Land use/land cover (LULC) changes have become a central issue in current global change and sustainability research. Saudi Arabia has undergone significant change in land use and land cover since the government embark...Land use/land cover (LULC) changes have become a central issue in current global change and sustainability research. Saudi Arabia has undergone significant change in land use and land cover since the government embarked on a course of intense national development 30 years ago, as a result of huge national oil revenues. This study evaluates LULC change in Makkah and Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia from 1986 to 2013 using Landsat images. Maximum likelihood and object-oriented classification were used to develop LULC maps. The change detection was executed using post-classification comparison and GIS. The results indicated that urban areas have increased over the period by approximately 174% in Makkah and 113% in Al-Taif. Analysis of vegetation cover over the study area showed a variable distribution from year to year due to changing average precipitation in this environment. Object-based classification provided slightly greater accuracy than maximum likelihood classification. Information provided by satellite remote sensing can play an important role in quantifying and understanding the relationship between population growth and LULC changes, which can assist future planning and potential environmental impacts of expanding urban areas.展开更多
Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, hydatidosis an important helminthzoonosis affecting sheep in the world. Hydatidosis is a wellknown disease in third world countr...Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, hydatidosis an important helminthzoonosis affecting sheep in the world. Hydatidosis is a wellknown disease in third world countries, especially in rural communities where humans live in close contact with domestic animals and dogs. Dogs act as intermediate hosts. The Al Taif city is about 90 kilometers away from mecca the holy city. In each year, millions of sheep and goats are slaughtered during the pilgrimage season. It is very important to assess the prevalence of hydatidosis since it can be transmitted through dogs which act as definitive hosts for the parasite. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis and the fertility/sterility rates of hydatid cysts in sheep and goats slaughtered in Taif Abattoir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this study, 1098 sheep and 296 goats were examined;162 (13.5%) sheep and 18 (6.1%) goats were found harboring hydatid cysts. In goats 6% were harboring hydaated cyst, and 76% of the goat were of local origin. Differences in prevalence rates were highly significant展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Job satisfaction can affect workers’ behaviour, thereby influencing organisational performance. Workers with low levels of job satisfaction have negative attitudes toward thei...<strong>Background:</strong> Job satisfaction can affect workers’ behaviour, thereby influencing organisational performance. Workers with low levels of job satisfaction have negative attitudes toward their jobs and may cause depression and anxiety. <strong>Purpose:</strong> The main aim of this study is to measure the overall job satisfaction among radiographers in Taif city. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the Minnesota Scoring Questionnaire to measure job satisfaction. The data collection was conducted between September 2018 and April 2019 in all major hospitals in Taif. <strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed that the overall job satisfaction of radiographers was moderate. It is, however, higher among radiographers in armed forces hospitals compared with their counterparts in the Ministry of Health hospitals. The job satisfaction of male radiographers was greater than their female peers. Finally, job satisfaction was high in those who work in advanced modality departments. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Job satisfaction is critical for healthcare workers. This study indicated that job satisfaction is moderate for radiographers in Taif hospitals. Factors affecting their satisfaction include the feel of independence and recognition.展开更多
The goal of this study is to spatially portray Taif’s urban expansion and determine for last 30 years, from 1990 to 2020. It is only including the residential neighborhoods approved by the Taif Municipality, which is...The goal of this study is to spatially portray Taif’s urban expansion and determine for last 30 years, from 1990 to 2020. It is only including the residential neighborhoods approved by the Taif Municipality, which is responsible and organized for urban planning in the city. The geographical location of the city of Taif is a vital crossroad between eastern and western parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which made it a tourist destination, as well as commercial and agricultural preference for many years, as it was considered the summer capital of the KSA. Moreover, it serves as the entrance to Makkah city from the eastern side. The proposed study has necessitated because the lack of recent scientific studies that dealt with the spatial analysis of urban expansion and its trends in the city of Taif and follow the stages of expansion during periods of time by relying on remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. The many development projects in the city of Taif, such as Taif International Airport, the new Taif project, and other projects, which will cause an increase in demand for residential, commercial, industrial and service units have also prompted the proposed study. This was investigated using a multitemporal Landsat data for the years of 1990, 2002 and 2020, as well as census data from 1990 to 2020, along with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The results revealed that over the last 30 years, urban land cover has increased by 20,448 (ha) whereas other land covers, such as green area, have decreased significantly by 14,554 (ha). The results also indicate that the increase in urban areas amounted to 114.8% during the period from 1990 to 2020. The locations of new developments such as Taif airport, Taif university, Ministry of Housing projects, etc. were located to the North and Northeast. This is due to the area’s topography, which played a major role in determining the direction of urban expansion. According to the study, multiple urban centers, rising low-density dispersed communities, and leapfrogging growth were all hallmarks of urban expansion in Taif. The study demonstrated that Taif is at risk of ecosystem loss as a result of continued urban expansion. To ensure environmental sustainability, the current effort asks for actions that will restrict urban sprawl and prepare the city for future growth.展开更多
Language is the best means of communication with the people in your surroundings.People create or find word to name and describe new things which they never saw,examining the role of the speaker’s native language in ...Language is the best means of communication with the people in your surroundings.People create or find word to name and describe new things which they never saw,examining the role of the speaker’s native language in loanword adaptation.This study aimed to investigate how the English loanwords into Taif Arabic(TA)are phonologically adapted.The study adopted a qualitative and descriptive approach.The study collected 190 English loanwords from national TA speakers of various ages,genders,and educational levels.These loanwords were transcribed using IPA symbols.Online Cambridge Dictionary is used to compare the pronunciation of the loanwords in DL and RL.The outcomes of this paper discovered that substitution was the most common adaptive process and deletion was the rarest.It can be concluded that the determinant of the adaptation process is the phonological rules of the speaker’s native language.The results of this study are of great benefit to learners of Arabic English.展开更多
文摘Land use/land cover (LULC) changes have become a central issue in current global change and sustainability research. Saudi Arabia has undergone significant change in land use and land cover since the government embarked on a course of intense national development 30 years ago, as a result of huge national oil revenues. This study evaluates LULC change in Makkah and Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia from 1986 to 2013 using Landsat images. Maximum likelihood and object-oriented classification were used to develop LULC maps. The change detection was executed using post-classification comparison and GIS. The results indicated that urban areas have increased over the period by approximately 174% in Makkah and 113% in Al-Taif. Analysis of vegetation cover over the study area showed a variable distribution from year to year due to changing average precipitation in this environment. Object-based classification provided slightly greater accuracy than maximum likelihood classification. Information provided by satellite remote sensing can play an important role in quantifying and understanding the relationship between population growth and LULC changes, which can assist future planning and potential environmental impacts of expanding urban areas.
