To evaluate the subchronic and chronic toxicity of Fuyanxiao capsules,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used in toxicity studies.In the subchronic toxicity study,50 female rats were randomly divided into a high-dose group(5...To evaluate the subchronic and chronic toxicity of Fuyanxiao capsules,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used in toxicity studies.In the subchronic toxicity study,50 female rats were randomly divided into a high-dose group(5.4g/kg/day)and a control group,with 15 rats in each,and medium(2.7g/kg/day)and low(1.35g/kg/day)dose groups,with 10 rats in each.The test substance was administered orally(mixed with feed,twice daily)for 90 consecutive days.In the chronic toxicity study,40 female rats were randomly divided into high,medium,and low dose groups and a control group,with 10 rats in each.The test substance was administered orally in the same manner for 180 consecutive days.Clinical signs,body weight,and food consumption were observed and recorded daily.At the end of the terminal phase(the first 10 rats from each group,1 day after the last dose)and the recovery phase(the last 5 rats from the control group and the high-dose group,observed for an additional 28 days after the last dose),blood and urine samples,as well as organs,were collected.Organ coefficients were calculated,and various hematological and urinary indicators were detected,followed by pathological analysis.The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight,food consumption,or organ coefficients between any of the dose groups and the control group in both subchronic and chronic toxicity studies(P>0.05).Histopathological examination revealed no lesions,suggesting no tissue or organ damage in any of the dose groups.The rats exhibited good mental status,and hematological and urinary physiological indicators were within normal ranges,indicating stable liver and kidney function,hematopoietic system of the bone marrow,and internal environment in all dose groups.Therefore,Fuyanxiao capsule has no obvious subchronic or chronic toxicity in SD rats,and it is safe and reliable to use at reasonable dosage in clinical practice.展开更多
This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each...This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each set of trials contained a control(de-chlorinated tap water),and the experiments were repeated three times.The fish(n=10)were randomly measured with an average length of(3.4±0.34)cm and weight of(1±0.1)g.The temperature was kept at 24℃.Experiments 1 and 2 were designed to investigate at the acute toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on juvenile zebrafish(Danio rerio)respectively,whereas experiment 3 was aimed at the combined toxicity of IMI and THM on zebrafish.The tests followed the same study design,and each experiment used seven different logarithmic concentrations of imidacloprid insecticides(310.00,317.08,324.33,331.74,339.32,347.07,355.00 mg/L)and thiamethoxam(175.00,185.52,200.93,215.30,230.70,247.20,264.88 mg/L).The results show that THM is more toxic than IMI,with LC_(50)values of 190.34 mg/L for THM and 310.92 mg/L for IMI.Both individual toxicities showed a substantial positive connection(P<0.05)with confidence limits of 321.50-300.68 mg/L for IMI and 199.91-181.21 mg/L for THM.The joint toxicity test was carried out using the 96-h LC_(50)values of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam obtained in the individual acute toxicity trials at a 1:1 ratio.The Additive Index(AI)demonstrated that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam acted synergistically on D.rerio.As a matter of fact,more research is needed to better understand the impact of IMI and THM on other aquatic organisms and also create strategies to mitigate its harmful effects on aquatic life.展开更多
This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation...This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,ferroptosis,and apoptosis.Hepatotoxicity can be mitigated by controlling dosage,using processed forms of the herbs,and through rational herbal compatibility.The review provides insights for enhancing the safety and clinical application of TF.展开更多
Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.Howeve...Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.However,a systematic characterization of its reproductive toxicity is still missing.This study aims to explore the male reproductive toxicity caused by GenX exposure and the potential cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms behind it.Results Normally developing mice were exposed to GenX,and testicular tissue was subsequently analyzed and validated using single-cell RNA sequencing.Our results revealed that GenX induced severe testicular damage,disrupted the balance between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonial stem cells,and led to strong variation in the cellular dynamics of spermatogenesis.Furthermore,GenX exposure caused global upregulation of testicular somatic cellular inflammatory responses,increased abnormal macrophage differentiation,and attenuated fibroblast adhesion,disorganizing the somatic-germline interactions.Conclusions In conclusion,this study revealed complex cellular dynamics and transcriptome changes in mouse testis after GenX exposure,providing a valuable resource for understanding its reproductive toxicity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their...BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their RTW process.Hence,scientific research is necessary to explore the barriers and facilitating factors of returning to work for young and middle-aged CRC survivors.AIM To examine the current RTW status among young and middle-aged CRC survivors and to analyze the impact of RTW self-efficacy(RTW-SE),fear of progression(FoP),eHealth literacy(eHL),family resilience(FR),and financial toxicity(FT)on their RTW outcomes.METHODS A cross-sectional investigation was adopted in this study.From September 2022 to February 2023,a total of 209 participants were recruited through a convenience sampling method from the gastrointestinal surgery department of a class A tertiary hospital in Chongqing.The investigation utilized a general information questionnaire alongside scales assessing RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT.To analyze the factors that influence RTW outcomes among young and middle-aged CRC survivors,Cox regression modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used.RESULTS A total of 43.54%of the participants successfully returned to work,with an average RTW time of 100 days.Cox regression univariate analysis revealed that RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT were significantly different between the non-RTW and RTW groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,Cox regression multivariate analysis identified per capita family monthly income,job type,RTW-SE,and FR as independent influencing factors for RTW(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The RTW rate requires further improvement.Elevated levels of RTW-SE and FR were found to significantly increase RTW among young and middle-aged CRC survivors.Health professionals should focus on modifiable factors,such as RTW-SE and FR,to design targeted RTW support programs,thereby facilitating their timely reintegration into mainstream society.展开更多
Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to asse...Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.展开更多
