A method for calculating the radiation spectrum of an arbitrary black holes was recently proposed by Ma et al.,[Europhys.Lett.122(2018) 30001] in which a non-thermal spectrum of a black hole can be obtained from its e...A method for calculating the radiation spectrum of an arbitrary black holes was recently proposed by Ma et al.,[Europhys.Lett.122(2018) 30001] in which a non-thermal spectrum of a black hole can be obtained from its entropy using an approach based on canonical typicality.The non-thermal spectrum of a black hole enables a nonzero correlation between the black hole and its radiation, which can ensure that information is conserved during black hole evaporation.In this paper, by using the Kantowski-Sachs metric and Feynman-Hibbs procedure, the entropy of a noncommutative quantum black hole is calculated based on the Wheeler-DeWitt equation.Then, the radiation spectrum of the noncommutative quantum black hole is studied based on canonical typicality method.At last, the correlation between the radiation spectra is calculated.It is shown that the noncommutative effect increases the correlation among radiation and the information remains conserved for noncommutative quantum black holes.展开更多
We discuss the concept of typicality of quantum states at quantum-critical points, using projector Monte Carlo simu- lations of an S ---- 1/2 bilayer Heisenberg antiferromagnet as an illustration. With the projection ...We discuss the concept of typicality of quantum states at quantum-critical points, using projector Monte Carlo simu- lations of an S ---- 1/2 bilayer Heisenberg antiferromagnet as an illustration. With the projection （imaginary） time t scaled as t= aLz, L being the system length and z the dynamic critical exponent （which takes the value z = 1 in the bilayer model studied here）, a critical point can be identified which asymptotically flows to the correct location and universality class with increasing L, independently of the prefactor a and the initial state. Varying the proportionality factor a and the initial state only changes the cross-over behavior into the asymptotic large-L behavior. In some cases, choosing an optimal factor a may also lead to the vanishing of the leading finite-size corrections. The observation of typicality can be used to speed up simulations of quantum criticality, not only within the Monte Carlo approach but also with other numerical methods where imaginary-time evolution is employed, e.g., tensor network states, as it is not necessary to evolve fully to the ground state but only for sufficiently long times to reach the typicality regime.展开更多
The effectiveness of machine learning(ML)models for architectural applications relies on high-quality datasets balanced with advancements in model architecture and computational capacity.Current methods for evaluating...The effectiveness of machine learning(ML)models for architectural applications relies on high-quality datasets balanced with advancements in model architecture and computational capacity.Current methods for evaluating architectural floor plan datasets typically depend on explicit semantic annotations,which limit their effectiveness and scalability when annotations are unavailable or inconsistent.To address this limitation,this research develops an isovist-based latent representation approach to quantitatively measure typicality and diversity within architectural datasets without relying on semantic labels.We introduce Isovist Latent Norm Typicality,a metric that leverages the statistical structure of latent representations derived from isovist morphological features using a variational autoencoder(VAE).This metric quantifies typicality by analyzing distributional shifts in latent representations between individual floor plans and a reference dataset using a modified Wasserstein distance.Experimental results demonstrate the approach’s ability to distinguish typical from atypical floor plan configurations,capturing the morphological features that complement conventional metrics.Comparative analysis indicates that our method provides insights into spatial organization,correlating with conventional properties such as programmatic diversity and spatial openness.By quantifying typicality through purely morphological features,the proposed methodology facilitates dataset curation prior to costly semantic annotation,enhancing dataset quality and enabling scalability to more extensive and diverse architectural datasets.展开更多
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease(CMT) is a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuro pathies;it is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting,as well as sensory dysfunction,that typically begins during adolescenc...Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease(CMT) is a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuro pathies;it is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting,as well as sensory dysfunction,that typically begins during adolescence and ultimately leads to lifelong disability.Occurring in~1 in 2500individuals,CMT is the most common hereditary neuromuscular condition and results from mutations in> 100 different genes.CMT is grouped into type1(CMT1),where demyelination and loss of nerve conduction velocity occur,type 2(CMT2),where motor and sensory axons degenerate without loss of myelination/nerve conduction velocity,and intermediate CMT,where both demyelination and axon loss present alongside intermediate nerve condu ction velocities.展开更多
Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge g...Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge gaps,but its understanding in the academic and policy communities is not yet systematic and comprehensive.Therefore,this study adopts textual analysis,timeline analysis,and game theory methods to comprehensively analyze the process and outcomes of the first Global Stocktake.The study finds that:①The first Global Stocktake underwent three stages,including scientific enhancement,technical dialogue,and political consensus,and took more than five years to reach the final outcome of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)Consensus in which the 1.5℃temperature control target anchored in the scientific enhancement stage set the general tone for the stocktake.②The first Global Stocktake focused on three specific areas—mitigation,adaptation,means of implementation and support—to fully realize the signaling effect.③The most prominent outcome of the stocktake is the new consensus on“transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems”,which specifies the direction for countries to update their nationally determined contributions in 2025 and for the international community to conduct the second Global Stocktake in 2028.④The four groups of countries,namely,developed countries,emerging economies,hydrocarbon-exporting-oriented economies,and climate-vulnerable countries,have different interests and hold distinct core positions,which constrain each other but advance the global stocktake process as a whole.⑤The outcomes of the stocktake are comprehensive and systematic,with as many as 196 consensus items;however,the detailed targets for the three major focus areas are unclear and rigid,and need to be strengthened in the second global stocktake.The study suggests that,on the one hand,China needs to strengthen its policy research in the light of the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake and prepare for the submission of updated nationally determined contribution in 2025 for 2035,which should be consistent with the 1.5℃temperature control target.On the other hand,China should continue to take advantage of the zero-carbon industry to lead global climate change action and expand national development right and international communication capacity.展开更多
Flexible X-ray detectors have garnered considerable attention owing to their extensive applications in three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction, disease diagnosis and nondestructive testing^([1-3]). Conventional X-...Flexible X-ray detectors have garnered considerable attention owing to their extensive applications in three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction, disease diagnosis and nondestructive testing^([1-3]). Conventional X-ray detectors typically employ active-matrix backplanes fabricated on rigid glass substrates, which integrate switching transistors and photodetectors^([4, 5]).展开更多
The manipulation of magnetization and spin polarization using electrical currents represents a fundamental breakthrough in spintronics.It has formed the foundation for data storage and next-generation computing system...The manipulation of magnetization and spin polarization using electrical currents represents a fundamental breakthrough in spintronics.It has formed the foundation for data storage and next-generation computing systems.Spin-transfer torque(STT)and spin-orbit torque(SOT)have emerged as prominent mechanisms in current-driven magnetization switching.However,these approaches typically require critical current densities in the range of 10^(6) to 10^(9) A·cm^(-2),resulting in significant heat generation during data writing processes.Herein,we report the discovery of an ultralow-vertical-current magnetization switching effect in a van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructure based on the modulation of the critical magnetic field(H_(C))using small vertical currents,with a critical current density as low as 1.81A·cm^(-2) and an average effective field(H_(eff)/J_(C))as high as 150.3mT·A^(-1)·cm^(2).This unique magnetization switching effect with ultralow-critical-vertical-current densities typically six to nine orders of magnitude lower than those of the STT and SOT provides a new transformative and viable pathway for developing next-generation spintronic and quantum technologies.展开更多
The accuracy and reliability of non-destructive testing(NDT)approaches in detecting interior corrosion problems are critical,yet research in this field is limited.This work describes a novel way to monitor the structu...The accuracy and reliability of non-destructive testing(NDT)approaches in detecting interior corrosion problems are critical,yet research in this field is limited.This work describes a novel way to monitor the structural integrity of steel gas pipelines that uses advanced numerical modeling techniques to anticipate fracture development and corrosion effects.The objective is to increase pipeline dependability and safety through more precise,real-time health evaluations.Compared to previous approaches,our solution provides higher accuracy in fault detection and quantification,making it ideal for pipeline integritymonitoring in real-world applications.To solve this issue,statistical analysis was conducted on the size and directional distribution features of about 380,000 sets of internal corrosion faults,as well as simulations of erosion and wear patterns on bent pipes.Using real defectmorphologies,we developed a modeling framework for typical interior corrosion flaws.We evaluated and validated the applicability and effectiveness of in-service inspection processes,as well as conducted on-site comparison tests.The results show that(1)the length and width of corrosion defects follow a log-normal distribution,the clock orientation follows a normal distribution,and the peak depth follows a Freundlich EX function distribution pattern;(2)pipeline corrosion defect data can be classified into three classes using the K-means clustering algorithm,allowing rapid and convenient acquisition of typical size and orientation characteristics of internal corrosion defects;(3)the applicability range and boundary conditions of various NDT techniques were verified,establishing comprehensive selection principles for internal corrosion defect detection technology;(4)on-site inspection results showed a 31%The simulation and validation platform for typical interior corrosion issues greatly enhances the accuracy and reliability of detection data.展开更多
