Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes...Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guid...[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.展开更多
Objective:To compare the risk of target organ damage in masked hypertension(MH)and sustained hypertension(SH).Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.A search of PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Libr...Objective:To compare the risk of target organ damage in masked hypertension(MH)and sustained hypertension(SH).Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.A search of PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library of relevant case-control studies was performed from inception to December 2019,and articles on MH and SH selected according to the inclusion criteria were analyzed.The primary end point was target organ damage in the heart.The secondary end points were target organ damage in the kidneys and blood vessels.Results:Seventeen studies that met the screening criteria were included in the meta-analysis.Compared with the SH group,in the MH group carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)and E/A ratio were signifi cantly greater and the prevalence of left ventricular remodeling and the pulse wave velocity were signifi cantly lower.Other indicators in the heart,kidneys,and blood vessels were not statistically different between the two groups.IMT:P=0.01,E/A ratio:P=0.01,prevalence of left ventricular remodeling:P=0.02,pulse wave velocity:P=0.01.Conclusion:Our study has shown that MH may have almost the same degree of target organ damage as SH,so clinicians may need to consider target organ damage.展开更多
Objective To investigate the relationship between blood pressure trajectories and blood pressure variability with the risk of target organ damage in Chinese population from childhood to middle age.Methods This study i...Objective To investigate the relationship between blood pressure trajectories and blood pressure variability with the risk of target organ damage in Chinese population from childhood to middle age.Methods This study is a population-based,long-term follow-up cohort study.Participants who had their blood pressure measured at least 5 times in the Hanzhong Adolescent hypertension cohort from 1987 to 2023 were included in this study.Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify different systolic and diastolic blood pressure trajectories,and the subjects were divided into lowincreasing group,moderate-increasing group and highincreasing group according to blood pressure trajectories.Blood pressure variability was assessed using standard deviation(SD),variability independent of the mean(VIM),and average real variability(ARV).Target organ damage was evaluated during the final follow-up in 2023(middle age).Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between blood pressure trajectories and blood pressure variability with the risk of target organ damage.Results A total of 2447 subjects were included,with a median age of 48 years,of whom 1373 were male(56.1%).Based on systolic blood pressure,868 were in the low-increasing group,1238 in the moderate-increasing group,and 341 in the highincreasing group.For diastolic blood pressure,the distribution was 894,1263 and 290,respectively.Compared with the low-increasing group of systolic blood pressure,the moderate-increasing group(arteriosclerosis:OR=4.14,95%CI 2.96-5.79;proteinuria:OR=2.06,95%CI 1.38-3.07;left ventricular hypertrophy:OR=1.68,95%CI 1.00-2.82)and high-increasing group(arterial stffness:0R=15.44,95%CI 10.14--23.50;proteinuria:0R=5.80,95%CI 3.63-9.29;left ventricular hypertrophy:OR=2.93,95%CI 1.55-5.53)had a higher risk of target organ damage(all P<0.005).The moderate-increasing group of diastolic blood pressure had a higher incidence of arterial stiffness(OR=3.72,95%CI 2.69-5.12)and proteinuria(OR=1.67,95%CI1.15-2.42)than the low increasing group(all P<0.005),while the highincreasing group had a significantly higher risk of all type of target organ damage compared to the low-increasing group(arterial stiffness:0R=10.84,95%CI 7.08-16.61;proteinuria:0R=3.72,95%CI 2.31-5.99;left ventricular hypertrophy:OR=2.38,95%CI 1.23-4.59;all P<0.005).Additionally,higher systolic blood pressure variability wasassociatedwithan increased incidence of arterial stiffness(SD:OR=2.25,95%CI 1.96-2.57;VIM:0R=1.64,95%CI 1.45-1.86;ARV:OR=1.70,95%CI 1.50-1.93)and proteinuria(SD:OR=1.65,95%CI 1.44-1..89;VIM:OR=1.41,95%CI 1.22-1.63;ARV:OR=1.45,95%CI 1.26-1.67;all P<0.005).The results for diastolic blood pressure variability indicators were similar to those for systolic blood pressure.Conclusion Early-life blood pressuretrajectories are predictive of target organ damage risk in middleage.Higher blood pressure variability is related to an increased risk of arterial stiffness and proteinuria,but is less associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.Focusing on the risk of high blood pressure early in life can help prevent the occurrence of target organ damage in middle age.展开更多
