As smart contracts,represented by Solidity,become deeply integrated into the manufacturing industry,blockchain-based Digital Twins(DT)has gained momentum in recent years.Most of the blockchain infrastructures in wides...As smart contracts,represented by Solidity,become deeply integrated into the manufacturing industry,blockchain-based Digital Twins(DT)has gained momentum in recent years.Most of the blockchain infrastructures in widespread use today are based on the Proof-of-Work(PoW)mechanism,and the process of creating blocks is known as“mining”.Mining becomes increasingly difficult as the blockchain grows in size and the number of on-chain business systems increases.To lower the threshold of participation in the mining process,“mining pools”have been created.Miners can cooperate and share the mining rewards according to the hashrate they contributed to the pool.Stratum is the most widely used communication protocol between miners and mining pools.Its security is essential for the participants.In this paper,we propose two novel Man-In-The-Middle(MITM)attack schemes against Stratum,which allow attackers to steal miners'hashrate to any mining pool using hijacked TCP connections.Compared with existing attacks,our work is more secretive,more suitable for the real-world environment,and more harmful.The Proof-of-Concept(PoC)shows that our schemes work perfectly on most mining softwares and pools.Furthermore,we present a lightweight AI-driven approach based on protocol-level feature analysis to detect Stratum MITM for blockchain-based DTs.Its detection model consists of three layers:feature extraction layer,vectorization layer,and detection layer.Experiments prove that our detection approach can effectively detect Stratum MITM traffic with 98%accuracy.Our work alerts the communities and provides possible mitigation against these more hidden and profitable attack schemes.展开更多
Digital twins(DTs)are rapidly emerging as transformative tools in materials science and engineering,enabling real-time data integration,predictive modeling,and virtual testing.This study presents a systematic bibliome...Digital twins(DTs)are rapidly emerging as transformative tools in materials science and engineering,enabling real-time data integration,predictive modeling,and virtual testing.This study presents a systematic bibliometric review of 1106 peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade in Scopus and Web of Science.Using a five-stage methodology,the review examines publication trends,thematic areas,citation metrics,and keyword patterns.The results reveal exponential growth in scientific output,with Materials Theory,Computation,and Data Science as the most represented area.A thematic analysis of the most cited documents identifies four major research streams:foundational frameworks,DTs in additive manufacturing,sector-specific applications,and intelligent production systems.Keyword co-occurrence and strategic mapping show a strong foundation in modeling,simulation,and optimization,with growing links to machine learning and sustainability.The review highlights current challenges and proposes future research directions for advancing DTs in materials science.展开更多
Integrating mobile edge computing (MEC) and digital twin (DT) technologies to enhance network performance through predictive, adaptive control for energy-efficient and low-latency communication is a significant challe...Integrating mobile edge computing (MEC) and digital twin (DT) technologies to enhance network performance through predictive, adaptive control for energy-efficient and low-latency communication is a significant challenge. This paper presents the EcoEdgeTwin model, an innovative framework that harnesses the harmony between MEC and DT technologies to ensure an efficient network operation. We optimise the utility function to balance enhancing users' quality of experience (QoE) and minimising latency and energy consumption at edge servers. This approach ensures efficient and adaptable network operations, utilising DT to synchronise and integrate real-time data seamlessly. Our framework implements robust mechanisms for task offloading, service caching and cost-effective service migration. Additionally, it manages energy consumption related to task processing, communication and the influence of DT predictions, all essential for optimising latency and minimising energy usage. Through the utility model, we also prioritise QoE, fostering a user-centric approach to network management that balances network efficiency with user satisfaction. A cornerstone of our approach is integrating the advantage actor-critic algorithm, marking a pioneering use of deep reinforcement learning for dynamic network management. This strategy addresses challenges in service mobility and network variability, ensuring optimal network performance matrices. Our extensive simulations demonstrate that compared to benchmark models, the EcoEdgeTwin framework significantly reduces energy usage and latency while enhancing QoE.展开更多
Face-centered cubic(FCC)-structured multicomponent alloys typically exhibit good ductility but low strength.To simultaneously improve strength and ductility,a multicomponent alloy,Ni_(43.9)Co_(22.4)Fe_(8.8)Al_(10.7)Ti...Face-centered cubic(FCC)-structured multicomponent alloys typically exhibit good ductility but low strength.To simultaneously improve strength and ductility,a multicomponent alloy,Ni_(43.9)Co_(22.4)Fe_(8.8)Al_(10.7)Ti_(11.7)B_(2.5)(at%)with a unique microstructure was developed in this work.The microstructure,which includes 17.8%nanosized L12 precipitates and 26.6%micron-sized annealing twins distributed within~8μm fine FCC grains,was achieved through cryogenic rolling and subsequent annealing.The alloy exhibits a yield strength(YS)of 1063 MPa,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 1696 MPa,and excellent elongation of~26%.The L1_(2) precipitates and high-density grain boundaries act as a barrier to the dislocation movement,resulting in a substantial strengthening effect.In addition,the dislocations can cut through the L1_(2) precipitates that are coherent with the FCC matrix,whereas the twin boundaries can effectively absorb and store dislocations,leading to a high work-hardening rate.Furthermore,the stacking faults,Lomer-Cottrell locks,and 9-layer rhombohedral stacking sequence(9R)structures formed during tensile deformation significantly enhance strain hardening by blocking dislocation movement and accumulating dislocations,resulting in excellent comprehensive tensile properties.Theoretical calculations reveal that the grain boundaries,L1_(2)precipitates,and twin boundaries contribute the strengths of 263.8,412.6,and 68.7 MPa,respectively,accounting for 71.9%of the YS.This study introduces a promising strategy for developing multicomponent alloys with significant strength-ductility synergies.展开更多
Context: The presence of conjoined twins is a rare occurrence during pregnancy. Today, early diagnosis is possible thanks to advances in imaging, particularly three-dimensional ultrasound, and the intervention of a tr...Context: The presence of conjoined twins is a rare occurrence during pregnancy. Today, early diagnosis is possible thanks to advances in imaging, particularly three-dimensional ultrasound, and the intervention of a trained operator. This antenatal diagnosis can be used to decide whether or not to continue the pregnancy. Cases presentation: Based on the authors’ experience, five (05) cases of conjoined twins were collected over a period of six years (01 January 2018-01 January 2023) in the maternity wards of the Angre’s Teaching Hospital (study location), whose diagnosis was sometimes unexpected in the delivery room. Among the five cases, we described three (03) thoraco-omphalopages and two (02) parapages, with a female predominance of 4/5. None were candidates for separation because they were stillborn or died on the first day of life. Conclusion: This series of cases highlights the different characteristics of conjoined twins and the poor fetal prognosis due to diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic possibilities that are practically non-existent in the African environment.展开更多
