The tribological properties and thermal-stress behaviors of C/C-SiC composites during braking were investigated aiming to simulate braking tests of high-speed trains. The temperature and structural fields of C/C-SiC c...The tribological properties and thermal-stress behaviors of C/C-SiC composites during braking were investigated aiming to simulate braking tests of high-speed trains. The temperature and structural fields of C/C-SiC composites during braking were fully coupled and simulated with ANSYS software. The results of tribological tests indicated that the C/C-SiC composites showed excellent static friction coefficient (0.68) and dynamic friction coefficient (average value of 0.36). The highest temperature on friction surface was 445℃. The simulated temperature field showed that the highest temperature which appeared on the friction surface during braking was about 463℃. Analysis regarding thermal-stress field showed that the highest thermal-stress on friction surface was 11.5 MPa. The temperature and thermal-stress distributions on friction surface during braking showed the same tendency.展开更多
High-speed laser cladding technology, a kind of surface technology to improve the wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance of mechanical parts, has the characterizations of fast scan speed, high powder utilization rat...High-speed laser cladding technology, a kind of surface technology to improve the wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance of mechanical parts, has the characterizations of fast scan speed, high powder utilization rate, and high cladding efficiency. However, its thermal-stress evolution process is very complex, which has a great influence on the residual stress and deformation. In the paper, the numerical models for the high-speed laser cladding coatings with overlap ratios of 10%,30%, and 50% are developed to investigate the influence rules of overlap ratio on the thermal-stress evolution, as well as the residual stresses and deformations. Results show that the heat accumulation can reheat and preheat the adjacent track coating and substrate, resulting in stress release of the previous track coating and decreased longitudinal stress peak of the next track coating. With the overlap ratio increasing, the heat accumulation and the corresponding maximum residual stress position tend to locate in the center of the cladding coating, where the coating has a high crack susceptibility. For a small overlap ratio of 10%, there are abrupt stress changes from tensile stress to compressive stress at the lap joint, due to insufficient input energy in the position. Increasing the overlap ratio can alleviate the abrupt stress change and reduce the residual deformation but increase the average residual stress and enlarge the hardening depth. This study reveals the mechanism of thermal-stress evolution, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the coating quality.展开更多
The paper deals with analytical models of the elastic energy gradient Wsq representing an energy barrier. The energy barrier is a surface integral of the elastic energy density Wq. The elastic energy density is induce...The paper deals with analytical models of the elastic energy gradient Wsq representing an energy barrier. The energy barrier is a surface integral of the elastic energy density Wq. The elastic energy density is induced by thermal stresses acting in an isotropic spherical particle （q = p） with the radius R and in a cubic cell of an isotropic matrix （q = m）. The spherical particle and the matrix are components of a multi-particle-matrix system representing a model system applicable to a real two-component material of a precipitation-matrix type. The multi-particle-matrix system thus consists of periodically distributed isotropic spherical particles and an isotropic infinite matrix. The infinite matrix is imaginarily divided into identical cubic cells with a central spherical particle in each of the cubic cells. The dimension d of the cubic cell then corresponds to an inter-particle distance. The parameters R, d along with the particle volume fraction v = v（R, d） as a function of R, d represent micro- structural characteristics of a real two-component material. The thermal stresses are investigated within the cubic cell, and accordingly are functions of the microstructural charac- teristics. The thermal stresses originate during a cooling pro- cess as a consequence of the difference am - ap in thermal expansion coefficients between the matrix and the particle, am and ap, respectively. The energy barrier Wsq is used for the determination of the thermal-stress induced strengthening aq. The strengthening represents resistance against com- pressive or tensile mechanical loading for am - ap 〉 0 or am - ap 〈 0. respectively.展开更多
