This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each...This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each set of trials contained a control(de-chlorinated tap water),and the experiments were repeated three times.The fish(n=10)were randomly measured with an average length of(3.4±0.34)cm and weight of(1±0.1)g.The temperature was kept at 24℃.Experiments 1 and 2 were designed to investigate at the acute toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on juvenile zebrafish(Danio rerio)respectively,whereas experiment 3 was aimed at the combined toxicity of IMI and THM on zebrafish.The tests followed the same study design,and each experiment used seven different logarithmic concentrations of imidacloprid insecticides(310.00,317.08,324.33,331.74,339.32,347.07,355.00 mg/L)and thiamethoxam(175.00,185.52,200.93,215.30,230.70,247.20,264.88 mg/L).The results show that THM is more toxic than IMI,with LC_(50)values of 190.34 mg/L for THM and 310.92 mg/L for IMI.Both individual toxicities showed a substantial positive connection(P<0.05)with confidence limits of 321.50-300.68 mg/L for IMI and 199.91-181.21 mg/L for THM.The joint toxicity test was carried out using the 96-h LC_(50)values of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam obtained in the individual acute toxicity trials at a 1:1 ratio.The Additive Index(AI)demonstrated that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam acted synergistically on D.rerio.As a matter of fact,more research is needed to better understand the impact of IMI and THM on other aquatic organisms and also create strategies to mitigate its harmful effects on aquatic life.展开更多
The prevention and control effect of 35% thiamethoxam-prochloraz FS to rice thrips and rice bakanae disease and its influence on the quality of rice seedlings were studied. The results show that when 100 kg of rice se...The prevention and control effect of 35% thiamethoxam-prochloraz FS to rice thrips and rice bakanae disease and its influence on the quality of rice seedlings were studied. The results show that when 100 kg of rice seeds were coated with 200 g of 35% thiamethoxam-prochloraz FS,the control effects to rice thrips were 93.0% and 84.7% 15 and 20 days after sowing, and the control effect to rice bakanae disease was 90.8% 30 days after sowing. As 100 kg of rice seeds were coated with 250 g of 35% thiamethoxam-prochloraz FS, the control effects to rice thrips were 98.2% and 94.9% 15 and 20 days after sowing, and the control ef- fect to rice bakanae disease was 94.6% 30 days after sowing. 35% thiamethoxam- prochloraz FS is safe to rice seedlings and can effectively promote the growth of rice seedlings.展开更多
Seed treatments with the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were evaluated to determine whether the chemicals at effective concentrations for aphid control would influence the germination and ear...Seed treatments with the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were evaluated to determine whether the chemicals at effective concentrations for aphid control would influence the germination and early growth of oilseed rape,Brassica napus.Treatment with imidacloprid or thiamethoxam did not affect the cumulative germination rate,but significantly inhibited establishment potential by suppressing root system development in the cotyledon stage.However,these alterations in seedling development in the thiamethoxam-treated seeds appeared not to be detrimental as leaves developed;in contrast,for the seedlings with imidacloprid as seed treatment agent,a significantly decreased shoot/root ratio was still evident at the late two-leaf stage.After two leaves developed,chlorophyll content per leaf in the thiamethoxam treatment was significantly higher than that of the control,while chlorophyll content per leaf in the imidacloprid treatment remained close to that in the control.Most other parameters,i.e.,height,leaf area,weight of stem,leaf or root,and other growth indexes,between the treatments and the control showed no significant difference.Additionally,it was found that storage time of the treated seeds had a significant effect on cumulative germination rate.Treatment 30 d before planting significantly reduced germination relative to that of the control.All of the plants treated with neonicotinoids were shown to have significant anti-aphid characteristics that persisted until the end of the trial.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to provide scientific basis for popularization and application of 70% Thiamethoxam ZF. [Method] 70% Thiamethoxam ZF was selected and applied in the soil for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera ...[Objective] The paper was to provide scientific basis for popularization and application of 70% Thiamethoxam ZF. [Method] 70% Thiamethoxam ZF was selected and applied in the soil for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner and Baliathrips serratus Kobus. [ Result ] 70% Thiamethoxam ZF had good con-rol effect against C. lanigera and B. serratus. The optimum dosage of 70% Thiamethoxam ZF was 450 g/hm^2 （effective ingredients 315 g）. 