and dosimetric differences, as well as MU and delivery time were investigated. Results: Partial arc VMAT irradiated more dose at 2 cm away from planning target volume (PTV) (P = 0.002), however, it achieved better protection on mean lung dose , lung V5, spinal cord, heart and esophagus compared with full arc VMAT. The average MU and delivery time of partial arc VMAT were 240 and 1.6 min less than those of full arc VMAT. There were no significant differences on target coverage and organ at risks (OARs) sparing among four ITVs. The average percent volume differences of ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases to ITVall were 8.6%, 13.4%, and 25.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Although partial arc VMAT delivered more dose 2 cm out of PTV, it decreases the dose to lung, spinal cord, and esophagus, as well decreased the total MU and delivery time compared with full arc VMAT without sacrificing target coverage. Partial arc VMAT was feasible and more efficient for lung SBRT.
文摘Precision radiotherapy is a critical and indispensable cancer treatment means in the modern clinical workflow with the goal of achieving“quality-up and cost-down”in patient care.The challenge of this therapy lies in developing computerized clinical-assistant solutions with precision,automation,and reproducibility built-in to deliver it at scale.In this work,we provide a comprehensive yet ongoing,incomplete survey of and discussions on the recent progress of utilizing advanced deep learning,semantic organ parsing,multimodal imaging fusion,neural architecture search and medical image analytical techniques to address four corner-stone problems or sub-problems required by all precision radiotherapy workflows,namely,organs at risk(OARs)segmentation,gross tumor volume(GTV)segmentation,metastasized lymph node(LN)detection,and clinical tumor volume(CTV)segmentation.Without loss of generality,we mainly focus on using esophageal and head-and-neck cancers as examples,but the methods can be extrapolated to other types of cancers.High-precision,automated and highly reproducible OAR/GTV/LN/CTV auto-delineation techniques have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing the inter-practitioner variabilities and the time cost to permit rapid treatment planning and adaptive replanning for the benefit of patients.Through the presentation of the achievements and limitations of these techniques in this review,we hope to encourage more collective multidisciplinary precision radiotherapy workflows to transpire.
基金partly supported by the Yan’an University Qin Chuanyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Special Fund,No.2023KXJ-012(to YL)Yan’an University Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Fund,No.2023CGZH-001(to YL)+2 种基金College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,Nos.D2023158,202410719056(to XS,JM)Yan’an University Production and Cultivation Project,No.CXY202001(to YL)Kweichow Moutai Hospital Research and Talent Development Fund Project,No.MTyk2022-25(to XO)。
文摘The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,KSA,for funding this work through the Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/164/46.
文摘Background:Stomach cancer(SC)is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment.The transcriptomic,epigenomic,and proteomic,etc.,omics datasets generated by high-throughput sequencing technology have become prominent in biomedical research,and they reveal molecular aspects of cancer diagnosis and therapy.Despite the development of advanced sequencing technology,the presence of high-dimensionality in multi-omics data makes it challenging to interpret the data.Methods:In this study,we introduce RankXLAN,an explainable ensemble-based multi-omics framework that integrates feature selection(FS),ensemble learning,bioinformatics,and in-silico validation for robust biomarker detection,potential therapeutic drug-repurposing candidates’identification,and classification of SC.To enhance the interpretability of the model,we incorporated explainable artificial intelligence(SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis),as well as accuracy,precision,F1-score,recall,cross-validation,specificity,likelihood ratio(LR)+,LR−,and Youden index results.Results:The experimental results showed that the top four FS algorithms achieved improved results when applied to the ensemble learning classification model.The proposed ensemble model produced an area under the curve(AUC)score of 0.994 for gene expression,0.97 for methylation,and 0.96 for miRNA expression data.Through the integration of bioinformatics and ML approach of the transcriptomic and epigenomic multi-omics dataset,we identified potential marker genes,namely,UBE2D2,HPCAL4,IGHA1,DPT,and FN3K.In-silico molecular docking revealed a strong binding affinity between ANKRD13C and the FDA-approved drug Everolimus(binding affinity−10.1 kcal/mol),identifying ANKRD13C as a potential therapeutic drug-repurposing target for SC.Conclusion:The proposed framework RankXLAN outperforms other existing frameworks for serum biomarker identification,therapeutic target identification,and SC classification with multi-omics datasets.
文摘Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.