It is difficult to generate coherent twin boundaries in bulk Al alloys due to their high intrinsic stacking fault energy. Here, we report a strategy to induce high-density growth twins in aluminum alloys through the h...It is difficult to generate coherent twin boundaries in bulk Al alloys due to their high intrinsic stacking fault energy. Here, we report a strategy to induce high-density growth twins in aluminum alloys through the heterogeneous nucleation of twinned Al grains on twin-structured TiC nucleants and the preferred growth of twinned dendrites by laser surface remelting of bulk metals. The solidification structure at the surface shows a mixture of lamellar twinned dendrites with ultra-fine twin boundary spacing (∼2 µm), isolated twinned dendrites, and regular dendrites. EBSD analysis and finite element method (FEM) simulations have been used to understand the competitive growth between twinned and regular dendrites, and the solidification conditions for the preferred growth of twinned dendrites during laser remelting and subsequent rapid solidification are established. It is shown that the reduction in the ratio of temperature gradient G to solidification rate V promotes the formation of lamellar twinned dendrites. The primary trunk spacing of lamellar twinned dendrites is refined by the high thermal gradient and solidification rate. The present work paves a new way to generate high-density growth twins in additive-manufactured Al alloys.展开更多
Twinning is a deformation mechanism that creates three-dimensional(3D)twin domains through the migration of twin facets.This occurs via the nucleation and glide of twinning disconnections(TDs),which can pile up to cre...Twinning is a deformation mechanism that creates three-dimensional(3D)twin domains through the migration of twin facets.This occurs via the nucleation and glide of twinning disconnections(TDs),which can pile up to create twin facets.A comprehensive under-standing of twin facets associated with 3D twins,including their atomic structures and energies,is crucial for understanding deformation twinning.In this study,we propose a molecular statics/dynamics(MS/MD)approach to determine characteristic twin facets enclosing 3D non-equilibrium/equilibrium{1011}twin domains,which has been much less studied than the counterpart{1012}twin domains.The stability of different TD pile-up arrangement with varying line senses informs the morphology of 3D non-equilibrium twins,which are bounded by{1010}_(T)||{1013}_(M),{1011}_(T)||{0002}_(M)and{1013}_(T)||{1013}_(M)coherent facets associated with pile-up of edge TDs,and discrete non-edge TDs aligned along CTBs with their line senses parallel to<4513>,<1101>,<5416><2113>or<1012>axes.Formation of semi-coherent facets of equilibrium twins is accompanied by rearrangement of TDs around misfit dislocations.3D equilibrium{1011}twins may comprise{1011}_(T)||{0002}_(M),{1457}_(T)||{3419}_(M),{1657}_(T)||{5617}_(M),{1433}_(T)||{3413}_(M),{0110}_(T)||{0111}_(M)and{0221}_(T)||{0221}_(M)semi-coherent facets in<1210>,<4513>,<1101>,<5416>,<2113>and<1012>axes,respectively.展开更多
A high-purity Ti sheet with dense preexisting twins(introduced by 10%cold rolling)was subjected to isochronal annealing at 500–800°C for 1 h and isothermal annealing at 600°C for 0.17–100 h,respectively.By...A high-purity Ti sheet with dense preexisting twins(introduced by 10%cold rolling)was subjected to isochronal annealing at 500–800°C for 1 h and isothermal annealing at 600°C for 0.17–100 h,respectively.By mainly utilizing electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and electron channel contrast(ECC)imaging techniques,the microstructure and texture evolution during the isochronal and isothermal annealing were investigated systematically.Results show that recrystallization nuclei appear in the specimen annealed at 600°C for 1 h.In contrast,recrystallization cannot be initiated for those annealed at lower temperatures or for a shorter time.With the increase in temperature or time,the fraction of the recrystallized structure increases with gradual grain coarsening.Nearly complete recrystallization is reached after 800°C-1 h or 600°C-100 h annealing.Due to the distribution heterogeneity of microstructure and stored energy induced by the dense preexisting twins,recrystallization nucleation preferentially occurs in some specific regions(twin-twin or twin-grain boundary junctions).Then,they selectively consume twin lamellar structures,leading to non-uniform grain growth.It is demonstrated that the recrystallization nucleation is dominated by the strain-induced boundary migration mechanism,allowing scattered texture components corresponding to the twin lamellar structures to be gradually encroached by those untwinned structures with the initial bimodal basal texture(BBT).Eventually,a strong BBT is always obtained after sufficient recrystallization.展开更多
Cold-rolling was conducted on AZ31 magnesium alloy with fine and coarse grains to produce plates with high density of shear bands and{101^(-)1}twins,respectively.Then,these two kinds of plates are subjected to isother...Cold-rolling was conducted on AZ31 magnesium alloy with fine and coarse grains to produce plates with high density of shear bands and{101^(-)1}twins,respectively.Then,these two kinds of plates are subjected to isothermal annealing to reveal the effect of shear bands and{101^(-)1}twins on recrystallization behavior.During annealing,static recrystallization occurs firstly in shear band zones and{101^(-)1}twin zones,which has different effect on texture and mechanical properties.With the increase of annealing temperature,strong basal texture remains in annealed SG-17%while the basal texture is weakened gradually in annealed LG-15%.Recrystallized grains from twin zones have a random orientation which is responsible for the weakened basal texture in annealed LG-15%.In addition,microhardness decreases gradually with the prolonged annealing time due to static recrystallization.LG-15%has a lower recrystallization activation energy because{101^(-)1}twins are in favor of the nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains.After 500℃annealing,the yield strength decreases significantly with a significant improvement in failure strain.The annealed LG-15%has a much higher compressive strain than the annealed SG-17%due to texture weakening effect.展开更多
The paper considers the poor state of the construction industry in UK and ways in which it might improve for all stakeholders.The transition from present state to a desirable future is mapped using the“three horizons...The paper considers the poor state of the construction industry in UK and ways in which it might improve for all stakeholders.The transition from present state to a desirable future is mapped using the“three horizons”and“four capitals”concepts.Servitisation is suggested as a key innovation for engineering systems in buildings,the dominant lifecycle cost area.Digital twinning facilitates this method of provision and blockchain technology can support its commercialisation,enabling payments for service delivered and keeping safe records.展开更多