The potential of messenger RNA(m RNA)as a therapeutic tool for treating diseases has garnered considerable interest,especially in the wake of the successful creation of m RNA vaccines to counter corona virus disease 2...The potential of messenger RNA(m RNA)as a therapeutic tool for treating diseases has garnered considerable interest,especially in the wake of the successful creation of m RNA vaccines to counter corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19).Nucleic acid-based drug gene therapies have emerged as exceptionally promising avenues for combating disease.Furthermore,lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are ideal carriers for nucleic acid delivery owing to their ionic nature,which enables nucleic acids to electrostatically interact with intracellular membranes,thereby promoting efficient intracellular nucleic acid release.Unfortunately,the effectiveness of LNPs in targeting organs beyond the liver is relatively poor.Thus,enhanced extrahepatic targeting is another important property that would lead to improved in vivo delivery by LNPs.This review focuses on the fundamental characteristics and functions of LNPs developed to facilitate cellular uptake and ensure effective intracellular release of m RNAs.Promising applications,possible advantages and potential challenges associated with use of LNPs in organ specific delivery and release of m RNAs are summarized.Furthermore,the need for future research to address limitations of currently developed LNPs for clinical applications of the m RNA technology is emphasized.展开更多
Background Hypertensive target organ damage （TOD） is the main reason for mortality or disability in elderly hypertensive patients. The studies on TOD of hypertension in Asia, especially in Chinese elderly hypertensi...Background Hypertensive target organ damage （TOD） is the main reason for mortality or disability in elderly hypertensive patients. The studies on TOD of hypertension in Asia, especially in Chinese elderly hypertensive patients, are very limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and correlative factors of TOD in older Chinese hypertensive inpatients. Methods This is a retrospective survey and data were collected from the computerized medical files of hypertensive inpatients from January of 1993 to December of 2008. The analysis was done on 17 682 inpatients, aged 60 years or older, with a diagnosis of essential hypertension （EH）. The evidence of hypertensive TOD and associated factors with TOD were collected. Results The prevalence of any hypertensive target organ involvement among these subjects was high. In multivariable Logistic regressions adjusted for potentially confounding factors, older age, male gender, diabetes, EH grade 3, systolic blood pressure （SBP）, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, were independently associated with coronary artery disease. Age, duration of EH, EH grade 3, SBP, pulse pressure （PP）, and homocysteine （Hcy） were independently associated with cerebrovascular disease. Age, diabetes, duration of EH, EH grade 3, SBP, PP and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） were independently associated with chronic kidney disease. Male gender, EH grade 3 and SBP were independently associated with aortic dissection. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertensive TOD is high in older Chinese hypertensive inpatients. Various cardiovascular risk factors are associated with hypertensive TOD. The level of SBP and severe hypertension （grade 3 hypertension） are common independent risk factors of TOD.展开更多
Background： Atherosclerosis （AS） is an inflammatory disease. Inflammation was considered to play a role in the whole process of AS. This study aimed to analyze the relationships of inflammatory factors and risk fac...Background： Atherosclerosis （AS） is an inflammatory disease. Inflammation was considered to play a role in the whole process of AS. This study aimed to analyze the relationships of inflammatory factors and risk factors with different target organ damages （TOD） in essential hypertension （EH） patients and to explore its clinical significance. Methods： A total of 294 EH patients were selected and divided into four groups according to their conditions of TOD. Forty-eight healthy subjects were selected as control. The clinical biochemical parameters, serum amyloid A, serum tryptase, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 （Lp-PLA2） in each