Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase alle...Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase allele mining using six updated FNP marker systems,the functional haplotypes at Pit,Pib,and Pi63 strictly diverged into the X-populations and were defined as X-R loci,while those at Pi54,Pi37,and Pi36 into the G-populations as G-R loci.The genic diversity at the three X-R loci(16 alleles)was twofold higher than that at the three G-R loci(8 alleles),and the allelic diversity in the Southern region(21 alleles)was nearly double that in the Northeastern region(11 alleles).Both observations reflect a significant difference in genetic diversity between X-and G-populations,and indicate that the effective R-genes mainly originated from X-subspecies.Based on the allelic structures characterized by a set of 10 parameters,8 and 16 alleles were respectively recognized as favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The genotypic structures of the two regional populations were almost different,indicating that the diverged alleles have been further assembled into two series of regional genotypes through long-term breeding programs,despite the presence of one-third of region-common alleles.The genotypic diversity in the Southern region(55 genotypes)was nearly twice as high as that in the Northeastern region(28),which perfectly reflects the aforementioned differences in both genic and allelic diversities.After analyzing the genotypic structures using a set of 13 parameters,4 and 23 genotypes,respectively,can be recommended as the favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The case study serves as a concrete sample of how to identify the favorable and promising alleles and genotypes,and beneficial parents based their comprehensive population structures for gene-designed breeding.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the J...Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Liang et al.1 describe results from the UK Biobank data showing the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)on reducing the risks for vascular events in 11,474 adults with T2D and prediabetes.展开更多
Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a genera...Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a generalized dual symmetric mixed Chernoff inequality for two planar star bodies.As a direct consequence,a new proof of the dual symmetric mixed isoperimetric inequality is presented.展开更多
Acceptor-donor-acceptor(A-D-A)type molecules,of which the novel non-fused azacyclic end-group pyrazoli-nones were modified with chlorine substitution on the phenyl ring,were synthesized.The non-fused azacyclic end-gro...Acceptor-donor-acceptor(A-D-A)type molecules,of which the novel non-fused azacyclic end-group pyrazoli-nones were modified with chlorine substitution on the phenyl ring,were synthesized.The non-fused azacyclic end-group py-razolinones have the advantages of simple synthesis steps,low cost and environmental friendliness,compared to the classical end-group dicyanomethyleneindianone.The properties of the synthesized A-D-A type molecules with non-fused azacyclic end groups were characterized by theoretical calculation,UV-vis absorption,cyclic voltammetry,X-ray diffraction and space charge limited current.It is shown that the strong UV-vis absorptions of the synthesized A-D-A type molecules are located in the wavelength range of 500~700 nm,with a moderate band gap of nearly 1.7 eV.At the same time,the influence of end-group chlorination on the properties of A-D-A type molecules was compared and explored.It is proven that this kind of A-D-A type molecule with non-fused azacyclic end groups has the potential to be applied as interfacial modified layer of the active layer in perovskite solar cell devices.展开更多
In this paper,the authors study the fractional Calderon type commutator T_(Ω,α)^(A)and its maximal operator M_(Ω,α)^(A)with kernels having some kinds of Log-type Dini-condition and obtain the compactness on Morrey...In this paper,the authors study the fractional Calderon type commutator T_(Ω,α)^(A)and its maximal operator M_(Ω,α)^(A)with kernels having some kinds of Log-type Dini-condition and obtain the compactness on Morrey spaces L^(p,λ)(R^(n)).展开更多
In this paper,by utilizing the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality and Rosenthal-type inequality of negatively superadditive dependent(NSD)random arrays and truncated method,we investigate the complete f-moment convergen...In this paper,by utilizing the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality and Rosenthal-type inequality of negatively superadditive dependent(NSD)random arrays and truncated method,we investigate the complete f-moment convergence of NSD random variables.We establish and improve a general result on the complete f-moment convergence for Sung’s type randomly weighted sums of NSD random variables under some general assumptions.As an application,we show the complete consistency for the randomly weighted estimator in a nonparametric regression model based on NSD errors.展开更多
Toxin–antitoxin(TA)systems,which are prevalent in bacteria and archaea,play diverse roles in bacterial physiology and have been proposed to be significant in stress adaptation.Despite the extensive characterization o...Toxin–antitoxin(TA)systems,which are prevalent in bacteria and archaea,play diverse roles in bacterial physiology and have been proposed to be significant in stress adaptation.Despite the extensive characterization of numerous TA systems in various bacteria,the investigation of these systems within Streptococcus suis is still limited.Here,we systematically analyzed the type Ⅱ TA systems of 95 S.suis genomes available in the GenBank database using TAfinder.A total of 612 putative type Ⅱ TA systems were retrieved and classified into 10 categories by phylogenetic analysis.Notably,an elevated occurrence of these TA systems was observed among the important prevalent serotypes 2,4,5,9,14,Chz,NCL1,and NCL3 strains.The following study identified the activities of TA systems using 2 strategies and confirmed the regulatory effect of HigBA on the type Ⅶ secretion system in S.suis by measuringβ-galactosidase activity and transcriptional changes.Moreover,we unveiled a hitherto uncharacterized,highly prevalent novel TA system,with the composition of antitoxin–toxin–antitoxin(SS-ATA),which regulates the downstream two-component signaling system.Altogether,this study systematically analyzed the type Ⅱ TA systems within S.suis,highlighting the widespread distribution of Hig BA and SS-ATA as important regulatory elements in S.suis.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a global public health issue.In 2021,537 million adults were diagnosed with T2D,corresponding to 10.5%of adults aged 20 and older.^(1)T2D increases the risks for morbidity,disability,and prematu...Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a global public health issue.In 2021,537 million adults were diagnosed with T2D,corresponding to 10.5%of adults aged 20 and older.^(1)T2D increases the risks for morbidity,disability,and premature mortality,which increased by 3%between 2000 and 2019.2 Evidence is strong that maintaining a healthy diet,engaging in regular physical activity(PA),and preventing obesity can prevent or delay the incidence of T2D.展开更多
Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture....Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture.In this study,we utilized male C57BL/6 J mice to investigate the role of SIRT3 in T2DM.Decreased SIRT3 expression and impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanism are observed in both in vitro and in vivo models of T2DM.Mechanistically,SIRT3 suppression results in hyperacetylation of FOXO3,hindering the activation of the PINK1/PRKN mediated mitophagy pathway and resulting in accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria.Genetical overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT3 restores deacetylation status of FOXO3,thus facilitating mitophagy and ameliorating osteogenic impairment in T2DM.Collectively,our findings highlight the fundamental regulatory function of SIRT3 in mitochondrial quality control,crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis in T2DM.These insights not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic osteoporosis but also identify SIRT3 as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic osteoporosis.展开更多
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment approach,particularly for type 1 diabetes,where the autoimmune destruction of beta cells necessitates regenerative strategies to restore insulin production.T...Stem cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment approach,particularly for type 1 diabetes,where the autoimmune destruction of beta cells necessitates regenerative strategies to restore insulin production.This article focuses on the recent medical milestone in which autologous stem cell therapy led to insulin independence in a type 1 diabetes patient.This article explores the role of stem cell therapy in reversing diabetes,focusing on the recent medical milestone in which stem cell therapy successfully reversed diabetes in a patient.Stem cells,particularly induced pluripotent stem cells,are used to regenerate pancreatic cells that produce insulin,thereby potentially eliminating the need for insulin injections.The study highlights both the promises and challenges of using stem cell therapy for diabetes including concerns about durability of the response,safety and long-term functionality of generated beta cells.Clinical trials and the ethical considerations of using stem cells are also discussed,along with future directions for stem cell-based diabetes therapies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ(MPS Ⅱ)is a chronic inherited disease with multiorgan involvement,a progressive course,and restricted life expectancy.AIM To evaluate the predictors of fatal outcomes in MPS Ⅱ...BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ(MPS Ⅱ)is a chronic inherited disease with multiorgan involvement,a progressive course,and restricted life expectancy.AIM To evaluate the predictors of fatal outcomes in MPS Ⅱ patients.METHODS In the retrospective cohort study,the clinical,laboratory data and enzyme replacement therapy(ERT)(84.2%)of about 160 patients were extracted and analyzed from the Russian MPS Ⅱ registry,with death as a primary outcome.We compared patients who died(n=20;12.5%)with severe form(n=13;68.4%)and attenuated form(n=6,31.6%)to 140 alive patients.RESULTS Fatal outcomes occurred in 5%,35%,20%,and 40%of patients before 10,10-14,15-19,and≥20 years.The most common causes of death were cardiovascular(29.4%),respiratory failure(17.6%),including pneumonia(17.6%),and their associations(17.6%)and MPS Ⅱ progression(11.8%).Acute or chronic respiratory failure was in 53%.Died patients had higher birth weight,higher age of diagnosis,and start of ERT.Hydrocephalus,hydrocephalus bypass surgery,epilepsy,difficulty swallowing,and impaired movement after 12 years of age were significantly more common in the deceased patients.Cox regression analysis has revealed the following time-dependent covariates of the lethal outcome:1^(st)-year psychomotor development delay,delayed mental and speech development,hydrocephalus,swallow disorders,impossible walking at age>12 years,respiratory disorders,tracheostomy,neuronopathic form.CONCLUSION Increased birth weight,delayed diagnosis and the start of ERT,and development of neuronopathic form with impossible walking after 12 years were the main predictors of the fatal outcome.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅥ(MPSⅥ)is a chronic,progressive,inherited disease with multiorgan involvement and a restricted life expectancy.AIM To investigate the epidemiological,clinical,and genetic charact...BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅥ(MPSⅥ)is a chronic,progressive,inherited disease with multiorgan involvement and a restricted life expectancy.AIM To investigate the epidemiological,clinical,and genetic characteristics of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type 6 and their outcomes using the Russian Federation's national registry,as per the Russian registry,and compare them with previously published data.METHODS In a retrospective cohort study,clinical,laboratory data,molecular genetic analysis results,and enzyme replacement therapy(ERT)data were extracted and analyzed from the Russian MPSⅥregistry for 53 patients,comprising 26 males(49.1%)and 27 females(50.9%).RESULTS The median age of first symptoms was 2 years,ranging from the first months of life to 20 years.A positive family history of MPSⅥwas reported in 19/53(35.8%)patients,a negative family history in 24(45.3%),and missing information in 10(18.9%).The main features of the disease were hepatomegaly(n=23;60.5%),splenomegaly(n=15,39.5%),involvement of otolaryngological organs(n=24/33;72.7%),umbilical and inguinal hernia(n=19/36;52.8%),heart involvement(n=26/32;81.3%)with valve involvement(n=25/26;96.2%)and linear growth delay(n=30/39,76.9%).Two patients(3.8%)died.The most common variants identified in the ARSB gene were c.454C>T and c.194C>T.At the time of data collection,ERT had ever received 48/53(90.5%)patients.CONCLUSION No correlation was observed between the age of onset of the first symptoms,the severity of clinical manifestations,enzyme activity,or nucleotide variants in the ARSB gene.