Under the current global climate change background,the response of soil heavy metals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau basin to the intensification of climate change is still unclear,leading to the intensification of heavy...Under the current global climate change background,the response of soil heavy metals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau basin to the intensification of climate change is still unclear,leading to the intensification of heavy metal migration in the watershed.We selected cadmium(Cd)in soils of the Taohe River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau as the study object,and established a heavy metal migration simulation model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)to estimate the impact of climate change on Cd migration in the basin.The results indicated that the drought indexes and precipitation were the main determinants of the changes in Cd migration in the basin.The multi–scale drought indexes indicated that the optimal time scale for evaluating the effect of drought on Cd migration in the watershed was 3 months.Higher migration rates were apparent in summer and autumn(wet season)than in winter and spring(dry season).Spring precipitation was significantly and positively correlated with the migration of elemental Cd,and the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)3 drought index was significantly and positively correlated with Cd migration in summer,autumn,and winter.For every 5%increase in precipitation,Cd migration rates increased by 3.55%,0.46%,0.15%,and 0.12%in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.For every 5%decrease in precipitation,Cd migration rates decreased by 0.11%,0.12%,0.14%,and 0.13%in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.The risk of Cd transport in soil continues to increase under future climate change scenarios.展开更多
In the context of the continuous deepening of the“Double Reduction”policy and the growing demand for quality education,leveled mathematics readers,as an emerging form of publishing that integrates subject education ...In the context of the continuous deepening of the“Double Reduction”policy and the growing demand for quality education,leveled mathematics readers,as an emerging form of publishing that integrates subject education and reading experience,face challenges such as unclear leveling logic,insufficient functional support,and weak user engagement.This paper introduces the 4V marketing theory and constructs an analytical framework from four dimensions:differentiation,functionality,added value,and resonance.Two representative products,“Climbing Mathematics”and“Spark Mathematics,”are selected for a typical case comparison to identify their strengths and weaknesses in content design,service systems,and brand operation,and to extract transferable strategic elements.The study finds that the user-value-oriented strategy based on the 4V model can effectively address the core issues in the market promotion and user relationship building of leveled mathematics readers,providing practical paths and theoretical support for educational publishing institutions to achieve product innovation and brand upgrading in this niche field.展开更多
Mussels are common anchoring organisms that adhere to the surfaces of various substrates with their byssus.The adhesion of mussel to substrates is contingent upon the presence of mussel foot proteins,of which Mytilus ...Mussels are common anchoring organisms that adhere to the surfaces of various substrates with their byssus.The adhesion of mussel to substrates is contingent upon the presence of mussel foot proteins,of which Mytilus edulis foot protein-1(Mefp-1)has been identified as the most abundant protein.It has been found that lipids are involved in the mussel adhesion process and can facilitate Mefp-1adhesion.In this research,the adhesion behavior of Mefp-1 on various substrate surfaces under the effect of typical seawater cations with or without the presence of lipid were investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D).Results indicate that the presence of cations Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+),and K^(+)leads to varying degrees of reduction in the adhesion performance of Mefp-1 on different substrates.The degree of this reduction,however,was much alleviated in the presence of palmitic acid,which is involved in the mussel adhesion process.Therefore,the involvement of palmitic acid is advantageous for mussel protein adhesion to the substrate surface in the marine environment.This study illustrated the significant contribution of palmitic acid to mussel adhesion,which can help to better understand biofouling mechanisms and develop biomimetic adhesive materials.展开更多
The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory si...The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory signals from stellar-mass binary black holes(BBHs),typically targeted by ground-based detectors.We use DECIGO detector as an example.Over 5 years,DECIGO is estimated to detect approximately 2,036 memory signals(SNRs>3)from stellar-mass BBHs.Simulations used frequency-domain memory waveforms for direct SNR estimation.Predictions utilized a GWTC-3 constrained BBH population model(Power law+Peak mass,DEFAULT spin,Madau-Dickinson merger rate).The analysis used conservative lower merger rate limits and considered orbital eccentricity.The high detection rate stems from strong memory signals within DECIGO’s bandwidth and the abundance of stellar-mass BBHs.This substantial and conservative detection count enables statistical use of the memory effect for fundamental physics and astrophysics.DECIGO exemplifies that space interferometers may better detect memory signals from smaller mass binaries than their typical targets.Detectors in lower frequency bands are expected to find strong memory signals from∼10^(4)M⊙binaries.展开更多
The presence of a van Hove singularity(vHS)at the Fermi level can trigger magnetic instability by mediating a spontaneous transition from paramagnetic to magnetically ordered states.While electrostatic doping(typicall...The presence of a van Hove singularity(vHS)at the Fermi level can trigger magnetic instability by mediating a spontaneous transition from paramagnetic to magnetically ordered states.While electrostatic doping(typically achieved via ionic gating)to shift the vHS to the Fermi level provides a general mechanism for engineering such magnetism,its volatile nature often leads to the collapse of induced states upon gate field removal.Here,a novel scheme is presented for non-volatile magnetic control by utilizing ferroelectric heterostructures to achieve reversible magnetism switching.Using two-dimensional VSiN_(3),a nonmagnetic material with Mexican-hat electronic band dispersions hosting vHSs,as a prototype,it is preliminarily demonstrated that both electron and hole doping can robustly induce magnetism.Further,by interfacing VSiN_(3)with ferroelectric Sc_(2)CO_(2),reversible switching of its magnetic state via polarization-driven heterointerfacial charge transfer is achieved.This mechanism enables a dynamic transition between insulating and half-metallic phases in VSiN_(3),establishing a pathway to design multiferroic tunnel junctions with giant tunneling electroresistance or magnetoresistance.This work bridges non-volatile ferroelectric control with vHS-enhanced magnetism,opening opportunities for energy-efficient and high-performance spintronic devices and non-volatile memory devices.展开更多