group were detected, and the related risk factors were also statistically analyzed. Results： Fihrinogen （Fbg） was the most significant independent risk factor in acute coronary syndrome （ACS） group （odds ratio [OR]： 22.242, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 6.458-76.609, P 〈 0.001） with the largest absolute value of the standardized partial regression coefficient B＇ （b＇： 1.079）. Lp-PLA2 was the most significant independent risk factor in stroke group （OR： 13.699, 95% CI： 5.236-35.837, P 〈 0.001） with b＂ 0.708. Uric acid （UA） was the most significant independent risk factor in renal damage group （OR： 15.307, 95% CI：4.022 58.250, P〈0.001）with b＇= 1.026. Conclusions： Fbg, Lp-PLA2, and UA are the strongest independent risk factors toward the occurrence of ACS, ischemic stroke, and renal damage in EH patients, thus exhibiting the greatest impacts on the occurrence ofACS, ischemic stroke, and renal damage in EH patients, respectively.展开更多
The application of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in many insect-resistant varieties by genetic engineering （GE）. Crops expressing Cry toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） have been planted wor...The application of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in many insect-resistant varieties by genetic engineering （GE）. Crops expressing Cry toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） have been planted worldwide, and are an effective tool for pest control. However, one ecological concern regarding the potential effects of insect-resistant GE plants on non-target organisms （NTOs） has been continually debated. In the present study, we briefly summarize the data regarding the development and commercial use of transgenic Bt varieties, elaborate on the procedure and methods for assessing the non-target effects of insect-resistant GE plants, and synthetically analyze the related research results, mostly those published between 2005 and 2010. A mass of laboratory and field studies have shown that the currently available Bt crops have no direct detrimental effects on NTOs due to their narrow spectrum of activity, and Bt crops are increasing the abundance of some beneficial insects and improving the natural control of specific pests. The use of Bt crops, such as Bt maize and Bt cotton, results in significant reductions of insecticide application and clear benefits on the environment and farmer health. Consequently, Bt crops can be a useful component of integrated pest management systems to protect the crop from targeted pests.展开更多
Background:Although multiple measures of blood pressure variability(BPV)have been proposed,whether they are better than mean blood pressure in predicting target organs is unclear.We aimed to determine the relationship...Background:Although multiple measures of blood pressure variability(BPV)have been proposed,whether they are better than mean blood pressure in predicting target organs is unclear.We aimed to determine the relationship between short term BPV and target organ injury.Methods:This study was a retrospective study,and 635 inpatients in the Department of Cardiology from 2015 to 2020 were selected.We divided participants into four groups on the basis of the quartiles of BPV.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the groups,and linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between BPV and target organ damage.Results:The average age of 635 patients was 74.36±6.50 years old.Among them,354 of 627 patients had diminished renal function(56.5%),221of 604 patients had associated left ventricular hypertrophy(36.6%),and 227 of 231 patients had carotid plaque formation(98.3%).The baseline data indicated significant differences in fasting glucose,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,creatinine,glomerular filtration rate,sex,calcium channel blocker use,and the rate of diminished renal function.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BPV was negatively correlated with renal injury(creatinine:r=0.306,p<0.01;estimated glomerular filtration rate:r=0.058,p<0.01),and BPV is positively correlated with cardiac injury(r=0.083,p<0.01).Elevated BPV was not found to be associated with vascularinjury.Conclusion:Renal function decreases with increasing BPV and left ventricular mass increases with increasing BPV.展开更多