基金Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Acoustics and Marine Information Chinese Academy of Sciences(SKL A202507).
文摘Accurate time delay estimation of target echo signals is a critical component of underwater target localization.In active sonar systems,echo signal processing is vulnerable to the effects of reverberation and noise in the maritime environment.This paper proposes a novel method for estimating target time delay using multi-bright spot echoes,assuming the target’s size and depth are known.Aiming to effectively enhance the extraction of geometric features from the target echoes and mitigate the impact of reverberation and noise,the proposed approach employs the fractional order Fourier transform-frequency sliced wavelet transform to extract multi-bright spot echoes.Using the highlighting model theory and the target size information,an observation matrix is constructed to represent multi-angle incident signals and obtain the theoretical scattered echo signals from different angles.Aiming to accurately estimate the target’s time delay,waveform similarity coefficients and mean square error values between the theoretical return signals and received signals are computed across various incident angles and time delays.Simulation results show that,compared to the conventional matched filter,the proposed algorithm reduces the relative error by 65.9%-91.5%at a signal-to noise ratio of-25 dB,and by 66.7%-88.9%at a signal-to-reverberation ratio of−10 dB.This algorithm provides a new approach for the precise localization of submerged targets in shallow water environments.
文摘Background Helical tomotherapy （HT） is a new image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy （IMRT）.The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the target volume and organs at risk （OARs） of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） during helical tomotherapy.Methods Forty-three patients with NPC and treated via HT from March 2008 to January 2010 were reviewed retrospectively.Repeated CT scanning and plan adaptation were conducted at the 20th fraction during radiotherapy.The volumetric differences between the two scans were evaluated for nasopharyngeal tumor and retro- pharyngeal lymph nodes （GTVnx）,neck lymph nodes （GTVnd）,and parotid glands,as well as the axial diameter of the head.Results The median interval between the two scans was 25 days （23-28 days）.The volumetric decrease in GTVnx was 30.1% （median,29.8%） and in GTVnd 41.6% （median,45.9%）.The variation in the GTVnd volume was correlated with the weight loss of the patient.The volume of the left parotid gland decreased by 35.5% （median,33.4%） and of the right parotid glands decreased by 36.8% （median,33.5%）.The axial diameter of the head decreased by 9.39% （median,9.1%）.Conclusions The target volume and OARs of patients with NPC varied considerably during HT.These changes may have potential dosimetric effects on the target volume and/or OARs and influence the clinical outcome.Repeated CT scanning and replanning during the HT for NPC patients with a large target volume or an obvious weight loss are recommended.
基金Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Health Commission(No.AHWj2022b058)Joint Fund for Medical Artificial Intelligence of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC(No.MAI2022Q009)+1 种基金Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fund of USTC(No.WK5290000003)China Scholarship Council(No.202206340057)。
文摘Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment methods for cancer,and the delineation of the radiotherapy target area is the basis and premise of precise treatment.Artificial intelligence technology represented by machine learning has done a lot of research in this area,improving the accuracy and efficiency of target delineation.This article will review the applications and research of machine learning in medical image matching,normal organ delineation and treatment target delineation according to the procudures of doctors to delineate the target volume,and give an outlook on the development prospects.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61271353,61871389)Major Funding Projects of National University of Defense Technology(No.ZK18-01-02)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology(No.SKL2018ZR09).
文摘Airborne LIDAR can flexibly obtain point cloud data with three-dimensional structural information,which can improve its effectiveness of automatic target recognition in the complex environment.Compared with 2D information,3D information performs better in separating objects and background.However,an aircraft platform can have a negative influence on LIDAR obtained data because of various flight attitudes,flight heights and atmospheric disturbances.A structure of global feature based 3D automatic target recognition method for airborne LIDAR is proposed,which is composed of offline phase and online phase.The performance of four global feature descriptors is compared.Considering the summed volume region(SVR) discrepancy in real objects,SVR selection is added into the pre-processing operations to eliminate mismatching clusters compared with the interested target.Highly reliable simulated data are obtained under various sensor’s altitudes,detection distances and atmospheric disturbances.The final experiments results show that the added step increases the recognition rate by above 2.4% and decreases the execution time by about 33%.
