Objective： To investigate patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and analyze the factors influencing these attitudes.Methods： The self-developed Demographic and Disease-Related Information Questionnaire...Objective： To investigate patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and analyze the factors influencing these attitudes.Methods： The self-developed Demographic and Disease-Related Information Questionnaires, Pain Management Barriers Questionnaire-Taiwan form（BQT）, and Pain Knowledge Questionnaire were administered to 363 pairs of hospitalized cancer patients and their caregivers from the oncology departments of 7 hospitals in Beijing, China.Results： The average patient score for attitudes towards pain management was 2.96±0.49. The dimension scores indicated good attitudes in three areas（scores 〈2.5）, ＂Desire to be good＂（2.22±1.04）, ＂Fatalism＂（2.08±0.81） and＂Religious fatalism＂（1.86±1.00）, and poor attitudes in six areas（scores ≥2.5）, ＂Tolerance＂（3.83±0.96）, ＂Use of analgesics as needed（p.r.n.）＂（3.73±1.01）, ＂Addiction＂（3.44±1.05）, ＂Disease progression＂（3.28±1.26）, ＂Distraction of physicians＂（3.16±1.07） and ＂Side effects＂（2.99±0.68）. Two factors were entered into the regression equation：the caregivers＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and the patients＇ pain knowledge. These two factors explained 23.2% of the total variance in the patients＇ average scores for their attitudes towards cancer pain management.Conclusions： The patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management were poor and could be influenced by the caregivers＇ attitudes and the patients＇ pain knowledge, and thus need to be improved.展开更多
In order to develop a sensor for the detection of toxic N2O molecules, the interaction of pristine and Aldoped BN nanosheets with an N2O molecule was investigated using density functional theory calculations. It was f...In order to develop a sensor for the detection of toxic N2O molecules, the interaction of pristine and Aldoped BN nanosheets with an N2O molecule was investigated using density functional theory calculations. It was found that unlike the pristine sheet, the Al-doped sheet can effectively interact with the N2O molecule so that its electronic properties and conductivity are dramatically changed. We believe that replacing a B atom of the BN sheet with an Al atom may be a good strategy for improving the sensitivity of these nanosheets toward N2O, which cannot be trapped and detected by the pristine sheet.展开更多
From the existential perspective of Martin Heidegger's theory on death, this paper analyses the protagonist Harry's death in Hemingway's story"The Snows of Kilimanjaro", pointing out that facing ...From the existential perspective of Martin Heidegger's theory on death, this paper analyses the protagonist Harry's death in Hemingway's story"The Snows of Kilimanjaro", pointing out that facing directly with his own Being-toward-Death makes him realize his previous life is lost in the inauthentic easiness, and his authentic possibility of being is embedded in writing as a writer.展开更多
Traditional control strategies have difficulty handling nonlinear behavior of structures, time variable features and parameter uncertainties of structural control systems under seismic excitation. An off-and-towardseq...Traditional control strategies have difficulty handling nonlinear behavior of structures, time variable features and parameter uncertainties of structural control systems under seismic excitation. An off-and-towardsequilibrium （OTE） strategy combined with fuzzy control is presented in this paper to overcome these difficulties. According to the OTE strategy, the control force is designed from the viewpoint of a mechanical relationship between the motions of the structure, the exciting force and the control force. The advantage of the OTE strategy is that it can be used for a variety of control systems. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, the seismic performance of a three-story shear building with an Active Tendon System （ATS） using a Fuzzy Logic Controller （FLC） is studied. The main advantage of the fuzzy controller is its inherent robustness and ability to handle any nonlinear behavior of structures. However, there are no design guidelines to set up the corresponding control rule table for a FLC. Based on the proposed strategy for the FLC, a control rule table associated with the building under study is developed, which then allows formation of a detailed algorithm. The results obtained in this study show that the proposed strategy performs slightly better than the linear quadratic regulator （LQR） strategy, while possessing several advantages over the LQR controller. Consequently, the feasibility and validity of the proposed strategy are verified.展开更多