Background Catestatin, a chromogranin A-derived peptide, is a potent antagonist of nicotine-evoked catecholamine release. We know that catecholamine plays an important role in cardiovascular remodeling induced by hype...Background Catestatin, a chromogranin A-derived peptide, is a potent antagonist of nicotine-evoked catecholamine release. We know that catecholamine plays an important role in cardiovascular remodeling induced by hypertension, therefore we hypothesized that catestatin would affect target-organ structure during hypertension. Methods Twelve spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） were randomized to SHR control group and catestatin group, the normal control group was comprised of six healthy Wistar-Kyoto rats of the same age. Tail-cuff blood pressure and pulse rate were obtained at weeks 1, 4 and 8. At the end of the eight-week period, the heart, abdominal aorta and left kidney were excised and weighed, VG staining was done and the intima-media thickness of vessels and the collagen volume fraction were assessed by an image acquisition and analysis system. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） was observed by immunohistochemistry, and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to detect the mRNA levels of proliferative genes including cyclin A, ki67 and PCNA in the abdominal aorta. Results All the parameters in SHR observed in the present study increased significantly compared to Wistar Kyoto rats （P 〈0.01 ）. With intervention with catestatin, the systolic blood pressure decreased slightly but it was not significantly different from the SHR control, the cardiac mass index and left ventricular mass index both decreased significantly, the collagen volume fraction decreased by nearly 30% in the heart, by 25% in vessels and by 10% in the kidney, and the intima-media thickness and expression of proliferative genes, including cyclin A, ki67 and PCNA, in the abdominal aorta also decreased significantly. Conclusions The present study indicated that catestatin could ameliorate proliferating changes of heart, kidney and vessels during hypertension, especially to the deposition of interstitial collagen. Blood pressure was not the main factor to mediate this effect, which suggested that catestatin could become a novel protective factor for hypertensive target organs.展开更多
Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield che...Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals.The target screening was initially carried out on 8 suspected organic chlorides by evaluating the capability of the enhanced separation and reliable identification at a trace concentration. GC×GC-TOFMS allowed for the fast and automated analysis of organic chlorides at a level of 200 μg/L. This method was subsequently applied for non-target screening of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals at various locations across China. 22 organic chlorides were identified and verified by comparison with pure standards in the mixed sample. Finally, this method was used to determine the content of the organic chlorides in individual samples. The result showed that the organic chloride levels in 19 of the 39 tested oilfield chemicals were above the threshold limit of 1.0 mg/L.展开更多
目的探讨心电向量图(vectorcardiogram,VCG)早期诊断高血压心脏靶器官损害的意义,并分析不同程度高血压心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。方法120例高血压患者均行心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)、VCG及超声心动图(ultrasound cardiogram,UCG...目的探讨心电向量图(vectorcardiogram,VCG)早期诊断高血压心脏靶器官损害的意义,并分析不同程度高血压心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。方法120例高血压患者均行心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)、VCG及超声心动图(ultrasound cardiogram,UCG)检查,评估患者的心脏电活动变化及心脏结构变化,并比较ECG与VCG对高血压患者心脏电活动异常的检出情况;按VCG及UCG检查结果对高血压患者的心脏靶器官损害情况分为正常组(VCG、UCG均正常,n=40)、电重构组(VCG异常、UCG正常,n=40)及结构异常组(UCG异常,n=40),收集3组患者一般临床资料[年龄、性别、体质量、身高、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)吸烟、饮酒、服药、作息、家族史及合并症等]、血生化指标及动态血压指标[包括24 h平均收缩压(24 h mean systolic blood pressure,24 h SBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24 h mean diastolic blood pressure,24 h DBP)、白昼平均收缩压(daytime average systolic blood pressure,DSBP)、白昼平均舒张压(daytime average diastolic blood pressure,DDBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nighttime average systolic blood pressure,NSBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nighttime average diastolic blood pressure,NDBP)、清晨SBP、清晨DBP、24 h SBP负荷、24 h DBP负荷、SBP变异性、DBP变异性、24 h脉压差(24 h mean pulse pressure,24 h PP)、SBP节律及DBP节律],采用单因素及有序logistic回归分析不同程度高血压心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。结果患者中VCG检出心脏电重构较ECG有优势(P<0.05);3组患者的性别、合并糖尿病、高血压病程、规律服药、家族史、血尿酸、24 h SBP、24 h DBP、DSBP、DDBP、NSBP、NDBP、清晨SBP、清晨DBP、24 h SBP负荷、24 h DBP负荷及24 h PP等指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有序logistic回归分析结果显示,NSBP(OR=1.148,95%CI为1.068~1.232,P<0.001)、性别(OR=4.914,95%CI为1.872~12.897,P=0.001)及家族史(OR=4.707,95%CI为1.099~6.392,P=0.030)是心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。结论VCG对高血压患者早期心脏靶器官电重构的检出较ECG具有优势,NSBP、性别及家族史是高血压心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(General Program),Nos.23JCYBJC01390(to RL),22JCYBJC00220(to XC),and 22JCYBJC00210(to QL).
