We report herein a case of isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease (Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy) diagnosed upon routine microscopic examination of tonsils in a child. The patient is a 4 year old girl who h...We report herein a case of isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease (Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy) diagnosed upon routine microscopic examination of tonsils in a child. The patient is a 4 year old girl who had a history of sleep apnea, but no other significant medical history or other findings on physical examination. In this report, we discuss the various approaches to handling of tonsillectomy specimens. We also discuss the value of routine microscopic examination, providing a list of case examples of incidental, clinically important, findings that can be missed if a microscopic examination of tonsils was not performed. We finally discuss the clinical significance of finding histologic evidence of Rosai-Dorfman disease in a child.展开更多
Objective::This review aims to discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils,with reference to how this foundational understanding may affect patient management and surgical procedure...Objective::This review aims to discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils,with reference to how this foundational understanding may affect patient management and surgical procedures in these regions of the upper airway.Methods::A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms tonsils,adenoids,anatomy,physiology,and adenotonsillectomy.Primary sources were excluded if they were abstracts only,non-English language,or non-human studies.Thirty-five sources were included in this review.Results and conclusions::The pharyngeal and palatine tonsils are compact yet physiologically complex mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues that make up a portion of Waldeyer’s ring.As part of the mucosal immune system,these structures function in exogenous antigen sampling and stimulation of immune responses.Aberrant immune activation and/or regulation can lead to a myriad of pathologies,with adenotonsillar hypertrophy,chronic tonsillitis/adenoiditis,and recurrent otitis media among the most commonly encountered conditions by otolaryngologists.While the pathophysiology of these conditions is still incompletely understood,current evidence and future investigations may reveal patterns amenable to targeted medical management.When medical management fails,tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy may be indicated for patient care.Though routine procedures,the execution of tonsil and/or adenoid removal requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of these lymphoepithelial organs so as to minimize the risk for rare serious complications that can occur.展开更多
KangBingDuKouFuYe(KBDKFY)is widely used to treat influenza,upper respiratory tract infections,mumps and other diseases.Due to their diverse active ingredients,it is believed that they may have excellent anti-inflammat...KangBingDuKouFuYe(KBDKFY)is widely used to treat influenza,upper respiratory tract infections,mumps and other diseases.Due to their diverse active ingredients,it is believed that they may have excellent anti-inflammatory,antibacterial and antiviral effects.Therefore,we believe they may have multiple therapeutic targets for throat inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infections.This study utilizes network pharmacology methods to analyze the therapeutic effects of KBDKFY on Bacterial Pharyngeal Tonsillitis and Viral Pharyngitis,aiming to identify its active ingredients,action targets and related pathways through molecular docking.Additionally,it determines the affinity between the main active ingredient and the core target before conducting in vitro bacteriostatic tests.The analysis results show that KBDKFY contains multiple active ingredients and potential targets for treating Bacterial Pharyngeal Tonsillitis and Viral Pharyngitis.KEGG enrichment analysis indicates that KBDKFY may have therapeutic effects on these conditions through pathways such as pathways in cancer,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and others.This provides a theoretical basis for further exploring pharmacological effects and clinical applications of KBDKFY.展开更多
The rectal tonsil,a reactive proliferation of lymphoidtissue located in the rectum,is rare.Histologically,benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the rectum is usuallycharacterized by large lymphoid follicles with activegermin...The rectal tonsil,a reactive proliferation of lymphoidtissue located in the rectum,is rare.Histologically,benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the rectum is usuallycharacterized by large lymphoid follicles with activegerminal centers and a narrow surrounding mantlezone and marginal zone.This lesion is benign,but must be differentiated from the polypoid type of mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.In the current paper,we present a case of rectal tonsil in a 59-yearold woman.We describe the endoscopic ultrasound imaging findings with literature review.展开更多
Objective:Several studies indicated that tonsillectomy can improve the prognosis of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN).However,the relationship between tonsillar immunity and IgAN is still unclear.Method...Objective:Several studies indicated that tonsillectomy can improve the prognosis of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN).However,the relationship between tonsillar immunity and IgAN is still unclear.Methods:A total of 14 IgAN patients were recruited in the current study from May 2015 to April 2016 in Tongji Hospital.B cells,dendritic cells(DCs),and IgAl positive cells in human tonsils were detected using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.Correlations between these cells and clinicopathologic features were evaluated.展开更多
