This study was designed to explore the possibility of using ascitic mouse sarcoma cell line (S180) to validate the mouse tumor cell attachment assay for developmental toxicants, and to test the inhibitory effects of v...This study was designed to explore the possibility of using ascitic mouse sarcoma cell line (S180) to validate the mouse tumor cell attachment assay for developmental toxicants, and to test the inhibitory effects of various developmental toxicants. The results showed that 2 of 3 developmental toxicants under consideration, sodium pentobarbital and ethanol, significantly inhibited S180cells attachment to Concanavalin A-coaed surfaces. Inhibition was dependent on concentration, and the IC50 (the concentration tha reduced attachment by 50% ), of these 2 chemicals was 1.2×10-3mol/L and 1 .0 mol/L, respectively. Anoher developmental toxiant, hydmiortisone, did not show inhibitory activity. Two non-developmental toxicants, sodium chloride and glycine were also tested and these did not decrease attachment rates. The main results reported here were generally sindlar to those obtained with ascitic mouse ovdrian tumor cells as a model. Therefore, this study added further evidence to the conclusion that cell specificity does not lindt attachment inhibition to Con A-coated surfaces, so S180 cell may serve as an altemative cell model, especially when other cell lines are unavailable. Furthermore, after optimal validation, it can be suggested that an S180 cell attachment assay may be a candidate for a series of assays to detect developmental toxicants.展开更多
The luminous intensity of dark variant (S1) separated from photobacterium phosph oreum (A2) was 1/10 000 less than that of wild type. Ethidium bromide (EB) (0.6 mg/L), Mytomycin C (MC, 0.05 mg/L), 2 amino fluorene ...The luminous intensity of dark variant (S1) separated from photobacterium phosph oreum (A2) was 1/10 000 less than that of wild type. Ethidium bromide (EB) (0.6 mg/L), Mytomycin C (MC, 0.05 mg/L), 2 amino fluorene (2 AF, 1.0 mg/L) all cou ld strongly induce reversion mutation for S1 within 24 h and increase reversion ratio significantly. The results of experiments indicated that these revertants had stable genetic characteristic and the mutation may take place at gene levels . The mutagenesis to S1 caused by EB, MC and 2 AF was detected and it may be us ed as a new rapid, simple and sensitive method for gene toxicant monitoring.展开更多
Isolated ovarian tissues from the common carp, Cyprinus carpio were incubated in vitro to obtain a discrete effect of four common toxicants of industrial origin, namely phenol, sulfide, mercuric chloride and cadmium c...Isolated ovarian tissues from the common carp, Cyprinus carpio were incubated in vitro to obtain a discrete effect of four common toxicants of industrial origin, namely phenol, sulfide, mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride, on gonadotropin-induced alteration of nonesterified and esterified cholesterol and steroidogenic enzymes, △5-3β-HSD and 17β-HSD activity. Stage II ovarian tissue containing 30-40% mature oocytes were shown to be most responsive to gonadotropins in depleting only nonesterified cholesterol moiety and stimulating the activity of both. Safe doses of above mentioned toxicants when added separately to stage II ovarian tissue with oLH (1 μg/incubation) gonadotropin-induced depletion of nonesterified cholesterol and gonadotropin-induced stimulation of the activity of both enzymes was significantly inhibited. Esterified cholesterol remained almost unaltered. Findings clearly indicate the impairment of gonadotropin induced fish ovarian steroidogenesis by the four toxicants separately.展开更多
This paper established a modified Leslie-Gower and Holling-type IV stochastic predator-prey model with Lévy noise and impulsive toxicant input. We study the stability in distribution of solutions by inequality te...This paper established a modified Leslie-Gower and Holling-type IV stochastic predator-prey model with Lévy noise and impulsive toxicant input. We study the stability in distribution of solutions by inequality techniques and ergodic method. By comparison method and It<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ô</span>’s formula, we obtain the sufficient conditions for the survival of each species. Some numerical simulations are introduced to show the theoretical results.展开更多
Male infertility is a major public health issue predominantly caused by defects in germ cell development. In the past, studies on the genetic regulation of spermatogenesis as well as on negative environmental impacts ...Male infertility is a major public health issue predominantly caused by defects in germ cell development. In the past, studies on the genetic regulation of spermatogenesis as well as on negative environmental impacts have been hampered by the fact that human germ cell development is intractable to direct analysis in vivo. Compared with model organisms including mice, there are fundamental differences in the molecular processes of human germ cell development. Therefore, an in vitro model mimicking human sperm formation would be an extremely valuable research tool. In the recent past, both human embryonic stem （ES） cells and induced pluripotent stem （iPS） cells have been reported to harbour the potential to differentiate into primordial germ cells and gametes. We here discuss the possibility to use human amniotic fluid stem （AFS） ceils as a biological model. Since their discovery in 2003, AFS cells have been characterized to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, to be genomically stable, to have a high proliferative potential and to be non-tumourigenic. In addition, AFS cells are not subject of ethical concerns. In contrast to iPS cells, AFSs cells do not need ectopic induction of pluripotency, which is often associated with only imperfectly cleared epigenetic memory of the source cells. Since AFS cells can be derived from amniocentesis with disease-causing mutations and can be transfected with high efficiency, they could be used in probing gene functions for spermatogenesis and in screening for male reproductive toxicity.展开更多
Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC mat...Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ignored.Herein,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction reaction.Because this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material properties.Accordingly,a high KCN content(-611 mg)can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area(-3600 m^2/g).Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC material with high performance entails high risk.Undoubtedly,this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based material.And,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material.展开更多
The zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism in life science owing to its remarkable biological characteristics and wide-ranging applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advan...The zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism in life science owing to its remarkable biological characteristics and wide-ranging applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in research on zebrafish within the field of environmental toxicology,highlighting specific studies where this species was used to investigate various pollutants to elucidate their impacts and underlying mechanisms.The findings of these studies underscore the significant potential of zebrafish as a model to gain crucial insights into the ecological consequences of environmental contamination and toxicity pathways.By incorporating cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence(Al),high-throughput screening,and omics approaches,the use of zebrafish as a model organism is poised to significantly accelerate toxicological investigations,promote environmental conservation efforts,contribute to safeguarding human health,and advance sustainable development objectives.展开更多
Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmenta...Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.展开更多
Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.Howeve...Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.However,a systematic characterization of its reproductive toxicity is still missing.This study aims to explore the male reproductive toxicity caused by GenX exposure and the potential cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms behind it.Results Normally developing mice were exposed to GenX,and testicular tissue was subsequently analyzed and validated using single-cell RNA sequencing.Our results revealed that GenX induced severe testicular damage,disrupted the balance between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonial stem cells,and led to strong variation in the cellular dynamics of spermatogenesis.Furthermore,GenX exposure caused global upregulation of testicular somatic cellular inflammatory responses,increased abnormal macrophage differentiation,and attenuated fibroblast adhesion,disorganizing the somatic-germline interactions.Conclusions In conclusion,this study revealed complex cellular dynamics and transcriptome changes in mouse testis after GenX exposure,providing a valuable resource for understanding its reproductive toxicity.展开更多
This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main cr...This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main criterion to assess the quality and effectiveness of the proposed solutions,as this test was performed to measure the strength of the stabilized clay by varying binders’dosages and curing times.Moreover,the direct shear test(DST)was used to investigate the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the treated soil.Microstructure observations of the natural and treated soil were conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and FTIR.Furthermore,toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)tests were performed on the treated soil to investigate the leachability of metals.According to the results,using 2.5%of sewage sludge activated by NaOH and Na_(2)SiO_(3)increases the UCS values from 176 kPa to 1.46 MPa after 7 d and 56 d of curing,respectively.The results of the DST indicate that sewage sludge as a precursor increases cohesion and enhances frictional resistance,thereby improving the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the stabilized soil.The SEM micrographs show that alkali-activated sewage sludge increases the integrity and reduces the cavity volumes in the stabilized soil.Moreover,TCLP tests revealed that the solubility of metals in the treated soil alkaliactivated by sewage sludge significantly decreased.This study suggests that using sewage sludge can replace cement and lime in ground improvement,improve the circular economy,and reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.展开更多
Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony a...Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony and bismuth face several challenges, including excessively wide band gaps, elevated defect densities, and suboptimal film quality, all of which hinder advancements in device efficiency. While extensive studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of modulating the A-site and X-site elements in lead-free A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskites, there remains a notable scarcity of reports addressing the impact of modifications to the B-site element. In this study, we investigated the alloying of antimony and bismuth within the 2D Cs_(3)B_(2)I_(6)Br_(3) perovskite. By systematically varying the ratios of two elements, we found that the incorporation of both antimony and bismuth at the B-site significantly enhances the quality of the perovskite films. Our findings indicate that a 1 : 1 ratio of antimony to bismuth produces the densest films, the highest photoluminescence intensity, and superior photovoltaic performance. Ultimately,the devices fabricated using this optimal ratio achieved an open-circuit voltage(VOC) of 1.01 V and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 0.645%.展开更多
BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their...BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their RTW process.Hence,scientific research is necessary to explore the barriers and facilitating factors of returning to work for young and middle-aged CRC survivors.AIM To examine the current RTW status among young and middle-aged CRC survivors and to analyze the impact of RTW self-efficacy(RTW-SE),fear of progression(FoP),eHealth literacy(eHL),family resilience(FR),and financial toxicity(FT)on their RTW outcomes.METHODS A cross-sectional investigation was adopted in this study.From September 2022 to February 2023,a total of 209 participants were recruited through a convenience sampling method from the gastrointestinal surgery department of a class A tertiary hospital in Chongqing.The investigation utilized a general information questionnaire alongside scales assessing RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT.To analyze the factors that influence RTW outcomes among young and middle-aged CRC survivors,Cox regression modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used.RESULTS A total of 43.54%of the participants successfully returned to work,with an average RTW time of 100 days.Cox regression univariate analysis revealed that RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT were significantly different between the non-RTW and RTW groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,Cox regression multivariate analysis identified per capita family monthly income,job type,RTW-SE,and FR as independent influencing factors for RTW(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The RTW rate requires further improvement.Elevated levels of RTW-SE and FR were found to significantly increase RTW among young and middle-aged CRC survivors.Health professionals should focus on modifiable factors,such as RTW-SE and FR,to design targeted RTW support programs,thereby facilitating their timely reintegration into mainstream society.展开更多
Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is...Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.展开更多
Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic ...Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.展开更多
Objective Inflammation and fibrosis are key features of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Triptolide(TP)exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties,though its mechanisms of action in DN remain unclear.CREKA(Cys-Arg...Objective Inflammation and fibrosis are key features of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Triptolide(TP)exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties,though its mechanisms of action in DN remain unclear.CREKA(Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala)is a pentapeptide that specifically binds to fibronectin(FN),and the CREKA-modified liposome(CREKA-Lip)represents a novel FN-targeted drug delivery system.This study aimed to investigate the role of TP in diabetic db/db mice and determine whether encapsulation within CREKA-Lip enhances therapeutic efficacy while reducing the multi-organ toxicity of TP.Methods Eight-week-old diabetic db/db mice received tail vein injections twice weekly with vehicle,free TP,or CREKA-Lip/TP for 10 weeks.Urine and serum parameters were measured,and kidney,heart,liver,and testis tissues were collected for pathological evaluation.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape and its plug-ins to identify core targets and elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of TP against DN.Inflammatory,fibrotic,apoptotic,and lipid metabolism markers were evaluated in the kidneys of diabetic mice with DN and in high glucose-treated mouse mesangial cells and podocytes using qPCR,Western blot,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence assays.Results TP administration reduced fasting blood glucose levels and glomerular mesangial expansion in diabetic mice.TP significantly suppressed renal inflammation,fibrosis,and apoptosis while enhancing lipid metabolism.Integration of network pharmacology,molecular docking,and transcriptomics revealed that TP ameliorated DN by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT1 signaling pathway.In vitro,TP inhibited high glucose-induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1,reduced collagen production in mesangial cells,decreased apoptosis,and improved lipid metabolism in podocytes.Moreover,CREKA-Lip/TP exhibited superior efficacy compared with free TP,with a more sustained reduction in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and greater inhibition of mesangial expansion.Notably,CREKA-Lip/TP treatment did not induce systemic toxicity.Conclusion TP improves renal inflammation,fibrosis,apoptosis,and lipid homeostasis,thereby ameliorating DN by inhibiting JAK2-STAT1 activation.Targeted delivery of TP via FN-binding CREKA-Lip enhances therapeutic efficacy while minimizing multi-organ toxicity.展开更多
Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to asse...Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.展开更多
We study a model for the long-term behavior of a single-species population with some degree of pollution tolerance in a polluted environment. The model consists of three ordinary differential equations： one for the p...We study a model for the long-term behavior of a single-species population with some degree of pollution tolerance in a polluted environment. The model consists of three ordinary differential equations： one for the population density, one for the amount of toxicant inside the living organisms, and one for the amount of toxicant in the environment. We derive sufficient conditions for the persistence and the extinction of the population depending on the exogenous input rate of the toxicant into the environment and the level of pollution tolerance of the organisms. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate our main results.展开更多