文摘Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.
基金Supported by Major Program in Zhejiang Science and Technology Department(2008C22G2100038)Emerging Artists Project in Zhejiang Province(21000037)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to supply important basis for developing environment-friendly pesticides with myricetin and crude extract of Myrica rubra leaves as effective components. [ Method] According to ＂Test guidelines for environmental safety evaluation on chemical pesticides＂, the toxicity of myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves on non-target organisms was determined and the safety evaluation was carried out. [Result] MyriceUn and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-target organisms, such as earthworm, silkworm and soil microbes. Myricetin showed low toxicity and the crude extract of M. rubra leaves showed middle toxicity on tadpole. The high-concentration crude extract of M. rubra leaves had some antifeedant effect on silkworm. [ Conclusion] Myricetin and crude extract of M. rubra leaves had low toxicity on non-tar- get organisms in environment and they were relatively safe.
文摘Objective:To compare the risk of target organ damage in masked hypertension(MH)and sustained hypertension(SH).Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.A search of PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library of relevant case-control studies was performed from inception to December 2019,and articles on MH and SH selected according to the inclusion criteria were analyzed.The primary end point was target organ damage in the heart.The secondary end points were target organ damage in the kidneys and blood vessels.Results:Seventeen studies that met the screening criteria were included in the meta-analysis.Compared with the SH group,in the MH group carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)and E/A ratio were signifi cantly greater and the prevalence of left ventricular remodeling and the pulse wave velocity were signifi cantly lower.Other indicators in the heart,kidneys,and blood vessels were not statistically different between the two groups.IMT:P=0.01,E/A ratio:P=0.01,prevalence of left ventricular remodeling:P=0.02,pulse wave velocity:P=0.01.Conclusion:Our study has shown that MH may have almost the same degree of target organ damage as SH,so clinicians may need to consider target organ damage.
文摘Objective To investigate the relationship between blood pressure trajectories and blood pressure variability with the risk of target organ damage in Chinese population from childhood to middle age.Methods This study is a population-based,long-term follow-up cohort study.Participants who had their blood pressure measured at least 5 times in the Hanzhong Adolescent hypertension cohort from 1987 to 2023 were included in this study.Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify different systolic and diastolic blood pressure trajectories,and the subjects were divided into lowincreasing group,moderate-increasing group and highincreasing group according to blood pressure trajectories.Blood pressure variability was assessed using standard deviation(SD),variability independent of the mean(VIM),and average real variability(ARV).Target organ damage was evaluated during the final follow-up in 2023(middle age).Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between blood pressure trajectories and blood pressure variability with the risk of target organ damage.Results A total of 2447 subjects were included,with a median age of 48 years,of whom 1373 were male(56.1%).Based on systolic blood pressure,868 were in the low-increasing group,1238 in the moderate-increasing group,and 341 in the highincreasing group.For diastolic blood pressure,the distribution was 894,1263 and 290,respectively.Compared with the low-increasing group of systolic blood pressure,the moderate-increasing group(arteriosclerosis:OR=4.14,95%CI 2.96-5.79;proteinuria:OR=2.06,95%CI 1.38-3.07;left ventricular hypertrophy:OR=1.68,95%CI 1.00-2.82)and high-increasing group(arterial stffness:0R=15.44,95%CI 10.14--23.50;proteinuria:0R=5.80,95%CI 3.63-9.29;left ventricular hypertrophy:OR=2.93,95%CI 1.55-5.53)had a higher risk of target organ damage(all P<0.005).The moderate-increasing group of diastolic blood pressure had a higher incidence of arterial stiffness(OR=3.72,95%CI 2.69-5.12)and proteinuria(OR=1.67,95%CI1.15-2.42)than the low increasing group(all P<0.005),while the highincreasing group had a significantly higher risk of all type of target organ damage compared to the low-increasing group(arterial stiffness:0R=10.84,95%CI 7.08-16.61;proteinuria:0R=3.72,95%CI 2.31-5.99;left ventricular hypertrophy:OR=2.38,95%CI 1.23-4.59;all P<0.005).Additionally,higher systolic blood pressure variability wasassociatedwithan increased incidence of arterial stiffness(SD:OR=2.25,95%CI 1.96-2.57;VIM:0R=1.64,95%CI 1.45-1.86;ARV:OR=1.70,95%CI 1.50-1.93)and proteinuria(SD:OR=1.65,95%CI 1.44-1..89;VIM:OR=1.41,95%CI 1.22-1.63;ARV:OR=1.45,95%CI 1.26-1.67;all P<0.005).The results for diastolic blood pressure variability indicators were similar to those for systolic blood pressure.Conclusion Early-life blood pressuretrajectories are predictive of target organ damage risk in middleage.Higher blood pressure variability is related to an increased risk of arterial stiffness and proteinuria,but is less associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.Focusing on the risk of high blood pressure early in life can help prevent the occurrence of target organ damage in middle age.
