In what is a great news for those engage in the co!ee sector,the government of Burundi and the Chinese embassy in Bujumbura recently announced the commencement of exports of Burundian co!ee to China.The first consignm...In what is a great news for those engage in the co!ee sector,the government of Burundi and the Chinese embassy in Bujumbura recently announced the commencement of exports of Burundian co!ee to China.The first consignment of 38 tonnes of green co!ee has already been shipped to China.This will further strengthen the economic and trade relations between the two countries.China Henan International Cooperation Group(CHICO)will be responsible for selling Burundian co!ee in China.展开更多
This paper empirically studies the impact mechanism of the depth of digital trade rules on China’s digital service trade exports and explores the improvement paths for China accordingly.Based on the transaction cost ...This paper empirically studies the impact mechanism of the depth of digital trade rules on China’s digital service trade exports and explores the improvement paths for China accordingly.Based on the transaction cost theory and other foundations,this paper systematically classifies rule provisions into four categories:access and facilitation,cross-border data flow,digital intellectual property rights,and privacy protection and data security.It also uses the gravity model of trade to quantitatively analyze 22 Regional Trade Agreements texts involving China.The empirical results show that:the depth of digital trade rules as a whole significantly promotes digital service trade exports;the core driving factors include the gap in digital infrastructure,differences in higher education levels,urbanization levels,and GDP gaps;all four categories of provisions show a significant positive impact,among which access and facilitation provisions have the most prominent promotional effect.Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the depth of rules has a significantly stronger promotional effect on trade partners in developed countries than in developing countries;sector-specific tests show that the financial services sector benefits the most,while the intellectual property sector is inhibited.Based on this,this paper proposes that China should actively participate in the construction of global rules,improve digital infrastructure,deepen the implementation of provisions,orderly expand opening-up in the digital field,strengthen intellectual property protection to balance innovation incentives and market expansion,and improve laws and regulations to ensure data security.展开更多
The global trade governance system is the institutional safeguard for maintaining the operation of world trade. It consists of governance entities, platforms and rules. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the global trade ...The global trade governance system is the institutional safeguard for maintaining the operation of world trade. It consists of governance entities, platforms and rules. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the global trade governance system has mainly referred to the multilateral trading system, with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) and the World Trade Organization(WTO) serving as governance platforms.展开更多
Since the early 2000s,economic ties between China and Indonesia have grown into one of the most important bilateral partnerships in Asia.Recent developments have strengthened this relationship,as Indonesia became Chin...Since the early 2000s,economic ties between China and Indonesia have grown into one of the most important bilateral partnerships in Asia.Recent developments have strengthened this relationship,as Indonesia became China’s largest trading partner for the ninth repeated year,with bilateral trade surpassing USD 147 billion in 2024.展开更多
In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience...In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience of digital trade in the face of external crises is an important topic.Taking the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction,this paper constructs a resilience index system for digital trade.It utilizes entropy method,kernel density estimation,and ArcGIS mapping to calculate and visually analyze the resilience of China’s digital trade from 2017 to 2021.Additionally,a Tobit model is constructed to explore the main influencing factors of digital trade resilience patterns.The research findings indicate:1)temporally,during the period of Sino-US trade friction,China’s digital trade resilience shows an overall upward trend,but there are regional differences in resilience levels across the country,with a severe polarization phenomenon.2)Spatially,high resilience is observed in the eastern and central regions of China,while the western and northeastern regions exhibit low resilience.3)From a dimensional perspective,the resistance of digital trade resilience displays a spatial distribution of high values in the east and low values in the west.The recovery force is aggregated along coastal areas,and the renewal force tends to aggregate along the eastern coastline.4)Factors such as economic scale,industrial structure,urbanization rate,government fiscal expenditure,and technological talents significantly promote the enhancement of digital trade resilience.This study reveals the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of digital trade resilience in responding to external shocks,providing theoretical basis and policy suggestions for enhancing digital trade resilience,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.展开更多