70% Thiamethoxam ZF （ dosage per hm^2 ） mixed with the regular fertilizer （ dosage per hm^2 ） should be applied together in sugarcane planting and management from February to June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus were above 98.4% and 82.9% respectively. The actual yield and sugar content were increased by more than 34 290 kg/hm^2 and 6.8% respectively compared to blank control. [ Conclusion] 70% Thiamethoxam ZF was a new ideal pesticide with characteristics of sustained- release, long-lasting and low-toxic for controlling C. lanigera and B. serratus, and should be applied widely in the sugarcane planting area.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to verify the field efficacy of 1%bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR replacing organophosphorus GR against sweet potato weevil and its impact on the yield and quality of sweet potato.[Methods]A ...[Objectives]The paper was to verify the field efficacy of 1%bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR replacing organophosphorus GR against sweet potato weevil and its impact on the yield and quality of sweet potato.[Methods]A total of 4 field trials were conducted in Guangdong Province,including 1%bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR applied at the doses of 3,4 and 5 kg/667 m^(2),and 3%phoxim GR applied at the dose of 4 kg/667 m^(2).[Results]1%Bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR applied at the dose of 5 kg/667 m^(2)had excellent control effects on sweet potato weevil,with an average control effect of 77.60%,which was significantly higher than that of 3%phoxim GR applied at the dose of 4 kg/667 m^(2)(48.52%).And the average yield increase rate of sweet potato treated with 1%bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR reached 24.79%,significantly higher than 12.37%in the control group.[Conclusions]1%Bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR should be evenly distributed on the ridge surface near sweet potato within 5-7 d after planting,and the recommended dosage is 5 kg/667 m^(2),which will have good control effect on sweet potato weevil and increase the yield of sweet potato.展开更多
The linearity, stability, accuracy and inter-day precisions of the assay method were evaluated in water, soil and rhizomes and leaves of Hedychium coronarium of the Zingiberaceae family. Mato Grosso do Sul is a predom...The linearity, stability, accuracy and inter-day precisions of the assay method were evaluated in water, soil and rhizomes and leaves of Hedychium coronarium of the Zingiberaceae family. Mato Grosso do Sul is a predominantly agricultural state in Brazil and has many rivers and permanent and seasonal lakes, in which the Hedychium coronarium, an aquatic plant, is found the swampy environments. The prepared samples were analyzed quantitatively by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with PDA and UV detection for the presence of thiamethoxam. The thiamethoxam was recovered from these samples at rates ranging from 81.16% - 99.93%. The coefficient of variation in the quantitative analysis of the thiamethoxam was under 5%. The linearity of the method was determined by linear regression. The analysis of the samples spiked with known amounts of analyte demonstrated that the response was proportional to the concentrations of the samples with determination coefficients of r2 = 0.9992 (water and soil) and r2 = 0.9990 (leaves and rhizomes) for the linear range of the analytical calibration curves of the samples. The detection limit was 0.36 μg.L-1 and quantification limit was 1.2 μg.L-1 for thiamethoxam. The method was considered sensitive for quantification of the thiamethoxam in water, soil and rhizomes and leaves of Hedychium coronarium.展开更多
Thiamethoxam(THM)is one of the most widely used insecticides globally,which was designed to selectively target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)in the insect nervous system and is generally considered safe for...Thiamethoxam(THM)is one of the most widely used insecticides globally,which was designed to selectively target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)in the insect nervous system and is generally considered safe for non-targeted organisms.However,increasing evidence has demonstrated its neurotoxicity in aquatic organisms,though the underlying mechanisms,especially at environmentally relevant concentrations,remain largely unclear.In this study,the swimming distance of zebrafish was significantly shortened by 14.06%-21.64% after exposure to THM at 10-1000 ng/L.This behavioral impairment may result from the damage to nervous and visual systems,as confirmed by notable apoptosis,histological analysis of the eyes,and differential expression of numerous genes.Molecular docking and biomarkers assays found that THM can bind with nAChR and multiple hormone receptors,with binding energies varying from -3.75 to -6.74 kcal/mol.Consequently,the concentrations of a neurotransmitter(acetylcholine)and related hormones(cortisol,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,and thyroid-stimulating hormone)were significantly affected.Further investigations using a weighted gene correlation network and metabolomics suggest that THM may enter the cell via endocytosis and bind with multiple hormone receptors,potentially activating the MAPK signaling pathway.This activation may disrupt purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the cell nucleus,ultimately leading to cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity.This study reveals that THM,even at environmentally relevant concentrations,poses neurological risks to zebrafish and underscores the need for urgent attention to the ecological impacts of THM in aquatic environments.展开更多
Neonicotinoid insecticides(NNIs),including thiamethoxam(TMX),clothianidin,and imidacloprid,are widely used in agriculture to control pests.Consequently,they have been frequently detected in wastewater,posing significa...Neonicotinoid insecticides(NNIs),including thiamethoxam(TMX),clothianidin,and imidacloprid,are widely used in agriculture to control pests.Consequently,they have been frequently detected in wastewater,posing significant ecotoxicological risks.Conventional ozonation is widely applied for NNI removal but is limited by low mineralization efficiency and high effluent toxicity.However,the mechanisms of the performance limitations and increased toxicity remain unclear,hindering the effective application of ozonation in wastewater treatment.This study constructed a novel micro-nano-bubble ozonation(MNB-O_(3))system,which enhanced the degradation rate of TMX,a representative NNI,by 34.7%and the mineralization efficiency by 176.5%,compared to conventional bubble ozonation(CB-O_(3)).MNB-O_(3)also significantly reduced both acute toxicity and neurotoxicity in the ozonated effluents,addressing the issue of high toxicity associated with CB-O_(3).Mechanistically,the formation of hydroxyl radicals(·OH)and singlet oxygen(1O_(2))increased substantially and was identified as the primary contributor to TMX degradation.Transformation product(TP)analysis revealed that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the key contributors to effluent toxicity,both accumulating in the CB-O_(3)effluent.In contrast,MNB-O_(3)achieved significant reductions in formaldehyde(87.4%)and acetaldehyde(34.6%)concentrations,substantially lowering effluent toxicity.Furthermore,a large-scale MNB-O_(3)application demonstrated excellent performance in removing NNIs and reducing toxicity.This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying toxicity reduction in MNB-O_(3)and highlights its potential for low-carbon wastewater treatment.By addressing the limitations of CB-O_(3)and reducing the NNIs-related environmental risks,MNB-O_(3)represents a promising advancement in the field of wastewater treatment.展开更多
Nano-delivery systems have been applied to deliver various synthetic/botanical pesticides to increase the efficiency of pesticide use and reduce the volumes of pesticides applied.Previous studies have supported the hy...Nano-delivery systems have been applied to deliver various synthetic/botanical pesticides to increase the efficiency of pesticide use and reduce the volumes of pesticides applied.Previous studies have supported the hypothesis that the nanocarriers can help expand the insecticidal target of pesticides to include non-target pests.However,the potential mechanism underlying this interesting phenomenon remains unclear.Herein,a widely applied star polycation(SPc)nanocarrier was synthesized to construct a thiamethoxam(TMX)nano-delivery system.The SPc-based delivery system could promote the translocation of exogenous substances across the membrane of Sf9 cells,increase the cytotoxicity of TMX against Sf9 cells by nearly 20%,and expand the insecticidal target of TMX to include Spodoptera frugiperda(the fall armyworm),with a 27.5%mortality increase at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL.Moreover,the RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that the SPc could upregulate various transport-related genes,such as Rab,SORT1,CYTH,and PIKfive,for the enhanced cellular uptake of TMX.Furthermore,enhanced cell death in larvae treated with the TMX-SPc complex was observed through changes in the expression levels of death-related genes,such as Casp7,BIRC5,MSK1,and PGAM5.The SPc-based nano-delivery system improved the cellular uptake of TMX and expanded its insecticidal target by adjusting the expression levels of death-related genes.The current study mainly identified the transport and cell death genes related to nanocarrier-based insecticidal target expansion,which is beneficial for understanding the bioactivity enhancement of the nano-delivery system.展开更多
基金Supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2025XT0902)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46).