The influence of toxicants on the competition of n populations for time variablenutriellt input rate and time variable washout rate in a chemostat model is investigated.After proving some qualitative properties of the...The influence of toxicants on the competition of n populations for time variablenutriellt input rate and time variable washout rate in a chemostat model is investigated.After proving some qualitative properties of the solutions, the threshold between persistence and extinction of the populations has been obtained.展开更多
To evaluate the subchronic and chronic toxicity of Fuyanxiao capsules,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used in toxicity studies.In the subchronic toxicity study,50 female rats were randomly divided into a high-dose group(5...To evaluate the subchronic and chronic toxicity of Fuyanxiao capsules,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used in toxicity studies.In the subchronic toxicity study,50 female rats were randomly divided into a high-dose group(5.4g/kg/day)and a control group,with 15 rats in each,and medium(2.7g/kg/day)and low(1.35g/kg/day)dose groups,with 10 rats in each.The test substance was administered orally(mixed with feed,twice daily)for 90 consecutive days.In the chronic toxicity study,40 female rats were randomly divided into high,medium,and low dose groups and a control group,with 10 rats in each.The test substance was administered orally in the same manner for 180 consecutive days.Clinical signs,body weight,and food consumption were observed and recorded daily.At the end of the terminal phase(the first 10 rats from each group,1 day after the last dose)and the recovery phase(the last 5 rats from the control group and the high-dose group,observed for an additional 28 days after the last dose),blood and urine samples,as well as organs,were collected.Organ coefficients were calculated,and various hematological and urinary indicators were detected,followed by pathological analysis.The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight,food consumption,or organ coefficients between any of the dose groups and the control group in both subchronic and chronic toxicity studies(P>0.05).Histopathological examination revealed no lesions,suggesting no tissue or organ damage in any of the dose groups.The rats exhibited good mental status,and hematological and urinary physiological indicators were within normal ranges,indicating stable liver and kidney function,hematopoietic system of the bone marrow,and internal environment in all dose groups.Therefore,Fuyanxiao capsule has no obvious subchronic or chronic toxicity in SD rats,and it is safe and reliable to use at reasonable dosage in clinical practice.展开更多
This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each...This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each set of trials contained a control(de-chlorinated tap water),and the experiments were repeated three times.The fish(n=10)were randomly measured with an average length of(3.4±0.34)cm and weight of(1±0.1)g.The temperature was kept at 24℃.Experiments 1 and 2 were designed to investigate at the acute toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on juvenile zebrafish(Danio rerio)respectively,whereas experiment 3 was aimed at the combined toxicity of IMI and THM on zebrafish.The tests followed the same study design,and each experiment used seven different logarithmic concentrations of imidacloprid insecticides(310.00,317.08,324.33,331.74,339.32,347.07,355.00 mg/L)and thiamethoxam(175.00,185.52,200.93,215.30,230.70,247.20,264.88 mg/L).The results show that THM is more toxic than IMI,with LC_(50)values of 190.34 mg/L for THM and 310.92 mg/L for IMI.Both individual toxicities showed a substantial positive connection(P<0.05)with confidence limits of 321.50-300.68 mg/L for IMI and 199.91-181.21 mg/L for THM.The joint toxicity test was carried out using the 96-h LC_(50)values of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam obtained in the individual acute toxicity trials at a 1:1 ratio.The Additive Index(AI)demonstrated that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam acted synergistically on D.rerio.As a matter of fact,more research is needed to better understand the impact of IMI and THM on other aquatic organisms and also create strategies to mitigate its harmful effects on aquatic life.展开更多
文摘This study was designed to explore the possibility of using ascitic mouse sarcoma cell line (S180) to validate the mouse tumor cell attachment assay for developmental toxicants, and to test the inhibitory effects of various developmental toxicants. The results showed that 2 of 3 developmental toxicants under consideration, sodium pentobarbital and ethanol, significantly inhibited S180cells attachment to Concanavalin A-coaed surfaces. Inhibition was dependent on concentration, and the IC50 (the concentration tha reduced attachment by 50% ), of these 2 chemicals was 1.2×10-3mol/L and 1 .0 mol/L, respectively. Anoher developmental toxiant, hydmiortisone, did not show inhibitory activity. Two non-developmental toxicants, sodium chloride and glycine were also tested and these did not decrease attachment rates. The main results reported here were generally sindlar to those obtained with ascitic mouse ovdrian tumor cells as a model. Therefore, this study added further evidence to the conclusion that cell specificity does not lindt attachment inhibition to Con A-coated surfaces, so S180 cell may serve as an altemative cell model, especially when other cell lines are unavailable. Furthermore, after optimal validation, it can be suggested that an S180 cell attachment assay may be a candidate for a series of assays to detect developmental toxicants.