Washington’s disruptive trade wars present both opportunities and challenges to China and Africa.Borders that are crisscrossed more frequently by trade in goods and services are less likely to be besieged by soldiers...Washington’s disruptive trade wars present both opportunities and challenges to China and Africa.Borders that are crisscrossed more frequently by trade in goods and services are less likely to be besieged by soldiers and other armed elements,buttressing the fact that trade dividends are not just related to development,growth,and prosperity,but also include peace and mutual understanding through dialogue among civilisations.展开更多
If there were any doubts about the Trump administration’s inherent obsession with decoupling,polarization and jolting of global trade,they can be laid to rest.A series of statements and measures have been made by the...If there were any doubts about the Trump administration’s inherent obsession with decoupling,polarization and jolting of global trade,they can be laid to rest.A series of statements and measures have been made by the U.S.government on economic relations with China including administrative decision to hit Chinese goods with additional tariffs despite China.展开更多
In 2025,China and Singapore commemorate the 35th anniversary of diplomatic relations-a partnership built on pragmatic cooperation,regional connectivity,and enduring mutual trust.From early trade exchange to today’s m...In 2025,China and Singapore commemorate the 35th anniversary of diplomatic relations-a partnership built on pragmatic cooperation,regional connectivity,and enduring mutual trust.From early trade exchange to today’s multidimensional collaboration,the relationship has steadily evolved in response to shifting global dynamics and shared long-term interests.Long before diplomatic ties were established in 1990,economic exchange between China and Singapore was already taking shape.By the 1960s,Chinese-made products such as Hero fountain pens and Meilin luncheon meat were already common in Singaporean households.The city-state functioned as a regional distribution hub for Chinese goods moving into Southeast Asia-a role that reflected its early significance as a connector in the regional economy.展开更多
The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope ...The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope of economic and trade cooperation between China and Thailand have dramatically expanded.Both nations have strengthened their bilateral economic ties,which have increasingly strengthened their interdependence and.complementarity,presenting a broad prospect of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.展开更多
On September 1st,the 18th Chi na-LAC Business Summit Promotion Conference opened in Beijing.Chinese and foreign vips gathered to prepare for the 18th China LAC Business Summit,planned for Zhengzhou,Henan,from Novemb...On September 1st,the 18th Chi na-LAC Business Summit Promotion Conference opened in Beijing.Chinese and foreign vips gathered to prepare for the 18th China LAC Business Summit,planned for Zhengzhou,Henan,from November 3rd to 4th.展开更多
Established in 1970,the Singapore-China Business Association has been a prominent business organization in Singapore.It is dedicated to promoting economic and trade development as well as fostering friendship between ...Established in 1970,the Singapore-China Business Association has been a prominent business organization in Singapore.It is dedicated to promoting economic and trade development as well as fostering friendship between China and Singapore while safeguarding members’interests and strengthening connections among them.For over five decades,the association has remained committed to advancing economic,trade,and cultural exchanges between Singapore and China.By organizing business delegations,hosting exhibitions,and participating in initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative,it has built a collaborative platform for enterprises from both countries,making significant contributions to their economic development.Toh Tiau Lai,president of the Singapore-China Business Association,is a third-generation Chinese Singaporean with ancestral roots in Quanzhou,southeast China’s Fujian Province.展开更多
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has endowed the concept of state sovereignty with new era-specific connotations,leading to the emergence of the theory of data sovereignty.While countries refine their domestic legisla...The Fourth Industrial Revolution has endowed the concept of state sovereignty with new era-specific connotations,leading to the emergence of the theory of data sovereignty.While countries refine their domestic legislation to establish their data sovereignty,they are also actively engaging in the negotiation of cross-border data flow rules within international trade agreements to construct data sovereignty.During these negotiations,countries express differing regulatory claims,with some focusing on safeguarding sovereignty and protecting human rights,some prioritizing economic promotion and security assurance,and others targeting traditional and innovative digital trade barriers.These varied approaches reflect the tension between three pairs of values:collectivism and individualism,freedom and security,and tradition and innovation.Based on their distinct value pursuits,three representative models of data sovereignty construction have emerged globally.At the current juncture,when international rules for digital trade are still in their nascent stages,China should timely establish its data sovereignty rules,actively participate in global data sovereignty competition,and balance its sovereignty interests with other interests.Specifically,China should explore the scope of system-acceptable digital trade barriers through free trade zones;integrate domestic and international legal frameworks to ensure the alignment of China’s data governance legislation with its obligations under international trade agreements;and use the development of the“Digital Silk Road”as a starting point to prioritize the formation of digital trade rules with countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative,promoting the Chinese solutions internationally.展开更多
Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns...Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns with labor indicators in“Doing Business”,the assessment of business situations issued by the World Bank.It differs from the labor rights protection focus emphasized in trade agreements.The latest strategic documents issued by the State Council of China have addressed this issue to fully achieve the goal of aligning Free Trade Zones with high-standard trade agreements.Building on the development of Free Trade Zone legislation and domestic labor law governance,China should proactively explore a tailored approach to labor provisions in Free Trade Agreements.In this approach,it should explicitly define the“baseline”and“ceiling”for labor provisions during negotiations and,within this framework,establish benchmarks for labor rights protection,enforcement mechanisms,and cross-border regulatory mechanisms suited to the specific conditions of the agreement parties.展开更多
Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sig...Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sign a bilateral free trade agreement with China and the first to reach an upgraded protocol.Chile also established mutual recognition of Authorized Economic Operators(AEO)with China,the first country in South America to do so.展开更多
Against the backdrop of profound reshaping of the current international landscape and the unprecedentedly rapid iteration of digital technologies,the global digital economy landscape and international trade rule syste...Against the backdrop of profound reshaping of the current international landscape and the unprecedentedly rapid iteration of digital technologies,the global digital economy landscape and international trade rule system are entering a new era full of changes.Digital trade rules have emerged as a prominent focus in this field.Firstly,through a comprehensive review of sample data such as the WTO e-commerce proposals under the current multilateral framework,we can gain a profound insight into the negotiation practices of major economies regarding digital trade rules.In this context,China has demonstrated strong defensive interests in the“emerging”issues of digital trade,aiming to safeguard national data security and promote the healthy development of the digital economy.Therefore,when participating in the formulation of global digital trade rules,China needs to accurately strike a balance between offense and defense,contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions,and promote the construction of a fairer,more reasonable,and inclusive international digital trade governance system.展开更多
The horizontal ecological compensation plays an important role in balancing the interests of all parties and coordinating regional development in the basin.However,the mechanism of ecological compensation based on emb...The horizontal ecological compensation plays an important role in balancing the interests of all parties and coordinating regional development in the basin.However,the mechanism of ecological compensation based on embodied carbon emissions is still poorly understood.Here,taking the Yellow River Basin as the research area,we use the multi-regional input-output(MRIO)model to measure the embodied carbon transfers between its seven urban agglomerations in 2012 and 2017 from the viewpoint of value-added trade benefits.Further,for the first time,the green trade benefits and ecological compensation amounts are analyzed.The results indicate that:(1)The transfer of trade-embodied carbon among the urban agglomerations in the basin showed obvious spatial heterogeneity and geographic proximity effects,and trade-embodied carbon outflows(inflows)had a pattern of"highest in the midstream,second in the downstream,and lowest in the upstream".(2)The industry composition of the urban agglomerations in relation to embodied carbon outflows(inflows)was similar,mainly in the service and heavy manufacturing industries.(3)The spatial pattern of green trade benefits in the basin had shifted from"high in the north and low in the surrounding area"to"high in the east-central part and low in the west".(4)The pattern of ecological compensation in the basin had shifted from the upstream surplus,the middle and downstream deficit to the midstream deficit,and the upstream and downstream surplus.Therefore,we recommend improving energy structures in high-demand urban agglomerations by adopting clean energy,focusing on decarbonization and energy efficiency in resource-rich regions.Additionally,promoting low-carbon economies,especially in the service and heavy manufacturing industries,implementing differentiated emission reduction strategies,and optimizing carbon compensation mechanisms considering regional disparities and resource endowments are crucial.It is expected that the study can enrich the scientific basis of horizontal ecological compensation and increase the fairness of regional carbon emission rights allocation.展开更多
The Swiss textile machinery industry has staged a strong recovery in the first half of 2025,with export volumes rising by 12.2%compared to the same period last year.This positive rebound marks a significant turnaround...The Swiss textile machinery industry has staged a strong recovery in the first half of 2025,with export volumes rising by 12.2%compared to the same period last year.This positive rebound marks a significant turnaround from a challenging 2024,which saw exports decline by 17.7%.The upturn is fueled by renewed demand from key Asian markets,including China,India,and Bangladesh,alongside growing interest from Southeast Asia and North Africa.This resurgence highlights the resilience of Swiss manufacturers and the global industry's ongoing drive toward advanced and sustainable technologies,even amidst complex global economic conditions.展开更多