Background: “Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities” refers to children with markedly limited activity due to severe overlapping of physical and intellectual disabilities. The physical and mental b...Background: “Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities” refers to children with markedly limited activity due to severe overlapping of physical and intellectual disabilities. The physical and mental burden placed on families raising severely disabled children, particularly the primary caregivers, is great in home settings. For families to effectively utilize services and over-come child rearing problems, the families themselves need the “strength” to cooperate with others for the purpose of raising a severely disabled child. The ultimate goal of family support is to enable such families to achieve satisfaction and self-growth in child rearing. Methods: We used a questionnaire to survey 75 primary caregivers to empirically elucidate the empowerment and positive feelings towards child rearing of families raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities and the related factors. The t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to examine the association with bivariates. A multiple regression analysis was conducted for empowerment and positive feelings. Results: Results revealed that life events, livelihood, awareness of social support and the child’s sleep problems were factors related to empowerment. Of these, awareness of social support from outside of the family was found to contribute the most to empowerment. Furthermore, improvement and maintenance of positive feelings towards child rearing reaffirmed the existence of empowerment in addition to reducing negative feelings towards child rearing and ensuring social support. Conclusions: Raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities requires specialist knowledge and skills. Support from professionals to empower the entire family is therefore important in order to strengthen positive feelings towards child rearing.展开更多
Acquired neurological injuries initiate a pathological cascade of secondary injury processes,including inflammation,which continue for days to weeks following injury.Injury-induced neuroinflammation acts as a host def...Acquired neurological injuries initiate a pathological cascade of secondary injury processes,including inflammation,which continue for days to weeks following injury.Injury-induced neuroinflammation acts as a host defense mechanism contributing to the neutralization of the insult（removing offending factors）and restoring structure and function of the brain（establish homeostasis）.The timing of these protective functions of the immune response is vital,since chronic inflammation展开更多
Poly（ionic liquid） functionalized composite nanotubes are achieved by ATRP grafting ionic liquid monomers for example ViEtIm^＋Br^- from the poly（DVB-co-VBC） nanotubes surface. PW12O40^3- anion is introduced throu...Poly（ionic liquid） functionalized composite nanotubes are achieved by ATRP grafting ionic liquid monomers for example ViEtIm^＋Br^- from the poly（DVB-co-VBC） nanotubes surface. PW12O40^3- anion is introduced through anion exchange. The PW12O40^3- based composite nanotubes can synchronously absorb and decompose water soluble dyes for example methyl orange（MO）. The cooperative interplay is promising in highly efficient decomposition of dyes.展开更多
The novel Jane Eyre is the representative work of Charlotte Bronte.Through the hard life of Jane Eyre,especially her fare in love,the novel shows a new attitude towards love and a new moral standard.The author emphasi...The novel Jane Eyre is the representative work of Charlotte Bronte.Through the hard life of Jane Eyre,especially her fare in love,the novel shows a new attitude towards love and a new moral standard.The author emphasizes Jane's inner heart and her special character,giving Jane a unique charm and a fascinating power.Many scholars have studied on Jane Eyre's character and her attitude towards love.This paper firstly analyses her character,which is self-contemptuous,self-esteemed and rebellious,then emphasizes on discussing Jane's attitude towards love.At last,it comments on the whole article.展开更多
奈达代表作书名Toward a Science of Translating译成"翻译科学探索"引起译论界高度的关注和激烈争论。译文"翻译科学探索"中的两个词——"翻译科学"和"探索",都值得很好的商榷。Toward a Scie...奈达代表作书名Toward a Science of Translating译成"翻译科学探索"引起译论界高度的关注和激烈争论。译文"翻译科学探索"中的两个词——"翻译科学"和"探索",都值得很好的商榷。Toward a Science of Translating的真正含义是"迈向翻译学"。展开更多
The idea of research started with a crazy imaginary theory in the field of astrogeography, saying: We often taught ourselves and then convinced the students that the planet Earth moves despite not feeling the vibratio...The idea of research started with a crazy imaginary theory in the field of astrogeography, saying: We often taught ourselves and then convinced the students that the planet Earth moves despite not feeling the vibrations of traffic, and we listed successive scientific confirmations to indicate the rotation of the planet in a regular movement around its axis once every 24 hours, and it is running in another second movement around the sun once every 365¼ days, so are they only two movements, no more?! Is it possible for him to run at a regular speed in an additional direction?展开更多
