Salmo trutta is one of the major native economic fishes in Tibet. The biological characteristics, muscle nutrition composition, molecular biology, breeding and resources status of S： trutta are summarized.
This 121-day experiment evaluated the rearing performance of brown trout Salmo trutta fed one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets and reared at velocities of either 2.8 or 16.1 cm/s. Fishmeal was the primary pr...This 121-day experiment evaluated the rearing performance of brown trout Salmo trutta fed one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets and reared at velocities of either 2.8 or 16.1 cm/s. Fishmeal was the primary protein source for the reference diet, and bioprocessed soybean meal replaced approximately 67% of the fishmeal in the experimental diet. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, feed conversion rates, or specific growth rates between the dietary treatments. There were also no significant differences in intestinal morphology, splenosomatic, hepatosomatic, and viscerosomatic indices related to diet composition. However, gain, percent gain, feed fed, and specific growth rate were all significantly greater in brown trout reared at the higher velocity. No significant differences in any of the other variables measured were observed between the velocity treatments. There were no significant interactions between diet and velocity in any of the variables. Based on the results of this study, bioprocessed soybean meal can replace at least 67% of the fishmeal in brown trout diets, regardless of the rearing velocities used in this study. However, higher rearing velocities are recommended to maximize juvenile brown trout growth rates.展开更多
This study documented brown trout (Salmo trutta) spawning locations, redd construction timing, and associated environmental variables in an 850-m long mainstem section and a 400-m long diversion channel of Spearfish C...This study documented brown trout (Salmo trutta) spawning locations, redd construction timing, and associated environmental variables in an 850-m long mainstem section and a 400-m long diversion channel of Spearfish Creek within the city limits of Spearfish, South Dakota, USA in 2019. The first redds were observed on October 15, with no new redds observed after November 12. Redd construction peaked during the first week of November, when 23 redds were observed in the mainstem section and 50 in the diversion channel. Substrate size was significantly smaller, water temperatures significantly higher, and water velocities significantly greater in redd versus non-redd locations in both the mainstem reach and the diversion channel (P ˚C), but significant, increase in water temperature from the rest of the channel locations. This is the first study to document redd locations in Spearfish Creek and will provide a baseline to evaluate future spawning activity, particularly as it may be affected by likely future anthropogenic changes potentially affecting the stream environment.展开更多
Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice ...Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and thereforeentail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting （UV＋） and another in a UV-blocking （UV-） chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. ＂yearlings＂. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectnun and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to stickle- backs enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. Control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to LrV having an influence on hue perception rather than brighmess discrimination. The difference in attack probability cor- responded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV＋ and UV- conditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 151-159, 2013].展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Tibet Autonomous Region"Compensation Growth and Compensation Mechanism of Salmo trutta Larvae after Starvation"(2016ZR-NK-15)
文摘Salmo trutta is one of the major native economic fishes in Tibet. The biological characteristics, muscle nutrition composition, molecular biology, breeding and resources status of S： trutta are summarized.
文摘This 121-day experiment evaluated the rearing performance of brown trout Salmo trutta fed one of two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets and reared at velocities of either 2.8 or 16.1 cm/s. Fishmeal was the primary protein source for the reference diet, and bioprocessed soybean meal replaced approximately 67% of the fishmeal in the experimental diet. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in gain, percent gain, feed conversion rates, or specific growth rates between the dietary treatments. There were also no significant differences in intestinal morphology, splenosomatic, hepatosomatic, and viscerosomatic indices related to diet composition. However, gain, percent gain, feed fed, and specific growth rate were all significantly greater in brown trout reared at the higher velocity. No significant differences in any of the other variables measured were observed between the velocity treatments. There were no significant interactions between diet and velocity in any of the variables. Based on the results of this study, bioprocessed soybean meal can replace at least 67% of the fishmeal in brown trout diets, regardless of the rearing velocities used in this study. However, higher rearing velocities are recommended to maximize juvenile brown trout growth rates.
文摘This study documented brown trout (Salmo trutta) spawning locations, redd construction timing, and associated environmental variables in an 850-m long mainstem section and a 400-m long diversion channel of Spearfish Creek within the city limits of Spearfish, South Dakota, USA in 2019. The first redds were observed on October 15, with no new redds observed after November 12. Redd construction peaked during the first week of November, when 23 redds were observed in the mainstem section and 50 in the diversion channel. Substrate size was significantly smaller, water temperatures significantly higher, and water velocities significantly greater in redd versus non-redd locations in both the mainstem reach and the diversion channel (P ˚C), but significant, increase in water temperature from the rest of the channel locations. This is the first study to document redd locations in Spearfish Creek and will provide a baseline to evaluate future spawning activity, particularly as it may be affected by likely future anthropogenic changes potentially affecting the stream environment.
文摘Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and thereforeentail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting （UV＋） and another in a UV-blocking （UV-） chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. ＂yearlings＂. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectnun and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to stickle- backs enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. Control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to LrV having an influence on hue perception rather than brighmess discrimination. The difference in attack probability cor- responded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV＋ and UV- conditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 151-159, 2013].