Tonsillectomy is the most common procedure for treatment of pediatric recurrent acute tonsillitis and tonsillar enlargement that contributes to obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.Postoperative hemorrhage of ton...Tonsillectomy is the most common procedure for treatment of pediatric recurrent acute tonsillitis and tonsillar enlargement that contributes to obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.Postoperative hemorrhage of tonsillectomy is a lifethreatening complication.AIM To identify the risk factors that may contribute to primary and secondary postoperative hemorrhage in pediatric tonsillectomy.METHODS The clinical data from 5015 children,3443 males and 1572 females,aged 1.92-17.08 years,with recurrent tonsillitis and/or tonsil hypertrophy who underwent tonsillectomy in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected.The variables including sex,age,time of onset,diagnosis,method of tonsillectomy,experience of surgeon,time when the surgery started and monthly average air temperature were abstracted.The patients with postoperative hemorrhage were classied into two groups,the primary bleeding group and the secondary bleeding group,and their characteristics were compared with those of the nonbleeding group separately.Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test with SPSS 20.RESULTS Ninety-two patients had post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage,and the incidence rate of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage was 1.83%.The mean age was 5.75 years.Cases of primary hemorrhage accounted for approximately 33.70%(31/92),and cases of secondary hemorrhage occurred in 66.30%(61/92).The rate of reoperation for bleeding was 0.92%,and the rate of rehospitalization for bleeding was 0.88%in all patients.Multiple hemostasis surgery was performed in 6.52%(3/46)of patients.The method of tonsillectomy(coblation tonsillectomy)and experience of the surgeon(junior surgeon with less than 5 years of experience)were significantly associated with primary hemorrhage(χ^(2)=5.830,P=0.016,χ^(2)=6.621,P=0.010,respectively).Age(over 6 years old)and time of onset(more than a 1-year history)were significantly associated with secondary hemorrhage(χ^(2)=15.242,P=0.000,χ^(2)=4.293,P=0.038,respectively).There was no signicant difference in sex,diagnosis,time when the surgery started or monthly average air temperature.There was a signicant difference in the intervention measures between the primary bleeding group and the secondary bleeding group(χ^(2)=10.947,P=0.001).The lower pole and middle portion were the common bleeding sites,followed by the upper pole and palatoglossal arch.CONCLUSION The incidence rate of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage is low.Coblation tonsillectomy and less than 5 years’experience of surgeon contribute to the tendency for primary hemorrhage.Age and time of onset are responsible for secondary hemorrhage.展开更多
Metastatic palatine tonsil cancer is extremely rare, with nearly 100 such tumors reported in the English literature. The prognosis of metastatic palatine tonsil cancer is poor. A 53-year-old man presented with painles...Metastatic palatine tonsil cancer is extremely rare, with nearly 100 such tumors reported in the English literature. The prognosis of metastatic palatine tonsil cancer is poor. A 53-year-old man presented with painless left palatine tonsillar swelling and a cervical mass following right hemicolectomy for an ascending colon adenocarcinoma. Physical examination showed an ulcerated mass located on the upper pole of the left palatine tonsil. A punch biopsy was taken for histological examination which showed a moderately- differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. He was still alive when we wrote this paper. Our case shows that immunohistochemical diagnosis of metastatic palatine tonsil cancer is essential.展开更多
文摘We report herein a case of isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease (Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy) diagnosed upon routine microscopic examination of tonsils in a child. The patient is a 4 year old girl who had a history of sleep apnea, but no other significant medical history or other findings on physical examination. In this report, we discuss the various approaches to handling of tonsillectomy specimens. We also discuss the value of routine microscopic examination, providing a list of case examples of incidental, clinically important, findings that can be missed if a microscopic examination of tonsils was not performed. We finally discuss the clinical significance of finding histologic evidence of Rosai-Dorfman disease in a child.
文摘Objective::This review aims to discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils,with reference to how this foundational understanding may affect patient management and surgical procedures in these regions of the upper airway.Methods::A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar using the MeSH terms tonsils,adenoids,anatomy,physiology,and adenotonsillectomy.Primary sources were excluded if they were abstracts only,non-English language,or non-human studies.Thirty-five sources were included in this review.Results and conclusions::The pharyngeal and palatine tonsils are compact yet physiologically complex mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues that make up a portion of Waldeyer’s ring.As part of the mucosal immune system,these structures function in exogenous antigen sampling and stimulation of immune responses.Aberrant immune activation and/or regulation can lead to a myriad of pathologies,with adenotonsillar hypertrophy,chronic tonsillitis/adenoiditis,and recurrent otitis media among the most commonly encountered conditions by otolaryngologists.While the pathophysiology of these conditions is still incompletely understood,current evidence and future investigations may reveal patterns amenable to targeted medical management.When medical management fails,tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy may be indicated for patient care.Though routine procedures,the execution of tonsil and/or adenoid removal requires a thorough understanding of the anatomy of these lymphoepithelial organs so as to minimize the risk for rare serious complications that can occur.
基金supported by Scientific Research Fund Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0960)Science Foundation of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(GGJJ2021105)National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project.