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction(LVDD)is essential for preventing heart failure.B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)is a viable marker for predicting LVDD,as elevated BNP levels have bee...BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction(LVDD)is essential for preventing heart failure.B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)is a viable marker for predicting LVDD,as elevated BNP levels have been associated with worsening LVDD in patients with diabetes over time.However,the utility of BNP as a diagnostic marker in diabetes is controversial,as BNP levels are often low in overweight individuals.AIM To examine the effectiveness of BNP levels and fragmented QRS(fQRS)on electrocardiography for diagnosing LVDD in patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 303 patients with type 2 diabetes(67.4±12.3 years old)with preserved ejection fraction(EF)≥50%admitted to Toyama University Hospital for glycemic management and comorbidity evaluation between November 2017 and April 2021.All participants underwent plasma BNP measurement,electrocardiography,and echocardiography.Cardiologists who were blinded to the BNP results assessed the electrocardiograms and echocardiograms.Subgroup analyses were conducted for overweight individuals.RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis determined optimal BNP cut-off values of 34.8 pg/mL and 7.2 pg/mL for diagnosing LVDD in non-overweight[area under the ROC curve(AUC):0.70]and overweight(AUC:0.55)groups,respectively(P=0.040).In the overweight subgroup,fQRS showed greater diagnostic accuracy for LVDD(AUC:0.67),indicating moderate diagnostic utility compared with the low performance of the BNP cutoff of 35 pg/mL(AUC:0.52)(P=0.010).Multivariate analyses confirmed that fQRS was superior to BNP for LVDD diagnosis regardless of the patient’s weight.CONCLUSION A BNP level≥35 pg/mL in non-overweight individuals may be a reliable LVDD marker.Additionally,fQRS was more effective than BNP in diagnosing LVDD irrespective of the patient’s weight.fQRS can complement BNP in the early detection of LVDD,especially in overweight patients,potentially improving early detection and mitigating progression to heart failure with preserved EF in patients with type 2 diabetes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis th...BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis through binding to dif-ferent ligands.AIM To evaluate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of ACVR1C and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in Chinese Han population.METHODS In this hospital-based cohort study,1043 ESCC patients and 1143 healthy controls were enrolled.Five SNPs(rs4664229,rs4556933,rs77886248,rs77263459,rs6734630)of ACVR1C were assessed by the ligation detection reaction method.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test,genetic model analysis,stratified analysis,linkage disequi-librium test,and haplotype analysis were conducted.RESULTS Participants carrying ACVR1C rs4556933 GA mutant had significantly decreased risk of ESCC,and those with rs77886248 TA mutant were related with higher risk,especially in older male smokers.In the haplotype analysis,ACVR1C Trs4664229Ars4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 increased risk of ESCC,while Trs4664229Grs4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 was associated with lower susceptibility to ESCC.CONCLUSION ACVR1C rs4556933 and rs77886248 SNPs were associated with the susceptibility to ESCC,which could provide a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in Chinese Han population.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of glycemic control and diabetes duration on subsequent myocardial infarction(MI)in patients with both coronary heart disease(CHD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods W...Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of glycemic control and diabetes duration on subsequent myocardial infarction(MI)in patients with both coronary heart disease(CHD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 33,238 patients with both CHD and T2D in Shenzhen,China.Patients were categorized into 6 groups based on baseline fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels and diabetes duration(from the date of diabetes diagnosis to the baseline date)to examine their combined effects on subsequent MI.Cox proportional hazards regression models were used,with further stratification by age,sex,and comorbidities to assess potential interactions.Results Over a median follow-up of 2.4 years,2,110 patients experienced MI.Compared to those with optimal glycemic control(FPG<6.1 mmol/L)and shorter diabetes duration(<10 years),the fullyadjusted hazard ratio(HR)(95%Confidence Interval[95%CI])for those with a diabetes duration of≥10 years and FPG>8.0 mmol/L was 1.93(95%CI:1.59,2.36).The combined effects of FPG and diabetes duration on MI were largely similar across different age,sex,and comorbidity groups,although the excess risk of MI associated with long-term diabetes appeared to be more pronounced among those with atrial fibrillation.Conclusion Our study indicates that glycemic control and diabetes duration significant influence the subsequent occurrence of MI in patients with both CHD and T2D.Tailored management strategies emphasizing strict glycemic control may be particularly beneficial for patients with longer diabetes duration and atrial fibrillation.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression an...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression and diminished chemotherapy efficacy,impacting patient outcomes through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress,activation of metabolic pathways,and altered protein modifications that hinder apoptosis and enhance tumor survival.Clinical evidence shows that T2DM patients experience higher rates of chemoresistance and reduced disease-free survival and overall survival compared to non-diabetic patients.Specifically,those with poor glycemic control exhibit increased chemo-resistance and poorer survival metrics.Antidiabetic treatments,including metformin,acarbose,and gliclazide,show promise in improving chemotherapy response and glycemic management,potentially enhancing patient outcomes.Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive,multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists,endocrino-logists,and surgeons to optimize patient care.Integrated strategies that prioritize glycemic control are essential for reducing chemoresistance and improving survival in CRC patients with T2DM.