文摘This study attempted to assess the lethal concentration(96-h LC_(50))effects of imidacloprid(neonicotinoid pesticide),thiamethoxam(neonicotinoid pesticide),and their combination on juvenile Zebrafish(Danio rerio).Each set of trials contained a control(de-chlorinated tap water),and the experiments were repeated three times.The fish(n=10)were randomly measured with an average length of(3.4±0.34)cm and weight of(1±0.1)g.The temperature was kept at 24℃.Experiments 1 and 2 were designed to investigate at the acute toxicity of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on juvenile zebrafish(Danio rerio)respectively,whereas experiment 3 was aimed at the combined toxicity of IMI and THM on zebrafish.The tests followed the same study design,and each experiment used seven different logarithmic concentrations of imidacloprid insecticides(310.00,317.08,324.33,331.74,339.32,347.07,355.00 mg/L)and thiamethoxam(175.00,185.52,200.93,215.30,230.70,247.20,264.88 mg/L).The results show that THM is more toxic than IMI,with LC_(50)values of 190.34 mg/L for THM and 310.92 mg/L for IMI.Both individual toxicities showed a substantial positive connection(P<0.05)with confidence limits of 321.50-300.68 mg/L for IMI and 199.91-181.21 mg/L for THM.The joint toxicity test was carried out using the 96-h LC_(50)values of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam obtained in the individual acute toxicity trials at a 1:1 ratio.The Additive Index(AI)demonstrated that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam acted synergistically on D.rerio.As a matter of fact,more research is needed to better understand the impact of IMI and THM on other aquatic organisms and also create strategies to mitigate its harmful effects on aquatic life.
基金Supported by the Guiding Plan for Agricultural Science and Technology of Yancheng City(YKN2013018)~~
文摘The prevention and control effect of 35% thiamethoxam-prochloraz FS to rice thrips and rice bakanae disease and its influence on the quality of rice seedlings were studied. The results show that when 100 kg of rice seeds were coated with 200 g of 35% thiamethoxam-prochloraz FS,the control effects to rice thrips were 93.0% and 84.7% 15 and 20 days after sowing, and the control effect to rice bakanae disease was 90.8% 30 days after sowing. As 100 kg of rice seeds were coated with 250 g of 35% thiamethoxam-prochloraz FS, the control effects to rice thrips were 98.2% and 94.9% 15 and 20 days after sowing, and the control ef- fect to rice bakanae disease was 94.6% 30 days after sowing. 35% thiamethoxam- prochloraz FS is safe to rice seedlings and can effectively promote the growth of rice seedlings.
基金supported by the National Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research of Public Interests of China(201303030)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(1408085MKL65)
文摘Seed treatments with the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were evaluated to determine whether the chemicals at effective concentrations for aphid control would influence the germination and early growth of oilseed rape,Brassica napus.Treatment with imidacloprid or thiamethoxam did not affect the cumulative germination rate,but significantly inhibited establishment potential by suppressing root system development in the cotyledon stage.However,these alterations in seedling development in the thiamethoxam-treated seeds appeared not to be detrimental as leaves developed;in contrast,for the seedlings with imidacloprid as seed treatment agent,a significantly decreased shoot/root ratio was still evident at the late two-leaf stage.After two leaves developed,chlorophyll content per leaf in the thiamethoxam treatment was significantly higher than that of the control,while chlorophyll content per leaf in the imidacloprid treatment remained close to that in the control.Most other parameters,i.e.,height,leaf area,weight of stem,leaf or root,and other growth indexes,between the treatments and the control showed no significant difference.Additionally,it was found that storage time of the treated seeds had a significant effect on cumulative germination rate.Treatment 30 d before planting significantly reduced germination relative to that of the control.All of the plants treated with neonicotinoids were shown to have significant anti-aphid characteristics that persisted until the end of the trial.