基金supported by Guang Dong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515120001)Shenzhen University 2035 Program for Excellent Research(Nos.00000208 and 00000225)。
文摘The potential of messenger RNA(m RNA)as a therapeutic tool for treating diseases has garnered considerable interest,especially in the wake of the successful creation of m RNA vaccines to counter corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19).Nucleic acid-based drug gene therapies have emerged as exceptionally promising avenues for combating disease.Furthermore,lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are ideal carriers for nucleic acid delivery owing to their ionic nature,which enables nucleic acids to electrostatically interact with intracellular membranes,thereby promoting efficient intracellular nucleic acid release.Unfortunately,the effectiveness of LNPs in targeting organs beyond the liver is relatively poor.Thus,enhanced extrahepatic targeting is another important property that would lead to improved in vivo delivery by LNPs.This review focuses on the fundamental characteristics and functions of LNPs developed to facilitate cellular uptake and ensure effective intracellular release of m RNAs.Promising applications,possible advantages and potential challenges associated with use of LNPs in organ specific delivery and release of m RNAs are summarized.Furthermore,the need for future research to address limitations of currently developed LNPs for clinical applications of the m RNA technology is emphasized.
文摘Background Hypertensive target organ damage （TOD） is the main reason for mortality or disability in elderly hypertensive patients. The studies on TOD of hypertension in Asia, especially in Chinese elderly hypertensive patients, are very limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and correlative factors of TOD in older Chinese hypertensive inpatients. Methods This is a retrospective survey and data were collected from the computerized medical files of hypertensive inpatients from January of 1993 to December of 2008. The analysis was done on 17 682 inpatients, aged 60 years or older, with a diagnosis of essential hypertension （EH）. The evidence of hypertensive TOD and associated factors with TOD were collected. Results The prevalence of any hypertensive target organ involvement among these subjects was high. In multivariable Logistic regressions adjusted for potentially confounding factors, older age, male gender, diabetes, EH grade 3, systolic blood pressure （SBP）, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, were independently associated with coronary artery disease. Age, duration of EH, EH grade 3, SBP, pulse pressure （PP）, and homocysteine （Hcy） were independently associated with cerebrovascular disease. Age, diabetes, duration of EH, EH grade 3, SBP, PP and estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） were independently associated with chronic kidney disease. Male gender, EH grade 3 and SBP were independently associated with aortic dissection. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertensive TOD is high in older Chinese hypertensive inpatients. Various cardiovascular risk factors are associated with hypertensive TOD. The level of SBP and severe hypertension （grade 3 hypertension） are common independent risk factors of TOD.