The potential toxicity of ionic liquids(ILs)affects their applications;how to control the toxicity is one of the key issues in their applications.To understand its toxicity structure relationship and promote its green...The potential toxicity of ionic liquids(ILs)affects their applications;how to control the toxicity is one of the key issues in their applications.To understand its toxicity structure relationship and promote its greener application,six different machine learning algorithms,including Bagging,Adaptive Boosting(AdaBoost),Gradient Boosting(GBoost),Stacking,Voting and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost),are established to model the toxicity of ILs on four distinct datasets including Leukemia rat cell line IPC-81(IPC-81),Acetylcholinesterase(AChE),Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Vibrio fischeri.Molecular descriptors obtained from the simplified molecular input line entry system(SMILES)are used to characterize ILs.All models are assessed by the mean square error(MSE),root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE)and correlation coefficient(R^(2)).Additionally,an interpretation model based on SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)is built to determine the positive and negative effects of each molecular feature on toxicity.With additional parameters and complexity,the Catboost model outperforms the other models,making it a more reliable model for ILs'toxicity prediction.The results of the model's interpretation indicate that the most significant positive features,SMR_VSA5,PEOE_VSA8,Kappa2,PEOE_VSA6,SMR_VSA5,PEOE_VSA6 and EState_VSA1,can increase the toxicity of ILs as their levels rise,while the most significant negative features,VSA_EState7,EState_VSA8,PEOE_VSA9 and FpDensityMorgan1,can decrease the toxicity as their levels rise.Also,an IL's toxicity will grow as its average molecular weight and number of pyridine rings increase,whereas its toxicity will decrease as its hydrogen bond acceptors increase.This finding offers a theoretical foundation for rapid screening and synthesis of environmentally-benign ILs.展开更多
Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Severa...Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Several studies envisaged that Annona squamosa possesses cytotoxic,diuretic,antiurolithiatic,antitumor,anti-psoriatic,antioxidant,and hepatoprotective properties.This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of wound infection,dysentery,seizure,tumors,fever,vomiting,parasitic infections,hypertension,thyroid,toothache,acne,heart disease,inflammation,diabetes,hair loss,dandruff,hemorrhage,maggot-infected sores,abortifacient,and cough.However,some chemical constituents isolated from the plant have shown specific toxic effects in human and animal models,such as acute oral toxic effects,genotoxic,neurotoxic,and ocular toxic.The plant has diverse pharmacological actions,the seeds of this plant possess a genotoxic effect but on the contrary,the bark of the plant shows genoprotective activity.A large number of ethnobotanical studies reported the seed of this plant is used to induce abortion in humans,but a scientific study carried out in pregnant rats reported aqueous seed extract of the plant did not interfere with reproductive performance.The presented review summarized the traditional uses,pharmacological,and toxicological activities of the isolated compounds from this plant.Additionally,some patents and commercial products related to Annona squamosa are also brought up in this article to explore its application which would attract the scientific community to search out its hidden side.展开更多
Phytophthora infestans control is a long-standing problem that has caused ongoing difficulties and brought limited success for over a century.Traditional methods,such as fungicides,have drawbacks including high cost,r...Phytophthora infestans control is a long-standing problem that has caused ongoing difficulties and brought limited success for over a century.Traditional methods,such as fungicides,have drawbacks including high cost,restrictions on organic farming,potential risks to the environment and human health,and the development of resistant strains.In this study,we employed cutting-edge computer-based techniques,including Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship(QSAR)modeling and molecular docking simulations,to uncover new fungicidal compounds and gain insights into their specific mechanisms of action against P.infestans.QSAR modeling on the number of compounds tested as P.infestans inhibitors was performed using an interactive OCHEM web platform.The predictive ability of the developed classification models had a balanced accuracy(BA)of 77–85%for the training set and BA?89–93%for the validation external test set.During the in vitro testing against P.infestans,thirteen synthesized 2-oxoimidazolidine-4-sulfonamides demonstrated inhibition rates,ranging from 23.6%to 87.4%.The fungicidal potential of six of these fungicides ranged from 79.3%to 87.4%,which is comparable to the activity of known fungicides.Acute toxicity results using the well-known aquatic marker Daphnia magna showed that the most active sulfonamides 3d,3f,3h,3j,3k,and 3l,with LC_(50) values ranging from 13.7 to 52.9 mg/L,are low-toxicity compounds.The molecular docking results demonstrated a potential mechanism of the antifungal action of the studied 2-oxoimidazolidin-4-sulfonamide derivatives via the inhibition of fungal CYP51,a sterol biosynthesis enzyme.展开更多
Background:The root of Desmodium gangeticum,a key component of“Dashamoola,”is a significant Ayurveda remedy for inflammatory conditions.Due to the less availability of D.gangeticum in Sri Lanka,indigenous physicians...Background:The root of Desmodium gangeticum,a key component of“Dashamoola,”is a significant Ayurveda remedy for inflammatory conditions.Due to the less availability of D.gangeticum in Sri Lanka,indigenous physicians often substitute Alysicarpus vaginalis root without scientific validation.Further,no comparative study has been conducted on the whole plants of these species.This research is focused on comparing the aqueous extracts of roots and whole plants of A.vaginalis and D.gangeticum for anti-inflammatory activity,acute toxicity,and to quantify major phytochemicals.Methods:Freeze-dried aqueous extracts were prepared and assessed for anti-inflammatory potency using the egg albumin denaturation assay,heat-induced red blood cell membrane stabilization assay,and nitric oxide assay.Acute toxicity was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo assay,and major phytochemicals,were quantitatively screened.Results:In egg albumin denaturation assay,D.gangeticum whole plant(IC_(50)107.89±0.71μg/mL)and root(IC_(50)210.37±0.39μg/mL)exhibited superior anti-inflammatory potency compared to diclofenac sodium(IC_(50)826.04±0.27μg/mL)and A.vaginalis(whole plant IC_(50)1,336μg/mL,root IC_(50)3,162.28μg/mL).In red blood cell membrane stabilization assay,D.gangeticum(whole plant IC_(50)47.86±0.52μg/mL,root IC_(50)331.13±0.83μg/mL)showed the highest activity.Quercetin(IC_(50)285.01μg/mL)was the most potent,with D.gangeticum(IC_(50)2,080.03μg/mL)and A.vaginalis(IC_(50)7,183.87μg/mL)showing weaker inhibition in the nitric oxide assay.Regarding toxicity,lower toxicity showed for D.gangeticum(LC502,570.39μg/mL)compared to A.vaginalis(LC501,348.96μg/mL).In phytochemical analysis,phenols,flavonoids,tannins,alkaloids and saponins were quantified.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between effects of all extracts and reference drugs(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comparative analysis revealed,D.gangeticum has higher anti-inflammatory activity and lower toxicity than A.vaginalis,suggesting its suitability over A.vaginalis in Sri Lankan practices.展开更多
Acid-base dissociable antibiotic-metal complexes are known to be emerging contaminants in the aquatic environments.However,little information is available on the photochemical properties and toxicity of these complex ...Acid-base dissociable antibiotic-metal complexes are known to be emerging contaminants in the aquatic environments.However,little information is available on the photochemical properties and toxicity of these complex forms.This study investigated the spectral properties of three fluoroquinolones(FQs)with and without metal ions Fe(III),Cu(II),and Al(III)in solutions under different pH conditions,as well as evaluated the changes in toxicity due to the complex with thesemetal ions using luminescent bacteria(vibrio fischeri).FQs showed a higher tendency to coordinate metal ions under alkaline conditions compared to neutral and acidic conditions,and the formation of complexes weakened the ultravioletabsorbing ability of FQs.At pH=7.0,Cu(II)quenched the fluorescence intensity of FQs.Moreover,their Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were explored,revealing that the coordination sites of Cu(II)in three FQs were situated in a bidentate manner through the oxygen atom of the deprotonated carboxyl group and cyclic carbonyl oxygen atom.This conclusion was further verified by the theory of molecular surface electrostatic potential.In addition,except for complexes of ciprofloxacin-metals,enhanced toxicity of FQs upon coordination with Fe(III)was observed,while reduced toxicity was found for coordination with Cu(II)and Al(III).These results are important for accurately evaluating the photochemical behavior and risk of these antibiotics in aquatic environments contaminated with metal ions.展开更多
