At the initial stage of subtle reservoir exploration in the shallow to medium formations of the Taibei Sag, Tuha Basin, so far, three kinds of subtle reservoirs (stratigraphic, lithologic and structural-lithologic res...At the initial stage of subtle reservoir exploration in the shallow to medium formations of the Taibei Sag, Tuha Basin, so far, three kinds of subtle reservoirs (stratigraphic, lithologic and structural-lithologic reservoirs) have been found. Since both the amount and reserve of the discovered subtle reservoirs are small, a great exploration potential remains in the Taibei Sag. The shallow to medium formations in the west of the Taibei Sag were divided into three second-order sequences and ten third-order sequences, of which the rising cyclothems of SQ(J2q) and SQ8 (J2s2) datum level are major exploration targets for the subtle reservoirs (lithologic). The depositional systems of Qiquanhu and Subashi braided river delta were developed there, where the sedimentary sand body is dominated by the regional slopes and slope break belts. There are four main modes the formation of lithologic traps: deltaic front onlap on the slope belt, deltaic front toplap on the slope break belt, lately tilted frontal sand body and sublacustrine fan—slope fan on the slope break belt, of which the first three modes are the major styles of the formation of subtle reservoirs. Major targets for subtle reservoir exploration in the near future include Putaogou Member on the north slope of Huoyanshan, the east slope of Pubei, the nose-like palaeohigh regions of Huobei, Subashi and Lianmuqin, around the Shengbei secondary sag.展开更多
Turpan-Hami Basin is a major petroliferous basin in China. To date the natural gas exploration is concentrated in the Taibei sag. The origin and source of natural gas in the Taibei sag has long been controversial. To ...Turpan-Hami Basin is a major petroliferous basin in China. To date the natural gas exploration is concentrated in the Taibei sag. The origin and source of natural gas in the Taibei sag has long been controversial. To further investigate the origin and source of the natural gas in the Taibei sag, combined with previous studies and the local geological backgrounds, this study collected 23 gas samples from the Baka, Qiuling, Shanshan and Wenmi oil fields in the Taibei sag and analyzed the sample composition, stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of all the gas samples. The results show that, gases from the four oil fields in the Taibei sag are dominated by hydrocarbon gas and belong to wet gas. Methane accounts for 65.84% to 97.94%, the content of heavy hydrocarbon (C2-5) can be up to 34.98%, while the content of nonhydrocarbon (CO2, N2) is trace. The δ13C1 value is –44.9‰ to –40.4‰,δ13C2 is –28.2‰ to –24.9‰,δ13C3 is –27.1‰ to –18.0‰ and δ13C4 is –26.7‰ to –22.1;while the variation of δD1 is not significant from –272‰ to –252‰,δD2 is –236‰ to –200‰ and δD3 is –222‰ to –174‰. Methane and its homologues (C2-5) are characterized by normal stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic distribution pattern, i.e., with the increase of carbon number, methane and its homologues become more and more enriched in 13C or D (δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4<δ13C5,δD1<δD2<δD3), which is consistent with the carbon and hydrogen isotopic features of typical thermogenic gas. All these results show that the natural gases in the four oil fields are coal-derived gas with low maturity (Ro averaged at 0.7%), and are sourced from the Middle-Lower Jurassic coal measure. The hydrogen isotopic data of natural gas are affected by both thermal maturity and the water medium of the environment where source rocks are formed. The hydrogen isotopic data indicate that the source rocks are formed in terrestrial limnetic facies with freshwater. Natural gases from Well Ba23 and Well Ke19 experienced biodegradation in the late stage.展开更多
Based on the latest results of near-source exploration in the Middle and Lower Jurassic of the Tuha Basin,a new understanding of the source rocks,reservoir conditions,and source-reservoir-cap rock combinations of the ...Based on the latest results of near-source exploration in the Middle and Lower Jurassic of the Tuha Basin,a new understanding of the source rocks,reservoir conditions,and source-reservoir-cap rock combinations of the Jurassic Shuixigou Group in the Taibei Sag is established using the concept of the whole petroleum system,and the coal-measure whole petroleum system is analyzed thoroughly.The results are obtained in three aspects.First,the coal-measure source rocks of the Badaowan Formation and Xishanyao Formation and the argillaceous source rocks of the Sangonghe Formation in the Shuixigou Group exhibit the characteristics of long-term hydrocarbon generation,multiple hydrocarbon generation peaks,and simultaneous oil and gas generation,providing sufficient oil and gas sources for the whole petroleum system in the Jurassic coal-bearing basin.Second,multi-phase shallow braided river delta–shallow lacustrine deposits contribute multiple types of reservoirs,e.g.sandstone,tight sandstone,shale and coal rock,in slope and depression areas,providing effective storage space for the petroleum reservoir formation in coal-measure strata.Third,three phases of hydrocarbon charging and structural evolution,as well as effective configuration of multiple types of reservoirs,result in the sequential accumulation of conventional-unconventional hydrocarbons.From high structural positions to depression,there are conventional structural and structural-lithological reservoirs far from the source,low-saturation structural-lithological reservoirs near the source,and tight sandstone gas,coal rock gas and shale oil accumulations within the source.Typically,the tight sandstone gas and coal rock gas are the key options for further exploration,and the shale oil and gas in the depression area is worth of more attention.The new understanding of the whole petroleum system in the coal measures could further enrich and improve the geological theory of the whole petroleum system,and provide new ideas for the overall exploration of oil and gas resources in the Tuha Basin.展开更多
