卫星群延时间参数(Timing Group Delay,TGD)表征了卫星不同频率信号通道之间的延迟偏差,一般作为重要的信息在卫星导航系统的广播星历中播发给用户.由于不同卫星导航系统广播星历中的钟差定义的不同,卫星TGD参数的含义也有所差异,用户...卫星群延时间参数(Timing Group Delay,TGD)表征了卫星不同频率信号通道之间的延迟偏差,一般作为重要的信息在卫星导航系统的广播星历中播发给用户.由于不同卫星导航系统广播星历中的钟差定义的不同,卫星TGD参数的含义也有所差异,用户在利用广播星历进行定位授时中必须正确理解并使用广播星历卫星钟差与各个频率信号的TGD改正参数.本文针对GPS和北斗卫星导航系统(BDS),分别使用无电离层组合和单频观测对TGD参数在定位中的影响进行计算和分析,通过比较分析指出了目前北斗广播星历中的TGD可能存在一些问题需要进一步调查.展开更多
北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS）发播电文时利用卫星钟差a0参数修正了B3频点相位中心与质心差异的大部分偏差,利用卫星群延时间参数（timing group delay,Tgd）修正不同频点相位中心的差异部分。该方法实...北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS）发播电文时利用卫星钟差a0参数修正了B3频点相位中心与质心差异的大部分偏差,利用卫星群延时间参数（timing group delay,Tgd）修正不同频点相位中心的差异部分。该方法实质是利用各向同性的卫星钟差修正具有各向异性的天线相位中心偏差,改正精度有限。为进一步提高广播星历精度,提出了先对卫星位置进行相位中心改正,再对相位中心的轨迹进行广播星历拟合的处理方法,分别比较了两种改正方法对用户距离误差（user range error,URE）以及精密单点定位精度的影响。分析表明,两种方法都能使URE和定位精度得到提高,且新方法比利用卫星钟差a0参数的修正精度提高了约76%,定位精度提高了约12.5%,同时新方法的改正精度不受时空因素影响。利用广播星历拟合修正天线相位中心与不进行天线相位中心比较,定位精度提高约38.1%。最后分析了Tgd参数修正各频点天线相位中心不一致的残差,影响在毫米级,可以用于修正相位中心的频间差异。展开更多
Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multiel...Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multielements and the human impacts on multielements transport processes have been analyzed along with the influence of weathering in the Changjiang River basin. The results show that most element contents were high in both autumn and winter and low in summer, which was largely caused by the dilution of discharge. Weathering detritus in the Changjiang River basin is the main source of most elements in suspended sediments. However, riverine pollution could bring more loadings of Cd, Pb, As and Zn into river water than it did a few decades ago. The annual average fluxes of Cd, Pb and Zn, which are major contamination elements, to the sea were 179 ± 21 tons/year, 7810 ± 675 tons/year, and 12,000 ± 1320 tons/year,respectively, in which approximately 8.7%, 11.9% and 2.7% of their loadings, respectively,were contributed by pollution inputs. Element exports mainly occurred in the summer(44.4%–57.4%) in the lower part of the Changjiang River. A general relationship between sediment retention and element content suggests a positive feedback mechanism for the decreased number of particles, in which element riverine loadings are reduced due to the enhanced trapping effect by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD). Compared to those in 1980,current element shares of the Changjiang River compared to the global budget have declined due to the construction of the TGD.展开更多
文摘文章研究不同频点的无电离层组合模型中时间群延迟(time group delay,TGD)和差分码偏差(differential code bias,DCB)对定位结果影响的差异,给出了北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)双频/三频无电离层组合TGD和DCB改正模型,利用IGS测站数据进行标准单点定位(standard point positioning,SPP)和精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)实验。实验结果表明:对于SPP,定位精度平面方向小于5 m,U方向小于10 m,定位精度提升显著且精度改正为m级,经模型改正的平面方向精度提升大于70%,U方向精度提升大于28%,其中DCB改正效果略优于TGD改正;对于PPP,经模型改正后的定位精度提升并不明显,但加快了滤波的收敛速度;对于PPP,在未经模型改正的情况下,接收机钟差和模糊度参数吸收了绝大部分的误差改正,而对流层延迟参数受到的影响较小。
文摘卫星群延时间参数(Timing Group Delay,TGD)表征了卫星不同频率信号通道之间的延迟偏差,一般作为重要的信息在卫星导航系统的广播星历中播发给用户.由于不同卫星导航系统广播星历中的钟差定义的不同,卫星TGD参数的含义也有所差异,用户在利用广播星历进行定位授时中必须正确理解并使用广播星历卫星钟差与各个频率信号的TGD改正参数.本文针对GPS和北斗卫星导航系统(BDS),分别使用无电离层组合和单频观测对TGD参数在定位中的影响进行计算和分析,通过比较分析指出了目前北斗广播星历中的TGD可能存在一些问题需要进一步调查.
文摘北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS）发播电文时利用卫星钟差a0参数修正了B3频点相位中心与质心差异的大部分偏差,利用卫星群延时间参数（timing group delay,Tgd）修正不同频点相位中心的差异部分。该方法实质是利用各向同性的卫星钟差修正具有各向异性的天线相位中心偏差,改正精度有限。为进一步提高广播星历精度,提出了先对卫星位置进行相位中心改正,再对相位中心的轨迹进行广播星历拟合的处理方法,分别比较了两种改正方法对用户距离误差（user range error,URE）以及精密单点定位精度的影响。分析表明,两种方法都能使URE和定位精度得到提高,且新方法比利用卫星钟差a0参数的修正精度提高了约76%,定位精度提高了约12.5%,同时新方法的改正精度不受时空因素影响。利用广播星历拟合修正天线相位中心与不进行天线相位中心比较,定位精度提高约38.1%。最后分析了Tgd参数修正各频点天线相位中心不一致的残差,影响在毫米级,可以用于修正相位中心的频间差异。
基金supported in by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41776089)the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(Nos.2017S03 and 2016S03)
文摘Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multielements and the human impacts on multielements transport processes have been analyzed along with the influence of weathering in the Changjiang River basin. The results show that most element contents were high in both autumn and winter and low in summer, which was largely caused by the dilution of discharge. Weathering detritus in the Changjiang River basin is the main source of most elements in suspended sediments. However, riverine pollution could bring more loadings of Cd, Pb, As and Zn into river water than it did a few decades ago. The annual average fluxes of Cd, Pb and Zn, which are major contamination elements, to the sea were 179 ± 21 tons/year, 7810 ± 675 tons/year, and 12,000 ± 1320 tons/year,respectively, in which approximately 8.7%, 11.9% and 2.7% of their loadings, respectively,were contributed by pollution inputs. Element exports mainly occurred in the summer(44.4%–57.4%) in the lower part of the Changjiang River. A general relationship between sediment retention and element content suggests a positive feedback mechanism for the decreased number of particles, in which element riverine loadings are reduced due to the enhanced trapping effect by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD). Compared to those in 1980,current element shares of the Changjiang River compared to the global budget have declined due to the construction of the TGD.