文摘AIM: To investigate the angiographic and volumetric effects of mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) inhibitors on angiomyolipomas(AMLs) in a case series of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.METHODS: All patients who underwent catheter angiography prior to and following m TOR inhibitor therapy(n = 3) were evaluated. All cross-sectional imaging studies were analyzed with three-dimensional volumetrics, and tumor volume curves for all three tissue compartments(soft tissue, vascular, and fat) were generated. Segmentation analysis tools were used to automatically create a region of interest(ROI) circumscribing the AML. On magnetic resonance images, the "fat only" map calculated from the in- and opposed-phase gradient recalled echo sequences was used to quantify fat volume within tumors. Tumor vascularity was measured by applying a thresholding toolwithin the ROI on post-contrast subtraction images. On computed tomography images, volume histogram analysis of Hounsfield unit was performed to quantify tumor tissue composition. The angiography procedures were also reviewed, and tumor vascularity based on pre-embolization angiography was characterized in a semi-quantitative manner. RESULTS: Patient 1 presented at the age of 15 with a 6.8 cm right lower pole AML and a 4.0 cm right upper pole AML. Embolization was performed of both tumors, and after a few years of size control, the tumors began to grow, and the patient was initiated on m TOR inhibitor therapy. There was an immediate reduction in the size of both lesions. The patient then underwent repeat embolization and discontinuation of m TOR inhibition, after which point there was a substantial regrowth in both tumors across all tissue compartments. Patient 2 presented at the age of 18 with a right renal AML. Following a brief period of tumor reduction after embolization, she was initiated on m TOR inhibitor therapy, with successful reduction in tumor size across all tissue compartments. As with patient 1, however, there was immediate rebound growth following discontinuation of inhibitor therapy, without sustained control despite repeat embolization. patient 3 presented at the age of 5 with a left renal AML and underwent two embolization procedures without lasting effect prior to starting m TOR inhibition. As with patients 1 and 2, following discontinuation of therapy, there was immediate rebound growth of the tumor. Repeat embolization, however, was notable for a substantial reduction in intratumoral aneurysms and vascularity.CONCLUSION: AML volume reduction as well as posttreatment rebound growth due to m TOR inhibitors involves all three tissue components of the tumor.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2021J02035(to WX).
文摘Regulated cell death is a form of cell death that is actively controlled by biomolecules.Several studies have shown that regulated cell death plays a key role after spinal cord injury.Pyroptosis and ferroptosis are newly discovered types of regulated cell deaths that have been shown to exacerbate inflammation and lead to cell death in damaged spinal cords.Autophagy,a complex form of cell death that is interconnected with various regulated cell death mechanisms,has garnered significant attention in the study of spinal cord injury.This injury triggers not only cell death but also cellular survival responses.Multiple signaling pathways play pivotal roles in influencing the processes of both deterioration and repair in spinal cord injury by regulating pyroptosis,ferroptosis,and autophagy.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively examine the mechanisms underlying regulated cell deaths,the signaling pathways that modulate these mechanisms,and the potential therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury.Our analysis suggests that targeting the common regulatory signaling pathways of different regulated cell deaths could be a promising strategy to promote cell survival and enhance the repair of spinal cord injury.Moreover,a holistic approach that incorporates multiple regulated cell deaths and their regulatory pathways presents a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy for the management of spinal cord injury.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(General Program),Nos.23JCYBJC01390(to RL),22JCYBJC00220(to XC),and 22JCYBJC00210(to QL).
文摘Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.
基金sponsored by the National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program and Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of Fujian,Chinasupported by grants from the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 2018J01275 and 2019J01194)+2 种基金Joint Funds for the innovation of science and Technology,and Fujian province(Grant number 2018Y9109 and 2017Y9078)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 81972717)Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province(grant/award number 2018Y2003).
文摘Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT),as the standard technique,achieves the purpose of improving target coverage and better sparing of normal tissue.Increased attention has been given to explore various strategies for deescalating treatment intensity.The optimization of clinical target volume(CTV)is one of the most active research areas being widely discussed.Although the International Guidelines for the delineating of CTV in NPC had provided important references for clinicians,there are marked variations in practice among different institutions.This article reviews the development of CTV delineation in non-metastatic NPC patients among centers,and compares the similarities and differences in CTV delineation of various current guidelines in the hope of providing insights for future investigation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the development and evolution of CTV delineation on primary tumor and lymph nodes for definitive radiotherapy in non-metastatic NPC through historical lens.We also compare the differences of CTV delineation ways.In addition,we look into the clinical and practical challenges of CTV delineation,hoping to provide direction for future research.