The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)is transforming healthcare by enabling real-time data collection,analysis,and personalized treatment through interconnected devices such as sensors and wearables.The integration of ...The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)is transforming healthcare by enabling real-time data collection,analysis,and personalized treatment through interconnected devices such as sensors and wearables.The integration of Digital Twins(DTs),the virtual replicas of physical components and processes,has also been found to be a game changer for the ever-evolving IoMT.However,these advancements in the healthcare domain come with significant cybersecurity challenges,exposing it to malicious attacks and several security threats.Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)serve as a critical defense mechanism,yet traditional IDS approaches often struggle with the complexity and scale of IoMT networks.With this context,this paper follows a systematic approach to analyze the existing literature and highlight the current trends and challenges related to IDS in the IoMT domain.We leveraged techniques like bibliographic and keyword analysis to collect 832 research works published from 2007 to 2025,aligned with the theme“Digital Twins and IDS in IoMT.”It was found that by simulating device behaviours and network interactions in IoMT,DTs not only provide a proactive platform for early threat detection,but also offer a scalable and adaptive approach to mitigating evolving security threats in IoMT.Overall,this review provides a closer look into the role of IDS and DT in securing IoMT systems and sheds light on the possible research directions for developers and the research community.展开更多
Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)represent an integration of computational and physical elements,revolutionizing industries by enabling real-time monitoring,control,and optimization.A complementary technology,Digital Twin(D...Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)represent an integration of computational and physical elements,revolutionizing industries by enabling real-time monitoring,control,and optimization.A complementary technology,Digital Twin(DT),acts as a virtual replica of physical assets or processes,facilitating better decision making through simulations and predictive analytics.CPS and DT underpin the evolution of Industry 4.0 by bridging the physical and digital domains.This survey explores their synergy,highlighting how DT enriches CPS with dynamic modeling,realtime data integration,and advanced simulation capabilities.The layered architecture of DTs within CPS is examined,showcasing the enabling technologies and tools vital for seamless integration.The study addresses key challenges in CPS modeling,such as concurrency and communication,and underscores the importance of DT in overcoming these obstacles.Applications in various sectors are analyzed,including smart manufacturing,healthcare,and urban planning,emphasizing the transformative potential of CPS-DT integration.In addition,the review identifies gaps in existing methodologies and proposes future research directions to develop comprehensive,scalable,and secure CPSDT systems.By synthesizing insights fromthe current literature and presenting a taxonomy of CPS and DT,this survey serves as a foundational reference for academics and practitioners.The findings stress the need for unified frameworks that align CPS and DT with emerging technologies,fostering innovation and efficiency in the digital transformation era.展开更多
The management of large-scale architectural engineering projects(e.g.,airports,hospitals)is plagued by information silos,cost overruns,and scheduling delays.While building information modeling(BIM)has improved 3D desi...The management of large-scale architectural engineering projects(e.g.,airports,hospitals)is plagued by information silos,cost overruns,and scheduling delays.While building information modeling(BIM)has improved 3D design coordination,its static nature limits its utility in real-time construction management and operational phases.This paper proposes a novel synergistic framework that integrates the static,deep data of BIM with the dynamic,real-time capabilities of digital twin(DT)technology.The framework establishes a closed-loop data flow from design(BIM)to construction(IoT,drones,BIM 360)to operation(DT platform).We detail the technological stack required,including IoT sensors,cloud computing,and AI-driven analytics.The application of this framework is illustrated through a simulated case study of a mega-terminal airport construction project,demonstrating potential reductions in rework by 15%,improvement in labor productivity by 10%,and enhanced predictive maintenance capabilities.This research contributes to the field of construction engineering by providing a practical model for achieving full lifecycle digitalization and intelligent project management.展开更多
In this paper,we explore the ever-changing field ofDigital Twins(DT)in the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)context,emphasizing their critical role in advancing Industry 4.0 toward the frontiers of Industry 5.0.The ...In this paper,we explore the ever-changing field ofDigital Twins(DT)in the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)context,emphasizing their critical role in advancing Industry 4.0 toward the frontiers of Industry 5.0.The article explores the applications of DT in several industrial sectors and their smooth integration into the IIoT,focusing on the fundamentals of digital twins and emphasizing the importance of virtual-real integration.It discusses the emergence of DT,contextualizing its evolution within the framework of IIoT.The study categorizes the different types of DT,including prototypes and instances,and provides an in-depth analysis of the enabling technologies such as IoT,Artificial Intelligence(AI),Extended Reality(XR),cloud computing,and the Application Programming Interface(API).The paper demonstrates theDT advantages through the practical integration of real-world case studies,which highlights the technology’s exceptional capacity to improve traceability and fault detection within the context of the IIoT.This paper offers a focused,application-driven perspective on DTs in IIoT,specifically highlighting their role in key production phases such as designing,intelligent manufacturing,maintenance,resource management,automation,security,and safety.By emphasizing their potential to support human-centric,sustainable advancements in Industry 5.0,this study distinguishes itself from existing literature.It provides valuable insights that connect theoretical advancements with practical implementation,making it a crucial resource for researchers,practitioners,and industry professionals.展开更多
Tailoring high-density annealing twins in laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)-fabricated alloys based on their intrinsic residual stress requires high annealing temperatures and/or long-term annealing,result-ing in the abno...Tailoring high-density annealing twins in laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)-fabricated alloys based on their intrinsic residual stress requires high annealing temperatures and/or long-term annealing,result-ing in the abnormal growth of large recrystallized grains,which is detrimental to mechanical properties.This work proposes a new strategy for achieving a favorable strength-plasticity synergy of the LPBF-fabricated Inconel 718 superalloy by performing a deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)with the subsequent heat treatment(including annealing and double aging)to tailor fine grains with“high-density annealing twins+precipitates”architectures and compares the obtained material with an alloy subjected to a direct heat treatment without a prior DCT.The obtained results reveal that the additional internal stress gen-erated during DCT increases the stored energy and dislocation density,which provide a sufficient driving force for activating high-density annealing twin boundaries(63.2%)with fine grains(31.6μm)within a short annealing time.The more homogeneous tailored microstructure with the“finer grains+high-density twins+precipitates”architectures decreases the mean free path of slipping dislocations,pro-moting intensive interactions with dislocations and inducing a strong strain hardening effect.The mul-tiple deformation modes of stacking faults coupled with Lomer-Cottrell locks,thin primary deformation twins,and secondary twins activated during tensile loading,sustaining a strong work hardening ability and delaying the plastic instability,which exhibits a high strength(yield strength of 1088 MPa and tensile strength of 1369 MPa)and excellent plasticity(elongation of 30%).This work not only describes a fea-sible method for simultaneously enhancing the strength and plasticity in additively manufactured(AM)alloys but also provides new insights into increasing the fraction of twins at a small grain size to improve the grain boundary-related properties without destroying the AM alloy shape.展开更多