Nanoplastics are emerging contaminants that may co-exist with organochlorine pesticides and adversely affect invertebrates in the environment.However,the impact of environmental aging on the combined toxicity of nanop...Nanoplastics are emerging contaminants that may co-exist with organochlorine pesticides and adversely affect invertebrates in the environment.However,the impact of environmental aging on the combined toxicity of nanoplastics and organochlorine pesticides remains unclear.This study investigated the effects of aging on the combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS NPs)and chlordane against Caenorhabditis elegans.The results showed that photo-aging altered the physicochemical properties of PS NPs and promoted the combined toxicity of PS NPs and chlordane to nematodes by reducing survival rate,body length and enhancing germline apoptosis.Additionally,combined exposure of nematodes to aged PS NPs and chlordane significantly increased reactive oxygen species production and intestinal permeability,suggesting that aging enhances combined toxicity through oxidative stress and intestinal damage.Moreover,aging increased chlordane contents in nematodes without promoting PS NPs accumulation,potentially leading to increased combined toxicity of PS NPs and chlordane.Notably,aging significantly increased the accumulation of PS NPs in the posterior intestine of the nematode during co-exposure,which may be responsible for the most sensitive and highest degree of change in germline apoptosis.These observations emphasize the significance of accounting for environmental aging as well as the accumulation and distribution of nanoplastics in organisms when assessing the combined effects of nanoplastics and coexisting pollutants.展开更多
Dissolved black carbon(DBC)plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water.However,the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been s...Dissolved black carbon(DBC)plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water.However,the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been systematically studied.Here,the compositions of DBC released from biochar through redox processes dominated by bacteria and light were thoroughly studied.It was found that the DBC released from straw biochar possess more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic substances.The content of phenolic and carboxylic groups in DBC was increased under influence of microorganisms and light,respectively.The concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased from 10.0~57.5 mmol/gC to 6.6~65.2 mmol/gC,and the concentration of carboxyl groups increased from49.7~97.5 mmol/gC to 62.1~113.3 mmol/gC.Then the impacts of DBC on pyrite dissolution andmicroalgae growth were also investigated.The complexing Fe^(3+)was proved to play a predominant role in the dissolution of ferrous mineral in DBC solution.Due to complexing between iron ion and DBC,the amount of dissolved Fe in aquatic water may rise as a result of elevated number of aromatic components with oxygen containing groups and low molecular weight generated under light conditions.Fe-DBC complexations in solution significantly promoted microalga growth,which might be attributed to the stimulating effect of dissolved Fe on the chlorophyll synthesis.The results of study will deepen our understanding of the behavior and ultimate destiny of DBC released into an iron-rich environment under redox conditions.展开更多
Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration tec...Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration technique,where the test substance is suspended in a liquid vehicle and deposited into the lung via the trachea.Instillation requires minimal test material,delivers an exact dose deep into the lung,and is less labor-intensive than inhalation exposures.However,one shortcoming is that the pro-cedure may induce short-term inflammation.To minimize this,we tested different modifications of the technique to identify the potential for refinement.Methods:First,we tested whether previous findings of increased inflammation could be confirmed.Next,we tested whether instillation with a disposable 1 mL syringe with ball-tipped steel-needle(Disposable-syringe/steel-needle)induced less inflammation than the use of our standard set-up,a 250μL reusable glass syringe with a disposable plastic catheter(Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter).Finally,we tested if access to pelleted and liquid feed prior to instillation affected inflammation.We evaluated inflammation by neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar fluid 24 h post-exposure.Results:Vehicle-instilled mice showed a small increase in neutrophil numbers com-pared to untreated mice.Neutrophil numbers were slightly elevated in the groups in-stilled with Disposable-syringe/steel-needle;an interaction with feed type indicated that the increase in neutrophils was more pronounced in combination with feed pel-lets compared to liquid feed.We found no difference between the feed types when using the Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination.Conclusion:The Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination induced the least exposure-related inflammation,confirming this as a preferred instillation procedure.展开更多
Perfluoroalkyl acid analogs(PFAAs)are a class of chemically stable environmentally persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are difficult to degrade and have a strong capacity to accumulate in the human body.PFAAs have...Perfluoroalkyl acid analogs(PFAAs)are a class of chemically stable environmentally persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are difficult to degrade and have a strong capacity to accumulate in the human body.PFAAs have been found to be biotoxic to humans and have been detected in various environmental media,especially in the cryosphere at trace concentrations.The cryosphere,sensitively responds to climate change,plays a crucial role in the global water,carbon and energy cycles.However,researches on cryosphere PFAAs especially in Tibetan Plateau(TP)is limited.Therefore,we summarize the physicochemical properties,physiological toxicity,spatiotemporal distribution,sources,diffusion and migration pathways,as well as analysis and removal methods of PFAAs in the cryosphere regions.The results show that PFAAs pollutants are mainly produced and distributed in the more economically developed countries in Europe and the United States,as well as in East Asia,and PFAAs can be transported by atmospheric circulation and water cycle to remote regions including cryosphere regions.The current detection methods for PFAAs in cryosphere need to be further refined for increased accuracy and convenience.There is also a need to develop more effective removal methods that will reduce the environmental and human threats posed by these PFAAs.Finally,we propose key scientific questions for future research in cryosphere including PFAAs redistribution influenced by cryosphere changes,human activities,and the interaction of other spheres.展开更多
Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed dur...Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.展开更多
The herbal drink “Attoté” has been widely used in the Abidjan district to treat a number of illnesses, notably erectile dysfunction. Despite the popularity of its therapeutic effects, very few studies have been...The herbal drink “Attoté” has been widely used in the Abidjan district to treat a number of illnesses, notably erectile dysfunction. Despite the popularity of its therapeutic effects, very few studies have been carried out on its effects on the health of users. The aim of this study was to identify the constituents contained in the phytomedicinal product and to assess their potential adverse effects in vivo. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the bioactive molecules in “Attoté” and to evaluate its hepatic effects in vivo. Forty (40) Wistar rats, randomly divided into 4 groups, with 10 animals per group (5 males and 5 females) were used to study potential hepatotoxic effects. Group 1 animals (control group) received distilled water. Batches I, II and III received by gavage a volume of Attoté extract corresponding to 1 ml/100 g body weight at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. Attoté extract was administered daily at the same time for 28 days, and serum was collected every two weeks to assess hepatic biochemical markers by spectrophotometry using a Cobas C311® HITACHI biochemistry system. After one month of study, the rats were euthanized by ether overdose and the livers were harvested for morphological and histopathological analysis. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, leucoanthocyanes, anthraquinones and quinones. Hepatic biochemical and hematological parameters such as red globular, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALPs) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) showed no significant change (p > 0.05) in the treated rat group compared with controls. However, these variations were moderate and transient, with values remaining almost within their standard limits. Microscopic observations of liver tissue sections from treated rats showed no liver damage or dysfunction. This study merits further investigation, with a view to gaining a better understanding of the cytotoxic mechanisms of herbal medicinal beverages, with a view to their reformulation as improved traditional medicines (ITMs).展开更多