Aiming to achieve market integration together with European classic style and Chinese business style 130 years ago,Hart brothers established a men＇s wear company-Hart Schaffner Marx,and accordingly,a classic American...Aiming to achieve market integration together with European classic style and Chinese business style 130 years ago,Hart brothers established a men＇s wear company-Hart Schaffner Marx,and accordingly,a classic American brand was born in Chicago in the United States.For 130 years,it has enjoyed countless glory,always standing in the forefront of American fashion,and the 44th president of the United States Barack Obama was展开更多
文摘Objective： To investigate patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and analyze the factors influencing these attitudes.Methods： The self-developed Demographic and Disease-Related Information Questionnaires, Pain Management Barriers Questionnaire-Taiwan form（BQT）, and Pain Knowledge Questionnaire were administered to 363 pairs of hospitalized cancer patients and their caregivers from the oncology departments of 7 hospitals in Beijing, China.Results： The average patient score for attitudes towards pain management was 2.96±0.49. The dimension scores indicated good attitudes in three areas（scores 〈2.5）, ＂Desire to be good＂（2.22±1.04）, ＂Fatalism＂（2.08±0.81） and＂Religious fatalism＂（1.86±1.00）, and poor attitudes in six areas（scores ≥2.5）, ＂Tolerance＂（3.83±0.96）, ＂Use of analgesics as needed（p.r.n.）＂（3.73±1.01）, ＂Addiction＂（3.44±1.05）, ＂Disease progression＂（3.28±1.26）, ＂Distraction of physicians＂（3.16±1.07） and ＂Side effects＂（2.99±0.68）. Two factors were entered into the regression equation：the caregivers＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management and the patients＇ pain knowledge. These two factors explained 23.2% of the total variance in the patients＇ average scores for their attitudes towards cancer pain management.Conclusions： The patients＇ attitudes towards cancer pain management were poor and could be influenced by the caregivers＇ attitudes and the patients＇ pain knowledge, and thus need to be improved.
文摘In order to develop a sensor for the detection of toxic N2O molecules, the interaction of pristine and Aldoped BN nanosheets with an N2O molecule was investigated using density functional theory calculations. It was found that unlike the pristine sheet, the Al-doped sheet can effectively interact with the N2O molecule so that its electronic properties and conductivity are dramatically changed. We believe that replacing a B atom of the BN sheet with an Al atom may be a good strategy for improving the sensitivity of these nanosheets toward N2O, which cannot be trapped and detected by the pristine sheet.
文摘From the existential perspective of Martin Heidegger's theory on death, this paper analyses the protagonist Harry's death in Hemingway's story"The Snows of Kilimanjaro", pointing out that facing directly with his own Being-toward-Death makes him realize his previous life is lost in the inauthentic easiness, and his authentic possibility of being is embedded in writing as a writer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grants No. 50508003 and No.50478042, and A Municipal New Star Plan Program Approved by Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission
文摘Traditional control strategies have difficulty handling nonlinear behavior of structures, time variable features and parameter uncertainties of structural control systems under seismic excitation. An off-and-towardsequilibrium （OTE） strategy combined with fuzzy control is presented in this paper to overcome these difficulties. According to the OTE strategy, the control force is designed from the viewpoint of a mechanical relationship between the motions of the structure, the exciting force and the control force. The advantage of the OTE strategy is that it can be used for a variety of control systems. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, the seismic performance of a three-story shear building with an Active Tendon System （ATS） using a Fuzzy Logic Controller （FLC） is studied. The main advantage of the fuzzy controller is its inherent robustness and ability to handle any nonlinear behavior of structures. However, there are no design guidelines to set up the corresponding control rule table for a FLC. Based on the proposed strategy for the FLC, a control rule table associated with the building under study is developed, which then allows formation of a detailed algorithm. The results obtained in this study show that the proposed strategy performs slightly better than the linear quadratic regulator （LQR） strategy, while possessing several advantages over the LQR controller. Consequently, the feasibility and validity of the proposed strategy are verified.