文摘The luminous intensity of dark variant (S1) separated from photobacterium phosph oreum (A2) was 1/10 000 less than that of wild type. Ethidium bromide (EB) (0.6 mg/L), Mytomycin C (MC, 0.05 mg/L), 2 amino fluorene (2 AF, 1.0 mg/L) all cou ld strongly induce reversion mutation for S1 within 24 h and increase reversion ratio significantly. The results of experiments indicated that these revertants had stable genetic characteristic and the mutation may take place at gene levels . The mutagenesis to S1 caused by EB, MC and 2 AF was detected and it may be us ed as a new rapid, simple and sensitive method for gene toxicant monitoring.
文摘Isolated ovarian tissues from the common carp, Cyprinus carpio were incubated in vitro to obtain a discrete effect of four common toxicants of industrial origin, namely phenol, sulfide, mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride, on gonadotropin-induced alteration of nonesterified and esterified cholesterol and steroidogenic enzymes, △5-3β-HSD and 17β-HSD activity. Stage II ovarian tissue containing 30-40% mature oocytes were shown to be most responsive to gonadotropins in depleting only nonesterified cholesterol moiety and stimulating the activity of both. Safe doses of above mentioned toxicants when added separately to stage II ovarian tissue with oLH (1 μg/incubation) gonadotropin-induced depletion of nonesterified cholesterol and gonadotropin-induced stimulation of the activity of both enzymes was significantly inhibited. Esterified cholesterol remained almost unaltered. Findings clearly indicate the impairment of gonadotropin induced fish ovarian steroidogenesis by the four toxicants separately.
文摘This paper established a modified Leslie-Gower and Holling-type IV stochastic predator-prey model with Lévy noise and impulsive toxicant input. We study the stability in distribution of solutions by inequality techniques and ergodic method. By comparison method and It<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ô</span>’s formula, we obtain the sufficient conditions for the survival of each species. Some numerical simulations are introduced to show the theoretical results.
文摘Male infertility is a major public health issue predominantly caused by defects in germ cell development. In the past, studies on the genetic regulation of spermatogenesis as well as on negative environmental impacts have been hampered by the fact that human germ cell development is intractable to direct analysis in vivo. Compared with model organisms including mice, there are fundamental differences in the molecular processes of human germ cell development. Therefore, an in vitro model mimicking human sperm formation would be an extremely valuable research tool. In the recent past, both human embryonic stem （ES） cells and induced pluripotent stem （iPS） cells have been reported to harbour the potential to differentiate into primordial germ cells and gametes. We here discuss the possibility to use human amniotic fluid stem （AFS） ceils as a biological model. Since their discovery in 2003, AFS cells have been characterized to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, to be genomically stable, to have a high proliferative potential and to be non-tumourigenic. In addition, AFS cells are not subject of ethical concerns. In contrast to iPS cells, AFSs cells do not need ectopic induction of pluripotency, which is often associated with only imperfectly cleared epigenetic memory of the source cells. Since AFS cells can be derived from amniocentesis with disease-causing mutations and can be transfected with high efficiency, they could be used in probing gene functions for spermatogenesis and in screening for male reproductive toxicity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876030)。
文摘Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil remediation.However,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ignored.Herein,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction reaction.Because this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material properties.Accordingly,a high KCN content(-611 mg)can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area(-3600 m^2/g).Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC material with high performance entails high risk.Undoubtedly,this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based material.And,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material.