基金Supported by Special Fund for China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-20-2-2)Special Fund for Agricultural Industry Research System of Yunnan Province(YNGZTX-4-92)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to provide scientific basis for popularization and application of 70% Thiamethoxam ZF. [Method] 70% Thiamethoxam ZF was selected and applied in the soil for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner and Baliathrips serratus Kobus. [ Result ] 70% Thiamethoxam ZF had good con-rol effect against C. lanigera and B. serratus. The optimum dosage of 70% Thiamethoxam ZF was 450 g/hm^2 （effective ingredients 315 g）. 70% Thiamethoxam ZF （ dosage per hm^2 ） mixed with the regular fertilizer （ dosage per hm^2 ） should be applied together in sugarcane planting and management from February to June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus were above 98.4% and 82.9% respectively. The actual yield and sugar content were increased by more than 34 290 kg/hm^2 and 6.8% respectively compared to blank control. [ Conclusion] 70% Thiamethoxam ZF was a new ideal pesticide with characteristics of sustained- release, long-lasting and low-toxic for controlling C. lanigera and B. serratus, and should be applied widely in the sugarcane planting area.
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to verify the field efficacy of 1%bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR replacing organophosphorus GR against sweet potato weevil and its impact on the yield and quality of sweet potato.[Methods]A total of 4 field trials were conducted in Guangdong Province,including 1%bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR applied at the doses of 3,4 and 5 kg/667 m^(2),and 3%phoxim GR applied at the dose of 4 kg/667 m^(2).[Results]1%Bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR applied at the dose of 5 kg/667 m^(2)had excellent control effects on sweet potato weevil,with an average control effect of 77.60%,which was significantly higher than that of 3%phoxim GR applied at the dose of 4 kg/667 m^(2)(48.52%).And the average yield increase rate of sweet potato treated with 1%bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR reached 24.79%,significantly higher than 12.37%in the control group.[Conclusions]1%Bifenthrin·thiamethoxam GR should be evenly distributed on the ridge surface near sweet potato within 5-7 d after planting,and the recommended dosage is 5 kg/667 m^(2),which will have good control effect on sweet potato weevil and increase the yield of sweet potato.
文摘The linearity, stability, accuracy and inter-day precisions of the assay method were evaluated in water, soil and rhizomes and leaves of Hedychium coronarium of the Zingiberaceae family. Mato Grosso do Sul is a predominantly agricultural state in Brazil and has many rivers and permanent and seasonal lakes, in which the Hedychium coronarium, an aquatic plant, is found the swampy environments. The prepared samples were analyzed quantitatively by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with PDA and UV detection for the presence of thiamethoxam. The thiamethoxam was recovered from these samples at rates ranging from 81.16% - 99.93%. The coefficient of variation in the quantitative analysis of the thiamethoxam was under 5%. The linearity of the method was determined by linear regression. The analysis of the samples spiked with known amounts of analyte demonstrated that the response was proportional to the concentrations of the samples with determination coefficients of r2 = 0.9992 (water and soil) and r2 = 0.9990 (leaves and rhizomes) for the linear range of the analytical calibration curves of the samples. The detection limit was 0.36 μg.L-1 and quantification limit was 1.2 μg.L-1 for thiamethoxam. The method was considered sensitive for quantification of the thiamethoxam in water, soil and rhizomes and leaves of Hedychium coronarium.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20211509)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0100900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52370013 and 22376099).
