Based on analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling mechanism for brittle rock,THMC coupling indicator in terms of rock porosity was introduced to represent the influencing degree of THMC coupling fiel...Based on analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling mechanism for brittle rock,THMC coupling indicator in terms of rock porosity was introduced to represent the influencing degree of THMC coupling field on stress field in order to establish THMC coupling fracture criterion.A novel real-time measurement method of permeability(related to porosity)was proposed to determine the THMC coupling indicator,and self-designed THMC coupling tests and scanning electron microscope tests were conducted on pre-cracked red sandstone specimens to study the macroscopic and microscopic fracture mechanism.Research results show that the higher the hydraulic pressure is,the smaller the crack initiation load is and the easier the Mode I fracture occurs.Test results are in good agreement with prediction results(crack initiation load and angle,and fracture mode),which can verify the effectiveness of the newly established THMC coupling fracture criterion.This new fracture criterion can be also further extended to predict THMC coupling fracture of multi-crack problem.展开更多
Fluid flow through fractured rock masses is a key process controlling the safety and performance of deep geoengineering systems,shaped by the complex interactions of thermal,hydraulic,mechanical and chemical(THMC)fiel...Fluid flow through fractured rock masses is a key process controlling the safety and performance of deep geoengineering systems,shaped by the complex interactions of thermal,hydraulic,mechanical and chemical(THMC)fields.This paper presents a systematic review of this subject with special emphasis on the multi-physics governing it.First,we elucidate the interdependent mechanisms and governing equations,highlighting the nonlinear,path-dependent,and evolving nature of the relationship between stress and permeability.Next,mainstream modeling approaches,including equivalent continuum,discrete fracture network(DFN),and dual-porosity/dual-permeability methods,are critically evaluated,and a strategy for model selection based on project scale and geological context is proposed accordingly.Moreover,experimental insights from single-fracture and triaxial flow studies are synthesized,revealing how effective stress,shear displacement,and fracture roughness control permeability evolution.In particular,the practical significance of THMC coupling is demonstrated through case studies on nuclear waste disposal,Enhanced Geothermal Systems,and tunneling projects.The reviewfurther explores AI-and machine learning-driven innovations,particularly physics-informed neural networks and hybrid modeling,which address limitations in computational efficiency,data scarcity,and physical consistency.Finally,persistent challenges,including multi-scale coupling,parameter uncertainty,and complex fracture network representation are identified and critically discussed while paying attention to future developments.展开更多
This research examines the impact of sulphate on pore water pressure(PWP)development in cement paste backfill(CPB)containing polycarboxylate ether(PES)superplasticizers under thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical(THMC...This research examines the impact of sulphate on pore water pressure(PWP)development in cement paste backfill(CPB)containing polycarboxylate ether(PES)superplasticizers under thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical(THMC)conditions that imitate actual field curing scenarios.PWP in CPB-PES,with and without sulphate,was assessed under non-isothermal field curing temperatures,varied drainage conditions,and curing stresses using a specially experimental setup.Key findings indicate that PWP behavior in CPB with PES under field conditions diverges markedly from standard laboratory conditions due to the significant effects of field curing temperatures,drainage conditions,and backfill self-weight.The study establishes that high sulphate ion concentrations notably increase initial PWP and slow its dissipation by interfering with the cement hydration process.This interference delays hydration,reduces pore water consumption,and lowers capillary pressure.Moreover,the results show that THMC conditions,especially non-isothermal field temperatures and varied drainage scenarios,considerably accelerate cement hydration compared to standard laboratory conditions,resulting in a more rapid decrease in PWP.Furthermore,improved drainage under THMC conditions mitigates the adverse effects of sulphates by facilitating sulphate ion removal,thus supporting more efficient cement hydration and CPB self-desiccation.The insights gained from this research are essential for understanding PWP behavior in sulphate-bearing CPB-PES in the field,developing predictive THMC models for backfill performance assessment,and enhancing the safety and effectiveness of mining backfills.展开更多
Geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)involve complex interactions among Thermo-hydromechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling processes,which significantly affect storage integrity and efficiency.To address the challen...Geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)involve complex interactions among Thermo-hydromechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling processes,which significantly affect storage integrity and efficiency.To address the challenges in accurately simulating these coupled phenomena,this paper systematically reviews recent advances in the mathematical modeling and numerical solution of THMC coupling in CO_(2)geological storage.The study focuses on the derivation and structure of governing and constitutive equations,the classification and comparative performance of fully coupled,iteratively coupled,and explicitly coupled solution methods,and the modeling of dynamic changes in porosity,permeability,and fracture evolution induced by multi-field interactions.Furthermore,the paper evaluates the capabilities,application scenarios,and limitations of major simulation platforms,including TOUGH,CMG-GEM,and COMSOL.By establishing a comparative framework integrating model formulations and solver strategies,this work clarifies the strengths and gaps of current approaches and contributes to the development of robust,scalable,and mechanism-oriented numerical models for long-term prediction of CO_(2)behavior in geological formations.展开更多