基金supported by the Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2024C03230)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism in life science owing to its remarkable biological characteristics and wide-ranging applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in research on zebrafish within the field of environmental toxicology,highlighting specific studies where this species was used to investigate various pollutants to elucidate their impacts and underlying mechanisms.The findings of these studies underscore the significant potential of zebrafish as a model to gain crucial insights into the ecological consequences of environmental contamination and toxicity pathways.By incorporating cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence(Al),high-throughput screening,and omics approaches,the use of zebrafish as a model organism is poised to significantly accelerate toxicological investigations,promote environmental conservation efforts,contribute to safeguarding human health,and advance sustainable development objectives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077299,and U21A20290)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750400)the Ordos Key Research and Development Program(No.YF20240037).
文摘Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Area Research and Development Program[grant number 2022B0202090002]China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[grant number 2024M760977].
文摘Background Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid(GenX),a substitute for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,has been widely detected in various environmental matrices and foods recently,attracting great attention.However,a systematic characterization of its reproductive toxicity is still missing.This study aims to explore the male reproductive toxicity caused by GenX exposure and the potential cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms behind it.Results Normally developing mice were exposed to GenX,and testicular tissue was subsequently analyzed and validated using single-cell RNA sequencing.Our results revealed that GenX induced severe testicular damage,disrupted the balance between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonial stem cells,and led to strong variation in the cellular dynamics of spermatogenesis.Furthermore,GenX exposure caused global upregulation of testicular somatic cellular inflammatory responses,increased abnormal macrophage differentiation,and attenuated fibroblast adhesion,disorganizing the somatic-germline interactions.Conclusions In conclusion,this study revealed complex cellular dynamics and transcriptome changes in mouse testis after GenX exposure,providing a valuable resource for understanding its reproductive toxicity.
文摘This study investigates the innovative reuse of sewage sludge with eco-friendly alkaline solutes to improve clayey soil without conventional cementitious binders.The unconfined compressive strength(UCS)was the main criterion to assess the quality and effectiveness of the proposed solutions,as this test was performed to measure the strength of the stabilized clay by varying binders’dosages and curing times.Moreover,the direct shear test(DST)was used to investigate the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the treated soil.Microstructure observations of the natural and treated soil were conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and FTIR.Furthermore,toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)tests were performed on the treated soil to investigate the leachability of metals.According to the results,using 2.5%of sewage sludge activated by NaOH and Na_(2)SiO_(3)increases the UCS values from 176 kPa to 1.46 MPa after 7 d and 56 d of curing,respectively.The results of the DST indicate that sewage sludge as a precursor increases cohesion and enhances frictional resistance,thereby improving the Mohr-Coulomb parameters of the stabilized soil.The SEM micrographs show that alkali-activated sewage sludge increases the integrity and reduces the cavity volumes in the stabilized soil.Moreover,TCLP tests revealed that the solubility of metals in the treated soil alkaliactivated by sewage sludge significantly decreased.This study suggests that using sewage sludge can replace cement and lime in ground improvement,improve the circular economy,and reduce the carbon footprint of construction projects.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. LQ22F040001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2022M723281)Science and Technology Planning Project of Shaoxing City (Grant No. 2023B41006)。
文摘Owing to their low toxicity and remarkable stability, perovskites based on antimony and bismuth have garnered significant interest in recent years. However, A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskite materials derived from antimony and bismuth face several challenges, including excessively wide band gaps, elevated defect densities, and suboptimal film quality, all of which hinder advancements in device efficiency. While extensive studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of modulating the A-site and X-site elements in lead-free A_(3)B_(2)X_(9) perovskites, there remains a notable scarcity of reports addressing the impact of modifications to the B-site element. In this study, we investigated the alloying of antimony and bismuth within the 2D Cs_(3)B_(2)I_(6)Br_(3) perovskite. By systematically varying the ratios of two elements, we found that the incorporation of both antimony and bismuth at the B-site significantly enhances the quality of the perovskite films. Our findings indicate that a 1 : 1 ratio of antimony to bismuth produces the densest films, the highest photoluminescence intensity, and superior photovoltaic performance. Ultimately,the devices fabricated using this optimal ratio achieved an open-circuit voltage(VOC) of 1.01 V and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 0.645%.
