Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermen...Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak aging.The fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel aromas.The concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak barrels.The concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting ones.The compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could not.The fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.展开更多
目的:近年来研究发现中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值可以预测急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者的短期和长期预后。但其变化量(ΔNLR)与患者溶栓后24 h的出血转化(HT)及早期神经功能改善(ENI)的关系仍缺乏研究。本次研究旨在探讨ΔNLR与溶栓后24 h的HT...目的:近年来研究发现中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值可以预测急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者的短期和长期预后。但其变化量(ΔNLR)与患者溶栓后24 h的出血转化(HT)及早期神经功能改善(ENI)的关系仍缺乏研究。本次研究旨在探讨ΔNLR与溶栓后24 h的HT和ENI的关系,及ΔNLR与不同TOAST分型的患者溶栓后早期结局的关系。方法:纳入接受静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者234例。对患者进行TOAST分型。根据HT和ENI的有无将患者进行分组。结果:发生HT的患者溶栓后NLR升高更明显,出现ENI的患者溶栓后NLR降低更明显。动脉粥样硬化型与心源性栓塞型患者的ΔNLR无明显差异,但小动脉闭塞型患者与大动脉粥样硬化型轻型患者相比,ΔNLR有统计学差异。结论:ΔNLR是AIS患者溶栓后HT和ENI的独立影响因素,且小动脉闭塞型脑卒中患者的ΔNLR大于轻型大动脉粥样硬化型脑卒中患者的ΔNLR。Objective: Recent studies have shown that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can predict the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the association between the variation of neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio(ΔNLR) and the bleeding transformation (HT) as well as early neurological improvement (ENI) at 24 h after thrombolysis is still lacking. The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between ΔNLR and HT as well as ENI 24 h after thrombolytic therapy, and the relationship between ΔNLR and early outcomes after thrombolytic therapy in patients with different TOAST classifications. Methods: 234 patients with AIS who received intravenous thrombolysis were included. The patients were classified by TOAST classifications. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of HT and ENI. Results: The increase of NLR after thrombolysis was more obvious in patients with HT while the decrease of NLR was more obvious in patients with ENI. There was no significant difference in ΔNLR between patients with atherosclerotic type and those with cardiogenic embolization type, but there was a statistical difference in ΔNLR between patients with small artery occlusion type and those with large artery atherosclerosis mild type. Conclusion: ΔNLR was an independent influencing factor for HT and ENI in AIS patients after thrombolysis, and ΔNLR in small artery occlusive stroke patients was greater than that in patients of minor stroke of LAA group.展开更多
Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level,and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals.In ruminants,protein,starch,and ...Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level,and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals.In ruminants,protein,starch,and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before reaching the small intestine.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of ensiling and hydro-thermic treatment(i.e.,toasting at 160℃for 30 min)of grains of peas and field beans on the concentrations of post-ruminal crude protein(PRCP)and rumen-undegraded protein(RUP).Moreover,24-h gas production and methane production were measured.For this,an in vitro batch culture system with ruminal fluid from sheep was used.Rumen-undegraded protein was determined using the Streptomyces griseus protease test.Scanning electron micrographs were used to visualize morphological changes of starch granules and their joint matrices in peas and field beans after ensiling,toasting,or a combination of both.Native pea grains contained crude protein(CP)at 199 g/kg DM,PRCP at 155 g/kg DM at a ruminal passage rate of 0.08/h(Kp8),RUP at 33 g/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 530 g/kg DM.Native field beans contained CP at 296 g/kg DM,PRCP at 212 g/kg DM at Kp8,RUP at 54 g of/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 450 g/kg DM.The PRCP did not considerably differ among native and treated peas or field beans.Especially in the peas,RUP at Kp8 increased after ensiling by 10 g/kg DM(i.e.,30%;P<0.05).Toasting increased RUP(Kp8)in ensiled peas by another 28%(P<0.05).Toasting had no effect on PRCP or RUP when the peas or field beans were not ensiled before.Gas and methane production were not affected by any treatment,and scanning electron micrographs did not reveal structural changes on the starches doubtless of any treatment.Protein seemed to be more affected by treatment with ensiled+toasted peas than with ensiled+toasted field beans,but starches and other carbohydrates from both legumes remained unaffected.展开更多