Cresyl diphenyl phosphate(CDP),an emerging aryl organophosphate ester(OPE),exhibits potential toxic effects and is frequently found in diverse environmental media,thereby raising concerns about environmental pollution...Cresyl diphenyl phosphate(CDP),an emerging aryl organophosphate ester(OPE),exhibits potential toxic effects and is frequently found in diverse environmental media,thereby raising concerns about environmental pollution.Biodegradation demonstrates substantial potential for CDP removal from the environment.This study investigated the biodegradation mechanisms of CDP using anaerobic activated sludge(AnAS).The biodegradation of 1-mg/L CDP followed a first-order kinetic model with a degradation kinetic constant of 0.943 d^(-1),and the addition of different electron acceptors affected the degradation rate.High-resolution mass spectrometry identified seven transformation products(TPs)of CDP.The pathways of CDP degradation in anaerobic conditions were proposed,with carboxylation products being the most dominant intermediate products.The structure of the anaerobic microbial community at different degradation time points in CDP-amended microcosms was examined.The linear discriminant analysis(LDA)of effect size(LEfSe)potentially underscored the pivotal role of Methyloversatilis in CDP biodegradation.Zebrafish embryotoxicity experiments revealed both lethal and morphogenetic impacts of CDP on zebrafish embryos.The survival rate,hatching rate,and body length indicators of zebrafish embryos underscored the detoxification of CDP and its resultant intermediates by AnAS.This study offers new insights into the fate and biodegradation mechanisms of CDP in wastewater treatment plants.展开更多
Microplastics and nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),raising significant concerns about their impact on human health.Research highlights the h...Microplastics and nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),raising significant concerns about their impact on human health.Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems,influencing germ cells,embryo development,and progeny.Additionally,studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo,inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation.Considering these adverse effects,identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important.Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects.Among these,anthocyanins,natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers,exhibit a wide range of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-neoplastic properties.Moreover,anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity.Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G),one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins,shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity,particularly in females,and in protecting male reproductive organs,including the testis and epididymis.This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors,specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors(ERs).These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs.This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health,especially concerning reproductive health.展开更多
Background:A germicide like Izal is chemical agent used for reducing and preventing microbial loads in systems for treating water as well as other industries like agriculture and aquaculture.The environmental impact o...Background:A germicide like Izal is chemical agent used for reducing and preventing microbial loads in systems for treating water as well as other industries like agriculture and aquaculture.The environmental impact of germicide is often more than the target intended by those who use them.The purpose of the current study was to ascertain the toxicity levels and behavioral alterations of Juvenile African catfish,Clarias gariepinus,subjected to Izal exposure.Methods:The stock solution was created from the 100 mL by mixing 1 mL of the Izal with 99 mL of water.After that,different nominal concentrations of Izal were prepared using the stock solution by diluting the toxin with tap water in determined amounts(10 L).The fish were exposed to acute concentrations of 1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 and 3.0 mg/L of Izal had a control that served as a reference point.Results:The lethal concentration of Izal(24 h LC50)was found to be 2.4136 mg/L(95%confidence interval=2.1707–2.6838)for test fish under a semi-static system showing that Izal is moderately poisonous to the species in a dose-dependent manner and time(duration).The highest mortality was recorded in the highest concentration(3.0 mg/L)of Izal while the least mortality was observed in the 1.5 mg/L group.Izal-exposed fish had aberrant behavior,including hyperactivity,gasping of air,respiratory distress,attempts to jump out of the water,erratic swimming,refusal to feed,lethargic movement,and slow response to feed,loss of balance and depigmentation.The severity of the abnormal behavior decreased after 24 h,but remained mildly to moderately high at 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L of Izal.It was found that the death rate increased with Izal concentration and duration.Conclusion:The present study revealed that Izal was moderately toxic to Claris gariepinus juveniles and should be used prudently in the environment to guard against toxicological effect on non-target organisms such as fish.For this reason,the use of the germicides should be with caution especially near water bodies.展开更多
文摘To evaluate the subchronic and chronic toxicity of Fuyanxiao capsules,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used in toxicity studies.In the subchronic toxicity study,50 female rats were randomly divided into a high-dose group(5.4g/kg/day)and a control group,with 15 rats in each,and medium(2.7g/kg/day)and low(1.35g/kg/day)dose groups,with 10 rats in each.The test substance was administered orally(mixed with feed,twice daily)for 90 consecutive days.In the chronic toxicity study,40 female rats were randomly divided into high,medium,and low dose groups and a control group,with 10 rats in each.The test substance was administered orally in the same manner for 180 consecutive days.Clinical signs,body weight,and food consumption were observed and recorded daily.At the end of the terminal phase(the first 10 rats from each group,1 day after the last dose)and the recovery phase(the last 5 rats from the control group and the high-dose group,observed for an additional 28 days after the last dose),blood and urine samples,as well as organs,were collected.Organ coefficients were calculated,and various hematological and urinary indicators were detected,followed by pathological analysis.The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight,food consumption,or organ coefficients between any of the dose groups and the control group in both subchronic and chronic toxicity studies(P>0.05).Histopathological examination revealed no lesions,suggesting no tissue or organ damage in any of the dose groups.The rats exhibited good mental status,and hematological and urinary physiological indicators were within normal ranges,indicating stable liver and kidney function,hematopoietic system of the bone marrow,and internal environment in all dose groups.Therefore,Fuyanxiao capsule has no obvious subchronic or chronic toxicity in SD rats,and it is safe and reliable to use at reasonable dosage in clinical practice.