基金Supported by the Chongqing Medical University Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,No.W0019Chongqing Municipal Education Commission’s 14th Five-Year Key Discipline Support Project,No.20240101 and No.20240102。
文摘BACKGROUND Return to work(RTW)serves as an indication for young and middle-aged colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors to resume their normal social lives.However,these survivors encounter significant challenges during their RTW process.Hence,scientific research is necessary to explore the barriers and facilitating factors of returning to work for young and middle-aged CRC survivors.AIM To examine the current RTW status among young and middle-aged CRC survivors and to analyze the impact of RTW self-efficacy(RTW-SE),fear of progression(FoP),eHealth literacy(eHL),family resilience(FR),and financial toxicity(FT)on their RTW outcomes.METHODS A cross-sectional investigation was adopted in this study.From September 2022 to February 2023,a total of 209 participants were recruited through a convenience sampling method from the gastrointestinal surgery department of a class A tertiary hospital in Chongqing.The investigation utilized a general information questionnaire alongside scales assessing RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT.To analyze the factors that influence RTW outcomes among young and middle-aged CRC survivors,Cox regression modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used.RESULTS A total of 43.54%of the participants successfully returned to work,with an average RTW time of 100 days.Cox regression univariate analysis revealed that RTW-SE,FoP,eHL,FR,and FT were significantly different between the non-RTW and RTW groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,Cox regression multivariate analysis identified per capita family monthly income,job type,RTW-SE,and FR as independent influencing factors for RTW(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The RTW rate requires further improvement.Elevated levels of RTW-SE and FR were found to significantly increase RTW among young and middle-aged CRC survivors.Health professionals should focus on modifiable factors,such as RTW-SE and FR,to design targeted RTW support programs,thereby facilitating their timely reintegration into mainstream society.
基金supported by the Notional Natural Science Foundation of Chino,No.82160690Colloborotive Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education,No.2020-39Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.ZK[2021]-014(all to FZ)。
文摘Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82301486(to SL)and 82071325(to FY)Medjaden Academy&Research Foundation for Young Scientists,No.MJR202310040(to SL)+2 种基金Nanjing Medical University Science and Technique Development,No.NMUB20220060(to SL)Medical Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health,No.ZDA2020019(to JZ)Health China Buchang Zhiyuan Public Welfare Project for Heart and Brain Health,No.HIGHER202102(to QD).
文摘Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.
文摘Objective Inflammation and fibrosis are key features of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Triptolide(TP)exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties,though its mechanisms of action in DN remain unclear.CREKA(Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala)is a pentapeptide that specifically binds to fibronectin(FN),and the CREKA-modified liposome(CREKA-Lip)represents a novel FN-targeted drug delivery system.This study aimed to investigate the role of TP in diabetic db/db mice and determine whether encapsulation within CREKA-Lip enhances therapeutic efficacy while reducing the multi-organ toxicity of TP.Methods Eight-week-old diabetic db/db mice received tail vein injections twice weekly with vehicle,free TP,or CREKA-Lip/TP for 10 weeks.Urine and serum parameters were measured,and kidney,heart,liver,and testis tissues were collected for pathological evaluation.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape and its plug-ins to identify core targets and elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of TP against DN.Inflammatory,fibrotic,apoptotic,and lipid metabolism markers were evaluated in the kidneys of diabetic mice with DN and in high glucose-treated mouse mesangial cells and podocytes using qPCR,Western blot,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence assays.Results TP administration reduced fasting blood glucose levels and glomerular mesangial expansion in diabetic mice.TP significantly suppressed renal inflammation,fibrosis,and apoptosis while enhancing lipid metabolism.Integration of network pharmacology,molecular docking,and transcriptomics revealed that TP ameliorated DN by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT1 signaling pathway.In vitro,TP inhibited high glucose-induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1,reduced collagen production in mesangial cells,decreased apoptosis,and improved lipid metabolism in podocytes.Moreover,CREKA-Lip/TP exhibited superior efficacy compared with free TP,with a more sustained reduction in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and greater inhibition of mesangial expansion.Notably,CREKA-Lip/TP treatment did not induce systemic toxicity.Conclusion TP improves renal inflammation,fibrosis,apoptosis,and lipid homeostasis,thereby ameliorating DN by inhibiting JAK2-STAT1 activation.Targeted delivery of TP via FN-binding CREKA-Lip enhances therapeutic efficacy while minimizing multi-organ toxicity.