文摘Thiamethoxam(THM)is one of the most widely used insecticides globally,which was designed to selectively target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs)in the insect nervous system and is generally considered safe for non-targeted organisms.However,increasing evidence has demonstrated its neurotoxicity in aquatic organisms,though the underlying mechanisms,especially at environmentally relevant concentrations,remain largely unclear.In this study,the swimming distance of zebrafish was significantly shortened by 14.06%-21.64% after exposure to THM at 10-1000 ng/L.This behavioral impairment may result from the damage to nervous and visual systems,as confirmed by notable apoptosis,histological analysis of the eyes,and differential expression of numerous genes.Molecular docking and biomarkers assays found that THM can bind with nAChR and multiple hormone receptors,with binding energies varying from -3.75 to -6.74 kcal/mol.Consequently,the concentrations of a neurotransmitter(acetylcholine)and related hormones(cortisol,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,and thyroid-stimulating hormone)were significantly affected.Further investigations using a weighted gene correlation network and metabolomics suggest that THM may enter the cell via endocytosis and bind with multiple hormone receptors,potentially activating the MAPK signaling pathway.This activation may disrupt purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the cell nucleus,ultimately leading to cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity.This study reveals that THM,even at environmentally relevant concentrations,poses neurological risks to zebrafish and underscores the need for urgent attention to the ecological impacts of THM in aquatic environments.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42227806)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241241)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M761399)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20240680)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2024ZB295).
文摘Neonicotinoid insecticides(NNIs),including thiamethoxam(TMX),clothianidin,and imidacloprid,are widely used in agriculture to control pests.Consequently,they have been frequently detected in wastewater,posing significant ecotoxicological risks.Conventional ozonation is widely applied for NNI removal but is limited by low mineralization efficiency and high effluent toxicity.However,the mechanisms of the performance limitations and increased toxicity remain unclear,hindering the effective application of ozonation in wastewater treatment.This study constructed a novel micro-nano-bubble ozonation(MNB-O_(3))system,which enhanced the degradation rate of TMX,a representative NNI,by 34.7%and the mineralization efficiency by 176.5%,compared to conventional bubble ozonation(CB-O_(3)).MNB-O_(3)also significantly reduced both acute toxicity and neurotoxicity in the ozonated effluents,addressing the issue of high toxicity associated with CB-O_(3).Mechanistically,the formation of hydroxyl radicals(·OH)and singlet oxygen(1O_(2))increased substantially and was identified as the primary contributor to TMX degradation.Transformation product(TP)analysis revealed that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the key contributors to effluent toxicity,both accumulating in the CB-O_(3)effluent.In contrast,MNB-O_(3)achieved significant reductions in formaldehyde(87.4%)and acetaldehyde(34.6%)concentrations,substantially lowering effluent toxicity.Furthermore,a large-scale MNB-O_(3)application demonstrated excellent performance in removing NNIs and reducing toxicity.This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying toxicity reduction in MNB-O_(3)and highlights its potential for low-carbon wastewater treatment.By addressing the limitations of CB-O_(3)and reducing the NNIs-related environmental risks,MNB-O_(3)represents a promising advancement in the field of wastewater treatment.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2600404)the National Science Foundation of China(32072497).
文摘Nano-delivery systems have been applied to deliver various synthetic/botanical pesticides to increase the efficiency of pesticide use and reduce the volumes of pesticides applied.Previous studies have supported the hypothesis that the nanocarriers can help expand the insecticidal target of pesticides to include non-target pests.However,the potential mechanism underlying this interesting phenomenon remains unclear.Herein,a widely applied star polycation(SPc)nanocarrier was synthesized to construct a thiamethoxam(TMX)nano-delivery system.The SPc-based delivery system could promote the translocation of exogenous substances across the membrane of Sf9 cells,increase the cytotoxicity of TMX against Sf9 cells by nearly 20%,and expand the insecticidal target of TMX to include Spodoptera frugiperda(the fall armyworm),with a 27.5%mortality increase at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL.Moreover,the RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that the SPc could upregulate various transport-related genes,such as Rab,SORT1,CYTH,and PIKfive,for the enhanced cellular uptake of TMX.Furthermore,enhanced cell death in larvae treated with the TMX-SPc complex was observed through changes in the expression levels of death-related genes,such as Casp7,BIRC5,MSK1,and PGAM5.The SPc-based nano-delivery system improved the cellular uptake of TMX and expanded its insecticidal target by adjusting the expression levels of death-related genes.The current study mainly identified the transport and cell death genes related to nanocarrier-based insecticidal target expansion,which is beneficial for understanding the bioactivity enhancement of the nano-delivery system.