The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland syst...The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland systems.Taking the typical black soil region in Northeast China(TBSN)as an example,this paper combined the concept of‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection with crop-land systems health,constructed a health assessment model for cropland systems,and used Google Earth Engine to conduct a quantitat-ive analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of cropland systems health in TBSN during 2003–2023.By coupling the geographical detector and the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression(MGWR)model,the driving factors of cropland health changes were explored.The study finds that during the research period,the health status of cropland systems in TBSN showed a slight downward trend,and the distribution pattern of cropland systems health gradually shifted from‘better in the east’to‘high in the northeast and low in the southwest’.Changes in average annual sunshine duration,relative humidity,and precipitation had a significant impact on the spa-tial differentiation of cropland systems health in the early stages,and were considered as dominant factors.Meanwhile,the influence of dual dominant factors in the natural environment on cropland systems health is increasing.Furthermore,the MGWR model performed better in revealing the complex relationships between natural and social factors and changes in cropland systems health,demonstrating the significant spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of natural environment and human activities on cropland systems health.The re-search can provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of TBSN and formulate more precise and effective cropland pro-tection policies.展开更多
Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest (mountain dark brown forest soil), dark coni...Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest (mountain dark brown forest soil), dark coniferous forest (mountain brown coniferous forest soil) and erman's birch forest (mountain soddy forest soil) in Changbai Mountain in September 2001. The soil water content was adjusted to five different levels (9%, 21%, 30%, and 43%) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35°C for 24 h. The results indicated that in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35°C. Soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21% to 37%, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. The result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. There were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. The soil respiration rate was highest in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest, middle in erman's birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. The optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35°C and 37% in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest, 25°C and 21% in dark coniferous forest, and 35°C and 37% in erman's birch forest. Because the forests of broad-leaved/Korean pine, dark coniferous and erman's birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4–5°C variation in different forest types during the same period. Thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil. Key words Soil temperature - Soil water content - Soil respiration - The typical forest ecosystem in Changbai Mountain CLC number S7118.51 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271068), the grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ-CX-SW-01-01B-12) and the grant from Advanced Programs of Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: WANG Miao (1964-), male, associate professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Song Funan展开更多
One of the study objectives of global change is land use/cover change (LUCC) by using multiscale remotely sensed data on global and regional scale. In this paper, field sample, digital camera, Landsat-ETM+ (ETM+, Enha...One of the study objectives of global change is land use/cover change (LUCC) by using multiscale remotely sensed data on global and regional scale. In this paper, field sample, digital camera, Landsat-ETM+ (ETM+, Enhanced Thematic Mapper) image and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/the advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) image were integrated to detect, simulate and analyze the vegetation fractional coverage of typical steppe in northern China. The results show: (1) Vegetation fractional coverage measured by digital camera is more precise than results measured by other methods. It can be used to validate other measuring results. (2) Vegetation fractional coverage measured by 1 m 2 field sample change fluctuantly for different observers and for different sample areas. In this experiment, the coverage is generally high compared with the result measured by digital camera, and the average absolute error is 9.92%, but two groups measure results, correlation coefficient r(2) = 0.89. (3) Three kinds of methods using remotely sensed data were adopted to simulate the vegetation fractional coverage. Average absolute errors of the vegetation fractional coverage, measured by ETM+ and NOAA, are respectively 7.03% and 7.83% compared with the result measured by digital camera. When NOAA pixel was decomposed by ETM+ pixels after geometrical registry, the average absolute errors measured by this method is 5.68% compared with the digital camera result. Correction coefficients of three results with digital camera result r(2) are respectively 0.78, 0.61 and 0.76. (4) The result of statistic model established by NOAA-NDVI (NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and the vegetation fractional coverage measured by digital camera show lower precision (r(2) = 0.65) than the result of statistic model established by ETM+-NDVI and digital camera coverage then converted to NOAA image (r(2) = 0.80). Pixel decomposability method improves the precision of measuring the vegetation fractional coverage on a large scale. This is a significant practice on scaling by using remotely sensed data. Integrated application of multi-scale remotely sensed data in earth observation will be an important approach to promoting measuring precision of ecological parameters.