The paper deals with analytical fracture mechanics to consider elastic thermal stresses acting in an isotropic multi-particle-matrix system. The multi-particle-matrix system consists of periodically distributed spheri...The paper deals with analytical fracture mechanics to consider elastic thermal stresses acting in an isotropic multi-particle-matrix system. The multi-particle-matrix system consists of periodically distributed spherical particles in an infinite matrix. The thermal stresses originate during a cooling process as a consequence of the difference αm - αp in thermal expansion coefficients between the matrix and the particle, αm and αp, respectively. The multi-particle-matrix system thus represents a model system applicable to a real two-component material of a precipitation-matrix type. The infinite matrix is imaginarily divided into identical cubic cells. Each of the cubic cells with the dimension d contains a central spherical particle with the radius R, where d thus corresponds to inter-particle distance. The parameters R, d along with the particle volume fraction v = v（R, d） as a function of R, d represent microstructural characteristics of a twocomponent material. The thermal stresses are investigated within the cubic cell, and accordingly are functions of the microstructural characteristics. The analytical fracture mechanics includes an analytical analysis of the crack initiation and consequently the crack propagation both considered for the spherical particle （q = p） and the cell matrix （q = m）. The analytical analysis is based on the determination of the curve integral Wcq of the thermal-stress induced elastic energy density Wq. The crack initiation is represented by the determination of the critical particle radius Rqc = Rqc（V）. Formulae for Rqc are valid for any two-component mate- rial of a precipitate-matrix type. The crack propagation for R 〉 Rqc is represented by the determination of the function fq describing a shape of the crack in a plane perpendicular展开更多
基金Project(51575536)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016YFB0301403)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2017zzts435)supported by Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University,China
文摘The tribological properties and thermal-stress behaviors of C/C-SiC composites during braking were investigated aiming to simulate braking tests of high-speed trains. The temperature and structural fields of C/C-SiC composites during braking were fully coupled and simulated with ANSYS software. The results of tribological tests indicated that the C/C-SiC composites showed excellent static friction coefficient (0.68) and dynamic friction coefficient (average value of 0.36). The highest temperature on friction surface was 445℃. The simulated temperature field showed that the highest temperature which appeared on the friction surface during braking was about 463℃. Analysis regarding thermal-stress field showed that the highest thermal-stress on friction surface was 11.5 MPa. The temperature and thermal-stress distributions on friction surface during braking showed the same tendency.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC0810500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975042)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.FRF-TP-19-004A3)。
文摘High-speed laser cladding technology, a kind of surface technology to improve the wear-resistance and corrosion-resistance of mechanical parts, has the characterizations of fast scan speed, high powder utilization rate, and high cladding efficiency. However, its thermal-stress evolution process is very complex, which has a great influence on the residual stress and deformation. In the paper, the numerical models for the high-speed laser cladding coatings with overlap ratios of 10%,30%, and 50% are developed to investigate the influence rules of overlap ratio on the thermal-stress evolution, as well as the residual stresses and deformations. Results show that the heat accumulation can reheat and preheat the adjacent track coating and substrate, resulting in stress release of the previous track coating and decreased longitudinal stress peak of the next track coating. With the overlap ratio increasing, the heat accumulation and the corresponding maximum residual stress position tend to locate in the center of the cladding coating, where the coating has a high crack susceptibility. For a small overlap ratio of 10%, there are abrupt stress changes from tensile stress to compressive stress at the lap joint, due to insufficient input energy in the position. Increasing the overlap ratio can alleviate the abrupt stress change and reduce the residual deformation but increase the average residual stress and enlarge the hardening depth. This study reveals the mechanism of thermal-stress evolution, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the coating quality.