Ilectured at the Taipei Universi-ty of Political Science for three months between May and Aur gust 1994,This gave me a chance to visit the Tibet Buddhist Objects Show put up by the Taiwan Palace Museum,
292 chemical composition data and 82 isotopic composition data of gas samples collected from the Taibei Depression of the Turpan-Hami Basin, West China, were used in the study of their origin. Non-hydrocarbon gas is p...292 chemical composition data and 82 isotopic composition data of gas samples collected from the Taibei Depression of the Turpan-Hami Basin, West China, were used in the study of their origin. Non-hydrocarbon gas is poor in most samples whereas abundant nitrogen in some samples is positively correlated with δ13C1. Although methane is the main constituent, higher molecular gaseous hydrocarbons, from ethane to pentane, are detected in most samples, in accordance with the distribution of oil reservoirs. The stable carbon isotope ratios of methane, eth-ane and propane are defined as δ13C1: -45.5‰ to -33.5‰, δ13C2: -30.2‰ to -10.5‰, and δ13C3: 27.6‰ to -11.2‰, respectively. According to the distribution of carbon isotope ratios, 2 families of gas can be grouped, most showing normal distribution of carbon isotopes, and others having obvious heavier carbon isotopes and being of abnormal distribution. Based on the isotopic composition, the disagreement between the relationship of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2 and that of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2, and the calculated Ro, there are oil-associated gas, coal-derived gas and mixture of them. Other samples with obviously heavier isotopic compositions from the Yanmuxi oilfield of the Taibei Depression have been degraded by organisms.展开更多
文摘At the initial stage of subtle reservoir exploration in the shallow to medium formations of the Taibei Sag, Tuha Basin, so far, three kinds of subtle reservoirs (stratigraphic, lithologic and structural-lithologic reservoirs) have been found. Since both the amount and reserve of the discovered subtle reservoirs are small, a great exploration potential remains in the Taibei Sag. The shallow to medium formations in the west of the Taibei Sag were divided into three second-order sequences and ten third-order sequences, of which the rising cyclothems of SQ(J2q) and SQ8 (J2s2) datum level are major exploration targets for the subtle reservoirs (lithologic). The depositional systems of Qiquanhu and Subashi braided river delta were developed there, where the sedimentary sand body is dominated by the regional slopes and slope break belts. There are four main modes the formation of lithologic traps: deltaic front onlap on the slope belt, deltaic front toplap on the slope break belt, lately tilted frontal sand body and sublacustrine fan—slope fan on the slope break belt, of which the first three modes are the major styles of the formation of subtle reservoirs. Major targets for subtle reservoir exploration in the near future include Putaogou Member on the north slope of Huoyanshan, the east slope of Pubei, the nose-like palaeohigh regions of Huobei, Subashi and Lianmuqin, around the Shengbei secondary sag.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41472120)China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05007-01)
文摘Turpan-Hami Basin is a major petroliferous basin in China. To date the natural gas exploration is concentrated in the Taibei sag. The origin and source of natural gas in the Taibei sag has long been controversial. To further investigate the origin and source of the natural gas in the Taibei sag, combined with previous studies and the local geological backgrounds, this study collected 23 gas samples from the Baka, Qiuling, Shanshan and Wenmi oil fields in the Taibei sag and analyzed the sample composition, stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of all the gas samples. The results show that, gases from the four oil fields in the Taibei sag are dominated by hydrocarbon gas and belong to wet gas. Methane accounts for 65.84% to 97.94%, the content of heavy hydrocarbon (C2-5) can be up to 34.98%, while the content of nonhydrocarbon (CO2, N2) is trace. The δ13C1 value is –44.9‰ to –40.4‰,δ13C2 is –28.2‰ to –24.9‰,δ13C3 is –27.1‰ to –18.0‰ and δ13C4 is –26.7‰ to –22.1;while the variation of δD1 is not significant from –272‰ to –252‰,δD2 is –236‰ to –200‰ and δD3 is –222‰ to –174‰. Methane and its homologues (C2-5) are characterized by normal stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic distribution pattern, i.e., with the increase of carbon number, methane and its homologues become more and more enriched in 13C or D (δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4<δ13C5,δD1<δD2<δD3), which is consistent with the carbon and hydrogen isotopic features of typical thermogenic gas. All these results show that the natural gases in the four oil fields are coal-derived gas with low maturity (Ro averaged at 0.7%), and are sourced from the Middle-Lower Jurassic coal measure. The hydrogen isotopic data of natural gas are affected by both thermal maturity and the water medium of the environment where source rocks are formed. The hydrogen isotopic data indicate that the source rocks are formed in terrestrial limnetic facies with freshwater. Natural gases from Well Ba23 and Well Ke19 experienced biodegradation in the late stage.