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11647060Shaanxi Youth Outstanding Talent Support Planthe Fundamental Research Funds of Xianyang Normal University under Grant Nos.15XSYK034 and XSYGG201802
文摘A method for calculating the radiation spectrum of an arbitrary black holes was recently proposed by Ma et al.,[Europhys.Lett.122(2018) 30001] in which a non-thermal spectrum of a black hole can be obtained from its entropy using an approach based on canonical typicality.The non-thermal spectrum of a black hole enables a nonzero correlation between the black hole and its radiation, which can ensure that information is conserved during black hole evaporation.In this paper, by using the Kantowski-Sachs metric and Feynman-Hibbs procedure, the entropy of a noncommutative quantum black hole is calculated based on the Wheeler-DeWitt equation.Then, the radiation spectrum of the noncommutative quantum black hole is studied based on canonical typicality method.At last, the correlation between the radiation spectra is calculated.It is shown that the noncommutative effect increases the correlation among radiation and the information remains conserved for noncommutative quantum black holes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11734002 and 11775021)the National Science Foundation(Grant No.DMR-1710170)a Simons Investigator Award
文摘We discuss the concept of typicality of quantum states at quantum-critical points, using projector Monte Carlo simu- lations of an S ---- 1/2 bilayer Heisenberg antiferromagnet as an illustration. With the projection （imaginary） time t scaled as t= aLz, L being the system length and z the dynamic critical exponent （which takes the value z = 1 in the bilayer model studied here）, a critical point can be identified which asymptotically flows to the correct location and universality class with increasing L, independently of the prefactor a and the initial state. Varying the proportionality factor a and the initial state only changes the cross-over behavior into the asymptotic large-L behavior. In some cases, choosing an optimal factor a may also lead to the vanishing of the leading finite-size corrections. The observation of typicality can be used to speed up simulations of quantum criticality, not only within the Monte Carlo approach but also with other numerical methods where imaginary-time evolution is employed, e.g., tensor network states, as it is not necessary to evolve fully to the ground state but only for sufficiently long times to reach the typicality regime.
文摘The effectiveness of machine learning(ML)models for architectural applications relies on high-quality datasets balanced with advancements in model architecture and computational capacity.Current methods for evaluating architectural floor plan datasets typically depend on explicit semantic annotations,which limit their effectiveness and scalability when annotations are unavailable or inconsistent.To address this limitation,this research develops an isovist-based latent representation approach to quantitatively measure typicality and diversity within architectural datasets without relying on semantic labels.We introduce Isovist Latent Norm Typicality,a metric that leverages the statistical structure of latent representations derived from isovist morphological features using a variational autoencoder(VAE).This metric quantifies typicality by analyzing distributional shifts in latent representations between individual floor plans and a reference dataset using a modified Wasserstein distance.Experimental results demonstrate the approach’s ability to distinguish typical from atypical floor plan configurations,capturing the morphological features that complement conventional metrics.Comparative analysis indicates that our method provides insights into spatial organization,correlating with conventional properties such as programmatic diversity and spatial openness.By quantifying typicality through purely morphological features,the proposed methodology facilitates dataset curation prior to costly semantic annotation,enhancing dataset quality and enabling scalability to more extensive and diverse architectural datasets.
基金funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/S006990/1, MR/Y010949/1)the Rosetrees Trust (M806)the UCL Neurogenetic Therapies Programme funded by The Sigrid Rausing Trust and the UCL Therapeutic Acceleration Support scheme supported by funding from MRC IAA 2021 UCL MR/X502984/1 (to JNS)。
文摘Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease(CMT) is a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuro pathies;it is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting,as well as sensory dysfunction,that typically begins during adolescence and ultimately leads to lifelong disability.Occurring in~1 in 2500individuals,CMT is the most common hereditary neuromuscular condition and results from mutations in> 100 different genes.CMT is grouped into type1(CMT1),where demyelination and loss of nerve conduction velocity occur,type 2(CMT2),where motor and sensory axons degenerate without loss of myelination/nerve conduction velocity,and intermediate CMT,where both demyelination and axon loss present alongside intermediate nerve condu ction velocities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Study on the Construction of China’s Economic Transformation Model Toward Carbon Neutrality”[Grant No.72140001].