The digital twins concept enhances modeling and simulation through the integration of real-time data and feedback.This review elucidates the foundational elements of digital twins,covering their concept,entities,domai...The digital twins concept enhances modeling and simulation through the integration of real-time data and feedback.This review elucidates the foundational elements of digital twins,covering their concept,entities,domains,and key technologies.More specifically,we investigate the transformative potential of digital twins for the wastewater treatment engineering sector.Our discussion highlights the application of digital twins to wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)and sewage networks,hardware(i.e.,facilities and pipes,sensors for water quality and activated sludge,hydrodynamics,and power consumption),and software(i.e.,knowledge-based and data-driven models,mechanistic models,hybrid twins,control methods,and the Internet of Things).Furthermore,two cases are provided,followed by an assessment of current challenges in and perspectives on the application of digital twins in WWTPs.This review serves as an essential primer for wastewater engineers navigating the digital paradigm shift.展开更多
To ensure the safe operation of industrial digital twins network and avoid the harm to the system caused by hacker invasion,a series of discussions on network security issues are carried out based on game theory.From ...To ensure the safe operation of industrial digital twins network and avoid the harm to the system caused by hacker invasion,a series of discussions on network security issues are carried out based on game theory.From the perspective of the life cycle of network vulnerabilities,mining and repairing vulnerabilities are analyzed by applying evolutionary game theory.The evolution process of knowledge sharing among white hats under various conditions is simulated,and a game model of the vulnerability patch cooperative development strategy among manufacturers is constructed.On this basis,the differential evolution is introduced into the update mechanism of the Wolf Colony Algorithm(WCA)to produce better replacement individuals with greater probability from the perspective of both attack and defense.Through the simulation experiment,it is found that the convergence speed of the probability(X)of white Hat 1 choosing the knowledge sharing policy is related to the probability(x0)of white Hat 2 choosing the knowledge sharing policy initially,and the probability(y0)of white hat 2 choosing the knowledge sharing policy initially.When y0?0.9,X converges rapidly in a relatively short time.When y0 is constant and x0 is small,the probability curve of the“cooperative development”strategy converges to 0.It is concluded that the higher the trust among the white hat members in the temporary team,the stronger their willingness to share knowledge,which is conducive to the mining of loopholes in the system.The greater the probability of a hacker attacking the vulnerability before it is fully disclosed,the lower the willingness of manufacturers to choose the"cooperative development"of vulnerability patches.Applying the improved wolf colonyco-evolution algorithm can obtain the equilibrium solution of the"attack and defense game model",and allocate the security protection resources according to the importance of nodes.This study can provide an effective solution to protect the network security for digital twins in the industry.展开更多
Academician of the CAE member Youxian Sun from Zhejiang University initiated Digital Twins and Applications(ISSN 2995-2182).It is published by Zhejiang University Press and the Institution of Engineering and Technolog...Academician of the CAE member Youxian Sun from Zhejiang University initiated Digital Twins and Applications(ISSN 2995-2182).It is published by Zhejiang University Press and the Institution of Engineering and Technology and sponsored by Zhejiang Univer-sity.Digital Twins and Applications aim to provide a specialised platform for researchers,practitioners,and industry experts to publish high-quality,state-of-the-art research on digital twin technologies and their applications.展开更多
The Autonomous Underwater Glider(AUG)is a kind of prevailing underwater intelligent internet vehicle and occupies a dominant position in industrial applications,in which path planning is an essential problem.Due to th...The Autonomous Underwater Glider(AUG)is a kind of prevailing underwater intelligent internet vehicle and occupies a dominant position in industrial applications,in which path planning is an essential problem.Due to the complexity and variability of the ocean,accurate environment modeling and flexible path planning algorithms are pivotal challenges.The traditional models mainly utilize mathematical functions,which are not complete and reliable.Most existing path planning algorithms depend on the environment and lack flexibility.To overcome these challenges,we propose a path planning system for underwater intelligent internet vehicles.It applies digital twins and sensor data to map the real ocean environment to a virtual digital space,which provides a comprehensive and reliable environment for path simulation.We design a value-based reinforcement learning path planning algorithm and explore the optimal network structure parameters.The path simulation is controlled by a closed-loop model integrated into the terminal vehicle through edge computing.The integration of state input enriches the learning of neural networks and helps to improve generalization and flexibility.The task-related reward function promotes the rapid convergence of the training.The experimental results prove that our reinforcement learning based path planning algorithm has great flexibility and can effectively adapt to a variety of different ocean conditions.展开更多