文摘KangBingDuKouFuYe(KBDKFY)is widely used to treat influenza,upper respiratory tract infections,mumps and other diseases.Due to their diverse active ingredients,it is believed that they may have excellent anti-inflammatory,antibacterial and antiviral effects.Therefore,we believe they may have multiple therapeutic targets for throat inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infections.This study utilizes network pharmacology methods to analyze the therapeutic effects of KBDKFY on Bacterial Pharyngeal Tonsillitis and Viral Pharyngitis,aiming to identify its active ingredients,action targets and related pathways through molecular docking.Additionally,it determines the affinity between the main active ingredient and the core target before conducting in vitro bacteriostatic tests.The analysis results show that KBDKFY contains multiple active ingredients and potential targets for treating Bacterial Pharyngeal Tonsillitis and Viral Pharyngitis.KEGG enrichment analysis indicates that KBDKFY may have therapeutic effects on these conditions through pathways such as pathways in cancer,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and others.This provides a theoretical basis for further exploring pharmacological effects and clinical applications of KBDKFY.
文摘The rectal tonsil,a reactive proliferation of lymphoidtissue located in the rectum,is rare.Histologically,benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the rectum is usuallycharacterized by large lymphoid follicles with activegerminal centers and a narrow surrounding mantlezone and marginal zone.This lesion is benign,but must be differentiated from the polypoid type of mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.In the current paper,we present a case of rectal tonsil in a 59-yearold woman.We describe the endoscopic ultrasound imaging findings with literature review.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82000658,No.81770686,and No.81970591)and Huazhong University of Science and Technology research funds for self-dependent innovation(No.2017KFYXJJ101).
文摘Objective:Several studies indicated that tonsillectomy can improve the prognosis of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN).However,the relationship between tonsillar immunity and IgAN is still unclear.Methods:A total of 14 IgAN patients were recruited in the current study from May 2015 to April 2016 in Tongji Hospital.B cells,dendritic cells(DCs),and IgAl positive cells in human tonsils were detected using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.Correlations between these cells and clinicopathologic features were evaluated.
文摘Tonsillectomy is the most common procedure for treatment of pediatric recurrent acute tonsillitis and tonsillar enlargement that contributes to obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.Postoperative hemorrhage of tonsillectomy is a lifethreatening complication.AIM To identify the risk factors that may contribute to primary and secondary postoperative hemorrhage in pediatric tonsillectomy.METHODS The clinical data from 5015 children,3443 males and 1572 females,aged 1.92-17.08 years,with recurrent tonsillitis and/or tonsil hypertrophy who underwent tonsillectomy in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected.The variables including sex,age,time of onset,diagnosis,method of tonsillectomy,experience of surgeon,time when the surgery started and monthly average air temperature were abstracted.The patients with postoperative hemorrhage were classied into two groups,the primary bleeding group and the secondary bleeding group,and their characteristics were compared with those of the nonbleeding group separately.Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test with SPSS 20.RESULTS Ninety-two patients had post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage,and the incidence rate of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage was 1.83%.The mean age was 5.75 years.Cases of primary hemorrhage accounted for approximately 33.70%(31/92),and cases of secondary hemorrhage occurred in 66.30%(61/92).The rate of reoperation for bleeding was 0.92%,and the rate of rehospitalization for bleeding was 0.88%in all patients.Multiple hemostasis surgery was performed in 6.52%(3/46)of patients.The method of tonsillectomy(coblation tonsillectomy)and experience of the surgeon(junior surgeon with less than 5 years of experience)were significantly associated with primary hemorrhage(χ^(2)=5.830,P=0.016,χ^(2)=6.621,P=0.010,respectively).Age(over 6 years old)and time of onset(more than a 1-year history)were significantly associated with secondary hemorrhage(χ^(2)=15.242,P=0.000,χ^(2)=4.293,P=0.038,respectively).There was no signicant difference in sex,diagnosis,time when the surgery started or monthly average air temperature.There was a signicant difference in the intervention measures between the primary bleeding group and the secondary bleeding group(χ^(2)=10.947,P=0.001).The lower pole and middle portion were the common bleeding sites,followed by the upper pole and palatoglossal arch.CONCLUSION The incidence rate of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage is low.Coblation tonsillectomy and less than 5 years’experience of surgeon contribute to the tendency for primary hemorrhage.Age and time of onset are responsible for secondary hemorrhage.
文摘Metastatic palatine tonsil cancer is extremely rare, with nearly 100 such tumors reported in the English literature. The prognosis of metastatic palatine tonsil cancer is poor. A 53-year-old man presented with painless left palatine tonsillar swelling and a cervical mass following right hemicolectomy for an ascending colon adenocarcinoma. Physical examination showed an ulcerated mass located on the upper pole of the left palatine tonsil. A punch biopsy was taken for histological examination which showed a moderately- differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. He was still alive when we wrote this paper. Our case shows that immunohistochemical diagnosis of metastatic palatine tonsil cancer is essential.