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)often leads to vascular complications,such as albuminuria.The role of insulin autoantibodies(IAA)and their interaction with D-dimer in this context remains unclear.AIM To inves...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)often leads to vascular complications,such as albuminuria.The role of insulin autoantibodies(IAA)and their interaction with D-dimer in this context remains unclear.AIM To investigate the characteristics of IAA and its effect on albuminuria in T2DM patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 115 T2DM patients with positive IAA induced by exogenous insulin,and 115 age-and sex-matched IAA-negative T2DM patients as controls.Propensity scores were calculated using multivariate logistic regression.Key variables were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)algorithm.We constructed a prediction model and analyzed the association between IAA and albuminuria based on demographic and laboratory parameters.RESULTS The IAA-positive group had significantly higher D-dimer levels[0.30(0.19-0.55)mg/L vs 0.21(0.19-0.33)mg/L,P=0.008]and plasma insulin levels[39.1(12.0-102.7)μU/mL vs 9.8(5.5-17.6)μU/mL,P<0.001]compared to the IAA-negative group.Increases in the insulin dose per weight ratio,diabetes duration,and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)were observed but did not reach statistical significance.The LASSO model identified plasma insulin and D-dimer as key factors with larger coefficients.D-dimer was significantly associated with UACR in the total and IAA-positive groups but not in the IAA-negative group.The odds ratio for D-dimer elevation(>0.5 g/L)was 2.88(95%confidence interval:1.17-7.07)in the IAA-positive group(P interaction<0.05).CONCLUSION D-dimer elevation is an independent risk factor for abnormal albuminuria and interacts with IAA in the development of abnormal albuminuria in T2DM patients.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD),a chronic and com-mon neurodegenerative disease,is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra and abnormal aggregation of alpha-...Parkinson's disease(PD),a chronic and com-mon neurodegenerative disease,is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra and abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin secretion.Extensive evidence has con-firmed shared pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD and T2DM,such as oxidative stress caused by insulin resistance,mitochondrial dysfunction,inflammation,and disorders of energy metabolism.Conventional drugs for treating T2DM,such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ago-nists,affect nerve repair.Even drugs for treating PD,such as levodopa,can affect insulin secretion.This review sum-marizes the relationship between PD and T2DM and related therapeutic drugs from the perspective of insulin signaling pathways in the brain.展开更多
The rare earth elements(REEs)extraction by chemical leaching from ion-adsorption type rare earth ores(IAREO)has led to serious ecological and environmental risks.Conversely,demand for bioleaching is on the rise with t...The rare earth elements(REEs)extraction by chemical leaching from ion-adsorption type rare earth ores(IAREO)has led to serious ecological and environmental risks.Conversely,demand for bioleaching is on the rise with the advantage of being environmental-friendly.As one of the organic acids produced by biological metabolism,citric acid was used to leach REEs and explore the performance and process.The results demonstrate that citric acid exhibits higher leaching efficiency(96.00%)for REEs at a relatively low concentration of 0.01 mol/L compared with(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)(84.29%,0.1 mol/L)and MgSO_(4)(83.99%,0.1 mol/L).Citric acid shows a preference for leaching heavy rare earth elements,with 99%leaching efficiency in IAREO,which shows higher capacity than(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)and MgSO_(4)(as inorganic leaching agents).Kinetic analysis indicates that the leaching process of REEs with citric acid is controlled by both the internal diffusion kinetics and chemical reaction kinetics,which is different from inorganic leaching agents.Visual Minteq calculations confirm that RE-Citrate is the main constituent of the extract solution in the leaching process of the IAREO,thereby enhancing the leaching efficiency of REEs from the IAREO.It suggests that citric acid may be used as a promising organic leaching agent for the environmentalfriendly extraction of REEs from IAREO.展开更多
AIM:To determine the risk factors and time to non-arteric ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)occurrence among Thai type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.METHODS:A retrospective review of 266 newly diagnosed T2DM cases a...AIM:To determine the risk factors and time to non-arteric ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)occurrence among Thai type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.METHODS:A retrospective review of 266 newly diagnosed T2DM cases at Rajavithi Hospital between 2007 and 2016 was conducted to determine time to occurrence of NAION and evaluate associated risk factors.RESULTS:Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most common pre-existing vascular diseases and there was a significant male predominance in the NAION group.The mean age of the NAION group was significantly higher than that of the group without NAION.A higher proportion of subjects in the NAION group had hypertension,dyslipidemia,high diastolic blood pressure,smokers,and had a small cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).Higher levels of triglycerides and lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol in the group with NAION.Fiftyfive patients among 266 participants(20.68%)developed NAION during a mean follow-up time of 81.26±25.04mo.In a multivariable logistic regression analysis,dyslipidemia(OR=8.36,95%CI,3.447–20.273,P<0.001),high low density lipoprotein levels(OR=1.017,95%CI,1.004–1.029,P=0.009),and small CDR(OR=11.92,95%CI,4.477–31.741,P<0.001)were significant risk factors for NAION development.Smoking was the strongest predictive risk(OR=12.843,95%CI,3.959–41.659,P<0.001).Vascular complications of T2DM and aspirin were not associated with NAION.CONCLUSION:T2DM patients with dyslipidemia or a small CDR should be carefully followed up as they are at increased risk of developing NAION.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the National Key R&D Project(2023YFD1400201-02,2023YFD1400203-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870137)+1 种基金the National Transgenic Research Project(2015ZX08001-002)the Key R&D Project of Guangdong Province(2022B0202060005).