This article aims to analyze the repercussions of food trade between China and various regions of the world to understand the dynamics of food flows and offer a novel perspective on the contemporary globalization proc...This article aims to analyze the repercussions of food trade between China and various regions of the world to understand the dynamics of food flows and offer a novel perspective on the contemporary globalization process.Understanding these flows involves analyzing the global production and commercialization of food and the effects of these movements on exporting and importing countries in economic terms and food security.The concept of unequal caloric exchange is applied to the case of China,which allows for an understanding of how its economic growth and participation in international trade have transformed its global and internal commercial dynamics by establishing links with self-sufficiency and the composition of its population’s diet.The results show that China is increasingly dependent on international markets for its food supply.From 1961 to 2021,food consumption in China has tripled in calories and experienced qualitative changes,with a reduction in high-quality carbohydrates and vegetable proteins and an increase in cereals,vegetable oils,alcohol,and vegetables.This dietary transformation is related to economic growth and greater dependence on international trade.From 1987 to 2022,China has shown a growing deficit in the food trade balance,with imports exceeding exports in volume,value,and calories,although it maintains favorable terms of trade.Food self-sufficiency has decreased from 95%in 1961 to 76%in 2022,and the diet has diversified,replacing traditional foods with products demanded in international trade.展开更多
Forests are essential for both ecological and economic aspects.Most rural people in developing countries rely on forest resources for their livelihood.Since 1980,trade has substantially affected forest cover,density,a...Forests are essential for both ecological and economic aspects.Most rural people in developing countries rely on forest resources for their livelihood.Since 1980,trade has substantially affected forest cover,density,and management in developing countries.Few studies have examined how changes in trade structure and international trade in primary commodities affect forest density.To better understand the relationship between trade,trade structure adjustment,and forest density,this study examined 52 developing countries across four income levels:high income(HI),low income(LI),upper-middle income(UMI),and lower-middle income(LMI).We compared studies on historical changes in forest cover with those on forest density.For alternative outcomes,we used a generalized method of moments(GMM)model for the entire panel and a random-effects model for various income categories.The results show that the percentage of non-primary goods exported(PNPEXP)and total manufacturing and services exported(TEXP)significantly impact forest density.This suggests that trade and trade structure can improve a country’s forest density conditions.展开更多
In the current global trade landscape,which is becoming increasingly complex and dynamic,trade risk prevention and control has become a focal point for businesses and relevant institutions.The rapid development of art...In the current global trade landscape,which is becoming increasingly complex and dynamic,trade risk prevention and control has become a focal point for businesses and relevant institutions.The rapid development of artificial intelligenc e(AI)technology has brought about new ideas and means to the prevention and control of trade risks.展开更多
文摘In what is a great news for those engage in the co!ee sector,the government of Burundi and the Chinese embassy in Bujumbura recently announced the commencement of exports of Burundian co!ee to China.The first consignment of 38 tonnes of green co!ee has already been shipped to China.This will further strengthen the economic and trade relations between the two countries.China Henan International Cooperation Group(CHICO)will be responsible for selling Burundian co!ee in China.
文摘This paper empirically studies the impact mechanism of the depth of digital trade rules on China’s digital service trade exports and explores the improvement paths for China accordingly.Based on the transaction cost theory and other foundations,this paper systematically classifies rule provisions into four categories:access and facilitation,cross-border data flow,digital intellectual property rights,and privacy protection and data security.It also uses the gravity model of trade to quantitatively analyze 22 Regional Trade Agreements texts involving China.The empirical results show that:the depth of digital trade rules as a whole significantly promotes digital service trade exports;the core driving factors include the gap in digital infrastructure,differences in higher education levels,urbanization levels,and GDP gaps;all four categories of provisions show a significant positive impact,among which access and facilitation provisions have the most prominent promotional effect.Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the depth of rules has a significantly stronger promotional effect on trade partners in developed countries than in developing countries;sector-specific tests show that the financial services sector benefits the most,while the intellectual property sector is inhibited.Based on this,this paper proposes that China should actively participate in the construction of global rules,improve digital infrastructure,deepen the implementation of provisions,orderly expand opening-up in the digital field,strengthen intellectual property protection to balance innovation incentives and market expansion,and improve laws and regulations to ensure data security.