目的:探究颈动脉斑块稳定性、不同急性脑卒中ORG10172治疗试验(trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的相关性。方法:将2020年9月至2023年7月于河南...目的:探究颈动脉斑块稳定性、不同急性脑卒中ORG10172治疗试验(trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的相关性。方法:将2020年9月至2023年7月于河南大学第一附属医院接受急性缺血性脑卒中治疗的126例患者纳入研究。按照颈动脉斑块稳定性情况分为稳定组71例和不稳定组55例。按照TOAST分型进行分组,分为小动脉闭塞性(small artery occlusive,SAO)组42例,大动脉粥样硬化(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)组24例,心源性脑栓塞(cardioembolism,CE)组23例,其他原因(strike of other determined etiology,SOE)组9例和原因不明(stroke of other undetermined etiology,SUE)组51例。比较不同TOAST分型和不同颈动脉斑块稳定性患者的Hcy水平和神经功能(美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分);并采用Spearman分析Hcy水平和颈动脉斑块稳定性与TOAST分型的相关性。结果:不稳定组Hcy水平和NIHSS评分均高于稳定组(P<0.05);LAA组患者的Hcy水平和NIHSS评分均高于SAO组、CE组、SOE组和SUE组(P<0.05);血清Hcy水平与TOAST分型呈正相关(r=0.316,0.452,0.398,0.363,0.322;P<0.05);血清Hcy水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性呈正相关(r=0.446;P<0.05)。结论:颈动脉斑块稳定性、TOAST分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清Hcy水平具有相关性,Hcy水平越高颈动脉斑块稳定性越差、TOAST分型越严重。展开更多
目的探究血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型和长期预后的相关性。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月于珠海市人民医院住院治疗的首次急性缺...目的探究血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型和长期预后的相关性。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月于珠海市人民医院住院治疗的首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者199例。依据血尿酸水平将患者分为4组[≤280μmol/L组(n=50)、280.1~331μmol/L组(n=50)、331.1~398μmol/L组(n=50)和>398μmol/L组(n=49)],分析各组血尿酸与TOAST分型等指标的相关性。采用改良Rankin量表评价患者发病3个月后的预后情况,0~2分为预后良好组(n=157),3~6分为预后不良组(n=42),比较两组预后与血尿酸等指标的相关性。结果不同血尿酸组TOAST分型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),性别、血脂异常占比和血同型半胱氨酸水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经有序多分类Logistic回归分析,男性(OR=2.984,95%CI:1.603~5.553,P=0.001)和血脂异常(OR=2.600,95%CI:1.442~4.686,P=0.001)均与高血尿酸水平有关。不同预后组血尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),基线NIHSS评分和基线Barthel指数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),经二元Logistic回归分析,较低基线Barthel指数是患者预后不良的危险因素(OR=0.905,95%CI:0.867~0.944,P=0.000)。结论血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者TOAST分型和预后未显示出相关性,但是男性和血脂异常均与高血尿酸有关,且较低基线Barthel指数提示预后不良。展开更多
基金the financial support received from The Key Project of R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2022BBF01003)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-29).
文摘Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak aging.The fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel aromas.The concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak barrels.The concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting ones.The compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could not.The fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.
文摘目的:近年来研究发现中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值可以预测急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者的短期和长期预后。但其变化量(ΔNLR)与患者溶栓后24 h的出血转化(HT)及早期神经功能改善(ENI)的关系仍缺乏研究。本次研究旨在探讨ΔNLR与溶栓后24 h的HT和ENI的关系,及ΔNLR与不同TOAST分型的患者溶栓后早期结局的关系。方法:纳入接受静脉溶栓治疗的AIS患者234例。对患者进行TOAST分型。根据HT和ENI的有无将患者进行分组。结果:发生HT的患者溶栓后NLR升高更明显,出现ENI的患者溶栓后NLR降低更明显。动脉粥样硬化型与心源性栓塞型患者的ΔNLR无明显差异,但小动脉闭塞型患者与大动脉粥样硬化型轻型患者相比,ΔNLR有统计学差异。结论:ΔNLR是AIS患者溶栓后HT和ENI的独立影响因素,且小动脉闭塞型脑卒中患者的ΔNLR大于轻型大动脉粥样硬化型脑卒中患者的ΔNLR。Objective: Recent studies have shown that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio can predict the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the association between the variation of neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio(ΔNLR) and the bleeding transformation (HT) as well as early neurological improvement (ENI) at 24 h after thrombolysis is still lacking. The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between ΔNLR and HT as well as ENI 24 h after thrombolytic therapy, and the relationship between ΔNLR and early outcomes after thrombolytic therapy in patients with different TOAST classifications. Methods: 234 patients with AIS who received intravenous thrombolysis were included. The patients were classified by TOAST classifications. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of HT and ENI. Results: The increase of NLR after thrombolysis was more obvious in patients with HT while the decrease of NLR was more obvious in patients with ENI. There was no significant difference in ΔNLR between patients with atherosclerotic type and those with cardiogenic embolization type, but there was a statistical difference in ΔNLR between patients with small artery occlusion type and those with large artery atherosclerosis mild type. Conclusion: ΔNLR was an independent influencing factor for HT and ENI in AIS patients after thrombolysis, and ΔNLR in small artery occlusive stroke patients was greater than that in patients of minor stroke of LAA group.