文摘Background: “Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities” refers to children with markedly limited activity due to severe overlapping of physical and intellectual disabilities. The physical and mental burden placed on families raising severely disabled children, particularly the primary caregivers, is great in home settings. For families to effectively utilize services and over-come child rearing problems, the families themselves need the “strength” to cooperate with others for the purpose of raising a severely disabled child. The ultimate goal of family support is to enable such families to achieve satisfaction and self-growth in child rearing. Methods: We used a questionnaire to survey 75 primary caregivers to empirically elucidate the empowerment and positive feelings towards child rearing of families raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities and the related factors. The t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to examine the association with bivariates. A multiple regression analysis was conducted for empowerment and positive feelings. Results: Results revealed that life events, livelihood, awareness of social support and the child’s sleep problems were factors related to empowerment. Of these, awareness of social support from outside of the family was found to contribute the most to empowerment. Furthermore, improvement and maintenance of positive feelings towards child rearing reaffirmed the existence of empowerment in addition to reducing negative feelings towards child rearing and ensuring social support. Conclusions: Raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities requires specialist knowledge and skills. Support from professionals to empower the entire family is therefore important in order to strengthen positive feelings towards child rearing.
文摘Acquired neurological injuries initiate a pathological cascade of secondary injury processes,including inflammation,which continue for days to weeks following injury.Injury-induced neuroinflammation acts as a host defense mechanism contributing to the neutralization of the insult（removing offending factors）and restoring structure and function of the brain（establish homeostasis）.The timing of these protective functions of the immune response is vital,since chronic inflammation
基金supported by MOST(No.2012CB933200)NSFC(Nos.51233007 and 51173191)
文摘Poly（ionic liquid） functionalized composite nanotubes are achieved by ATRP grafting ionic liquid monomers for example ViEtIm^＋Br^- from the poly（DVB-co-VBC） nanotubes surface. PW12O40^3- anion is introduced through anion exchange. The PW12O40^3- based composite nanotubes can synchronously absorb and decompose water soluble dyes for example methyl orange（MO）. The cooperative interplay is promising in highly efficient decomposition of dyes.
文摘The novel Jane Eyre is the representative work of Charlotte Bronte.Through the hard life of Jane Eyre,especially her fare in love,the novel shows a new attitude towards love and a new moral standard.The author emphasizes Jane's inner heart and her special character,giving Jane a unique charm and a fascinating power.Many scholars have studied on Jane Eyre's character and her attitude towards love.This paper firstly analyses her character,which is self-contemptuous,self-esteemed and rebellious,then emphasizes on discussing Jane's attitude towards love.At last,it comments on the whole article.
文摘The idea of research started with a crazy imaginary theory in the field of astrogeography, saying: We often taught ourselves and then convinced the students that the planet Earth moves despite not feeling the vibrations of traffic, and we listed successive scientific confirmations to indicate the rotation of the planet in a regular movement around its axis once every 24 hours, and it is running in another second movement around the sun once every 365¼ days, so are they only two movements, no more?! Is it possible for him to run at a regular speed in an additional direction?
文摘Aiming to achieve market integration together with European classic style and Chinese business style 130 years ago,Hart brothers established a men＇s wear company-Hart Schaffner Marx,and accordingly,a classic American brand was born in Chicago in the United States.For 130 years,it has enjoyed countless glory,always standing in the forefront of American fashion,and the 44th president of the United States Barack Obama was