This paper proposes a deformation evolution and perceptual prediction methodology for additive manufacturing of lightweight composite driven by hybrid digital twins(HDT).In order to improve manufacturing quality of ir...This paper proposes a deformation evolution and perceptual prediction methodology for additive manufacturing of lightweight composite driven by hybrid digital twins(HDT).In order to improve manufacturing quality of irregular lightweight composite through boosting conceptual design in aeronautic and aerospace engineering,the HDT meaning hybridization of physical and digital domains,including deformation and energy efficiency can be built,where the essential parameters can be perceptually predicted in advance,by virtue of the fusion of physical sensors and digital information.The long short term memory(LSTM)can be employed to void vanishing gradient problem and improve predicting precision via Recurrent Neural Networks,thereby laying a foundation for the HDT.The diverse manufacturing requirements of different regions are integrated into the parameters designing phase by attaching region weights confirmed via empiricism and in-service simulation.The effects of slicing strategy and external support structures on manufacturing quality are considered from the perspective of improving dimensional accuracy.The manufacturing efficiency and comprehensive costs are accounted as consideration factors,which are perceptually predicted via LSTM.The designed manufacturing parameters through HDT were virtually examined by evaluating the deformation and equivalent stress distributions of fabricated lightweight component with composite material through AM process simulation.The physical experiments were conducted to verify the HDT-based pre-designing and optimization method of manufacturing parameters via fused deposition modeling(FDM).The energy consumption of actual manufacturing process was measured via digital power meter and applied to evaluate accuracy of perceptual prediction outcomes.The dimensional accuracy and distortion distribution of the manufactured lightweight prototype made with composite material were measured through the coordinate measuring machine(CMM)and 3D optical scanner.The proposed method demonstrates effectiveness in improving manufacturing quality and accurately predicting energy consumption,which have been verified with a three-way solenoid valve element,in which the maximum deformation was reduced by 39.78%and the mean absolute percentage error for perceptual prediction was 3.76%.展开更多
文摘As smart contracts,represented by Solidity,become deeply integrated into the manufacturing industry,blockchain-based Digital Twins(DT)has gained momentum in recent years.Most of the blockchain infrastructures in widespread use today are based on the Proof-of-Work(PoW)mechanism,and the process of creating blocks is known as“mining”.Mining becomes increasingly difficult as the blockchain grows in size and the number of on-chain business systems increases.To lower the threshold of participation in the mining process,“mining pools”have been created.Miners can cooperate and share the mining rewards according to the hashrate they contributed to the pool.Stratum is the most widely used communication protocol between miners and mining pools.Its security is essential for the participants.In this paper,we propose two novel Man-In-The-Middle(MITM)attack schemes against Stratum,which allow attackers to steal miners'hashrate to any mining pool using hijacked TCP connections.Compared with existing attacks,our work is more secretive,more suitable for the real-world environment,and more harmful.The Proof-of-Concept(PoC)shows that our schemes work perfectly on most mining softwares and pools.Furthermore,we present a lightweight AI-driven approach based on protocol-level feature analysis to detect Stratum MITM for blockchain-based DTs.Its detection model consists of three layers:feature extraction layer,vectorization layer,and detection layer.Experiments prove that our detection approach can effectively detect Stratum MITM traffic with 98%accuracy.Our work alerts the communities and provides possible mitigation against these more hidden and profitable attack schemes.
文摘Digital twins(DTs)are rapidly emerging as transformative tools in materials science and engineering,enabling real-time data integration,predictive modeling,and virtual testing.This study presents a systematic bibliometric review of 1106 peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade in Scopus and Web of Science.Using a five-stage methodology,the review examines publication trends,thematic areas,citation metrics,and keyword patterns.The results reveal exponential growth in scientific output,with Materials Theory,Computation,and Data Science as the most represented area.A thematic analysis of the most cited documents identifies four major research streams:foundational frameworks,DTs in additive manufacturing,sector-specific applications,and intelligent production systems.Keyword co-occurrence and strategic mapping show a strong foundation in modeling,simulation,and optimization,with growing links to machine learning and sustainability.The review highlights current challenges and proposes future research directions for advancing DTs in materials science.
文摘Integrating mobile edge computing (MEC) and digital twin (DT) technologies to enhance network performance through predictive, adaptive control for energy-efficient and low-latency communication is a significant challenge. This paper presents the EcoEdgeTwin model, an innovative framework that harnesses the harmony between MEC and DT technologies to ensure an efficient network operation. We optimise the utility function to balance enhancing users' quality of experience (QoE) and minimising latency and energy consumption at edge servers. This approach ensures efficient and adaptable network operations, utilising DT to synchronise and integrate real-time data seamlessly. Our framework implements robust mechanisms for task offloading, service caching and cost-effective service migration. Additionally, it manages energy consumption related to task processing, communication and the influence of DT predictions, all essential for optimising latency and minimising energy usage. Through the utility model, we also prioritise QoE, fostering a user-centric approach to network management that balances network efficiency with user satisfaction. A cornerstone of our approach is integrating the advantage actor-critic algorithm, marking a pioneering use of deep reinforcement learning for dynamic network management. This strategy addresses challenges in service mobility and network variability, ensuring optimal network performance matrices. Our extensive simulations demonstrate that compared to benchmark models, the EcoEdgeTwin framework significantly reduces energy usage and latency while enhancing QoE.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Nos.23ZDGA010 and 22ZD6GA008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51564035).
文摘Face-centered cubic(FCC)-structured multicomponent alloys typically exhibit good ductility but low strength.To simultaneously improve strength and ductility,a multicomponent alloy,Ni_(43.9)Co_(22.4)Fe_(8.8)Al_(10.7)Ti_(11.7)B_(2.5)(at%)with a unique microstructure was developed in this work.The microstructure,which includes 17.8%nanosized L12 precipitates and 26.6%micron-sized annealing twins distributed within~8μm fine FCC grains,was achieved through cryogenic rolling and subsequent annealing.The alloy exhibits a yield strength(YS)of 1063 MPa,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 1696 MPa,and excellent elongation of~26%.The L1_(2) precipitates and high-density grain boundaries act as a barrier to the dislocation movement,resulting in a substantial strengthening effect.In addition,the dislocations can cut through the L1_(2) precipitates that are coherent with the FCC matrix,whereas the twin boundaries can effectively absorb and store dislocations,leading to a high work-hardening rate.Furthermore,the stacking faults,Lomer-Cottrell locks,and 9-layer rhombohedral stacking sequence(9R)structures formed during tensile deformation significantly enhance strain hardening by blocking dislocation movement and accumulating dislocations,resulting in excellent comprehensive tensile properties.Theoretical calculations reveal that the grain boundaries,L1_(2)precipitates,and twin boundaries contribute the strengths of 263.8,412.6,and 68.7 MPa,respectively,accounting for 71.9%of the YS.This study introduces a promising strategy for developing multicomponent alloys with significant strength-ductility synergies.