文摘Asian rice comprises two major subspecies:Xian(X)and Geng(G),and the diverged resistance genes(R)have provided a foundation for breeding improved cultivars to control rice blast disease.After conducting two-phase allele mining using six updated FNP marker systems,the functional haplotypes at Pit,Pib,and Pi63 strictly diverged into the X-populations and were defined as X-R loci,while those at Pi54,Pi37,and Pi36 into the G-populations as G-R loci.The genic diversity at the three X-R loci(16 alleles)was twofold higher than that at the three G-R loci(8 alleles),and the allelic diversity in the Southern region(21 alleles)was nearly double that in the Northeastern region(11 alleles).Both observations reflect a significant difference in genetic diversity between X-and G-populations,and indicate that the effective R-genes mainly originated from X-subspecies.Based on the allelic structures characterized by a set of 10 parameters,8 and 16 alleles were respectively recognized as favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The genotypic structures of the two regional populations were almost different,indicating that the diverged alleles have been further assembled into two series of regional genotypes through long-term breeding programs,despite the presence of one-third of region-common alleles.The genotypic diversity in the Southern region(55 genotypes)was nearly twice as high as that in the Northeastern region(28),which perfectly reflects the aforementioned differences in both genic and allelic diversities.After analyzing the genotypic structures using a set of 13 parameters,4 and 23 genotypes,respectively,can be recommended as the favorable and promising ones for the regional breeding programs.The case study serves as a concrete sample of how to identify the favorable and promising alleles and genotypes,and beneficial parents based their comprehensive population structures for gene-designed breeding.
文摘Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is an insidious disease associated with neural and vascular complications,acceleration of cardiovascular disease,changes in heart function,and premature death.In the newly released article of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,Liang et al.1 describe results from the UK Biobank data showing the benefits of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)on reducing the risks for vascular events in 11,474 adults with T2D and prediabetes.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Scientic Research Innovation Project of Chongqing Normal University(YKC24010)Chunna Zeng's research was supported by the Major Special Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12141101)+2 种基金the Young Top-Talent program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059145)the Technology Research Foundation of Chongqing Educational committee(KJZD-K202200509)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0937)。
文摘Two sharp Chernoff type inequalities are derived for star bodies in R2,one is an extension of the dual Chernoff-Ou-Pan inequality,and the other is the reverse Chernoff type inequality.Furthermore,we establish a generalized dual symmetric mixed Chernoff inequality for two planar star bodies.As a direct consequence,a new proof of the dual symmetric mixed isoperimetric inequality is presented.
文摘Acceptor-donor-acceptor(A-D-A)type molecules,of which the novel non-fused azacyclic end-group pyrazoli-nones were modified with chlorine substitution on the phenyl ring,were synthesized.The non-fused azacyclic end-group py-razolinones have the advantages of simple synthesis steps,low cost and environmental friendliness,compared to the classical end-group dicyanomethyleneindianone.The properties of the synthesized A-D-A type molecules with non-fused azacyclic end groups were characterized by theoretical calculation,UV-vis absorption,cyclic voltammetry,X-ray diffraction and space charge limited current.It is shown that the strong UV-vis absorptions of the synthesized A-D-A type molecules are located in the wavelength range of 500~700 nm,with a moderate band gap of nearly 1.7 eV.At the same time,the influence of end-group chlorination on the properties of A-D-A type molecules was compared and explored.It is proven that this kind of A-D-A type molecule with non-fused azacyclic end groups has the potential to be applied as interfacial modified layer of the active layer in perovskite solar cell devices.
文摘In this paper,the authors study the fractional Calderon type commutator T_(Ω,α)^(A)and its maximal operator M_(Ω,α)^(A)with kernels having some kinds of Log-type Dini-condition and obtain the compactness on Morrey spaces L^(p,λ)(R^(n)).
基金supported by the National Social Science Fundation(Grant No.21BTJ040)the Project of Outstanding Young People in University of Anhui Province(Grant Nos.2023AH020037,SLXY2024A001).
文摘In this paper,by utilizing the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality and Rosenthal-type inequality of negatively superadditive dependent(NSD)random arrays and truncated method,we investigate the complete f-moment convergence of NSD random variables.We establish and improve a general result on the complete f-moment convergence for Sung’s type randomly weighted sums of NSD random variables under some general assumptions.As an application,we show the complete consistency for the randomly weighted estimator in a nonparametric regression model based on NSD errors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1800904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972650 and 32102673)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(KYCX22_0780)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M682297)。
文摘Toxin–antitoxin(TA)systems,which are prevalent in bacteria and archaea,play diverse roles in bacterial physiology and have been proposed to be significant in stress adaptation.Despite the extensive characterization of numerous TA systems in various bacteria,the investigation of these systems within Streptococcus suis is still limited.Here,we systematically analyzed the type Ⅱ TA systems of 95 S.suis genomes available in the GenBank database using TAfinder.A total of 612 putative type Ⅱ TA systems were retrieved and classified into 10 categories by phylogenetic analysis.Notably,an elevated occurrence of these TA systems was observed among the important prevalent serotypes 2,4,5,9,14,Chz,NCL1,and NCL3 strains.The following study identified the activities of TA systems using 2 strategies and confirmed the regulatory effect of HigBA on the type Ⅶ secretion system in S.suis by measuringβ-galactosidase activity and transcriptional changes.Moreover,we unveiled a hitherto uncharacterized,highly prevalent novel TA system,with the composition of antitoxin–toxin–antitoxin(SS-ATA),which regulates the downstream two-component signaling system.Altogether,this study systematically analyzed the type Ⅱ TA systems within S.suis,highlighting the widespread distribution of Hig BA and SS-ATA as important regulatory elements in S.suis.