文摘The application of deep learning for target detection in aerial images captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)has emerged as a prominent research focus.Due to the considerable distance between UAVs and the photographed objects,coupled with complex shooting environments,existing models often struggle to achieve accurate real-time target detection.In this paper,a You Only Look Once v8(YOLOv8)model is modified from four aspects:the detection head,the up-sampling module,the feature extraction module,and the parameter optimization of positive sample screening,and the YOLO-S3DT model is proposed to improve the performance of the model for detecting small targets in aerial images.Experimental results show that all detection indexes of the proposed model are significantly improved without increasing the number of model parameters and with the limited growth of computation.Moreover,this model also has the best performance compared to other detecting models,demonstrating its advancement within this category of tasks.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.CI2021A00806High Level Chinese Medical Hospital Promotion Project,No.HLCMHPP2023086the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,No.ZZ17-XRZ-041.
文摘Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is an important stage of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Effective treatment and regulation of CAG are essential to prevent its progression to malignancy.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has shown multi-targeted efficacy in CAG treatment,with advantages in enhancing gastric mucosal barrier defense,improving microcirculation,modulating inflammatory and immune responses,and promoting lesion healing,etc.Clinical studies and meta-analyses indicate that TCM provides significant benefits,with specific Chinese herbal compounds and monomers demonstrating protective effects on the gastric mucosa through mechanisms including anti-inflammation,antioxidation,and regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis,etc.Finally,it is pointed out that the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of CAG requires standardized research and unified standards,and constantly clarifies and improves the evaluation criteria of each dimension of gastric mucosal barrier function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant No.:82204584)Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Projects,China(Project No.:2021JH1/10400055).
文摘Natural products(NPs)have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery.Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents,and corresponding targets.In the present study,an innovative natural product virtual screening-interaction-phenotype(NP-VIP)strategy that integrates virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics to identify and validate the bioactive targets of NPs.This approach reduces false positive results and enhances the efficiency of target identification.Salvia miltiorrhiza(SM),a herb with recognized therapeutic potential against ischemic stroke(IS),was used to illustrate the workflow.Utilizing virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics,potential therapeutic targets for SM in the IS treatment were identified,totaling 29,100,and 78,respectively.Further analysis via the NP-VIP strategy highlighted five high-confidence targets,including poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase 1(PARP1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),amyloid precursor protein(APP),glutamate-ammonia ligase(GLUL),and glutamate decarboxylase 67(GAD67).These targets were subsequently validated and found to play critical roles in the neuroprotective effects of SM.The study not only underscores the importance of SM in treating IS but also sets a precedent for NP research,proposing a comprehensive approach that could be adapted for broader pharmacological explorations.
基金supported by Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-QN-0733)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2022A1515110753)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722583)China Industry-UniversityResearch Innovation Foundation(No.2022IT188)National Key Laboratory of Air-based Information Perception and Fusion and the Aeronautic Science Foundation of China(No.20220001068001)。
文摘The paper presents a two-layer,disturbance-resistant,and fault-tolerant affine formation maneuver control scheme that accomplishes the surrounding of a dynamic target with multiple underactuated Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(QUAVs).This scheme mainly consists of predefinedtime estimators and fixed-time tracking controllers,with a hybrid Laplacian matrix describing the communication among these QUAVs.At the first layer,we devise predefined time estimators for leading and following QUAVs,enabling accurate estimation of desired information.In the second layer,we initially devise a fixed-time hybrid observer to estimate unknown disturbances and actuator faults.Fixedtime translational tracking controllers are then proposed,and the intermediary control input from these controllers is used to extract the desired attitude and angular velocities for the fixed-time rotational tracking controllers.We employ an exact tracking differentiator to handle variables that are challenging to differentiate directly.The paper includes a demonstration of the control system stability through mathematical proof,as well as the presentation of simulation results and comparative simulations.
文摘Peripheral immunity forms the foundation of tumor immunity,while tumor immunity represents a more refined adaptation of peripheral immune responses.The tumor microenvironment(TME),a localized niche surrounding tumor cells,is inherently immunosuppressive(1,2).Effective tumor therapy necessitates the dismantling of this microenvironment,aiming to eradicate tumors from the host system.
