Tomato is a model system for studying fleshy fruit development.After fertilization,cell division and expansion in the pericarp are crucial for fruit development and determine the final fruit size.TKN3 was found to be ...Tomato is a model system for studying fleshy fruit development.After fertilization,cell division and expansion in the pericarp are crucial for fruit development and determine the final fruit size.TKN3 was found to be expressed in the tomato ovary wall/pericarp of zero to two days post-anthesis fruits as a KNOX I class member,but its function in fruit development was elusive.Here,we found that mutations of TKN3 by CRISPR/Cas9 caused fruit developmental defects,and fruit weight was dramatically reduced in the tkn3cr mutant.Histological observation of fruit pericarps revealed that mutation of TKN3 repressed cell expansion after fertilization,leading to flattened cells in the mesocarp and thereby thinner pericarps in red fruits.Moreover,tkn3cr mutants also displayed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged leaves and floral organs,indicating conserved functions in meristem maintenance and leaf development.Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays further showed that TKN3 could interact with Solyc10g086640(a homolog of Arabidopsis PNY),which has a similar expression pattern as TKN3.Genome-wide identification of genes regulated by TKN3 indicated that the auxin and gibberellin(GA)pathways might mediate the function of TKN3.Our works revealed that TKN3 controls cell expansion in pericarps,and provides new insights into the roles of KNOX proteins in fruit development.展开更多
This paper determined cations and anions concentrations, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), and heavy metals content in sewage sludge collected from the drying beds of wastewater treatment plant in Gaza. The aim was to te...This paper determined cations and anions concentrations, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), and heavy metals content in sewage sludge collected from the drying beds of wastewater treatment plant in Gaza. The aim was to test the possibility of using this sewage sludge as an alternative source of mineral fertilizers. Many instruments were used in this work: flame photometry (K, Na), EDTA titration (Ca, Mg), the turbidity method () , spectrophotometer (turbidity), ascorbic acid method (orthophosphate), titrimetric method (Cl﹣), inductive coupled plasma analyzer (ICP, heavy metals). All the processes of experiments and analyses were described clearly for reference. Results showed that concentrations of Na﹢, K﹢, Ca2﹢ and Mg2﹢ were 28.93, 2.53, 271 and 177 mg/kg respectively whereas? were 0.434, 18.59, 0.87 and 0.026 g/kg respectively. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn were 125.12, 172.56, 76.88, 218.73 and 157.56 mg/kg respectively. These results indicate that sewage sludge from Gaza contained high fractions of most plant nutrients accordingly, and it may be advantageous to use the sludge as a natural source of plant fertilizers.展开更多
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1003002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32120103010)the Project of Yuandu Industry Leading talent。
文摘Tomato is a model system for studying fleshy fruit development.After fertilization,cell division and expansion in the pericarp are crucial for fruit development and determine the final fruit size.TKN3 was found to be expressed in the tomato ovary wall/pericarp of zero to two days post-anthesis fruits as a KNOX I class member,but its function in fruit development was elusive.Here,we found that mutations of TKN3 by CRISPR/Cas9 caused fruit developmental defects,and fruit weight was dramatically reduced in the tkn3cr mutant.Histological observation of fruit pericarps revealed that mutation of TKN3 repressed cell expansion after fertilization,leading to flattened cells in the mesocarp and thereby thinner pericarps in red fruits.Moreover,tkn3cr mutants also displayed pleiotropic phenotypes including enlarged leaves and floral organs,indicating conserved functions in meristem maintenance and leaf development.Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays further showed that TKN3 could interact with Solyc10g086640(a homolog of Arabidopsis PNY),which has a similar expression pattern as TKN3.Genome-wide identification of genes regulated by TKN3 indicated that the auxin and gibberellin(GA)pathways might mediate the function of TKN3.Our works revealed that TKN3 controls cell expansion in pericarps,and provides new insights into the roles of KNOX proteins in fruit development.
文摘This paper determined cations and anions concentrations, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), and heavy metals content in sewage sludge collected from the drying beds of wastewater treatment plant in Gaza. The aim was to test the possibility of using this sewage sludge as an alternative source of mineral fertilizers. Many instruments were used in this work: flame photometry (K, Na), EDTA titration (Ca, Mg), the turbidity method () , spectrophotometer (turbidity), ascorbic acid method (orthophosphate), titrimetric method (Cl﹣), inductive coupled plasma analyzer (ICP, heavy metals). All the processes of experiments and analyses were described clearly for reference. Results showed that concentrations of Na﹢, K﹢, Ca2﹢ and Mg2﹢ were 28.93, 2.53, 271 and 177 mg/kg respectively whereas? were 0.434, 18.59, 0.87 and 0.026 g/kg respectively. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn were 125.12, 172.56, 76.88, 218.73 and 157.56 mg/kg respectively. These results indicate that sewage sludge from Gaza contained high fractions of most plant nutrients accordingly, and it may be advantageous to use the sludge as a natural source of plant fertilizers.