基金Supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2025XT0902)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46).
文摘This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each set of trials contained a control(de-chlorinated tap water),and the experiments were repeated three times.The fish(n=10)were randomly measured with an average length of(3.4±0.34)cm and weight of(1±0.1)g.The temperature was kept at 24℃.Experiments 1 and 2 were designed to investigate at the acute toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on juvenile zebrafish(Danio rerio)respectively,whereas experiment 3 was aimed at the combined toxicity of IMI and THM on zebrafish.The tests followed the same study design,and each experiment used seven different logarithmic concentrations of imidacloprid insecticides(310.00,317.08,324.33,331.74,339.32,347.07,355.00 mg/L)and thiamethoxam(175.00,185.52,200.93,215.30,230.70,247.20,264.88 mg/L).The results show that THM is more toxic than IMI,with LC_(50)values of 190.34 mg/L for THM and 310.92 mg/L for IMI.Both individual toxicities showed a substantial positive connection(P<0.05)with confidence limits of 321.50-300.68 mg/L for IMI and 199.91-181.21 mg/L for THM.The joint toxicity test was carried out using the 96-h LC_(50)values of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam obtained in the individual acute toxicity trials at a 1:1 ratio.The Additive Index(AI)demonstrated that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam acted synergistically on D.rerio.As a matter of fact,more research is needed to better understand the impact of IMI and THM on other aquatic organisms and also create strategies to mitigate its harmful effects on aquatic life.
文摘This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,ferroptosis,and apoptosis.Hepatotoxicity can be mitigated by controlling dosage,using processed forms of the herbs,and through rational herbal compatibility.The review provides insights for enhancing the safety and clinical application of TF.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Area Research and Development Program[grant number 2022B0202090002]China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[grant number 2024M760977].
文摘Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.However,a systematic characterization of its reproductive toxicity is still missing.This study aims to explore the male reproductive toxicity caused by GenX exposure and the potential cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms behind it.Results Normally developing mice were exposed to GenX,and testicular tissue was subsequently analyzed and validated using single-cell RNA sequencing.Our results revealed that GenX induced severe testicular damage,disrupted the balance between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonial stem cells,and led to strong variation in the cellular dynamics of spermatogenesis.Furthermore,GenX exposure caused global upregulation of testicular somatic cellular inflammatory responses,increased abnormal macrophage differentiation,and attenuated fibroblast adhesion,disorganizing the somatic-germline interactions.Conclusions In conclusion,this study revealed complex cellular dynamics and transcriptome changes in mouse testis after GenX exposure,providing a valuable resource for understanding its reproductive toxicity.
基金Supported by the Chongqing Medical University Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,No.W0019Chongqing Municipal Education Commission’s 14th Five-Year Key Discipline Support Project,No.20240101 and No.20240102。
文摘BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their RTW process.Hence,scientific research is necessary to explore the barriers and facilitating factors of returning to work for young and middle-aged CRC survivors.AIM To examine the current RTW status among young and middle-aged CRC survivors and to analyze the impact of RTW self-efficacy(RTW-SE),fear of progression(FoP),eHealth literacy(eHL),family resilience(FR),and financial toxicity(FT)on their RTW outcomes.METHODS A cross-sectional investigation was adopted in this study.From September 2022 to February 2023,a total of 209 participants were recruited through a convenience sampling method from the gastrointestinal surgery department of a class A tertiary hospital in Chongqing.The investigation utilized a general information questionnaire alongside scales assessing RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT.To analyze the factors that influence RTW outcomes among young and middle-aged CRC survivors,Cox regression modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used.RESULTS A total of 43.54%of the participants successfully returned to work,with an average RTW time of 100 days.Cox regression univariate analysis revealed that RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT were significantly different between the non-RTW and RTW groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,Cox regression multivariate analysis identified per capita family monthly income,job type,RTW-SE,and FR as independent influencing factors for RTW(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The RTW rate requires further improvement.Elevated levels of RTW-SE and FR were found to significantly increase RTW among young and middle-aged CRC survivors.Health professionals should focus on modifiable factors,such as RTW-SE and FR,to design targeted RTW support programs,thereby facilitating their timely reintegration into mainstream society.
文摘Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.
基金funded by Research Platforms and Projects for Higher Education Institutions of Department of Education of Guangdong Province in 2024(2024KTSCX256)2023 Guangdong Province Higher Vocational Education Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project(2023JG080).
文摘The potential toxicity of ionic liquids(ILs)affects their applications;how to control the toxicity is one of the key issues in their applications.To understand its toxicity structure relationship and promote its greener application,six different machine learning algorithms,including Bagging,Adaptive Boosting(AdaBoost),Gradient Boosting(GBoost),Stacking,Voting and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost),are established to model the toxicity of ILs on four distinct datasets including Leukemia rat cell line IPC-81(IPC-81),Acetylcholinesterase(AChE),Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Vibrio fischeri.Molecular descriptors obtained from the simplified molecular input line entry system(SMILES)are used to characterize ILs.All models are assessed by the mean square error(MSE),root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE)and correlation coefficient(R^(2)).Additionally,an interpretation model based on SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)is built to determine the positive and negative effects of each molecular feature on toxicity.With additional parameters and complexity,the Catboost model outperforms the other models,making it a more reliable model for ILs'toxicity prediction.The results of the model's interpretation indicate that the most significant positive features,SMR_VSA5,PEOE_VSA8,Kappa2,PEOE_VSA6,SMR_VSA5,PEOE_VSA6 and EState_VSA1,can increase the toxicity of ILs as their levels rise,while the most significant negative features,VSA_EState7,EState_VSA8,PEOE_VSA9 and FpDensityMorgan1,can decrease the toxicity as their levels rise.Also,an IL's toxicity will grow as its average molecular weight and number of pyridine rings increase,whereas its toxicity will decrease as its hydrogen bond acceptors increase.This finding offers a theoretical foundation for rapid screening and synthesis of environmentally-benign ILs.