Disposal of spent nuclear fuel and long lived radioactive waste in deep clay geological formations is one of the promising options worldwide. In this concept of the geological disposal system, the host clay formation ...Disposal of spent nuclear fuel and long lived radioactive waste in deep clay geological formations is one of the promising options worldwide. In this concept of the geological disposal system, the host clay formation is considered as a principal barrier on which the fulfillment of key safety functions rests. Between 2006 and 2010, the European Commission project TIMODAZ, which gathered 15 partners from 8 countries, has investigated the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical （THM） effects on clay formations for geological disposal of radioactive waste, and specific attention was paid to investigating the thermal effect on the evolution of the damaged zone （DZ）. Three types of potential host clay formations were investigated： the Boom Clay （Belgium）, the Opalinus Clay （Switzerland） and the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite （France）. Intensive experimental （laboratory and in situ in underground research laboratories） and numerical studies have been performed. Multi-scale approach was used in the course of the project. High degree of similarities between the failure modes, sealing process, stress paths, deformation, etc., observed in laboratories and in situ has been obtained, which increased the confidence in the applicability of laboratory test results and up-scaling perspective. The results of the laboratory and in situ tests obtained allowed the parameters for numerical models at various scales to be derived and provided the basis for the simplified performance assessment models that are used to assess the long-term safety of a repository. The good cooperation between the numerical modeler and experimenters has allowed an in-depth analysis of the experimental results and thus better understanding the underlying processes, and consequently increased the capabilities to model the THM effects in claystones. This paper presents the main achievements obtained by TIMODAZ project and shows how a European scientific community investigates a problem of concern in a collaborative way and how the obtained main results are applied to the performance assessment of a geological repository.展开更多
A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical（THMC） formulation is described in this paper.Special attention is paid to phenomena likely to be encountered in clay barriers used as engineered barriers in the disposal...A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical（THMC） formulation is described in this paper.Special attention is paid to phenomena likely to be encountered in clay barriers used as engineered barriers in the disposal of nuclear radioactive waste.The types of processes considered in the chemical formulation include hydrolysis,complex formation,oxidation/reduction reactions,acid/base reactions,precipitation/dissolution of minerals and cation exchange.Both kinetics-and equilibrium-controlled reactions are incorporated.The formulation is implemented in a numerical code.An application is presented concerning the performance of a large-scale in-situ heating test simulating high-level radioactive waste repository conditions.展开更多
基金The authors are grateful for the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51474251,51874351)the Excellent Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Project of Hunan Province,China(No.2020RC2001).
文摘Based on analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling mechanism for brittle rock,THMC coupling indicator in terms of rock porosity was introduced to represent the influencing degree of THMC coupling field on stress field in order to establish THMC coupling fracture criterion.A novel real-time measurement method of permeability(related to porosity)was proposed to determine the THMC coupling indicator,and self-designed THMC coupling tests and scanning electron microscope tests were conducted on pre-cracked red sandstone specimens to study the macroscopic and microscopic fracture mechanism.Research results show that the higher the hydraulic pressure is,the smaller the crack initiation load is and the easier the Mode I fracture occurs.Test results are in good agreement with prediction results(crack initiation load and angle,and fracture mode),which can verify the effectiveness of the newly established THMC coupling fracture criterion.This new fracture criterion can be also further extended to predict THMC coupling fracture of multi-crack problem.
文摘Fluid flow through fractured rock masses is a key process controlling the safety and performance of deep geoengineering systems,shaped by the complex interactions of thermal,hydraulic,mechanical and chemical(THMC)fields.This paper presents a systematic review of this subject with special emphasis on the multi-physics governing it.First,we elucidate the interdependent mechanisms and governing equations,highlighting the nonlinear,path-dependent,and evolving nature of the relationship between stress and permeability.Next,mainstream modeling approaches,including equivalent continuum,discrete fracture network(DFN),and dual-porosity/dual-permeability methods,are critically evaluated,and a strategy for model selection based on project scale and geological context is proposed accordingly.Moreover,experimental insights from single-fracture and triaxial flow studies are synthesized,revealing how effective stress,shear displacement,and fracture roughness control permeability evolution.In particular,the practical significance of THMC coupling is demonstrated through case studies on nuclear waste disposal,Enhanced Geothermal Systems,and tunneling projects.The reviewfurther explores AI-and machine learning-driven innovations,particularly physics-informed neural networks and hybrid modeling,which address limitations in computational efficiency,data scarcity,and physical consistency.Finally,persistent challenges,including multi-scale coupling,parameter uncertainty,and complex fracture network representation are identified and critically discussed while paying attention to future developments.