文摘Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge gaps,but its understanding in the academic and policy communities is not yet systematic and comprehensive.Therefore,this study adopts textual analysis,timeline analysis,and game theory methods to comprehensively analyze the process and outcomes of the first Global Stocktake.The study finds that:①The first Global Stocktake underwent three stages,including scientific enhancement,technical dialogue,and political consensus,and took more than five years to reach the final outcome of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)Consensus in which the 1.5℃temperature control target anchored in the scientific enhancement stage set the general tone for the stocktake.②The first Global Stocktake focused on three specific areas—mitigation,adaptation,means of implementation and support—to fully realize the signaling effect.③The most prominent outcome of the stocktake is the new consensus on“transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems”,which specifies the direction for countries to update their nationally determined contributions in 2025 and for the international community to conduct the second Global Stocktake in 2028.④The four groups of countries,namely,developed countries,emerging economies,hydrocarbon-exporting-oriented economies,and climate-vulnerable countries,have different interests and hold distinct core positions,which constrain each other but advance the global stocktake process as a whole.⑤The outcomes of the stocktake are comprehensive and systematic,with as many as 196 consensus items;however,the detailed targets for the three major focus areas are unclear and rigid,and need to be strengthened in the second global stocktake.The study suggests that,on the one hand,China needs to strengthen its policy research in the light of the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake and prepare for the submission of updated nationally determined contribution in 2025 for 2035,which should be consistent with the 1.5℃temperature control target.On the other hand,China should continue to take advantage of the zero-carbon industry to lead global climate change action and expand national development right and international communication capacity.
文摘Flexible X-ray detectors have garnered considerable attention owing to their extensive applications in three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction, disease diagnosis and nondestructive testing^([1-3]). Conventional X-ray detectors typically employ active-matrix backplanes fabricated on rigid glass substrates, which integrate switching transistors and photodetectors^([4, 5]).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0134600)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Grant No.2023JCYJ007)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M711234)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52272152,61674063,and 62074061)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022CFA031)the Foundation of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Grant Nos.JCYJ20180504170444967,JCYJ20210324142010030,and JCYJ20230807143614031)。
文摘The manipulation of magnetization and spin polarization using electrical currents represents a fundamental breakthrough in spintronics.It has formed the foundation for data storage and next-generation computing systems.Spin-transfer torque(STT)and spin-orbit torque(SOT)have emerged as prominent mechanisms in current-driven magnetization switching.However,these approaches typically require critical current densities in the range of 10^(6) to 10^(9) A·cm^(-2),resulting in significant heat generation during data writing processes.Herein,we report the discovery of an ultralow-vertical-current magnetization switching effect in a van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructure based on the modulation of the critical magnetic field(H_(C))using small vertical currents,with a critical current density as low as 1.81A·cm^(-2) and an average effective field(H_(eff)/J_(C))as high as 150.3mT·A^(-1)·cm^(2).This unique magnetization switching effect with ultralow-critical-vertical-current densities typically six to nine orders of magnitude lower than those of the STT and SOT provides a new transformative and viable pathway for developing next-generation spintronic and quantum technologies.
基金The“13th Five-Year Plan”National Science and Technology Major Project,2016ZX05052,Changchao QiThe China National Petroleum Corporation Science and Technology Project,2021DJ6505,Changchao Qi.
文摘The accuracy and reliability of non-destructive testing(NDT)approaches in detecting interior corrosion problems are critical,yet research in this field is limited.This work describes a novel way to monitor the structural integrity of steel gas pipelines that uses advanced numerical modeling techniques to anticipate fracture development and corrosion effects.The objective is to increase pipeline dependability and safety through more precise,real-time health evaluations.Compared to previous approaches,our solution provides higher accuracy in fault detection and quantification,making it ideal for pipeline integritymonitoring in real-world applications.To solve this issue,statistical analysis was conducted on the size and directional distribution features of about 380,000 sets of internal corrosion faults,as well as simulations of erosion and wear patterns on bent pipes.Using real defectmorphologies,we developed a modeling framework for typical interior corrosion flaws.We evaluated and validated the applicability and effectiveness of in-service inspection processes,as well as conducted on-site comparison tests.The results show that(1)the length and width of corrosion defects follow a log-normal distribution,the clock orientation follows a normal distribution,and the peak depth follows a Freundlich EX function distribution pattern;(2)pipeline corrosion defect data can be classified into three classes using the K-means clustering algorithm,allowing rapid and convenient acquisition of typical size and orientation characteristics of internal corrosion defects;(3)the applicability range and boundary conditions of various NDT techniques were verified,establishing comprehensive selection principles for internal corrosion defect detection technology;(4)on-site inspection results showed a 31%The simulation and validation platform for typical interior corrosion issues greatly enhances the accuracy and reliability of detection data.
基金supported by Gansu Provincial Youth Science and Technology Fund Program(No.21JR7RA701)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0605).