文摘Annona squamosa Linn.fruit is famous for its nutritional value with a long history of medicinal benefits due to the presence of many phytochemicals,including alkaloids,diterpenes,essential oil,phytopeptides,etc.Several studies envisaged that Annona squamosa possesses cytotoxic,diuretic,antiurolithiatic,antitumor,anti-psoriatic,antioxidant,and hepatoprotective properties.This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of wound infection,dysentery,seizure,tumors,fever,vomiting,parasitic infections,hypertension,thyroid,toothache,acne,heart disease,inflammation,diabetes,hair loss,dandruff,hemorrhage,maggot-infected sores,abortifacient,and cough.However,some chemical constituents isolated from the plant have shown specific toxic effects in human and animal models,such as acute oral toxic effects,genotoxic,neurotoxic,and ocular toxic.The plant has diverse pharmacological actions,the seeds of this plant possess a genotoxic effect but on the contrary,the bark of the plant shows genoprotective activity.A large number of ethnobotanical studies reported the seed of this plant is used to induce abortion in humans,but a scientific study carried out in pregnant rats reported aqueous seed extract of the plant did not interfere with reproductive performance.The presented review summarized the traditional uses,pharmacological,and toxicological activities of the isolated compounds from this plant.Additionally,some patents and commercial products related to Annona squamosa are also brought up in this article to explore its application which would attract the scientific community to search out its hidden side.
基金supported by the BASF Open Innovative Platform(Project OI39).
文摘Phytophthora infestans control is a long-standing problem that has caused ongoing difficulties and brought limited success for over a century.Traditional methods,such as fungicides,have drawbacks including high cost,restrictions on organic farming,potential risks to the environment and human health,and the development of resistant strains.In this study,we employed cutting-edge computer-based techniques,including Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship(QSAR)modeling and molecular docking simulations,to uncover new fungicidal compounds and gain insights into their specific mechanisms of action against P.infestans.QSAR modeling on the number of compounds tested as P.infestans inhibitors was performed using an interactive OCHEM web platform.The predictive ability of the developed classification models had a balanced accuracy(BA)of 77–85%for the training set and BA?89–93%for the validation external test set.During the in vitro testing against P.infestans,thirteen synthesized 2-oxoimidazolidine-4-sulfonamides demonstrated inhibition rates,ranging from 23.6%to 87.4%.The fungicidal potential of six of these fungicides ranged from 79.3%to 87.4%,which is comparable to the activity of known fungicides.Acute toxicity results using the well-known aquatic marker Daphnia magna showed that the most active sulfonamides 3d,3f,3h,3j,3k,and 3l,with LC_(50) values ranging from 13.7 to 52.9 mg/L,are low-toxicity compounds.The molecular docking results demonstrated a potential mechanism of the antifungal action of the studied 2-oxoimidazolidin-4-sulfonamide derivatives via the inhibition of fungal CYP51,a sterol biosynthesis enzyme.
基金funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Background:The root of Desmodium gangeticum,a key component of“Dashamoola,”is a significant Ayurveda remedy for inflammatory conditions.Due to the less availability of D.gangeticum in Sri Lanka,indigenous physicians often substitute Alysicarpus vaginalis root without scientific validation.Further,no comparative study has been conducted on the whole plants of these species.This research is focused on comparing the aqueous extracts of roots and whole plants of A.vaginalis and D.gangeticum for anti-inflammatory activity,acute toxicity,and to quantify major phytochemicals.Methods:Freeze-dried aqueous extracts were prepared and assessed for anti-inflammatory potency using the egg albumin denaturation assay,heat-induced red blood cell membrane stabilization assay,and nitric oxide assay.Acute toxicity was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo assay,and major phytochemicals,were quantitatively screened.Results:In egg albumin denaturation assay,D.gangeticum whole plant(IC_(50)107.89±0.71μg/mL)and root(IC_(50)210.37±0.39μg/mL)exhibited superior anti-inflammatory potency compared to diclofenac sodium(IC_(50)826.04±0.27μg/mL)and A.vaginalis(whole plant IC_(50)1,336μg/mL,root IC_(50)3,162.28μg/mL).In red blood cell membrane stabilization assay,D.gangeticum(whole plant IC_(50)47.86±0.52μg/mL,root IC_(50)331.13±0.83μg/mL)showed the highest activity.Quercetin(IC_(50)285.01μg/mL)was the most potent,with D.gangeticum(IC_(50)2,080.03μg/mL)and A.vaginalis(IC_(50)7,183.87μg/mL)showing weaker inhibition in the nitric oxide assay.Regarding toxicity,lower toxicity showed for D.gangeticum(LC502,570.39μg/mL)compared to A.vaginalis(LC501,348.96μg/mL).In phytochemical analysis,phenols,flavonoids,tannins,alkaloids and saponins were quantified.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between effects of all extracts and reference drugs(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comparative analysis revealed,D.gangeticum has higher anti-inflammatory activity and lower toxicity than A.vaginalis,suggesting its suitability over A.vaginalis in Sri Lankan practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21976045 and 22076112)China Scholarship Council(CSC)Scholarship(Nos.202208610125 and 202308610123)+1 种基金Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning of Trace Pollutants(No.SHJKFJJ202318)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024SF-YBXM-567).
文摘Acid-base dissociable antibiotic-metal complexes are known to be emerging contaminants in the aquatic environments.However,little information is available on the photochemical properties and toxicity of these complex forms.This study investigated the spectral properties of three fluoroquinolones(FQs)with and without metal ions Fe(III),Cu(II),and Al(III)in solutions under different pH conditions,as well as evaluated the changes in toxicity due to the complex with thesemetal ions using luminescent bacteria(vibrio fischeri).FQs showed a higher tendency to coordinate metal ions under alkaline conditions compared to neutral and acidic conditions,and the formation of complexes weakened the ultravioletabsorbing ability of FQs.At pH=7.0,Cu(II)quenched the fluorescence intensity of FQs.Moreover,their Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were explored,revealing that the coordination sites of Cu(II)in three FQs were situated in a bidentate manner through the oxygen atom of the deprotonated carboxyl group and cyclic carbonyl oxygen atom.This conclusion was further verified by the theory of molecular surface electrostatic potential.In addition,except for complexes of ciprofloxacin-metals,enhanced toxicity of FQs upon coordination with Fe(III)was observed,while reduced toxicity was found for coordination with Cu(II)and Al(III).These results are important for accurately evaluating the photochemical behavior and risk of these antibiotics in aquatic environments contaminated with metal ions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1808204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206001 and U22A20406)the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province of China(No.KJ2021A0074).