文摘Context: The presence of conjoined twins is a rare occurrence during pregnancy. Today, early diagnosis is possible thanks to advances in imaging, particularly three-dimensional ultrasound, and the intervention of a trained operator. This antenatal diagnosis can be used to decide whether or not to continue the pregnancy. Cases presentation: Based on the authors’ experience, five (05) cases of conjoined twins were collected over a period of six years (01 January 2018-01 January 2023) in the maternity wards of the Angre’s Teaching Hospital (study location), whose diagnosis was sometimes unexpected in the delivery room. Among the five cases, we described three (03) thoraco-omphalopages and two (02) parapages, with a female predominance of 4/5. None were candidates for separation because they were stillborn or died on the first day of life. Conclusion: This series of cases highlights the different characteristics of conjoined twins and the poor fetal prognosis due to diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic possibilities that are practically non-existent in the African environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52371029)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China(grant no.20210402083GH).
文摘It is difficult to generate coherent twin boundaries in bulk Al alloys due to their high intrinsic stacking fault energy. Here, we report a strategy to induce high-density growth twins in aluminum alloys through the heterogeneous nucleation of twinned Al grains on twin-structured TiC nucleants and the preferred growth of twinned dendrites by laser surface remelting of bulk metals. The solidification structure at the surface shows a mixture of lamellar twinned dendrites with ultra-fine twin boundary spacing (∼2 µm), isolated twinned dendrites, and regular dendrites. EBSD analysis and finite element method (FEM) simulations have been used to understand the competitive growth between twinned and regular dendrites, and the solidification conditions for the preferred growth of twinned dendrites during laser remelting and subsequent rapid solidification are established. It is shown that the reduction in the ratio of temperature gradient G to solidification rate V promotes the formation of lamellar twinned dendrites. The primary trunk spacing of lamellar twinned dendrites is refined by the high thermal gradient and solidification rate. The present work paves a new way to generate high-density growth twins in additive-manufactured Al alloys.
基金supports by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3708900).
文摘Twinning is a deformation mechanism that creates three-dimensional(3D)twin domains through the migration of twin facets.This occurs via the nucleation and glide of twinning disconnections(TDs),which can pile up to create twin facets.A comprehensive under-standing of twin facets associated with 3D twins,including their atomic structures and energies,is crucial for understanding deformation twinning.In this study,we propose a molecular statics/dynamics(MS/MD)approach to determine characteristic twin facets enclosing 3D non-equilibrium/equilibrium{1011}twin domains,which has been much less studied than the counterpart{1012}twin domains.The stability of different TD pile-up arrangement with varying line senses informs the morphology of 3D non-equilibrium twins,which are bounded by{1010}_(T)||{1013}_(M),{1011}_(T)||{0002}_(M)and{1013}_(T)||{1013}_(M)coherent facets associated with pile-up of edge TDs,and discrete non-edge TDs aligned along CTBs with their line senses parallel to<4513>,<1101>,<5416><2113>or<1012>axes.Formation of semi-coherent facets of equilibrium twins is accompanied by rearrangement of TDs around misfit dislocations.3D equilibrium{1011}twins may comprise{1011}_(T)||{0002}_(M),{1457}_(T)||{3419}_(M),{1657}_(T)||{5617}_(M),{1433}_(T)||{3413}_(M),{0110}_(T)||{0111}_(M)and{0221}_(T)||{0221}_(M)semi-coherent facets in<1210>,<4513>,<1101>,<5416>,<2113>and<1012>axes,respectively.
基金financially supported by the Cultivation Project of CQUT for Research and Innovation Group(No.2023TDZ006)the Graduate Student Innovation Program of CQUT(No.CYS23648)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2021M690174)。
文摘A high-purity Ti sheet with dense preexisting twins(introduced by 10%cold rolling)was subjected to isochronal annealing at 500–800°C for 1 h and isothermal annealing at 600°C for 0.17–100 h,respectively.By mainly utilizing electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and electron channel contrast(ECC)imaging techniques,the microstructure and texture evolution during the isochronal and isothermal annealing were investigated systematically.Results show that recrystallization nuclei appear in the specimen annealed at 600°C for 1 h.In contrast,recrystallization cannot be initiated for those annealed at lower temperatures or for a shorter time.With the increase in temperature or time,the fraction of the recrystallized structure increases with gradual grain coarsening.Nearly complete recrystallization is reached after 800°C-1 h or 600°C-100 h annealing.Due to the distribution heterogeneity of microstructure and stored energy induced by the dense preexisting twins,recrystallization nucleation preferentially occurs in some specific regions(twin-twin or twin-grain boundary junctions).Then,they selectively consume twin lamellar structures,leading to non-uniform grain growth.It is demonstrated that the recrystallization nucleation is dominated by the strain-induced boundary migration mechanism,allowing scattered texture components corresponding to the twin lamellar structures to be gradually encroached by those untwinned structures with the initial bimodal basal texture(BBT).Eventually,a strong BBT is always obtained after sufficient recrystallization.
基金Project(52405369) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BK20210891) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,ChinaProject(BX2022030) supported by the Special Project of Introducing Foreign Talents of Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘Cold-rolling was conducted on AZ31 magnesium alloy with fine and coarse grains to produce plates with high density of shear bands and{101^(-)1}twins,respectively.Then,these two kinds of plates are subjected to isothermal annealing to reveal the effect of shear bands and{101^(-)1}twins on recrystallization behavior.During annealing,static recrystallization occurs firstly in shear band zones and{101^(-)1}twin zones,which has different effect on texture and mechanical properties.With the increase of annealing temperature,strong basal texture remains in annealed SG-17%while the basal texture is weakened gradually in annealed LG-15%.Recrystallized grains from twin zones have a random orientation which is responsible for the weakened basal texture in annealed LG-15%.In addition,microhardness decreases gradually with the prolonged annealing time due to static recrystallization.LG-15%has a lower recrystallization activation energy because{101^(-)1}twins are in favor of the nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains.After 500℃annealing,the yield strength decreases significantly with a significant improvement in failure strain.The annealed LG-15%has a much higher compressive strain than the annealed SG-17%due to texture weakening effect.
文摘The paper considers the poor state of the construction industry in UK and ways in which it might improve for all stakeholders.The transition from present state to a desirable future is mapped using the“three horizons”and“four capitals”concepts.Servitisation is suggested as a key innovation for engineering systems in buildings,the dominant lifecycle cost area.Digital twinning facilitates this method of provision and blockchain technology can support its commercialisation,enabling payments for service delivered and keeping safe records.