文摘Under the current global climate change background,the response of soil heavy metals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau basin to the intensification of climate change is still unclear,leading to the intensification of heavy metal migration in the watershed.We selected cadmium(Cd)in soils of the Taohe River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau as the study object,and established a heavy metal migration simulation model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)to estimate the impact of climate change on Cd migration in the basin.The results indicated that the drought indexes and precipitation were the main determinants of the changes in Cd migration in the basin.The multi–scale drought indexes indicated that the optimal time scale for evaluating the effect of drought on Cd migration in the watershed was 3 months.Higher migration rates were apparent in summer and autumn(wet season)than in winter and spring(dry season).Spring precipitation was significantly and positively correlated with the migration of elemental Cd,and the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)3 drought index was significantly and positively correlated with Cd migration in summer,autumn,and winter.For every 5%increase in precipitation,Cd migration rates increased by 3.55%,0.46%,0.15%,and 0.12%in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.For every 5%decrease in precipitation,Cd migration rates decreased by 0.11%,0.12%,0.14%,and 0.13%in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.The risk of Cd transport in soil continues to increase under future climate change scenarios.
文摘In the context of the continuous deepening of the“Double Reduction”policy and the growing demand for quality education,leveled mathematics readers,as an emerging form of publishing that integrates subject education and reading experience,face challenges such as unclear leveling logic,insufficient functional support,and weak user engagement.This paper introduces the 4V marketing theory and constructs an analytical framework from four dimensions:differentiation,functionality,added value,and resonance.Two representative products,“Climbing Mathematics”and“Spark Mathematics,”are selected for a typical case comparison to identify their strengths and weaknesses in content design,service systems,and brand operation,and to extract transferable strategic elements.The study finds that the user-value-oriented strategy based on the 4V model can effectively address the core issues in the market promotion and user relationship building of leveled mathematics readers,providing practical paths and theoretical support for educational publishing institutions to achieve product innovation and brand upgrading in this niche field.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41776177)the Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Pilot National Laboratory Fund(Nos.2016ASKJ14,QNLM2016ORP0403)。
文摘Mussels are common anchoring organisms that adhere to the surfaces of various substrates with their byssus.The adhesion of mussel to substrates is contingent upon the presence of mussel foot proteins,of which Mytilus edulis foot protein-1(Mefp-1)has been identified as the most abundant protein.It has been found that lipids are involved in the mussel adhesion process and can facilitate Mefp-1adhesion.In this research,the adhesion behavior of Mefp-1 on various substrate surfaces under the effect of typical seawater cations with or without the presence of lipid were investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation(QCM-D).Results indicate that the presence of cations Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+),and K^(+)leads to varying degrees of reduction in the adhesion performance of Mefp-1 on different substrates.The degree of this reduction,however,was much alleviated in the presence of palmitic acid,which is involved in the mussel adhesion process.Therefore,the involvement of palmitic acid is advantageous for mussel protein adhesion to the substrate surface in the marine environment.This study illustrated the significant contribution of palmitic acid to mussel adhesion,which can help to better understand biofouling mechanisms and develop biomimetic adhesive materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11633001,11920101003,and 12205222 for S.H.)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12433001)+1 种基金the Strate-gic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2203001 for Z.C.Z.).
文摘The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity,degenerate vacua,and asymptotic symmetries;its detection is considered challenging.We propose using a space-borne interferometer to detect memory signals from stellar-mass binary black holes(BBHs),typically targeted by ground-based detectors.We use DECIGO detector as an example.Over 5 years,DECIGO is estimated to detect approximately 2,036 memory signals(SNRs>3)from stellar-mass BBHs.Simulations used frequency-domain memory waveforms for direct SNR estimation.Predictions utilized a GWTC-3 constrained BBH population model(Power law+Peak mass,DEFAULT spin,Madau-Dickinson merger rate).The analysis used conservative lower merger rate limits and considered orbital eccentricity.The high detection rate stems from strong memory signals within DECIGO’s bandwidth and the abundance of stellar-mass BBHs.This substantial and conservative detection count enables statistical use of the memory effect for fundamental physics and astrophysics.DECIGO exemplifies that space interferometers may better detect memory signals from smaller mass binaries than their typical targets.Detectors in lower frequency bands are expected to find strong memory signals from∼10^(4)M⊙binaries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62174016,12474047,12204202,and 11974355)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(Grant No.BK20220679)+1 种基金the Fund for Shanxi“1331Project”the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China.