文摘Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, hydatidosis an important helminthzoonosis affecting sheep in the world. Hydatidosis is a wellknown disease in third world countries, especially in rural communities where humans live in close contact with domestic animals and dogs. Dogs act as intermediate hosts. The Al Taif city is about 90 kilometers away from mecca the holy city. In each year, millions of sheep and goats are slaughtered during the pilgrimage season. It is very important to assess the prevalence of hydatidosis since it can be transmitted through dogs which act as definitive hosts for the parasite. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis and the fertility/sterility rates of hydatid cysts in sheep and goats slaughtered in Taif Abattoir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this study, 1098 sheep and 296 goats were examined;162 (13.5%) sheep and 18 (6.1%) goats were found harboring hydatid cysts. In goats 6% were harboring hydaated cyst, and 76% of the goat were of local origin. Differences in prevalence rates were highly significant
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Job satisfaction can affect workers’ behaviour, thereby influencing organisational performance. Workers with low levels of job satisfaction have negative attitudes toward their jobs and may cause depression and anxiety. <strong>Purpose:</strong> The main aim of this study is to measure the overall job satisfaction among radiographers in Taif city. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the Minnesota Scoring Questionnaire to measure job satisfaction. The data collection was conducted between September 2018 and April 2019 in all major hospitals in Taif. <strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed that the overall job satisfaction of radiographers was moderate. It is, however, higher among radiographers in armed forces hospitals compared with their counterparts in the Ministry of Health hospitals. The job satisfaction of male radiographers was greater than their female peers. Finally, job satisfaction was high in those who work in advanced modality departments. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Job satisfaction is critical for healthcare workers. This study indicated that job satisfaction is moderate for radiographers in Taif hospitals. Factors affecting their satisfaction include the feel of independence and recognition.
文摘The goal of this study is to spatially portray Taif’s urban expansion and determine for last 30 years, from 1990 to 2020. It is only including the residential neighborhoods approved by the Taif Municipality, which is responsible and organized for urban planning in the city. The geographical location of the city of Taif is a vital crossroad between eastern and western parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which made it a tourist destination, as well as commercial and agricultural preference for many years, as it was considered the summer capital of the KSA. Moreover, it serves as the entrance to Makkah city from the eastern side. The proposed study has necessitated because the lack of recent scientific studies that dealt with the spatial analysis of urban expansion and its trends in the city of Taif and follow the stages of expansion during periods of time by relying on remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. The many development projects in the city of Taif, such as Taif International Airport, the new Taif project, and other projects, which will cause an increase in demand for residential, commercial, industrial and service units have also prompted the proposed study. This was investigated using a multitemporal Landsat data for the years of 1990, 2002 and 2020, as well as census data from 1990 to 2020, along with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The results revealed that over the last 30 years, urban land cover has increased by 20,448 (ha) whereas other land covers, such as green area, have decreased significantly by 14,554 (ha). The results also indicate that the increase in urban areas amounted to 114.8% during the period from 1990 to 2020. The locations of new developments such as Taif airport, Taif university, Ministry of Housing projects, etc. were located to the North and Northeast. This is due to the area’s topography, which played a major role in determining the direction of urban expansion. According to the study, multiple urban centers, rising low-density dispersed communities, and leapfrogging growth were all hallmarks of urban expansion in Taif. The study demonstrated that Taif is at risk of ecosystem loss as a result of continued urban expansion. To ensure environmental sustainability, the current effort asks for actions that will restrict urban sprawl and prepare the city for future growth.
文摘Language is the best means of communication with the people in your surroundings.People create or find word to name and describe new things which they never saw,examining the role of the speaker’s native language in loanword adaptation.This study aimed to investigate how the English loanwords into Taif Arabic(TA)are phonologically adapted.The study adopted a qualitative and descriptive approach.The study collected 190 English loanwords from national TA speakers of various ages,genders,and educational levels.These loanwords were transcribed using IPA symbols.Online Cambridge Dictionary is used to compare the pronunciation of the loanwords in DL and RL.The outcomes of this paper discovered that substitution was the most common adaptive process and deletion was the rarest.It can be concluded that the determinant of the adaptation process is the phonological rules of the speaker’s native language.The results of this study are of great benefit to learners of Arabic English.
