In many metazoan species, germ cell formation requires the germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm which often con-tains electron dense structures. Genes required for germ cell formation in Drosophila have been isolated p...In many metazoan species, germ cell formation requires the germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm which often con-tains electron dense structures. Genes required for germ cell formation in Drosophila have been isolated predominantlyin screens for maternal-effect mutations. One such gene is tudor (tud); without proper tud function germ cell formationdoes not occur. Unlike other genes involved in Drosophila germ cell specification tud is dispensable for other somaticfunctions such as abdominal patterning. It is not known how TUD contributes at a molecular level to germ cell forma-tion but in tud mutants, polar granule formation is severely compromised, and mitochondrially encoded ribosomal RNAsdo not localize to the polar granule. TUD is composed of 11 repeats of the protein motif called the Tudor domain. Thereare similar proteins to TUD in the germ line of other metazoan species including mice. Probable vertebrate orthologuesof Drosophila genes involved in germ cell specification will be discussed.展开更多
The Tudor domain is a small, ～60 amino acid structure motif that serves to mediate intermolecular protein interactions. Recently, both structural and biochemical evidences
Why the court of admiralty of England reached its peak during the Tudor period is a long-standing issue in academic circles,and it is necessary to clarify the attribute of the Court of Admiralty before answering this ...Why the court of admiralty of England reached its peak during the Tudor period is a long-standing issue in academic circles,and it is necessary to clarify the attribute of the Court of Admiralty before answering this question.A comprehensive inspection of the admirals,judges of admiralty courts’patents,and statutes of the realm during the Tudor period reveals that,on the one hand,the court of admiralty passed the substantive admirals’judicial privileges,the typification of court of admiralty orders,and the autonomy of trial and enforcement privileges.On the other hand,on the basic of maritime upstarts,the court of admiralty,got rid of the control of the royal power and became an independent force in the English judicial system.The substantively operating independently court of admiralty may be the first comprehensive national judicial institution established in England in the early modern period.展开更多
Tudor dynasty was a transitional period from feudalism to capitalism and was considered as a golden age in the history of British absolute monarchy.During this period,the language English has changed,and the linguisti...Tudor dynasty was a transitional period from feudalism to capitalism and was considered as a golden age in the history of British absolute monarchy.During this period,the language English has changed,and the linguistic and cultural characteristics for the great changes with the help of early English communication corpus are worthy of further discussion.展开更多
In this thesis,the author tries to analyze the subtitle translation of the Tudors from the perspective of functional equiva-lence and uses many examples to analyze different translation approaches such as literal tran...In this thesis,the author tries to analyze the subtitle translation of the Tudors from the perspective of functional equiva-lence and uses many examples to analyze different translation approaches such as literal translation,free translation,paraphrase,addition and omission in details.According to the author,different approaches should be applied in order to achieve functionalequivalence.Sometimes,even in dealing with the same subtitles,the translations may be quite different because of the adaptationof different approaches.Moreover,the ultimate goal of translation is to enable the targeted audiences to understand and appreciatethe movies or TV programs as the original audiences do.This is also a very significant standard of judging whether the translation isgood or not.At last,what should be pointed out is that the most important thing that translators should pay attention to is that theyshould always bear the audiences in their mind.展开更多
This paperinvestigatesthescaleof the vagrant population duringthe Tudor Enclosure Movement from two perspectives.First,it analyzes the condition of vagrants by examining the scale of enclosure and the prevalence of il...This paperinvestigatesthescaleof the vagrant population duringthe Tudor Enclosure Movement from two perspectives.First,it analyzes the condition of vagrants by examining the scale of enclosure and the prevalence of illegal and violent enclosures.Second,it assesses the scale of vagrancy from a long-term perspective of population migration history.Regarding the scale of enclosure,the research is divided into a national analysis and a study of key regions.In the analysis of key enclosure areas,the author builds upon and expands the data of L.A.Parker to render it more comprehensive.The author concludes that approximately 25% of the agricultural and pastoral land in Leicestershire was enclosed,a finding that is largely consistent with Parker's data.From the standpoint of long-term demographic history,national migration data spanning two centuries indicates that the population migration rate during the Tudor period did not increase significantly,remaining at a mere 0.15%.This offers more macroscopic and reliable evidence concerning the scale of the vagrant population.展开更多
Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathwa...Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway.Several studies have suggested the rapid evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages with striking reproductive diversity.However,there is still limited information about the function and evolution of Tdrd genes in teleost species.In this study,through genome wide screening,13 Tdrd family genes were identified in economically important aquaculture fish,including spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus),Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer),and tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).With copy number,structure,phylogeny,and synteny analysis,duplication of Tdrd6 and Tdrd7,as well as loss of Stk31 and Tdrd10,were characterized in teleost lineages.Codon based molecular evolution analysis indicated faster evolution of teleost Tdrd genes than that in mammals,potentially associated with the accelerated evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages.The evolutionary diversity of Tdrd genes was also detected between different teleost lineages.RNA-seq analysis showed that most teleost Tdrd genes were dominantly expressed in gonads,particularly highly expressed in testis,such as Tdrd6,Tdrd7a,Tdrd9,Ecat8,and Tdrd15.The varied expression and evolutionary pattern between the duplicated Tdrd6 and Tdrd7 in teleosts may indicate their functional diversification.All these results suggest a conserved function of teleost Tdrd family in gametogenesis and the piRNA pathway,which could lay a foundation for the evolution of Tdrd genes and be helpful for further deciphering of Tdrd functions in teleosts.展开更多
文摘In many metazoan species, germ cell formation requires the germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm which often con-tains electron dense structures. Genes required for germ cell formation in Drosophila have been isolated predominantlyin screens for maternal-effect mutations. One such gene is tudor (tud); without proper tud function germ cell formationdoes not occur. Unlike other genes involved in Drosophila germ cell specification tud is dispensable for other somaticfunctions such as abdominal patterning. It is not known how TUD contributes at a molecular level to germ cell forma-tion but in tud mutants, polar granule formation is severely compromised, and mitochondrially encoded ribosomal RNAsdo not localize to the polar granule. TUD is composed of 11 repeats of the protein motif called the Tudor domain. Thereare similar proteins to TUD in the germ line of other metazoan species including mice. Probable vertebrate orthologuesof Drosophila genes involved in germ cell specification will be discussed.