文摘Background： Atherosclerosis （AS） is an inflammatory disease. Inflammation was considered to play a role in the whole process of AS. This study aimed to analyze the relationships of inflammatory factors and risk factors with different target organ damages （TOD） in essential hypertension （EH） patients and to explore its clinical significance. Methods： A total of 294 EH patients were selected and divided into four groups according to their conditions of TOD. Forty-eight healthy subjects were selected as control. The clinical biochemical parameters, serum amyloid A, serum tryptase, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 （Lp-PLA2） in each group were detected, and the related risk factors were also statistically analyzed. Results： Fihrinogen （Fbg） was the most significant independent risk factor in acute coronary syndrome （ACS） group （odds ratio [OR]： 22.242, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 6.458-76.609, P 〈 0.001） with the largest absolute value of the standardized partial regression coefficient B＇ （b＇： 1.079）. Lp-PLA2 was the most significant independent risk factor in stroke group （OR： 13.699, 95% CI： 5.236-35.837, P 〈 0.001） with b＂ 0.708. Uric acid （UA） was the most significant independent risk factor in renal damage group （OR： 15.307, 95% CI：4.022 58.250, P〈0.001）with b＇= 1.026. Conclusions： Fbg, Lp-PLA2, and UA are the strongest independent risk factors toward the occurrence of ACS, ischemic stroke, and renal damage in EH patients, thus exhibiting the greatest impacts on the occurrence ofACS, ischemic stroke, and renal damage in EH patients, respectively.
文摘The application of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in many insect-resistant varieties by genetic engineering （GE）. Crops expressing Cry toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） have been planted worldwide, and are an effective tool for pest control. However, one ecological concern regarding the potential effects of insect-resistant GE plants on non-target organisms （NTOs） has been continually debated. In the present study, we briefly summarize the data regarding the development and commercial use of transgenic Bt varieties, elaborate on the procedure and methods for assessing the non-target effects of insect-resistant GE plants, and synthetically analyze the related research results, mostly those published between 2005 and 2010. A mass of laboratory and field studies have shown that the currently available Bt crops have no direct detrimental effects on NTOs due to their narrow spectrum of activity, and Bt crops are increasing the abundance of some beneficial insects and improving the natural control of specific pests. The use of Bt crops, such as Bt maize and Bt cotton, results in significant reductions of insecticide application and clear benefits on the environment and farmer health. Consequently, Bt crops can be a useful component of integrated pest management systems to protect the crop from targeted pests.
基金Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Tongzhou,Grant/Award Number:KJ2022CX036Summit Talent Plan,Beijing Hospital Management Center,Grant/Award Number:DFL20190101。
文摘Background:Although multiple measures of blood pressure variability(BPV)have been proposed,whether they are better than mean blood pressure in predicting target organs is unclear.We aimed to determine the relationship between short term BPV and target organ injury.Methods:This study was a retrospective study,and 635 inpatients in the Department of Cardiology from 2015 to 2020 were selected.We divided participants into four groups on the basis of the quartiles of BPV.One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the groups,and linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between BPV and target organ damage.Results:The average age of 635 patients was 74.36±6.50 years old.Among them,354 of 627 patients had diminished renal function(56.5%),221of 604 patients had associated left ventricular hypertrophy(36.6%),and 227 of 231 patients had carotid plaque formation(98.3%).The baseline data indicated significant differences in fasting glucose,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,creatinine,glomerular filtration rate,sex,calcium channel blocker use,and the rate of diminished renal function.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BPV was negatively correlated with renal injury(creatinine:r=0.306,p<0.01;estimated glomerular filtration rate:r=0.058,p<0.01),and BPV is positively correlated with cardiac injury(r=0.083,p<0.01).Elevated BPV was not found to be associated with vascularinjury.Conclusion:Renal function decreases with increasing BPV and left ventricular mass increases with increasing BPV.