基金supported by funds of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture(BMEL)based on a decision of the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany via the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food(BLE)under the Federal Programme Protein Crop Strategy(grant no.2815EPS058)
文摘Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level,and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed meals.In ruminants,protein,starch,and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before reaching the small intestine.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of ensiling and hydro-thermic treatment(i.e.,toasting at 160℃for 30 min)of grains of peas and field beans on the concentrations of post-ruminal crude protein(PRCP)and rumen-undegraded protein(RUP).Moreover,24-h gas production and methane production were measured.For this,an in vitro batch culture system with ruminal fluid from sheep was used.Rumen-undegraded protein was determined using the Streptomyces griseus protease test.Scanning electron micrographs were used to visualize morphological changes of starch granules and their joint matrices in peas and field beans after ensiling,toasting,or a combination of both.Native pea grains contained crude protein(CP)at 199 g/kg DM,PRCP at 155 g/kg DM at a ruminal passage rate of 0.08/h(Kp8),RUP at 33 g/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 530 g/kg DM.Native field beans contained CP at 296 g/kg DM,PRCP at 212 g/kg DM at Kp8,RUP at 54 g of/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 450 g/kg DM.The PRCP did not considerably differ among native and treated peas or field beans.Especially in the peas,RUP at Kp8 increased after ensiling by 10 g/kg DM(i.e.,30%;P<0.05).Toasting increased RUP(Kp8)in ensiled peas by another 28%(P<0.05).Toasting had no effect on PRCP or RUP when the peas or field beans were not ensiled before.Gas and methane production were not affected by any treatment,and scanning electron micrographs did not reveal structural changes on the starches doubtless of any treatment.Protein seemed to be more affected by treatment with ensiled+toasted peas than with ensiled+toasted field beans,but starches and other carbohydrates from both legumes remained unaffected.
文摘目的:探究颈动脉斑块稳定性、不同急性脑卒中ORG10172治疗试验(trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平的相关性。方法:将2020年9月至2023年7月于河南大学第一附属医院接受急性缺血性脑卒中治疗的126例患者纳入研究。按照颈动脉斑块稳定性情况分为稳定组71例和不稳定组55例。按照TOAST分型进行分组,分为小动脉闭塞性(small artery occlusive,SAO)组42例,大动脉粥样硬化(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)组24例,心源性脑栓塞(cardioembolism,CE)组23例,其他原因(strike of other determined etiology,SOE)组9例和原因不明(stroke of other undetermined etiology,SUE)组51例。比较不同TOAST分型和不同颈动脉斑块稳定性患者的Hcy水平和神经功能(美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分);并采用Spearman分析Hcy水平和颈动脉斑块稳定性与TOAST分型的相关性。结果:不稳定组Hcy水平和NIHSS评分均高于稳定组(P<0.05);LAA组患者的Hcy水平和NIHSS评分均高于SAO组、CE组、SOE组和SUE组(P<0.05);血清Hcy水平与TOAST分型呈正相关(r=0.316,0.452,0.398,0.363,0.322;P<0.05);血清Hcy水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性呈正相关(r=0.446;P<0.05)。结论:颈动脉斑块稳定性、TOAST分型与急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清Hcy水平具有相关性,Hcy水平越高颈动脉斑块稳定性越差、TOAST分型越严重。
文摘目的探究血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者类肝素药物治疗急性缺血性脑卒中试验(trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型和长期预后的相关性。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月于珠海市人民医院住院治疗的首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者199例。依据血尿酸水平将患者分为4组[≤280μmol/L组(n=50)、280.1~331μmol/L组(n=50)、331.1~398μmol/L组(n=50)和>398μmol/L组(n=49)],分析各组血尿酸与TOAST分型等指标的相关性。采用改良Rankin量表评价患者发病3个月后的预后情况,0~2分为预后良好组(n=157),3~6分为预后不良组(n=42),比较两组预后与血尿酸等指标的相关性。结果不同血尿酸组TOAST分型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),性别、血脂异常占比和血同型半胱氨酸水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经有序多分类Logistic回归分析,男性(OR=2.984,95%CI:1.603~5.553,P=0.001)和血脂异常(OR=2.600,95%CI:1.442~4.686,P=0.001)均与高血尿酸水平有关。不同预后组血尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),基线NIHSS评分和基线Barthel指数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),经二元Logistic回归分析,较低基线Barthel指数是患者预后不良的危险因素(OR=0.905,95%CI:0.867~0.944,P=0.000)。结论血尿酸与首次急性缺血性脑卒中患者TOAST分型和预后未显示出相关性,但是男性和血脂异常均与高血尿酸有关,且较低基线Barthel指数提示预后不良。