文摘Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a global public health issue.In 2021,537 million adults were diagnosed with T2D,corresponding to 10.5%of adults aged 20 and older.^(1)T2D increases the risks for morbidity,disability,and premature mortality,which increased by 3%between 2000 and 2019.2 Evidence is strong that maintaining a healthy diet,engaging in regular physical activity(PA),and preventing obesity can prevent or delay the incidence of T2D.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2021YFA1201404)National Natural Science Foundation of China Major Project (81991514)+6 种基金General Project (82272530, 82372459)Jiangsu Province Medical Innovation Center of Orthopedic Surgery (CXZX202214)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Center FoundationJiangsu Provincial Medical Outstanding Talent FoundationJiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent FoundationJiangsu Provincial Key Medical Talent Foundationthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (14380493, 14380494)
文摘Osteoporosis represents a prevalent and debilitating comorbidity in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which is characterized by suppressed osteoblast function and disrupted bone microarchitecture.In this study,we utilized male C57BL/6 J mice to investigate the role of SIRT3 in T2DM.Decreased SIRT3 expression and impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanism are observed in both in vitro and in vivo models of T2DM.Mechanistically,SIRT3 suppression results in hyperacetylation of FOXO3,hindering the activation of the PINK1/PRKN mediated mitophagy pathway and resulting in accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria.Genetical overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT3 restores deacetylation status of FOXO3,thus facilitating mitophagy and ameliorating osteogenic impairment in T2DM.Collectively,our findings highlight the fundamental regulatory function of SIRT3 in mitochondrial quality control,crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis in T2DM.These insights not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic osteoporosis but also identify SIRT3 as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic osteoporosis.
文摘Stem cell therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment approach,particularly for type 1 diabetes,where the autoimmune destruction of beta cells necessitates regenerative strategies to restore insulin production.This article focuses on the recent medical milestone in which autologous stem cell therapy led to insulin independence in a type 1 diabetes patient.This article explores the role of stem cell therapy in reversing diabetes,focusing on the recent medical milestone in which stem cell therapy successfully reversed diabetes in a patient.Stem cells,particularly induced pluripotent stem cells,are used to regenerate pancreatic cells that produce insulin,thereby potentially eliminating the need for insulin injections.The study highlights both the promises and challenges of using stem cell therapy for diabetes including concerns about durability of the response,safety and long-term functionality of generated beta cells.Clinical trials and the ethical considerations of using stem cells are also discussed,along with future directions for stem cell-based diabetes therapies.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis type Ⅱ(MPS Ⅱ)is a chronic inherited disease with multiorgan involvement,a progressive course,and restricted life expectancy.AIM To evaluate the predictors of fatal outcomes in MPS Ⅱ patients.METHODS In the retrospective cohort study,the clinical,laboratory data and enzyme replacement therapy(ERT)(84.2%)of about 160 patients were extracted and analyzed from the Russian MPS Ⅱ registry,with death as a primary outcome.We compared patients who died(n=20;12.5%)with severe form(n=13;68.4%)and attenuated form(n=6,31.6%)to 140 alive patients.RESULTS Fatal outcomes occurred in 5%,35%,20%,and 40%of patients before 10,10-14,15-19,and≥20 years.The most common causes of death were cardiovascular(29.4%),respiratory failure(17.6%),including pneumonia(17.6%),and their associations(17.6%)and MPS Ⅱ progression(11.8%).Acute or chronic respiratory failure was in 53%.Died patients had higher birth weight,higher age of diagnosis,and start of ERT.Hydrocephalus,hydrocephalus bypass surgery,epilepsy,difficulty swallowing,and impaired movement after 12 years of age were significantly more common in the deceased patients.Cox regression analysis has revealed the following time-dependent covariates of the lethal outcome:1^(st)-year psychomotor development delay,delayed mental and speech development,hydrocephalus,swallow disorders,impossible walking at age>12 years,respiratory disorders,tracheostomy,neuronopathic form.CONCLUSION Increased birth weight,delayed diagnosis and the start of ERT,and development of neuronopathic form with impossible walking after 12 years were the main predictors of the fatal outcome.
文摘BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅥ(MPSⅥ)is a chronic,progressive,inherited disease with multiorgan involvement and a restricted life expectancy.AIM To investigate the epidemiological,clinical,and genetic characteristics of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type 6 and their outcomes using the Russian Federation's national registry,as per the Russian registry,and compare them with previously published data.METHODS In a retrospective cohort study,clinical,laboratory data,molecular genetic analysis results,and enzyme replacement therapy(ERT)data were extracted and analyzed from the Russian MPSⅥregistry for 53 patients,comprising 26 males(49.1%)and 27 females(50.9%).RESULTS The median age of first symptoms was 2 years,ranging from the first months of life to 20 years.A positive family history of MPSⅥwas reported in 19/53(35.8%)patients,a negative family history in 24(45.3%),and missing information in 10(18.9%).The main features of the disease were hepatomegaly(n=23;60.5%),splenomegaly(n=15,39.5%),involvement of otolaryngological organs(n=24/33;72.7%),umbilical and inguinal hernia(n=19/36;52.8%),heart involvement(n=26/32;81.3%)with valve involvement(n=25/26;96.2%)and linear growth delay(n=30/39,76.9%).Two patients(3.8%)died.The most common variants identified in the ARSB gene were c.454C>T and c.194C>T.At the time of data collection,ERT had ever received 48/53(90.5%)patients.CONCLUSION No correlation was observed between the age of onset of the first symptoms,the severity of clinical manifestations,enzyme activity,or nucleotide variants in the ARSB gene.
