TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED(TPL/TPR)proteins are transcriptional corepressors that play pivotal roles in plant development,hormone signaling,and stress responses.Although TPL/TPR proteins have been identified in various o...TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED(TPL/TPR)proteins are transcriptional corepressors that play pivotal roles in plant development,hormone signaling,and stress responses.Although TPL/TPR proteins have been identified in various organisms,their functions in rice disease resistance remain largely unexplored.Here,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the three rice TPL/TPR proteins,designated OsTPR1,OsTPR2,and OsTPR3,examining their evolutionary relationships,expression patterns,and subcellular localization,and assessing their roles in disease resistance.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three OsTPRs belonged to distinct evolutionary clades.Expression analysis demonstrated tissue-specific patterns and responsiveness to jasmonate(JA),with all three genes being induced upon infection with Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).Consistent with their roles as transcriptional corepressors,all three OsTPRs localized to the nucleus.Disease resistance assays showed that,after inoculation with Xoo,lesion lengths on ostpr2 and ostpr3 mutants were significantly shorter than those on wild-type plants.Protein interaction assays demonstrated that OsTPR2 interacted with JA ZIM-domain protein(OsJAZ12),whose expression is also induced by Xoo.Furthermore,haplotype analysis of OsTPRs revealed natural variation,leading to the identification of superior allelic variants that confer improved resistance to bacterial blight without a yield penalty.Collectively,our findings provide a systematic characterization of TPL/TPR proteins in rice,highlight their potential roles in resistance to bacterial leaf blight,and identify valuable allelic resources for molecular breeding aimed at improving both disease resistance and yield.展开更多
The awn can contribute to photosynthesis and carbohydrates,enhancing grain yield in wheat.We mapped QAwn.sxau-5A,a major QTL for awn development in wheat(Triticum aestivum).This QTL was delimited to a 994-kb interval ...The awn can contribute to photosynthesis and carbohydrates,enhancing grain yield in wheat.We mapped QAwn.sxau-5A,a major QTL for awn development in wheat(Triticum aestivum).This QTL was delimited to a 994-kb interval at the B1 locus on chromosome 5A,which included the candidate gene encoding a zinc finger protein(TraesCS5A01G542800)as an awn length inhibitor(ALI).The Ali-A1 allele for the awnless trait showed abundant sequence differences in the promoter regions compared to the ali-A1 allele for the long-awn trait.The results of the swap experiment on the promoters from the two ALI-A1 alleles showed that the two promoters caused a difference in the protein level,indicating the gene was regulated at the transcript level.However,the ali-A1 allele contained an SNP that caused a premature stop codon in its coding region,resulting in a truncated protein compared to the functional Ali-A1 protein.The Ali-A1 protein contained two ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motifs,one at the N terminus(EAR-N)and the other at the C terminus(EAR-C),and they were involved in interactions with the wheat co-repressor protein TOPLESS(TPL1).The ali-A1 protein retained the EAR-N motif but lost the EAR-C motif,resulting in the attenuated ability to interact with TPL1.The tpl1 mutant produced a longer awn compared to the wild type.Ali-A1 repressed the transcription of two downstream genes,TaLRP-A1 and TaARF-B1,involved in endogenous auxin concentrations and auxin responses in wheat.We concluded that the awn length is regulated not only by the ALI-A1 gene at transcript levels but also by Ali-A1 and TPL1 at the protein level in wheat.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 32302291 and 32400207)the Zhejiang A&F University Research and Development Fund Project, China (Grant Nos. 2025LFR012 and 2022LFR127)
文摘TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED(TPL/TPR)proteins are transcriptional corepressors that play pivotal roles in plant development,hormone signaling,and stress responses.Although TPL/TPR proteins have been identified in various organisms,their functions in rice disease resistance remain largely unexplored.Here,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the three rice TPL/TPR proteins,designated OsTPR1,OsTPR2,and OsTPR3,examining their evolutionary relationships,expression patterns,and subcellular localization,and assessing their roles in disease resistance.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three OsTPRs belonged to distinct evolutionary clades.Expression analysis demonstrated tissue-specific patterns and responsiveness to jasmonate(JA),with all three genes being induced upon infection with Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).Consistent with their roles as transcriptional corepressors,all three OsTPRs localized to the nucleus.Disease resistance assays showed that,after inoculation with Xoo,lesion lengths on ostpr2 and ostpr3 mutants were significantly shorter than those on wild-type plants.Protein interaction assays demonstrated that OsTPR2 interacted with JA ZIM-domain protein(OsJAZ12),whose expression is also induced by Xoo.Furthermore,haplotype analysis of OsTPRs revealed natural variation,leading to the identification of superior allelic variants that confer improved resistance to bacterial blight without a yield penalty.Collectively,our findings provide a systematic characterization of TPL/TPR proteins in rice,highlight their potential roles in resistance to bacterial leaf blight,and identify valuable allelic resources for molecular breeding aimed at improving both disease resistance and yield.
基金supported by the Grand Science and Technology Special Project in Shanxi Province(202201140601025-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201749)supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2022-68013-36439(WheatCAP)from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
文摘The awn can contribute to photosynthesis and carbohydrates,enhancing grain yield in wheat.We mapped QAwn.sxau-5A,a major QTL for awn development in wheat(Triticum aestivum).This QTL was delimited to a 994-kb interval at the B1 locus on chromosome 5A,which included the candidate gene encoding a zinc finger protein(TraesCS5A01G542800)as an awn length inhibitor(ALI).The Ali-A1 allele for the awnless trait showed abundant sequence differences in the promoter regions compared to the ali-A1 allele for the long-awn trait.The results of the swap experiment on the promoters from the two ALI-A1 alleles showed that the two promoters caused a difference in the protein level,indicating the gene was regulated at the transcript level.However,the ali-A1 allele contained an SNP that caused a premature stop codon in its coding region,resulting in a truncated protein compared to the functional Ali-A1 protein.The Ali-A1 protein contained two ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motifs,one at the N terminus(EAR-N)and the other at the C terminus(EAR-C),and they were involved in interactions with the wheat co-repressor protein TOPLESS(TPL1).The ali-A1 protein retained the EAR-N motif but lost the EAR-C motif,resulting in the attenuated ability to interact with TPL1.The tpl1 mutant produced a longer awn compared to the wild type.Ali-A1 repressed the transcription of two downstream genes,TaLRP-A1 and TaARF-B1,involved in endogenous auxin concentrations and auxin responses in wheat.We concluded that the awn length is regulated not only by the ALI-A1 gene at transcript levels but also by Ali-A1 and TPL1 at the protein level in wheat.