文摘The global trade governance system is the institutional safeguard for maintaining the operation of world trade. It consists of governance entities, platforms and rules. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the global trade governance system has mainly referred to the multilateral trading system, with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) and the World Trade Organization(WTO) serving as governance platforms.
文摘Since the early 2000s,economic ties between China and Indonesia have grown into one of the most important bilateral partnerships in Asia.Recent developments have strengthened this relationship,as Indonesia became China’s largest trading partner for the ninth repeated year,with bilateral trade surpassing USD 147 billion in 2024.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42471205)the General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(No.2024JYTYB12)the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(No.23NDJC109YB)。
文摘In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience of digital trade in the face of external crises is an important topic.Taking the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction,this paper constructs a resilience index system for digital trade.It utilizes entropy method,kernel density estimation,and ArcGIS mapping to calculate and visually analyze the resilience of China’s digital trade from 2017 to 2021.Additionally,a Tobit model is constructed to explore the main influencing factors of digital trade resilience patterns.The research findings indicate:1)temporally,during the period of Sino-US trade friction,China’s digital trade resilience shows an overall upward trend,but there are regional differences in resilience levels across the country,with a severe polarization phenomenon.2)Spatially,high resilience is observed in the eastern and central regions of China,while the western and northeastern regions exhibit low resilience.3)From a dimensional perspective,the resistance of digital trade resilience displays a spatial distribution of high values in the east and low values in the west.The recovery force is aggregated along coastal areas,and the renewal force tends to aggregate along the eastern coastline.4)Factors such as economic scale,industrial structure,urbanization rate,government fiscal expenditure,and technological talents significantly promote the enhancement of digital trade resilience.This study reveals the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of digital trade resilience in responding to external shocks,providing theoretical basis and policy suggestions for enhancing digital trade resilience,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.
文摘Washington’s disruptive trade wars present both opportunities and challenges to China and Africa.Borders that are crisscrossed more frequently by trade in goods and services are less likely to be besieged by soldiers and other armed elements,buttressing the fact that trade dividends are not just related to development,growth,and prosperity,but also include peace and mutual understanding through dialogue among civilisations.
文摘If there were any doubts about the Trump administration’s inherent obsession with decoupling,polarization and jolting of global trade,they can be laid to rest.A series of statements and measures have been made by the U.S.government on economic relations with China including administrative decision to hit Chinese goods with additional tariffs despite China.
文摘In 2025,China and Singapore commemorate the 35th anniversary of diplomatic relations-a partnership built on pragmatic cooperation,regional connectivity,and enduring mutual trust.From early trade exchange to today’s multidimensional collaboration,the relationship has steadily evolved in response to shifting global dynamics and shared long-term interests.Long before diplomatic ties were established in 1990,economic exchange between China and Singapore was already taking shape.By the 1960s,Chinese-made products such as Hero fountain pens and Meilin luncheon meat were already common in Singaporean households.The city-state functioned as a regional distribution hub for Chinese goods moving into Southeast Asia-a role that reflected its early significance as a connector in the regional economy.
文摘The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand,as well as the“Golden Jubilee of Sino-Thai Friendship”.Over the past half-century,the scale and scope of economic and trade cooperation between China and Thailand have dramatically expanded.Both nations have strengthened their bilateral economic ties,which have increasingly strengthened their interdependence and.complementarity,presenting a broad prospect of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.
文摘On September 1st,the 18th Chi na-LAC Business Summit Promotion Conference opened in Beijing.Chinese and foreign vips gathered to prepare for the 18th China LAC Business Summit,planned for Zhengzhou,Henan,from November 3rd to 4th.
文摘Established in 1970,the Singapore-China Business Association has been a prominent business organization in Singapore.It is dedicated to promoting economic and trade development as well as fostering friendship between China and Singapore while safeguarding members’interests and strengthening connections among them.For over five decades,the association has remained committed to advancing economic,trade,and cultural exchanges between Singapore and China.By organizing business delegations,hosting exhibitions,and participating in initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative,it has built a collaborative platform for enterprises from both countries,making significant contributions to their economic development.Toh Tiau Lai,president of the Singapore-China Business Association,is a third-generation Chinese Singaporean with ancestral roots in Quanzhou,southeast China’s Fujian Province.