文摘Nanoplastics are emerging contaminants that may co-exist with organochlorine pesticides and adversely affect invertebrates in the environment.However,the impact of environmental aging on the combined toxicity of nanoplastics and organochlorine pesticides remains unclear.This study investigated the effects of aging on the combined toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS NPs)and chlordane against Caenorhabditis elegans.The results showed that photo-aging altered the physicochemical properties of PS NPs and promoted the combined toxicity of PS NPs and chlordane to nematodes by reducing survival rate,body length and enhancing germline apoptosis.Additionally,combined exposure of nematodes to aged PS NPs and chlordane significantly increased reactive oxygen species production and intestinal permeability,suggesting that aging enhances combined toxicity through oxidative stress and intestinal damage.Moreover,aging increased chlordane contents in nematodes without promoting PS NPs accumulation,potentially leading to increased combined toxicity of PS NPs and chlordane.Notably,aging significantly increased the accumulation of PS NPs in the posterior intestine of the nematode during co-exposure,which may be responsible for the most sensitive and highest degree of change in germline apoptosis.These observations emphasize the significance of accounting for environmental aging as well as the accumulation and distribution of nanoplastics in organisms when assessing the combined effects of nanoplastics and coexisting pollutants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207450,42067056,and 21866017)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202101BE070001-013)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents of Yunnan Province(No.202101AV070006).
文摘Dissolved black carbon(DBC)plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water.However,the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been systematically studied.Here,the compositions of DBC released from biochar through redox processes dominated by bacteria and light were thoroughly studied.It was found that the DBC released from straw biochar possess more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic substances.The content of phenolic and carboxylic groups in DBC was increased under influence of microorganisms and light,respectively.The concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased from 10.0~57.5 mmol/gC to 6.6~65.2 mmol/gC,and the concentration of carboxyl groups increased from49.7~97.5 mmol/gC to 62.1~113.3 mmol/gC.Then the impacts of DBC on pyrite dissolution andmicroalgae growth were also investigated.The complexing Fe^(3+)was proved to play a predominant role in the dissolution of ferrous mineral in DBC solution.Due to complexing between iron ion and DBC,the amount of dissolved Fe in aquatic water may rise as a result of elevated number of aromatic components with oxygen containing groups and low molecular weight generated under light conditions.Fe-DBC complexations in solution significantly promoted microalga growth,which might be attributed to the stimulating effect of dissolved Fe on the chlorophyll synthesis.The results of study will deepen our understanding of the behavior and ultimate destiny of DBC released into an iron-rich environment under redox conditions.
基金This work was supported by the Focused Research Effort on Chemicals in the Working Environment(FFIKA)from the Danish Government.
文摘Background:Inhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary tox-icity.However,it typically requires substantial amounts of test material.Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration technique,where the test substance is suspended in a liquid vehicle and deposited into the lung via the trachea.Instillation requires minimal test material,delivers an exact dose deep into the lung,and is less labor-intensive than inhalation exposures.However,one shortcoming is that the pro-cedure may induce short-term inflammation.To minimize this,we tested different modifications of the technique to identify the potential for refinement.Methods:First,we tested whether previous findings of increased inflammation could be confirmed.Next,we tested whether instillation with a disposable 1 mL syringe with ball-tipped steel-needle(Disposable-syringe/steel-needle)induced less inflammation than the use of our standard set-up,a 250μL reusable glass syringe with a disposable plastic catheter(Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter).Finally,we tested if access to pelleted and liquid feed prior to instillation affected inflammation.We evaluated inflammation by neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar fluid 24 h post-exposure.Results:Vehicle-instilled mice showed a small increase in neutrophil numbers com-pared to untreated mice.Neutrophil numbers were slightly elevated in the groups in-stilled with Disposable-syringe/steel-needle;an interaction with feed type indicated that the increase in neutrophils was more pronounced in combination with feed pel-lets compared to liquid feed.We found no difference between the feed types when using the Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination.Conclusion:The Glass-syringe/plastic-catheter combination induced the least exposure-related inflammation,confirming this as a preferred instillation procedure.
基金supported by the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program(22ZD6FA005)West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202306)+2 种基金Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Gansu Province(Grant No.23JRRA567)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202312158)Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(22YF7FA041)。
文摘Perfluoroalkyl acid analogs(PFAAs)are a class of chemically stable environmentally persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are difficult to degrade and have a strong capacity to accumulate in the human body.PFAAs have been found to be biotoxic to humans and have been detected in various environmental media,especially in the cryosphere at trace concentrations.The cryosphere,sensitively responds to climate change,plays a crucial role in the global water,carbon and energy cycles.However,researches on cryosphere PFAAs especially in Tibetan Plateau(TP)is limited.Therefore,we summarize the physicochemical properties,physiological toxicity,spatiotemporal distribution,sources,diffusion and migration pathways,as well as analysis and removal methods of PFAAs in the cryosphere regions.The results show that PFAAs pollutants are mainly produced and distributed in the more economically developed countries in Europe and the United States,as well as in East Asia,and PFAAs can be transported by atmospheric circulation and water cycle to remote regions including cryosphere regions.The current detection methods for PFAAs in cryosphere need to be further refined for increased accuracy and convenience.There is also a need to develop more effective removal methods that will reduce the environmental and human threats posed by these PFAAs.Finally,we propose key scientific questions for future research in cryosphere including PFAAs redistribution influenced by cryosphere changes,human activities,and the interaction of other spheres.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFC1600702)the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development of China(2020JH6/10500002).