文摘The presence of a van Hove singularity(vHS)at the Fermi level can trigger magnetic instability by mediating a spontaneous transition from paramagnetic to magnetically ordered states.While electrostatic doping(typically achieved via ionic gating)to shift the vHS to the Fermi level provides a general mechanism for engineering such magnetism,its volatile nature often leads to the collapse of induced states upon gate field removal.Here,a novel scheme is presented for non-volatile magnetic control by utilizing ferroelectric heterostructures to achieve reversible magnetism switching.Using two-dimensional VSiN_(3),a nonmagnetic material with Mexican-hat electronic band dispersions hosting vHSs,as a prototype,it is preliminarily demonstrated that both electron and hole doping can robustly induce magnetism.Further,by interfacing VSiN_(3)with ferroelectric Sc_(2)CO_(2),reversible switching of its magnetic state via polarization-driven heterointerfacial charge transfer is achieved.This mechanism enables a dynamic transition between insulating and half-metallic phases in VSiN_(3),establishing a pathway to design multiferroic tunnel junctions with giant tunneling electroresistance or magnetoresistance.This work bridges non-volatile ferroelectric control with vHS-enhanced magnetism,opening opportunities for energy-efficient and high-performance spintronic devices and non-volatile memory devices.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund Project(No.41701424)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science(No.OFSLRSS201716)+1 种基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20240701167FG)Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20230502KJ)。
文摘The health of cropland systems is directly related to the degree of food security guarantee,and the‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection is of great significance for maintaining the health of cropland systems.Taking the typical black soil region in Northeast China(TBSN)as an example,this paper combined the concept of‘quantity-quality-ecology as a whole’protection with crop-land systems health,constructed a health assessment model for cropland systems,and used Google Earth Engine to conduct a quantitat-ive analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of cropland systems health in TBSN during 2003–2023.By coupling the geographical detector and the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression(MGWR)model,the driving factors of cropland health changes were explored.The study finds that during the research period,the health status of cropland systems in TBSN showed a slight downward trend,and the distribution pattern of cropland systems health gradually shifted from‘better in the east’to‘high in the northeast and low in the southwest’.Changes in average annual sunshine duration,relative humidity,and precipitation had a significant impact on the spa-tial differentiation of cropland systems health in the early stages,and were considered as dominant factors.Meanwhile,the influence of dual dominant factors in the natural environment on cropland systems health is increasing.Furthermore,the MGWR model performed better in revealing the complex relationships between natural and social factors and changes in cropland systems health,demonstrating the significant spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of natural environment and human activities on cropland systems health.The re-search can provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of TBSN and formulate more precise and effective cropland pro-tection policies.
基金This study was supported by grant from the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China (No. 30271068) the grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ
文摘Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest (mountain dark brown forest soil), dark coniferous forest (mountain brown coniferous forest soil) and erman's birch forest (mountain soddy forest soil) in Changbai Mountain in September 2001. The soil water content was adjusted to five different levels (9%, 21%, 30%, and 43%) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35°C for 24 h. The results indicated that in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35°C. Soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21% to 37%, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. The result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. There were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. The soil respiration rate was highest in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest, middle in erman's birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. The optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35°C and 37% in broad-leaved/Korean pine forest, 25°C and 21% in dark coniferous forest, and 35°C and 37% in erman's birch forest. Because the forests of broad-leaved/Korean pine, dark coniferous and erman's birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4–5°C variation in different forest types during the same period. Thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil. Key words Soil temperature - Soil water content - Soil respiration - The typical forest ecosystem in Changbai Mountain CLC number S7118.51 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271068), the grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ-CX-SW-01-01B-12) and the grant from Advanced Programs of Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: WANG Miao (1964-), male, associate professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Song Funan
文摘One of the study objectives of global change is land use/cover change (LUCC) by using multiscale remotely sensed data on global and regional scale. In this paper, field sample, digital camera, Landsat-ETM+ (ETM+, Enhanced Thematic Mapper) image and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/the advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) image were integrated to detect, simulate and analyze the vegetation fractional coverage of typical steppe in northern China. The results show: (1) Vegetation fractional coverage measured by digital camera is more precise than results measured by other methods. It can be used to validate other measuring results. (2) Vegetation fractional coverage measured by 1 m 2 field sample change fluctuantly for different observers and for different sample areas. In this experiment, the coverage is generally high compared with the result measured by digital camera, and the average absolute error is 9.92%, but two groups measure results, correlation coefficient r(2) = 0.89. (3) Three kinds of methods using remotely sensed data were adopted to simulate the vegetation fractional coverage. Average absolute errors of the vegetation fractional coverage, measured by ETM+ and NOAA, are respectively 7.03% and 7.83% compared with the result measured by digital camera. When NOAA pixel was decomposed by ETM+ pixels after geometrical registry, the average absolute errors measured by this method is 5.68% compared with the digital camera result. Correction coefficients of three results with digital camera result r(2) are respectively 0.78, 0.61 and 0.76. (4) The result of statistic model established by NOAA-NDVI (NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and the vegetation fractional coverage measured by digital camera show lower precision (r(2) = 0.65) than the result of statistic model established by ETM+-NDVI and digital camera coverage then converted to NOAA image (r(2) = 0.80). Pixel decomposability method improves the precision of measuring the vegetation fractional coverage on a large scale. This is a significant practice on scaling by using remotely sensed data. Integrated application of multi-scale remotely sensed data in earth observation will be an important approach to promoting measuring precision of ecological parameters.