基金This research is conducted as part of the project titled“Digital Twin-based Intrusion Detection System Using Federated Learning for IoMT”(2024-2027),supported by C3iHub,IIT Kanpur,India,under Sanction Order No.:IHUB-NTIHAC/2024/01/3.
文摘The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)is transforming healthcare by enabling real-time data collection,analysis,and personalized treatment through interconnected devices such as sensors and wearables.The integration of Digital Twins(DTs),the virtual replicas of physical components and processes,has also been found to be a game changer for the ever-evolving IoMT.However,these advancements in the healthcare domain come with significant cybersecurity challenges,exposing it to malicious attacks and several security threats.Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)serve as a critical defense mechanism,yet traditional IDS approaches often struggle with the complexity and scale of IoMT networks.With this context,this paper follows a systematic approach to analyze the existing literature and highlight the current trends and challenges related to IDS in the IoMT domain.We leveraged techniques like bibliographic and keyword analysis to collect 832 research works published from 2007 to 2025,aligned with the theme“Digital Twins and IDS in IoMT.”It was found that by simulating device behaviours and network interactions in IoMT,DTs not only provide a proactive platform for early threat detection,but also offer a scalable and adaptive approach to mitigating evolving security threats in IoMT.Overall,this review provides a closer look into the role of IDS and DT in securing IoMT systems and sheds light on the possible research directions for developers and the research community.
文摘Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)represent an integration of computational and physical elements,revolutionizing industries by enabling real-time monitoring,control,and optimization.A complementary technology,Digital Twin(DT),acts as a virtual replica of physical assets or processes,facilitating better decision making through simulations and predictive analytics.CPS and DT underpin the evolution of Industry 4.0 by bridging the physical and digital domains.This survey explores their synergy,highlighting how DT enriches CPS with dynamic modeling,realtime data integration,and advanced simulation capabilities.The layered architecture of DTs within CPS is examined,showcasing the enabling technologies and tools vital for seamless integration.The study addresses key challenges in CPS modeling,such as concurrency and communication,and underscores the importance of DT in overcoming these obstacles.Applications in various sectors are analyzed,including smart manufacturing,healthcare,and urban planning,emphasizing the transformative potential of CPS-DT integration.In addition,the review identifies gaps in existing methodologies and proposes future research directions to develop comprehensive,scalable,and secure CPSDT systems.By synthesizing insights fromthe current literature and presenting a taxonomy of CPS and DT,this survey serves as a foundational reference for academics and practitioners.The findings stress the need for unified frameworks that align CPS and DT with emerging technologies,fostering innovation and efficiency in the digital transformation era.
文摘The management of large-scale architectural engineering projects(e.g.,airports,hospitals)is plagued by information silos,cost overruns,and scheduling delays.While building information modeling(BIM)has improved 3D design coordination,its static nature limits its utility in real-time construction management and operational phases.This paper proposes a novel synergistic framework that integrates the static,deep data of BIM with the dynamic,real-time capabilities of digital twin(DT)technology.The framework establishes a closed-loop data flow from design(BIM)to construction(IoT,drones,BIM 360)to operation(DT platform).We detail the technological stack required,including IoT sensors,cloud computing,and AI-driven analytics.The application of this framework is illustrated through a simulated case study of a mega-terminal airport construction project,demonstrating potential reductions in rework by 15%,improvement in labor productivity by 10%,and enhanced predictive maintenance capabilities.This research contributes to the field of construction engineering by providing a practical model for achieving full lifecycle digitalization and intelligent project management.
基金funded by Big Data Analytics Centre(BIDAC)of United Arab Emirates University under the grant numbers G00003679 and G00004526。
文摘In this paper,we explore the ever-changing field ofDigital Twins(DT)in the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)context,emphasizing their critical role in advancing Industry 4.0 toward the frontiers of Industry 5.0.The article explores the applications of DT in several industrial sectors and their smooth integration into the IIoT,focusing on the fundamentals of digital twins and emphasizing the importance of virtual-real integration.It discusses the emergence of DT,contextualizing its evolution within the framework of IIoT.The study categorizes the different types of DT,including prototypes and instances,and provides an in-depth analysis of the enabling technologies such as IoT,Artificial Intelligence(AI),Extended Reality(XR),cloud computing,and the Application Programming Interface(API).The paper demonstrates theDT advantages through the practical integration of real-world case studies,which highlights the technology’s exceptional capacity to improve traceability and fault detection within the context of the IIoT.This paper offers a focused,application-driven perspective on DTs in IIoT,specifically highlighting their role in key production phases such as designing,intelligent manufacturing,maintenance,resource management,automation,security,and safety.By emphasizing their potential to support human-centric,sustainable advancements in Industry 5.0,this study distinguishes itself from existing literature.It provides valuable insights that connect theoretical advancements with practical implementation,making it a crucial resource for researchers,practitioners,and industry professionals.
基金This work was funded by the Program for Industry Support of University in Gansu Province(No.2023CYZC-28)Major Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Province(No.22ZD6GA008)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(No.22YF7GA156)Science Foundation for Youths of Gansu Province(No.23JRRA772)the Hong Liu First-class Discipline Construc-tion Plan of Lanzhou University of Technology.
文摘Tailoring high-density annealing twins in laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)-fabricated alloys based on their intrinsic residual stress requires high annealing temperatures and/or long-term annealing,result-ing in the abnormal growth of large recrystallized grains,which is detrimental to mechanical properties.This work proposes a new strategy for achieving a favorable strength-plasticity synergy of the LPBF-fabricated Inconel 718 superalloy by performing a deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)with the subsequent heat treatment(including annealing and double aging)to tailor fine grains with“high-density annealing twins+precipitates”architectures and compares the obtained material with an alloy subjected to a direct heat treatment without a prior DCT.The obtained results reveal that the additional internal stress gen-erated during DCT increases the stored energy and dislocation density,which provide a sufficient driving force for activating high-density annealing twin boundaries(63.2%)with fine grains(31.6μm)within a short annealing time.The more homogeneous tailored microstructure with the“finer grains+high-density twins+precipitates”architectures decreases the mean free path of slipping dislocations,pro-moting intensive interactions with dislocations and inducing a strong strain hardening effect.The mul-tiple deformation modes of stacking faults coupled with Lomer-Cottrell locks,thin primary deformation twins,and secondary twins activated during tensile loading,sustaining a strong work hardening ability and delaying the plastic instability,which exhibits a high strength(yield strength of 1088 MPa and tensile strength of 1369 MPa)and excellent plasticity(elongation of 30%).This work not only describes a fea-sible method for simultaneously enhancing the strength and plasticity in additively manufactured(AM)alloys but also provides new insights into increasing the fraction of twins at a small grain size to improve the grain boundary-related properties without destroying the AM alloy shape.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52321005,52293443,and 52230004)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20190929172630447)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Key Research Project(GXWD20220817145054002)the Talent Recruitment Project of Guandong(2021QN020106).