基金Supported by the JSPS KAKENHI,No.JP21K10300 and No.JP24K02714.
文摘BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction(LVDD)is essential for preventing heart failure.B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)is a viable marker for predicting LVDD,as elevated BNP levels have been associated with worsening LVDD in patients with diabetes over time.However,the utility of BNP as a diagnostic marker in diabetes is controversial,as BNP levels are often low in overweight individuals.AIM To examine the effectiveness of BNP levels and fragmented QRS(fQRS)on electrocardiography for diagnosing LVDD in patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 303 patients with type 2 diabetes(67.4±12.3 years old)with preserved ejection fraction(EF)≥50%admitted to Toyama University Hospital for glycemic management and comorbidity evaluation between November 2017 and April 2021.All participants underwent plasma BNP measurement,electrocardiography,and echocardiography.Cardiologists who were blinded to the BNP results assessed the electrocardiograms and echocardiograms.Subgroup analyses were conducted for overweight individuals.RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis determined optimal BNP cut-off values of 34.8 pg/mL and 7.2 pg/mL for diagnosing LVDD in non-overweight[area under the ROC curve(AUC):0.70]and overweight(AUC:0.55)groups,respectively(P=0.040).In the overweight subgroup,fQRS showed greater diagnostic accuracy for LVDD(AUC:0.67),indicating moderate diagnostic utility compared with the low performance of the BNP cutoff of 35 pg/mL(AUC:0.52)(P=0.010).Multivariate analyses confirmed that fQRS was superior to BNP for LVDD diagnosis regardless of the patient’s weight.CONCLUSION A BNP level≥35 pg/mL in non-overweight individuals may be a reliable LVDD marker.Additionally,fQRS was more effective than BNP in diagnosing LVDD irrespective of the patient’s weight.fQRS can complement BNP in the early detection of LVDD,especially in overweight patients,potentially improving early detection and mitigating progression to heart failure with preserved EF in patients with type 2 diabetes.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82350127 and No.82241013the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.20ZR1411600+2 种基金the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,No.SHDC2020CR4039the Bethune Ethicon Excellent Surgery Foundation,No.CESS2021TC04Xuhui District Medical Research Project of Shanghai,No.SHXH201805.
文摘BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis.Activin A receptor type 1C(ACVR1C)is a TGF-βtype I receptor that is involved in tumorigenesis through binding to dif-ferent ligands.AIM To evaluate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of ACVR1C and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in Chinese Han population.METHODS In this hospital-based cohort study,1043 ESCC patients and 1143 healthy controls were enrolled.Five SNPs(rs4664229,rs4556933,rs77886248,rs77263459,rs6734630)of ACVR1C were assessed by the ligation detection reaction method.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test,genetic model analysis,stratified analysis,linkage disequi-librium test,and haplotype analysis were conducted.RESULTS Participants carrying ACVR1C rs4556933 GA mutant had significantly decreased risk of ESCC,and those with rs77886248 TA mutant were related with higher risk,especially in older male smokers.In the haplotype analysis,ACVR1C Trs4664229Ars4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 increased risk of ESCC,while Trs4664229Grs4556933Trs77886248Crs77263459Ars6734630 was associated with lower susceptibility to ESCC.CONCLUSION ACVR1C rs4556933 and rs77886248 SNPs were associated with the susceptibility to ESCC,which could provide a potential target for early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in Chinese Han population.
基金supported by the R&D project of Pazhou Lab(Huangpu)under Grant 2023K0610the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 12126602)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 82030102)the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(Grants C2302001)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(No.ZDSYS20200810171403013)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721463)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grants 2022YFC3702703).
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of glycemic control and diabetes duration on subsequent myocardial infarction(MI)in patients with both coronary heart disease(CHD)and type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 33,238 patients with both CHD and T2D in Shenzhen,China.Patients were categorized into 6 groups based on baseline fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels and diabetes duration(from the date of diabetes diagnosis to the baseline date)to examine their combined effects on subsequent MI.Cox proportional hazards regression models were used,with further stratification by age,sex,and comorbidities to assess potential interactions.Results Over a median follow-up of 2.4 years,2,110 patients experienced MI.Compared to those with optimal glycemic control(FPG<6.1 mmol/L)and shorter diabetes duration(<10 years),the fullyadjusted hazard ratio(HR)(95%Confidence Interval[95%CI])for those with a diabetes duration of≥10 years and FPG>8.0 mmol/L was 1.93(95%CI:1.59,2.36).The combined effects of FPG and diabetes duration on MI were largely similar across different age,sex,and comorbidity groups,although the excess risk of MI associated with long-term diabetes appeared to be more pronounced among those with atrial fibrillation.Conclusion Our study indicates that glycemic control and diabetes duration significant influence the subsequent occurrence of MI in patients with both CHD and T2D.Tailored management strategies emphasizing strict glycemic control may be particularly beneficial for patients with longer diabetes duration and atrial fibrillation.
