Patients listed for organ transplant frequently have severe coronary artery disease(CAD), which may be treated with drug eluting stents(DES). Everolimus and zotarolimus eluting stents are commonly used. Newer generati...Patients listed for organ transplant frequently have severe coronary artery disease(CAD), which may be treated with drug eluting stents(DES). Everolimus and zotarolimus eluting stents are commonly used. Newer generation biolimus and novolimus eluting biodegradable stents are becoming increasingly popular. Patients undergoing transplant surgery soon after the placement of DES are at increased risk of stent thrombosis(ST) in the perioperative period. Dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor such as clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor is instated post stenting to decrease the incident of ST. Cangrelor has recently been approved by Food and Drug Administration and can be used as a bridging antiplatelet drug. The risk of ischemia vs bleeding must be considered when discontinuing or continuing DAPT for surgery. Though living donor transplant surgery is an elective procedure and can be optimally timed, cadaveric organ availability is unpredictable, therefore, discontinuation of antiplatelet medication cannot be optimally timed. The type of stent and timing of transplant surgery can be of utmost importance. Many platelet function point of care tests such as Light Transmittance Aggregrometry, Thromboelastography Platelet Mapping, VerifyN ow, Multiple Electrode Aggregrometry are used to assess bleeding risk and guide perioperative platelet transfusion. Response to allogenic platelet transfusion to control severe intraoperative bleeding may differ with the antiplatelet drug. In stent thrombosis is an emergency where management with either a drug eluting balloon or a DES has shown superior outcomes. Post-transplant complications often involved stenosis of an important vessel that may need revascularization. DES are now used for endovascular interventions for transplant orthotropic heart CAD, hepatic artery stenosis post liver transplantation, transplant renal artery stenosis following kidney transplantation, etc. Several antiproliferative drugs used in the DES are inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin. Thus they are used for post-transplant immunosuppression to prevent acute rejection in recipients with heart, liver, lung and kidney transplantation. This article describes in detail the various perioperative challenges encountered in organ transplantation surgery and patients with drug eluting stents.展开更多
目的评估高脂血症患者内皮功能与血压变异时率的相关性。方法从2015年6月~12月连续入组京西医院心内科门诊的高胆固醇血症患者46例,其中男性17例,女性29例,平均年龄(61.80±8.96)岁。进行24 h动态血压监测(ABPM)评估血压及计算血压...目的评估高脂血症患者内皮功能与血压变异时率的相关性。方法从2015年6月~12月连续入组京西医院心内科门诊的高胆固醇血症患者46例,其中男性17例,女性29例,平均年龄(61.80±8.96)岁。进行24 h动态血压监测(ABPM)评估血压及计算血压随着时间的变化速度(血压变异时率),包括24 h、日间及夜间的血压变异时率;并通过内皮功能检测仪(Endo PAT 2000)评估内皮功能(以反应性充血指数RHI来表示),RHI≤1.67和RHI>1.67将研究对象分成内皮功能减低组(12例)和内皮功能正常组(34例),比较两组患者临床资料,并通过多元线性回归分析内皮功能与血压变异时率的相关性。结果 46例高脂血症患者平均血压为123/74 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133k Pa),RHI为2.07,收缩压的血压变异时率均高于舒张压,日间平均血压变异时率、24 h血压变异时率、夜间平均血压变异时率呈降低趋势,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。内皮功能减低组患者年龄明显高于内皮功能正常组,而24h平均舒张期(DBP)、夜间DBP变异时率低于内皮功能正常组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。调整性别、年龄、糖尿病、高血压及服用药物情况后,24 h收缩期(SBP)变异时率、日间SBP变异时率每增加0.1 mm Hg/min,RHI分别降低0.25和0.20(P均<0.05)。结论高胆固醇血症患者24 h及日间收缩压变异时率与内皮功能指标呈负相关。展开更多
文摘Patients listed for organ transplant frequently have severe coronary artery disease(CAD), which may be treated with drug eluting stents(DES). Everolimus and zotarolimus eluting stents are commonly used. Newer generation biolimus and novolimus eluting biodegradable stents are becoming increasingly popular. Patients undergoing transplant surgery soon after the placement of DES are at increased risk of stent thrombosis(ST) in the perioperative period. Dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor such as clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor is instated post stenting to decrease the incident of ST. Cangrelor has recently been approved by Food and Drug Administration and can be used as a bridging antiplatelet drug. The risk of ischemia vs bleeding must be considered when discontinuing or continuing DAPT for surgery. Though living donor transplant surgery is an elective procedure and can be optimally timed, cadaveric organ availability is unpredictable, therefore, discontinuation of antiplatelet medication cannot be optimally timed. The type of stent and timing of transplant surgery can be of utmost importance. Many platelet function point of care tests such as Light Transmittance Aggregrometry, Thromboelastography Platelet Mapping, VerifyN ow, Multiple Electrode Aggregrometry are used to assess bleeding risk and guide perioperative platelet transfusion. Response to allogenic platelet transfusion to control severe intraoperative bleeding may differ with the antiplatelet drug. In stent thrombosis is an emergency where management with either a drug eluting balloon or a DES has shown superior outcomes. Post-transplant complications often involved stenosis of an important vessel that may need revascularization. DES are now used for endovascular interventions for transplant orthotropic heart CAD, hepatic artery stenosis post liver transplantation, transplant renal artery stenosis following kidney transplantation, etc. Several antiproliferative drugs used in the DES are inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin. Thus they are used for post-transplant immunosuppression to prevent acute rejection in recipients with heart, liver, lung and kidney transplantation. This article describes in detail the various perioperative challenges encountered in organ transplantation surgery and patients with drug eluting stents.
文摘目的评估高脂血症患者内皮功能与血压变异时率的相关性。方法从2015年6月~12月连续入组京西医院心内科门诊的高胆固醇血症患者46例,其中男性17例,女性29例,平均年龄(61.80±8.96)岁。进行24 h动态血压监测(ABPM)评估血压及计算血压随着时间的变化速度(血压变异时率),包括24 h、日间及夜间的血压变异时率;并通过内皮功能检测仪(Endo PAT 2000)评估内皮功能(以反应性充血指数RHI来表示),RHI≤1.67和RHI>1.67将研究对象分成内皮功能减低组(12例)和内皮功能正常组(34例),比较两组患者临床资料,并通过多元线性回归分析内皮功能与血压变异时率的相关性。结果 46例高脂血症患者平均血压为123/74 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133k Pa),RHI为2.07,收缩压的血压变异时率均高于舒张压,日间平均血压变异时率、24 h血压变异时率、夜间平均血压变异时率呈降低趋势,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。内皮功能减低组患者年龄明显高于内皮功能正常组,而24h平均舒张期(DBP)、夜间DBP变异时率低于内皮功能正常组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。调整性别、年龄、糖尿病、高血压及服用药物情况后,24 h收缩期(SBP)变异时率、日间SBP变异时率每增加0.1 mm Hg/min,RHI分别降低0.25和0.20(P均<0.05)。结论高胆固醇血症患者24 h及日间收缩压变异时率与内皮功能指标呈负相关。