基金This paper is a phased result of the“Research on the Issue of China’s Data Export System”(24SFB3035)a research project of the Ministry of Justice of China on the construction of the rule of law and the study of legal theories at the ministerial level in 2024.
文摘The Fourth Industrial Revolution has endowed the concept of state sovereignty with new era-specific connotations,leading to the emergence of the theory of data sovereignty.While countries refine their domestic legislation to establish their data sovereignty,they are also actively engaging in the negotiation of cross-border data flow rules within international trade agreements to construct data sovereignty.During these negotiations,countries express differing regulatory claims,with some focusing on safeguarding sovereignty and protecting human rights,some prioritizing economic promotion and security assurance,and others targeting traditional and innovative digital trade barriers.These varied approaches reflect the tension between three pairs of values:collectivism and individualism,freedom and security,and tradition and innovation.Based on their distinct value pursuits,three representative models of data sovereignty construction have emerged globally.At the current juncture,when international rules for digital trade are still in their nascent stages,China should timely establish its data sovereignty rules,actively participate in global data sovereignty competition,and balance its sovereignty interests with other interests.Specifically,China should explore the scope of system-acceptable digital trade barriers through free trade zones;integrate domestic and international legal frameworks to ensure the alignment of China’s data governance legislation with its obligations under international trade agreements;and use the development of the“Digital Silk Road”as a starting point to prioritize the formation of digital trade rules with countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative,promoting the Chinese solutions internationally.
基金result of the“Research on ESG Supply Chain Governance and Labor Rights Protection”(Project Number SUFE-ESG-20250315)a general subject project of the Fullgoal Institute for ESG Research,SUFE in 2025.
文摘Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns with labor indicators in“Doing Business”,the assessment of business situations issued by the World Bank.It differs from the labor rights protection focus emphasized in trade agreements.The latest strategic documents issued by the State Council of China have addressed this issue to fully achieve the goal of aligning Free Trade Zones with high-standard trade agreements.Building on the development of Free Trade Zone legislation and domestic labor law governance,China should proactively explore a tailored approach to labor provisions in Free Trade Agreements.In this approach,it should explicitly define the“baseline”and“ceiling”for labor provisions during negotiations and,within this framework,establish benchmarks for labor rights protection,enforcement mechanisms,and cross-border regulatory mechanisms suited to the specific conditions of the agreement parties.
文摘Chile,a pioneer and benchmark partner for China's free trade.cooperation in Latin America,holds a special position in China-Latin America economic and trade relations.It was the first Latin American country to sign a bilateral free trade agreement with China and the first to reach an upgraded protocol.Chile also established mutual recognition of Authorized Economic Operators(AEO)with China,the first country in South America to do so.
基金the achievements of the 2025 Guangxi Degree and Graduate Education Reform Project on Artificial Intelligence Empowering International Business Master’s Teaching Innovation Research(JGY2025036).