文摘Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11201075)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2016J01015)Scholarship under Education Department of Fujian Province
文摘We study a model for the long-term behavior of a single-species population with some degree of pollution tolerance in a polluted environment. The model consists of three ordinary differential equations： one for the population density, one for the amount of toxicant inside the living organisms, and one for the amount of toxicant in the environment. We derive sufficient conditions for the persistence and the extinction of the population depending on the exogenous input rate of the toxicant into the environment and the level of pollution tolerance of the organisms. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate our main results.
文摘The influence of toxicants on the competition of n populations for time variablenutriellt input rate and time variable washout rate in a chemostat model is investigated.After proving some qualitative properties of the solutions, the threshold between persistence and extinction of the populations has been obtained.
文摘To evaluate the subchronic and chronic toxicity of Fuyanxiao capsules,Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used in toxicity studies.In the subchronic toxicity study,50 female rats were randomly divided into a high-dose group(5.4g/kg/day)and a control group,with 15 rats in each,and medium(2.7g/kg/day)and low(1.35g/kg/day)dose groups,with 10 rats in each.The test substance was administered orally(mixed with feed,twice daily)for 90 consecutive days.In the chronic toxicity study,40 female rats were randomly divided into high,medium,and low dose groups and a control group,with 10 rats in each.The test substance was administered orally in the same manner for 180 consecutive days.Clinical signs,body weight,and food consumption were observed and recorded daily.At the end of the terminal phase(the first 10 rats from each group,1 day after the last dose)and the recovery phase(the last 5 rats from the control group and the high-dose group,observed for an additional 28 days after the last dose),blood and urine samples,as well as organs,were collected.Organ coefficients were calculated,and various hematological and urinary indicators were detected,followed by pathological analysis.The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight,food consumption,or organ coefficients between any of the dose groups and the control group in both subchronic and chronic toxicity studies(P>0.05).Histopathological examination revealed no lesions,suggesting no tissue or organ damage in any of the dose groups.The rats exhibited good mental status,and hematological and urinary physiological indicators were within normal ranges,indicating stable liver and kidney function,hematopoietic system of the bone marrow,and internal environment in all dose groups.Therefore,Fuyanxiao capsule has no obvious subchronic or chronic toxicity in SD rats,and it is safe and reliable to use at reasonable dosage in clinical practice.
基金Supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2025XT0902)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46).
文摘This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each set of trials contained a control(de-chlorinated tap water),and the experiments were repeated three times.The fish(n=10)were randomly measured with an average length of(3.4±0.34)cm and weight of(1±0.1)g.The temperature was kept at 24℃.Experiments 1 and 2 were designed to investigate at the acute toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on juvenile zebrafish(Danio rerio)respectively,whereas experiment 3 was aimed at the combined toxicity of IMI and THM on zebrafish.The tests followed the same study design,and each experiment used seven different logarithmic concentrations of imidacloprid insecticides(310.00,317.08,324.33,331.74,339.32,347.07,355.00 mg/L)and thiamethoxam(175.00,185.52,200.93,215.30,230.70,247.20,264.88 mg/L).The results show that THM is more toxic than IMI,with LC_(50)values of 190.34 mg/L for THM and 310.92 mg/L for IMI.Both individual toxicities showed a substantial positive connection(P<0.05)with confidence limits of 321.50-300.68 mg/L for IMI and 199.91-181.21 mg/L for THM.The joint toxicity test was carried out using the 96-h LC_(50)values of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam obtained in the individual acute toxicity trials at a 1:1 ratio.The Additive Index(AI)demonstrated that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam acted synergistically on D.rerio.As a matter of fact,more research is needed to better understand the impact of IMI and THM on other aquatic organisms and also create strategies to mitigate its harmful effects on aquatic life.