基金supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contracts No.COST-0022-06, No.COST-0042-06,No.APVV-51-061505,No.APVV-0034-07,No. APVV-0171-06by the 6th FP EU NESPA+16 种基金by FP7-REGPOT-2007- 3 DEMATEN 204953(05/08-04/11)by IMPROVING 229625by HANCOC-MNT.ERA-NET 01/09-12/11by NANOSMART Centre of Excellence(01/2007-12/2010) Slovak Academy of Sciencesby the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA(2/7197/27,2/7194/27,2/7195/27, 1/4107/07)by iNTeg-Risk CP-IP 213345-2by European Structural Fund-Center of Excellence(Progressive Materials with Nano-and Submicron-Structure):ITMS NFP code 262200120019by COST Action 536by COST Action 538by OTKA Foundation(No.T043704, T043685,T 048593,T 63609)by HPRT-CT-2000-00037by EC5 Center of Excellence ICAI-CT-2000-70029by OTKA Postdoctoral Research Grant(D38478)by Swedish Research Council(No.621- 2002-4299)by NSF-OTKA-MTA(No.MTA:96 OTKA:049953)by GVOP-3.2.1.-2004-04-0224/3.0by János Bolyai Research Grant. 96/OTKA:049953,OTKA 63609
文摘The paper deals with analytical models of the elastic energy gradient Wsq representing an energy barrier. The energy barrier is a surface integral of the elastic energy density Wq. The elastic energy density is induced by thermal stresses acting in an isotropic spherical particle （q = p） with the radius R and in a cubic cell of an isotropic matrix （q = m）. The spherical particle and the matrix are components of a multi-particle-matrix system representing a model system applicable to a real two-component material of a precipitation-matrix type. The multi-particle-matrix system thus consists of periodically distributed isotropic spherical particles and an isotropic infinite matrix. The infinite matrix is imaginarily divided into identical cubic cells with a central spherical particle in each of the cubic cells. The dimension d of the cubic cell then corresponds to an inter-particle distance. The parameters R, d along with the particle volume fraction v = v（R, d） as a function of R, d represent micro- structural characteristics of a real two-component material. The thermal stresses are investigated within the cubic cell, and accordingly are functions of the microstructural charac- teristics. The thermal stresses originate during a cooling pro- cess as a consequence of the difference am - ap in thermal expansion coefficients between the matrix and the particle, am and ap, respectively. The energy barrier Wsq is used for the determination of the thermal-stress induced strengthening aq. The strengthening represents resistance against com- pressive or tensile mechanical loading for am - ap 〉 0 or am - ap 〈 0. respectively.
基金supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contracts No. COST-0022-06, No.COST-0042-06, No. APVV-51-061505, No. APVV-0034-07, No.APVV-0171-06by the 6th FP EU NESPA+17 种基金by FP7-EGPOT-2007-3 DEMATEN 204953 (05/08-04/11)by IMPROVING 229625by HANCOC-MNT.ERA-NET 01/09-12/11by NANOSMART Centre of Excellence (01/2007-12/2010) Slovak Academy of Sciencesby the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA (2/7197/27, 2/7194/27, 2/7195/27,1/4107/07)by iNTeg-Risk CP-IP 213345-2by European Structural Fund-Center of Excellence (Progressive Materials with Nano-and Submicron-Structure): ITMS NFP code 262200120019by COST Action 536by COST Action 538by OTKA Foundation (No. T043704,T043685, T 048593, T 63609)by HPRT-CT-2000-00037by EC5 Center of Excellence ICAI-CT-2000-70029by OTKA Postdoctoral Research Grant (D38478)by Swedish Research Council (No. 621-2002-4299)by NSF-OTKA-MTA (No. MTA: 96 OTKA: 049953)by GVOP-3.2.1.-2004-04-0224/3.0by Janos Bolyai Research Grant.96/OTKA04953, OTKA 63609.
文摘The paper deals with analytical fracture mechanics to consider elastic thermal stresses acting in an isotropic multi-particle-matrix system. The multi-particle-matrix system consists of periodically distributed spherical particles in an infinite matrix. The thermal stresses originate during a cooling process as a consequence of the difference αm - αp in thermal expansion coefficients between the matrix and the particle, αm and αp, respectively. The multi-particle-matrix system thus represents a model system applicable to a real two-component material of a precipitation-matrix type. The infinite matrix is imaginarily divided into identical cubic cells. Each of the cubic cells with the dimension d contains a central spherical particle with the radius R, where d thus corresponds to inter-particle distance. The parameters R, d along with the particle volume fraction v = v（R, d） as a function of R, d represent microstructural characteristics of a twocomponent material. The thermal stresses are investigated within the cubic cell, and accordingly are functions of the microstructural characteristics. The analytical fracture mechanics includes an analytical analysis of the crack initiation and consequently the crack propagation both considered for the spherical particle （q = p） and the cell matrix （q = m）. The analytical analysis is based on the determination of the curve integral Wcq of the thermal-stress induced elastic energy density Wq. The crack initiation is represented by the determination of the critical particle radius Rqc = Rqc（V）. Formulae for Rqc are valid for any two-component mate- rial of a precipitate-matrix type. The crack propagation for R 〉 Rqc is represented by the determination of the function fq describing a shape of the crack in a plane perpendicular
