【目的】黑素皮质素受体1(Melanocortin 1 receptor,MC1R)在哺乳动物色素合成和毛色形成中具有至关重要的作用,不同的MC1R基因型会导致猪形成不同的毛色表型。该研究旨在通过分子分析解释杜洛克猪与海南定安猪杂交F1代出现异常毛色的现...【目的】黑素皮质素受体1(Melanocortin 1 receptor,MC1R)在哺乳动物色素合成和毛色形成中具有至关重要的作用,不同的MC1R基因型会导致猪形成不同的毛色表型。该研究旨在通过分子分析解释杜洛克猪与海南定安猪杂交F1代出现异常毛色的现象,为提高杂交猪的毛色均一性和减少经济损失提供理论依据。【方法】利用PCR技术对10头毛色异常的杂交仔猪及35头定安猪母本的MC1R基因型进行鉴定,针对杜洛克猪MC1R基因特有的A164V、A243T突变位点进行测序分析。同时使用黑色素染色法对其皮肤样本中黑色素含量进行分析,使用免疫组织化学染色法针对其皮肤样本内酪氨酸酶(Tyrosinase,TYR)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(Tyrosinase related protein 1,TRP1)和多巴色素互变异构酶(Dopachrome tautomerase,DCT)的表达水平进行检测。【结果】MC1R基因型鉴定结果显示,35头定安猪母本中有32头为E^(D1)/e杂合子,仅有3头为E^(D1)/E^(D1)纯合子,而红毛子代均为e/e纯合子。通过组织学分析,发现E^(D1)/e杂合子与E^(D1)/E^(D1)纯合子母本表皮及毛囊处均有黑色素沉积,且均能正常表达TYR和TRP1等色素合成关键酶,表明杂合子与纯合子定安猪的色素合成水平较为相似,难以单纯从外貌表型上对两者进行区分。【结论】定安猪母本掺入杜洛克猪血统,在实际生产中因杂交可导致后代毛色分离并造成经济损失。鉴于外貌表型上难以区分E^(D1)/e杂合子与E^(D1)/E^(D1)纯合子定安猪,在利用杜洛克猪杂交生产黑色商品猪时,应对地方猪群体的MC1R等毛色基因进行分子鉴定。展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the level of methotrexate(MTX)toxicity in the intestines of mice and to evaluate the protective effect of probiotics composed of Streptococcus,Bifidobacterium,and...Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the level of methotrexate(MTX)toxicity in the intestines of mice and to evaluate the protective effect of probiotics composed of Streptococcus,Bifidobacterium,and Lactobacillus species on intestinal cells during MTX treatment.Methods:Mice were divided into three groups:control,MTX group(received MTX injections),and MTX+probiotics group(received MTX injections along with a diet containing probiotics).Morphological and histological changes,the level of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)damage,the level of lipid peroxidation products,and gene expression in the mice’s small intestine were assessed.Results:We demonstrated that intraperitoneal MTX injections significantly increased mtDNA damage in the liver(p<0.001),small intestine(p<0.001),and blood of mice(p<0.01).MTX elevated the quantity of lipid peroxidation products in the liver and small intestine,indicating its strong prooxidative properties.MTX induced structural changes in the mice’s intestines,characterized by leukocytic infiltration of tissues.Probiotic therapy in mice partially mitigated the morphological and histological changes in the small intestine induced by MTX,reduced oxidative stress,and promoted increased expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1(Nqo1),which participates in both cell protection against oxidative stress and drug/xenobiotic detoxification.Probiotics prevented the upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1b in the small intestine and induced increased expression of genes associated with the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Antioxidant response element(Nrf2/ARE)pathway,an important mechanism of cell protection.Conclusions:Probiotics can be considered an effective approach to reducing the toxicity of MTX during psoriasis or cancer treatment.展开更多
文摘【目的】黑素皮质素受体1(Melanocortin 1 receptor,MC1R)在哺乳动物色素合成和毛色形成中具有至关重要的作用,不同的MC1R基因型会导致猪形成不同的毛色表型。该研究旨在通过分子分析解释杜洛克猪与海南定安猪杂交F1代出现异常毛色的现象,为提高杂交猪的毛色均一性和减少经济损失提供理论依据。【方法】利用PCR技术对10头毛色异常的杂交仔猪及35头定安猪母本的MC1R基因型进行鉴定,针对杜洛克猪MC1R基因特有的A164V、A243T突变位点进行测序分析。同时使用黑色素染色法对其皮肤样本中黑色素含量进行分析,使用免疫组织化学染色法针对其皮肤样本内酪氨酸酶(Tyrosinase,TYR)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(Tyrosinase related protein 1,TRP1)和多巴色素互变异构酶(Dopachrome tautomerase,DCT)的表达水平进行检测。【结果】MC1R基因型鉴定结果显示,35头定安猪母本中有32头为E^(D1)/e杂合子,仅有3头为E^(D1)/E^(D1)纯合子,而红毛子代均为e/e纯合子。通过组织学分析,发现E^(D1)/e杂合子与E^(D1)/E^(D1)纯合子母本表皮及毛囊处均有黑色素沉积,且均能正常表达TYR和TRP1等色素合成关键酶,表明杂合子与纯合子定安猪的色素合成水平较为相似,难以单纯从外貌表型上对两者进行区分。【结论】定安猪母本掺入杜洛克猪血统,在实际生产中因杂交可导致后代毛色分离并造成经济损失。鉴于外貌表型上难以区分E^(D1)/e杂合子与E^(D1)/E^(D1)纯合子定安猪,在利用杜洛克猪杂交生产黑色商品猪时,应对地方猪群体的MC1R等毛色基因进行分子鉴定。
基金This research was carried out within the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(project FZGW-2024-0003).
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the level of methotrexate(MTX)toxicity in the intestines of mice and to evaluate the protective effect of probiotics composed of Streptococcus,Bifidobacterium,and Lactobacillus species on intestinal cells during MTX treatment.Methods:Mice were divided into three groups:control,MTX group(received MTX injections),and MTX+probiotics group(received MTX injections along with a diet containing probiotics).Morphological and histological changes,the level of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)damage,the level of lipid peroxidation products,and gene expression in the mice’s small intestine were assessed.Results:We demonstrated that intraperitoneal MTX injections significantly increased mtDNA damage in the liver(p<0.001),small intestine(p<0.001),and blood of mice(p<0.01).MTX elevated the quantity of lipid peroxidation products in the liver and small intestine,indicating its strong prooxidative properties.MTX induced structural changes in the mice’s intestines,characterized by leukocytic infiltration of tissues.Probiotic therapy in mice partially mitigated the morphological and histological changes in the small intestine induced by MTX,reduced oxidative stress,and promoted increased expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1(Nqo1),which participates in both cell protection against oxidative stress and drug/xenobiotic detoxification.Probiotics prevented the upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1b in the small intestine and induced increased expression of genes associated with the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Antioxidant response element(Nrf2/ARE)pathway,an important mechanism of cell protection.Conclusions:Probiotics can be considered an effective approach to reducing the toxicity of MTX during psoriasis or cancer treatment.