文摘Cadmium accumulation in seafood has become a major concern for human health.Recently,there has been an increasing focus on the potential risks associated with food-borne fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)that are formed during the thermal processing of seafood.The co-occurrence of cadmium and CDs from cooked seafood become a common phenomenon and co-exposure of them to human has been an inevitable route during long-term seafood consuming.In addition,it has been widely recognized that CDs can be used as nanocarriers for metal ion chelation for their transport into organisms,thereby,they could influence the bioavailability of metal ion.While there have been numerous studies on the toxic effects of cadmium or CDs,none have explored the combined toxicity of food-borne CDs from clams(CCDs)and Cd^(2+).In this study,we investigated the single or co-exposure(combined exposure)of Cd^(2+)and CCDs on PC12 cells to investigate the combined toxicity of them.Our analysis of cell viability revealed that CCDs significantly augmented the cytotoxicity induced by Cd^(2+).More in-depth metabolomics and lipidomics investigation indicated that the combined exposure of Cd^(2+)and CCDs led to significant metabolic disorders,causing an antagonistic effect on energy metabolism,and a synergistic effect on amino acids and lipids metabolism.The disturbance in metabolomics and lipidomics was further supported by the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species following co-exposure.These findings provide new evidence that support the enhanced cytotoxicity of Cd^(2+)by the CCDs derived from the thermal processing of clams.This study also declares the necessary that prioritize the investigation of the potential impact of other thermal processing hazards originating from heat-processed foods on the toxicity of heavy metal ions.
文摘The herbal drink “Attoté” has been widely used in the Abidjan district to treat a number of illnesses, notably erectile dysfunction. Despite the popularity of its therapeutic effects, very few studies have been carried out on its effects on the health of users. The aim of this study was to identify the constituents contained in the phytomedicinal product and to assess their potential adverse effects in vivo. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the bioactive molecules in “Attoté” and to evaluate its hepatic effects in vivo. Forty (40) Wistar rats, randomly divided into 4 groups, with 10 animals per group (5 males and 5 females) were used to study potential hepatotoxic effects. Group 1 animals (control group) received distilled water. Batches I, II and III received by gavage a volume of Attoté extract corresponding to 1 ml/100 g body weight at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. Attoté extract was administered daily at the same time for 28 days, and serum was collected every two weeks to assess hepatic biochemical markers by spectrophotometry using a Cobas C311® HITACHI biochemistry system. After one month of study, the rats were euthanized by ether overdose and the livers were harvested for morphological and histopathological analysis. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, leucoanthocyanes, anthraquinones and quinones. Hepatic biochemical and hematological parameters such as red globular, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALPs) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) showed no significant change (p > 0.05) in the treated rat group compared with controls. However, these variations were moderate and transient, with values remaining almost within their standard limits. Microscopic observations of liver tissue sections from treated rats showed no liver damage or dysfunction. This study merits further investigation, with a view to gaining a better understanding of the cytotoxic mechanisms of herbal medicinal beverages, with a view to their reformulation as improved traditional medicines (ITMs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.52270155 and 92047201).
文摘Cresyl diphenyl phosphate(CDP),an emerging aryl organophosphate ester(OPE),exhibits potential toxic effects and is frequently found in diverse environmental media,thereby raising concerns about environmental pollution.Biodegradation demonstrates substantial potential for CDP removal from the environment.This study investigated the biodegradation mechanisms of CDP using anaerobic activated sludge(AnAS).The biodegradation of 1-mg/L CDP followed a first-order kinetic model with a degradation kinetic constant of 0.943 d^(-1),and the addition of different electron acceptors affected the degradation rate.High-resolution mass spectrometry identified seven transformation products(TPs)of CDP.The pathways of CDP degradation in anaerobic conditions were proposed,with carboxylation products being the most dominant intermediate products.The structure of the anaerobic microbial community at different degradation time points in CDP-amended microcosms was examined.The linear discriminant analysis(LDA)of effect size(LEfSe)potentially underscored the pivotal role of Methyloversatilis in CDP biodegradation.Zebrafish embryotoxicity experiments revealed both lethal and morphogenetic impacts of CDP on zebrafish embryos.The survival rate,hatching rate,and body length indicators of zebrafish embryos underscored the detoxification of CDP and its resultant intermediates by AnAS.This study offers new insights into the fate and biodegradation mechanisms of CDP in wastewater treatment plants.
基金supported by two grants:the Ministry of Education and Culture,Finland Seed Funding–Finland-China Food and Health Network(FCFH)2023,University of Eastern Finlandand the Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang A&F University,China(Grant No.:2023CFR008).
文摘Microplastics and nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),raising significant concerns about their impact on human health.Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems,influencing germ cells,embryo development,and progeny.Additionally,studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo,inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation.Considering these adverse effects,identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important.Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects.Among these,anthocyanins,natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers,exhibit a wide range of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-neoplastic properties.Moreover,anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity.Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G),one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins,shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity,particularly in females,and in protecting male reproductive organs,including the testis and epididymis.This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors,specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors(ERs).These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs.This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health,especially concerning reproductive health.
文摘Background:A germicide like Izal is chemical agent used for reducing and preventing microbial loads in systems for treating water as well as other industries like agriculture and aquaculture.The environmental impact of germicide is often more than the target intended by those who use them.The purpose of the current study was to ascertain the toxicity levels and behavioral alterations of Juvenile African catfish,Clarias gariepinus,subjected to Izal exposure.Methods:The stock solution was created from the 100 mL by mixing 1 mL of the Izal with 99 mL of water.After that,different nominal concentrations of Izal were prepared using the stock solution by diluting the toxin with tap water in determined amounts(10 L).The fish were exposed to acute concentrations of 1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 and 3.0 mg/L of Izal had a control that served as a reference point.Results:The lethal concentration of Izal(24 h LC50)was found to be 2.4136 mg/L(95%confidence interval=2.1707–2.6838)for test fish under a semi-static system showing that Izal is moderately poisonous to the species in a dose-dependent manner and time(duration).The highest mortality was recorded in the highest concentration(3.0 mg/L)of Izal while the least mortality was observed in the 1.5 mg/L group.Izal-exposed fish had aberrant behavior,including hyperactivity,gasping of air,respiratory distress,attempts to jump out of the water,erratic swimming,refusal to feed,lethargic movement,and slow response to feed,loss of balance and depigmentation.The severity of the abnormal behavior decreased after 24 h,but remained mildly to moderately high at 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L of Izal.It was found that the death rate increased with Izal concentration and duration.Conclusion:The present study revealed that Izal was moderately toxic to Claris gariepinus juveniles and should be used prudently in the environment to guard against toxicological effect on non-target organisms such as fish.For this reason,the use of the germicides should be with caution especially near water bodies.