文摘This research examines the impact of sulphate on pore water pressure(PWP)development in cement paste backfill(CPB)containing polycarboxylate ether(PES)superplasticizers under thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical(THMC)conditions that imitate actual field curing scenarios.PWP in CPB-PES,with and without sulphate,was assessed under non-isothermal field curing temperatures,varied drainage conditions,and curing stresses using a specially experimental setup.Key findings indicate that PWP behavior in CPB with PES under field conditions diverges markedly from standard laboratory conditions due to the significant effects of field curing temperatures,drainage conditions,and backfill self-weight.The study establishes that high sulphate ion concentrations notably increase initial PWP and slow its dissipation by interfering with the cement hydration process.This interference delays hydration,reduces pore water consumption,and lowers capillary pressure.Moreover,the results show that THMC conditions,especially non-isothermal field temperatures and varied drainage scenarios,considerably accelerate cement hydration compared to standard laboratory conditions,resulting in a more rapid decrease in PWP.Furthermore,improved drainage under THMC conditions mitigates the adverse effects of sulphates by facilitating sulphate ion removal,thus supporting more efficient cement hydration and CPB self-desiccation.The insights gained from this research are essential for understanding PWP behavior in sulphate-bearing CPB-PES in the field,developing predictive THMC models for backfill performance assessment,and enhancing the safety and effectiveness of mining backfills.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52179112)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University)(No.PLN2023-02)。
文摘Geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)involve complex interactions among Thermo-hydromechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling processes,which significantly affect storage integrity and efficiency.To address the challenges in accurately simulating these coupled phenomena,this paper systematically reviews recent advances in the mathematical modeling and numerical solution of THMC coupling in CO_(2)geological storage.The study focuses on the derivation and structure of governing and constitutive equations,the classification and comparative performance of fully coupled,iteratively coupled,and explicitly coupled solution methods,and the modeling of dynamic changes in porosity,permeability,and fracture evolution induced by multi-field interactions.Furthermore,the paper evaluates the capabilities,application scenarios,and limitations of major simulation platforms,including TOUGH,CMG-GEM,and COMSOL.By establishing a comparative framework integrating model formulations and solver strategies,this work clarifies the strengths and gaps of current approaches and contributes to the development of robust,scalable,and mechanism-oriented numerical models for long-term prediction of CO_(2)behavior in geological formations.
基金funded by the European Commission through the TIMODAZ project within the 6th framework programme (Contract Number: FI6W-CT-2007-036449)
文摘Disposal of spent nuclear fuel and long lived radioactive waste in deep clay geological formations is one of the promising options worldwide. In this concept of the geological disposal system, the host clay formation is considered as a principal barrier on which the fulfillment of key safety functions rests. Between 2006 and 2010, the European Commission project TIMODAZ, which gathered 15 partners from 8 countries, has investigated the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical （THM） effects on clay formations for geological disposal of radioactive waste, and specific attention was paid to investigating the thermal effect on the evolution of the damaged zone （DZ）. Three types of potential host clay formations were investigated： the Boom Clay （Belgium）, the Opalinus Clay （Switzerland） and the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite （France）. Intensive experimental （laboratory and in situ in underground research laboratories） and numerical studies have been performed. Multi-scale approach was used in the course of the project. High degree of similarities between the failure modes, sealing process, stress paths, deformation, etc., observed in laboratories and in situ has been obtained, which increased the confidence in the applicability of laboratory test results and up-scaling perspective. The results of the laboratory and in situ tests obtained allowed the parameters for numerical models at various scales to be derived and provided the basis for the simplified performance assessment models that are used to assess the long-term safety of a repository. The good cooperation between the numerical modeler and experimenters has allowed an in-depth analysis of the experimental results and thus better understanding the underlying processes, and consequently increased the capabilities to model the THM effects in claystones. This paper presents the main achievements obtained by TIMODAZ project and shows how a European scientific community investigates a problem of concern in a collaborative way and how the obtained main results are applied to the performance assessment of a geological repository.
基金supported by ENRESA and the European Commissionsupport given by CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientíco e Tecnológico)and the assistance of the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain through research grant(BIA2008-06537)
文摘A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical（THMC） formulation is described in this paper.Special attention is paid to phenomena likely to be encountered in clay barriers used as engineered barriers in the disposal of nuclear radioactive waste.The types of processes considered in the chemical formulation include hydrolysis,complex formation,oxidation/reduction reactions,acid/base reactions,precipitation/dissolution of minerals and cation exchange.Both kinetics-and equilibrium-controlled reactions are incorporated.The formulation is implemented in a numerical code.An application is presented concerning the performance of a large-scale in-situ heating test simulating high-level radioactive waste repository conditions.