文摘Against the backdrop of profound reshaping of the current international landscape and the unprecedentedly rapid iteration of digital technologies,the global digital economy landscape and international trade rule system are entering a new era full of changes.Digital trade rules have emerged as a prominent focus in this field.Firstly,through a comprehensive review of sample data such as the WTO e-commerce proposals under the current multilateral framework,we can gain a profound insight into the negotiation practices of major economies regarding digital trade rules.In this context,China has demonstrated strong defensive interests in the“emerging”issues of digital trade,aiming to safeguard national data security and promote the healthy development of the digital economy.Therefore,when participating in the formulation of global digital trade rules,China needs to accurately strike a balance between offense and defense,contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions,and promote the construction of a fairer,more reasonable,and inclusive international digital trade governance system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 42201302)the"Double First-Class"University Construction Project of Lanzhou University(Grant number:561120213)。
文摘The horizontal ecological compensation plays an important role in balancing the interests of all parties and coordinating regional development in the basin.However,the mechanism of ecological compensation based on embodied carbon emissions is still poorly understood.Here,taking the Yellow River Basin as the research area,we use the multi-regional input-output(MRIO)model to measure the embodied carbon transfers between its seven urban agglomerations in 2012 and 2017 from the viewpoint of value-added trade benefits.Further,for the first time,the green trade benefits and ecological compensation amounts are analyzed.The results indicate that:(1)The transfer of trade-embodied carbon among the urban agglomerations in the basin showed obvious spatial heterogeneity and geographic proximity effects,and trade-embodied carbon outflows(inflows)had a pattern of"highest in the midstream,second in the downstream,and lowest in the upstream".(2)The industry composition of the urban agglomerations in relation to embodied carbon outflows(inflows)was similar,mainly in the service and heavy manufacturing industries.(3)The spatial pattern of green trade benefits in the basin had shifted from"high in the north and low in the surrounding area"to"high in the east-central part and low in the west".(4)The pattern of ecological compensation in the basin had shifted from the upstream surplus,the middle and downstream deficit to the midstream deficit,and the upstream and downstream surplus.Therefore,we recommend improving energy structures in high-demand urban agglomerations by adopting clean energy,focusing on decarbonization and energy efficiency in resource-rich regions.Additionally,promoting low-carbon economies,especially in the service and heavy manufacturing industries,implementing differentiated emission reduction strategies,and optimizing carbon compensation mechanisms considering regional disparities and resource endowments are crucial.It is expected that the study can enrich the scientific basis of horizontal ecological compensation and increase the fairness of regional carbon emission rights allocation.
文摘The Swiss textile machinery industry has staged a strong recovery in the first half of 2025,with export volumes rising by 12.2%compared to the same period last year.This positive rebound marks a significant turnaround from a challenging 2024,which saw exports decline by 17.7%.The upturn is fueled by renewed demand from key Asian markets,including China,India,and Bangladesh,alongside growing interest from Southeast Asia and North Africa.This resurgence highlights the resilience of Swiss manufacturers and the global industry's ongoing drive toward advanced and sustainable technologies,even amidst complex global economic conditions.
基金supported by the Government of Catalonia,and the ETOS project(TED2021-132032A-I00)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
文摘This article aims to analyze the repercussions of food trade between China and various regions of the world to understand the dynamics of food flows and offer a novel perspective on the contemporary globalization process.Understanding these flows involves analyzing the global production and commercialization of food and the effects of these movements on exporting and importing countries in economic terms and food security.The concept of unequal caloric exchange is applied to the case of China,which allows for an understanding of how its economic growth and participation in international trade have transformed its global and internal commercial dynamics by establishing links with self-sufficiency and the composition of its population’s diet.The results show that China is increasingly dependent on international markets for its food supply.From 1961 to 2021,food consumption in China has tripled in calories and experienced qualitative changes,with a reduction in high-quality carbohydrates and vegetable proteins and an increase in cereals,vegetable oils,alcohol,and vegetables.This dietary transformation is related to economic growth and greater dependence on international trade.From 1987 to 2022,China has shown a growing deficit in the food trade balance,with imports exceeding exports in volume,value,and calories,although it maintains favorable terms of trade.Food self-sufficiency has decreased from 95%in 1961 to 76%in 2022,and the diet has diversified,replacing traditional foods with products demanded in international trade.
文摘Forests are essential for both ecological and economic aspects.Most rural people in developing countries rely on forest resources for their livelihood.Since 1980,trade has substantially affected forest cover,density,and management in developing countries.Few studies have examined how changes in trade structure and international trade in primary commodities affect forest density.To better understand the relationship between trade,trade structure adjustment,and forest density,this study examined 52 developing countries across four income levels:high income(HI),low income(LI),upper-middle income(UMI),and lower-middle income(LMI).We compared studies on historical changes in forest cover with those on forest density.For alternative outcomes,we used a generalized method of moments(GMM)model for the entire panel and a random-effects model for various income categories.The results show that the percentage of non-primary goods exported(PNPEXP)and total manufacturing and services exported(TEXP)significantly impact forest density.This suggests that trade and trade structure can improve a country’s forest density conditions.
文摘In the current global trade landscape,which is becoming increasingly complex and dynamic,trade risk prevention and control has become a focal point for businesses and relevant institutions.The rapid development of artificial intelligenc e(AI)technology has brought about new ideas and means to the prevention and control of trade risks.