基金Supported by the“Tianshan Talent”Project of Xinjiang(2022TSYCLJ0070)CNPC Technology Project(2023ZZ18)。
文摘Based on the latest results of near-source exploration in the Middle and Lower Jurassic of the Tuha Basin,a new understanding of the source rocks,reservoir conditions,and source-reservoir-cap rock combinations of the Jurassic Shuixigou Group in the Taibei Sag is established using the concept of the whole petroleum system,and the coal-measure whole petroleum system is analyzed thoroughly.The results are obtained in three aspects.First,the coal-measure source rocks of the Badaowan Formation and Xishanyao Formation and the argillaceous source rocks of the Sangonghe Formation in the Shuixigou Group exhibit the characteristics of long-term hydrocarbon generation,multiple hydrocarbon generation peaks,and simultaneous oil and gas generation,providing sufficient oil and gas sources for the whole petroleum system in the Jurassic coal-bearing basin.Second,multi-phase shallow braided river delta–shallow lacustrine deposits contribute multiple types of reservoirs,e.g.sandstone,tight sandstone,shale and coal rock,in slope and depression areas,providing effective storage space for the petroleum reservoir formation in coal-measure strata.Third,three phases of hydrocarbon charging and structural evolution,as well as effective configuration of multiple types of reservoirs,result in the sequential accumulation of conventional-unconventional hydrocarbons.From high structural positions to depression,there are conventional structural and structural-lithological reservoirs far from the source,low-saturation structural-lithological reservoirs near the source,and tight sandstone gas,coal rock gas and shale oil accumulations within the source.Typically,the tight sandstone gas and coal rock gas are the key options for further exploration,and the shale oil and gas in the depression area is worth of more attention.The new understanding of the whole petroleum system in the coal measures could further enrich and improve the geological theory of the whole petroleum system,and provide new ideas for the overall exploration of oil and gas resources in the Tuha Basin.
文摘Ilectured at the Taipei Universi-ty of Political Science for three months between May and Aur gust 1994,This gave me a chance to visit the Tibet Buddhist Objects Show put up by the Taiwan Palace Museum,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 40973041)National Major Science and Technology Special Project (Grant No 2008ZX05007)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2009CDB205)
文摘292 chemical composition data and 82 isotopic composition data of gas samples collected from the Taibei Depression of the Turpan-Hami Basin, West China, were used in the study of their origin. Non-hydrocarbon gas is poor in most samples whereas abundant nitrogen in some samples is positively correlated with δ13C1. Although methane is the main constituent, higher molecular gaseous hydrocarbons, from ethane to pentane, are detected in most samples, in accordance with the distribution of oil reservoirs. The stable carbon isotope ratios of methane, eth-ane and propane are defined as δ13C1: -45.5‰ to -33.5‰, δ13C2: -30.2‰ to -10.5‰, and δ13C3: 27.6‰ to -11.2‰, respectively. According to the distribution of carbon isotope ratios, 2 families of gas can be grouped, most showing normal distribution of carbon isotopes, and others having obvious heavier carbon isotopes and being of abnormal distribution. Based on the isotopic composition, the disagreement between the relationship of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2 and that of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2, and the calculated Ro, there are oil-associated gas, coal-derived gas and mixture of them. Other samples with obviously heavier isotopic compositions from the Yanmuxi oilfield of the Taibei Depression have been degraded by organisms.