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)significantly elevates the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and complicates its treatment by promoting chemoresistance.Poor glycemic control has been linked to exacerbated CRC progression and diminished chemotherapy efficacy,impacting patient outcomes through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress,activation of metabolic pathways,and altered protein modifications that hinder apoptosis and enhance tumor survival.Clinical evidence shows that T2DM patients experience higher rates of chemoresistance and reduced disease-free survival and overall survival compared to non-diabetic patients.Specifically,those with poor glycemic control exhibit increased chemo-resistance and poorer survival metrics.Antidiabetic treatments,including metformin,acarbose,and gliclazide,show promise in improving chemotherapy response and glycemic management,potentially enhancing patient outcomes.Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive,multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists,endocrino-logists,and surgeons to optimize patient care.Integrated strategies that prioritize glycemic control are essential for reducing chemoresistance and improving survival in CRC patients with T2DM.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)often leads to vascular complications,such as albuminuria.The role of insulin autoantibodies(IAA)and their interaction with D-dimer in this context remains unclear.AIM To investigate the characteristics of IAA and its effect on albuminuria in T2DM patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 115 T2DM patients with positive IAA induced by exogenous insulin,and 115 age-and sex-matched IAA-negative T2DM patients as controls.Propensity scores were calculated using multivariate logistic regression.Key variables were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)algorithm.We constructed a prediction model and analyzed the association between IAA and albuminuria based on demographic and laboratory parameters.RESULTS The IAA-positive group had significantly higher D-dimer levels[0.30(0.19-0.55)mg/L vs 0.21(0.19-0.33)mg/L,P=0.008]and plasma insulin levels[39.1(12.0-102.7)μU/mL vs 9.8(5.5-17.6)μU/mL,P<0.001]compared to the IAA-negative group.Increases in the insulin dose per weight ratio,diabetes duration,and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(UACR)were observed but did not reach statistical significance.The LASSO model identified plasma insulin and D-dimer as key factors with larger coefficients.D-dimer was significantly associated with UACR in the total and IAA-positive groups but not in the IAA-negative group.The odds ratio for D-dimer elevation(>0.5 g/L)was 2.88(95%confidence interval:1.17-7.07)in the IAA-positive group(P interaction<0.05).CONCLUSION D-dimer elevation is an independent risk factor for abnormal albuminuria and interacts with IAA in the development of abnormal albuminuria in T2DM patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143021)the Iran National Science Foundation(4001873)+1 种基金the Henan Province Natural Science Foundation of China(182300410313)Henan University graduate Talent Program of Henan Province(SYLYC2023092).
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD),a chronic and com-mon neurodegenerative disease,is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra and abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic insulin resistance and deficiency in insulin secretion.Extensive evidence has con-firmed shared pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD and T2DM,such as oxidative stress caused by insulin resistance,mitochondrial dysfunction,inflammation,and disorders of energy metabolism.Conventional drugs for treating T2DM,such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ago-nists,affect nerve repair.Even drugs for treating PD,such as levodopa,can affect insulin secretion.This review sum-marizes the relationship between PD and T2DM and related therapeutic drugs from the perspective of insulin signaling pathways in the brain.
基金Project supported by the Thousand Talents Program of Jiangxi Province,China(JXSQ2023201003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107254)+4 种基金Science and Technology Major Program of Ordos City(2022EEDSKJZDZX014-2)Technological Innovation Guidance Program of Jiangxi Province(20212BDH81029)Rare Earth Industry Fund(IAGM2020DB06)Selfdeployed Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E055A01)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-CN-2021-3-3)。
文摘The rare earth elements(REEs)extraction by chemical leaching from ion-adsorption type rare earth ores(IAREO)has led to serious ecological and environmental risks.Conversely,demand for bioleaching is on the rise with the advantage of being environmental-friendly.As one of the organic acids produced by biological metabolism,citric acid was used to leach REEs and explore the performance and process.The results demonstrate that citric acid exhibits higher leaching efficiency(96.00%)for REEs at a relatively low concentration of 0.01 mol/L compared with(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)(84.29%,0.1 mol/L)and MgSO_(4)(83.99%,0.1 mol/L).Citric acid shows a preference for leaching heavy rare earth elements,with 99%leaching efficiency in IAREO,which shows higher capacity than(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)and MgSO_(4)(as inorganic leaching agents).Kinetic analysis indicates that the leaching process of REEs with citric acid is controlled by both the internal diffusion kinetics and chemical reaction kinetics,which is different from inorganic leaching agents.Visual Minteq calculations confirm that RE-Citrate is the main constituent of the extract solution in the leaching process of the IAREO,thereby enhancing the leaching efficiency of REEs from the IAREO.It suggests that citric acid may be used as a promising organic leaching agent for the environmentalfriendly extraction of REEs from IAREO.
文摘AIM:To determine the risk factors and time to non-arteric ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)occurrence among Thai type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.METHODS:A retrospective review of 266 newly diagnosed T2DM cases at Rajavithi Hospital between 2007 and 2016 was conducted to determine time to occurrence of NAION and evaluate associated risk factors.RESULTS:Hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most common pre-existing vascular diseases and there was a significant male predominance in the NAION group.The mean age of the NAION group was significantly higher than that of the group without NAION.A higher proportion of subjects in the NAION group had hypertension,dyslipidemia,high diastolic blood pressure,smokers,and had a small cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).Higher levels of triglycerides and lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol in the group with NAION.Fiftyfive patients among 266 participants(20.68%)developed NAION during a mean follow-up time of 81.26±25.04mo.In a multivariable logistic regression analysis,dyslipidemia(OR=8.36,95%CI,3.447–20.273,P<0.001),high low density lipoprotein levels(OR=1.017,95%CI,1.004–1.029,P=0.009),and small CDR(OR=11.92,95%CI,4.477–31.741,P<0.001)were significant risk factors for NAION development.Smoking was the strongest predictive risk(OR=12.843,95%CI,3.959–41.659,P<0.001).Vascular complications of T2DM and aspirin were not associated with NAION.CONCLUSION:T2DM patients with dyslipidemia or a small CDR should be carefully followed up as they are at increased risk of developing NAION.