文摘The digital twins concept enhances modeling and simulation through the integration of real-time data and feedback.This review elucidates the foundational elements of digital twins,covering their concept,entities,domains,and key technologies.More specifically,we investigate the transformative potential of digital twins for the wastewater treatment engineering sector.Our discussion highlights the application of digital twins to wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)and sewage networks,hardware(i.e.,facilities and pipes,sensors for water quality and activated sludge,hydrodynamics,and power consumption),and software(i.e.,knowledge-based and data-driven models,mechanistic models,hybrid twins,control methods,and the Internet of Things).Furthermore,two cases are provided,followed by an assessment of current challenges in and perspectives on the application of digital twins in WWTPs.This review serves as an essential primer for wastewater engineers navigating the digital paradigm shift.
文摘To ensure the safe operation of industrial digital twins network and avoid the harm to the system caused by hacker invasion,a series of discussions on network security issues are carried out based on game theory.From the perspective of the life cycle of network vulnerabilities,mining and repairing vulnerabilities are analyzed by applying evolutionary game theory.The evolution process of knowledge sharing among white hats under various conditions is simulated,and a game model of the vulnerability patch cooperative development strategy among manufacturers is constructed.On this basis,the differential evolution is introduced into the update mechanism of the Wolf Colony Algorithm(WCA)to produce better replacement individuals with greater probability from the perspective of both attack and defense.Through the simulation experiment,it is found that the convergence speed of the probability(X)of white Hat 1 choosing the knowledge sharing policy is related to the probability(x0)of white Hat 2 choosing the knowledge sharing policy initially,and the probability(y0)of white hat 2 choosing the knowledge sharing policy initially.When y0?0.9,X converges rapidly in a relatively short time.When y0 is constant and x0 is small,the probability curve of the“cooperative development”strategy converges to 0.It is concluded that the higher the trust among the white hat members in the temporary team,the stronger their willingness to share knowledge,which is conducive to the mining of loopholes in the system.The greater the probability of a hacker attacking the vulnerability before it is fully disclosed,the lower the willingness of manufacturers to choose the"cooperative development"of vulnerability patches.Applying the improved wolf colonyco-evolution algorithm can obtain the equilibrium solution of the"attack and defense game model",and allocate the security protection resources according to the importance of nodes.This study can provide an effective solution to protect the network security for digital twins in the industry.
文摘Academician of the CAE member Youxian Sun from Zhejiang University initiated Digital Twins and Applications(ISSN 2995-2182).It is published by Zhejiang University Press and the Institution of Engineering and Technology and sponsored by Zhejiang Univer-sity.Digital Twins and Applications aim to provide a specialised platform for researchers,practitioners,and industry experts to publish high-quality,state-of-the-art research on digital twin technologies and their applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61871283).
文摘The Autonomous Underwater Glider(AUG)is a kind of prevailing underwater intelligent internet vehicle and occupies a dominant position in industrial applications,in which path planning is an essential problem.Due to the complexity and variability of the ocean,accurate environment modeling and flexible path planning algorithms are pivotal challenges.The traditional models mainly utilize mathematical functions,which are not complete and reliable.Most existing path planning algorithms depend on the environment and lack flexibility.To overcome these challenges,we propose a path planning system for underwater intelligent internet vehicles.It applies digital twins and sensor data to map the real ocean environment to a virtual digital space,which provides a comprehensive and reliable environment for path simulation.We design a value-based reinforcement learning path planning algorithm and explore the optimal network structure parameters.The path simulation is controlled by a closed-loop model integrated into the terminal vehicle through edge computing.The integration of state input enriches the learning of neural networks and helps to improve generalization and flexibility.The task-related reward function promotes the rapid convergence of the training.The experimental results prove that our reinforcement learning based path planning algorithm has great flexibility and can effectively adapt to a variety of different ocean conditions.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2022YFB3303303)Zhejiang Provincial Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.LGG22E050010)Key Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology of China(Grant No.P2024-001).
文摘This paper proposes a deformation evolution and perceptual prediction methodology for additive manufacturing of lightweight composite driven by hybrid digital twins(HDT).In order to improve manufacturing quality of irregular lightweight composite through boosting conceptual design in aeronautic and aerospace engineering,the HDT meaning hybridization of physical and digital domains,including deformation and energy efficiency can be built,where the essential parameters can be perceptually predicted in advance,by virtue of the fusion of physical sensors and digital information.The long short term memory(LSTM)can be employed to void vanishing gradient problem and improve predicting precision via Recurrent Neural Networks,thereby laying a foundation for the HDT.The diverse manufacturing requirements of different regions are integrated into the parameters designing phase by attaching region weights confirmed via empiricism and in-service simulation.The effects of slicing strategy and external support structures on manufacturing quality are considered from the perspective of improving dimensional accuracy.The manufacturing efficiency and comprehensive costs are accounted as consideration factors,which are perceptually predicted via LSTM.The designed manufacturing parameters through HDT were virtually examined by evaluating the deformation and equivalent stress distributions of fabricated lightweight component with composite material through AM process simulation.The physical experiments were conducted to verify the HDT-based pre-designing and optimization method of manufacturing parameters via fused deposition modeling(FDM).The energy consumption of actual manufacturing process was measured via digital power meter and applied to evaluate accuracy of perceptual prediction outcomes.The dimensional accuracy and distortion distribution of the manufactured lightweight prototype made with composite material were measured through the coordinate measuring machine(CMM)and 3D optical scanner.The proposed method demonstrates effectiveness in improving manufacturing quality and accurately predicting energy consumption,which have been verified with a three-way solenoid valve element,in which the maximum deformation was reduced by 39.78%and the mean absolute percentage error for perceptual prediction was 3.76%.