文摘Background Catestatin, a chromogranin A-derived peptide, is a potent antagonist of nicotine-evoked catecholamine release. We know that catecholamine plays an important role in cardiovascular remodeling induced by hypertension, therefore we hypothesized that catestatin would affect target-organ structure during hypertension. Methods Twelve spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） were randomized to SHR control group and catestatin group, the normal control group was comprised of six healthy Wistar-Kyoto rats of the same age. Tail-cuff blood pressure and pulse rate were obtained at weeks 1, 4 and 8. At the end of the eight-week period, the heart, abdominal aorta and left kidney were excised and weighed, VG staining was done and the intima-media thickness of vessels and the collagen volume fraction were assessed by an image acquisition and analysis system. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） was observed by immunohistochemistry, and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to detect the mRNA levels of proliferative genes including cyclin A, ki67 and PCNA in the abdominal aorta. Results All the parameters in SHR observed in the present study increased significantly compared to Wistar Kyoto rats （P 〈0.01 ）. With intervention with catestatin, the systolic blood pressure decreased slightly but it was not significantly different from the SHR control, the cardiac mass index and left ventricular mass index both decreased significantly, the collagen volume fraction decreased by nearly 30% in the heart, by 25% in vessels and by 10% in the kidney, and the intima-media thickness and expression of proliferative genes, including cyclin A, ki67 and PCNA, in the abdominal aorta also decreased significantly. Conclusions The present study indicated that catestatin could ameliorate proliferating changes of heart, kidney and vessels during hypertension, especially to the deposition of interstitial collagen. Blood pressure was not the main factor to mediate this effect, which suggested that catestatin could become a novel protective factor for hypertensive target organs.
基金supported by grants from the contract of China Petrochemical Corporation (3020001914-ZC0607-0013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20107073)+1 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Project (2014B030301030)the Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT13078)
文摘Advanced analytical methodology based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is proposed for investigation of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals.The target screening was initially carried out on 8 suspected organic chlorides by evaluating the capability of the enhanced separation and reliable identification at a trace concentration. GC×GC-TOFMS allowed for the fast and automated analysis of organic chlorides at a level of 200 μg/L. This method was subsequently applied for non-target screening of organic chlorides in different oilfield chemicals at various locations across China. 22 organic chlorides were identified and verified by comparison with pure standards in the mixed sample. Finally, this method was used to determine the content of the organic chlorides in individual samples. The result showed that the organic chloride levels in 19 of the 39 tested oilfield chemicals were above the threshold limit of 1.0 mg/L.
文摘目的探讨心电向量图(vectorcardiogram,VCG)早期诊断高血压心脏靶器官损害的意义,并分析不同程度高血压心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。方法120例高血压患者均行心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)、VCG及超声心动图(ultrasound cardiogram,UCG)检查,评估患者的心脏电活动变化及心脏结构变化,并比较ECG与VCG对高血压患者心脏电活动异常的检出情况;按VCG及UCG检查结果对高血压患者的心脏靶器官损害情况分为正常组(VCG、UCG均正常,n=40)、电重构组(VCG异常、UCG正常,n=40)及结构异常组(UCG异常,n=40),收集3组患者一般临床资料[年龄、性别、体质量、身高、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)吸烟、饮酒、服药、作息、家族史及合并症等]、血生化指标及动态血压指标[包括24 h平均收缩压(24 h mean systolic blood pressure,24 h SBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24 h mean diastolic blood pressure,24 h DBP)、白昼平均收缩压(daytime average systolic blood pressure,DSBP)、白昼平均舒张压(daytime average diastolic blood pressure,DDBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nighttime average systolic blood pressure,NSBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nighttime average diastolic blood pressure,NDBP)、清晨SBP、清晨DBP、24 h SBP负荷、24 h DBP负荷、SBP变异性、DBP变异性、24 h脉压差(24 h mean pulse pressure,24 h PP)、SBP节律及DBP节律],采用单因素及有序logistic回归分析不同程度高血压心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。结果患者中VCG检出心脏电重构较ECG有优势(P<0.05);3组患者的性别、合并糖尿病、高血压病程、规律服药、家族史、血尿酸、24 h SBP、24 h DBP、DSBP、DDBP、NSBP、NDBP、清晨SBP、清晨DBP、24 h SBP负荷、24 h DBP负荷及24 h PP等指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有序logistic回归分析结果显示,NSBP(OR=1.148,95%CI为1.068~1.232,P<0.001)、性别(OR=4.914,95%CI为1.872~12.897,P=0.001)及家族史(OR=4.707,95%CI为1.099~6.392,P=0.030)是心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。结论VCG对高血压患者早期心脏靶器官电重构的检出较ECG具有优势,NSBP、性别及家族史是高血压心脏靶器官损害的危险因素。