文摘The Tudor domain is a small, ～60 amino acid structure motif that serves to mediate intermolecular protein interactions. Recently, both structural and biochemical evidences
文摘Why the court of admiralty of England reached its peak during the Tudor period is a long-standing issue in academic circles,and it is necessary to clarify the attribute of the Court of Admiralty before answering this question.A comprehensive inspection of the admirals,judges of admiralty courts’patents,and statutes of the realm during the Tudor period reveals that,on the one hand,the court of admiralty passed the substantive admirals’judicial privileges,the typification of court of admiralty orders,and the autonomy of trial and enforcement privileges.On the other hand,on the basic of maritime upstarts,the court of admiralty,got rid of the control of the royal power and became an independent force in the English judicial system.The substantively operating independently court of admiralty may be the first comprehensive national judicial institution established in England in the early modern period.
文摘Tudor dynasty was a transitional period from feudalism to capitalism and was considered as a golden age in the history of British absolute monarchy.During this period,the language English has changed,and the linguistic and cultural characteristics for the great changes with the help of early English communication corpus are worthy of further discussion.
文摘In this thesis,the author tries to analyze the subtitle translation of the Tudors from the perspective of functional equiva-lence and uses many examples to analyze different translation approaches such as literal translation,free translation,paraphrase,addition and omission in details.According to the author,different approaches should be applied in order to achieve functionalequivalence.Sometimes,even in dealing with the same subtitles,the translations may be quite different because of the adaptationof different approaches.Moreover,the ultimate goal of translation is to enable the targeted audiences to understand and appreciatethe movies or TV programs as the original audiences do.This is also a very significant standard of judging whether the translation isgood or not.At last,what should be pointed out is that the most important thing that translators should pay attention to is that theyshould always bear the audiences in their mind.
基金supported by the major historical issues research project of the Chinese Academy of History under the National Social Science Fund of China(Project No.LSYZD21020).
文摘This paperinvestigatesthescaleof the vagrant population duringthe Tudor Enclosure Movement from two perspectives.First,it analyzes the condition of vagrants by examining the scale of enclosure and the prevalence of illegal and violent enclosures.Second,it assesses the scale of vagrancy from a long-term perspective of population migration history.Regarding the scale of enclosure,the research is divided into a national analysis and a study of key regions.In the analysis of key enclosure areas,the author builds upon and expands the data of L.A.Parker to render it more comprehensive.The author concludes that approximately 25% of the agricultural and pastoral land in Leicestershire was enclosed,a finding that is largely consistent with Parker's data.From the standpoint of long-term demographic history,national migration data spanning two centuries indicates that the population migration rate during the Tudor period did not increase significantly,remaining at a mere 0.15%.This offers more macroscopic and reliable evidence concerning the scale of the vagrant population.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31702331)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-47-G06)National Infrastructure of Fishery Germplasm Resources.
文摘Tudor domain-containing(TDRD)proteins,the germline enriched protein family,play essential roles in the process of gametogenesis and genome stability through their interaction with the PIWI-interacting RNA(piRNA)pathway.Several studies have suggested the rapid evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages with striking reproductive diversity.However,there is still limited information about the function and evolution of Tdrd genes in teleost species.In this study,through genome wide screening,13 Tdrd family genes were identified in economically important aquaculture fish,including spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus),Asian sea bass(Lates calcarifer),and tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis).With copy number,structure,phylogeny,and synteny analysis,duplication of Tdrd6 and Tdrd7,as well as loss of Stk31 and Tdrd10,were characterized in teleost lineages.Codon based molecular evolution analysis indicated faster evolution of teleost Tdrd genes than that in mammals,potentially associated with the accelerated evolution of the piRNA pathway in teleost lineages.The evolutionary diversity of Tdrd genes was also detected between different teleost lineages.RNA-seq analysis showed that most teleost Tdrd genes were dominantly expressed in gonads,particularly highly expressed in testis,such as Tdrd6,Tdrd7a,Tdrd9,Ecat8,and Tdrd15.The varied expression and evolutionary pattern between the duplicated Tdrd6 and Tdrd7 in teleosts may indicate their functional diversification.All these results suggest a conserved function of teleost Tdrd family in gametogenesis and the piRNA pathway,which could lay a foundation for the evolution of Tdrd genes and be helpful for further deciphering of Tdrd functions in teleosts.
