The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis,Pilleri&Gihr,1972;YFP)is an exclusively freshwater cetacean species inhabiting the Yangtze River and its connecting large lakes.As the prima...The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis,Pilleri&Gihr,1972;YFP)is an exclusively freshwater cetacean species inhabiting the Yangtze River and its connecting large lakes.As the primary line of defense in maintaining physiological equilibrium,the epidermis of the porpoise is expected to have undergone structural adaptations due to the shift from the marine to the freshwater environment.This study compared the microstructural and ultrastructural features of the epidermis of YFP and its marine counterpart,the East Asian finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri,Pilleri&Gihr,1975;EAFP).Microscopic structural observations and statistical analyses of the epidermal thickness demonstrated no significant differences in the cell structure or distribution between the two porpoise species.However,the epidermis of the YFP contained more abundant stratum basale cells.The outermost lipid stratum corneum exhibited a thinner cell layer with wider neutral lipid droplets to resist the passive entry of water molecules in the hypotonic environment.In contrast,for the EAFp,a more uniformly arranged stratum basale in the epidermis led to denser keratin fibers and robust desmosomes within each epidermal layer at the ultrastructural level.This tight arrangement of cells can reduce transepidermal water loss(TEWL)in an environment with higher osmotic pressure.In conclusion,the 2 finless porpoise species appear to employ different epidermal mechanisms to adapt to their distinct osmotic environments.The YFP appears to possess a"lipid waterproofing"epidermal structure,while the EAFP possesses a"thick and compact water-retaining"epidermal structure to copewithpotentialwaterloss.展开更多
目的通过皮肤机械屏障障碍模型鼠来研究参苓白术散(Shen Ling Bai Shu Power,SLBZP)对皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法取健康小鼠50只,随机分为5组,即正常对照组、模型组、参苓白术散高、中、低剂量组。参苓白术散各组从第1 d起,分别给予参苓...目的通过皮肤机械屏障障碍模型鼠来研究参苓白术散(Shen Ling Bai Shu Power,SLBZP)对皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法取健康小鼠50只,随机分为5组,即正常对照组、模型组、参苓白术散高、中、低剂量组。参苓白术散各组从第1 d起,分别给予参苓白术散(40g/kg、20g/kg、10g/kg)灌胃,其余各组灌胃给予蒸馏水,1次/d,连续13d。除正常对照组外,其余各组从第9天起,以胶带法复制皮肤机械屏障障碍模型,连续5天。观察参苓白术散对皮肤机械屏障障碍模型鼠皮肤组织形态学变化,并测定透皮水丢失(transepidermal water loss,TEWL),表皮神经酰胺含量及表皮厚度。结果造模小鼠皮肤出现相应的组织病理学改变,参苓白术散各组的病理改变均有不同程度的改善;参苓白术散组小鼠背部皮损处经表皮水分丢失量和表皮厚度显著低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01);参苓白术散高、中剂量组表皮神经酰胺含量明显高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论参苓白术散可促进皮肤屏障的修复,增加角质层中神经酰胺含量是其可能的机制之一。展开更多
文摘通过3种方法评价7个厂家尿素维E乳膏的保湿性能,建立尿素维E乳膏保湿性能的体外评价方法,为国内保湿性药品的功效评价提供科学依据和标准化方法。以尿素维E乳膏为模型药物,采用称重法测定7个厂家样品在干硅胶、25℃相对湿度(relative humidity,RH)43%和25℃RH 80%环境中的保湿率;通过Vapometer经皮水分流失测量仪检测给药后离体猪皮和在体巴马小型猪皮的经皮水分流失(trans-epidermal water loss,TEWL)值变化,计算TEWL降低率和相对保湿度,并对比离体与在体实验结果的适用性。称重法评价吸湿保湿性能结果与在体皮肤试验结果差异较大,无法反应真实皮肤的屏障作用,而新建立的离体猪皮实验结果与在体实验趋势一致,离体与在体实验的TEWL降低率和相对保湿度趋势高度相关,验证了离体模型的适用性。基于离体猪皮的TEWL测量方法操作简便、结果可靠,可有效评价尿素维E乳膏的保湿性能,适用于经皮给药类药品的体外保湿性评价,为其质量控制和方法开发提供参考。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1200304).
文摘The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis,Pilleri&Gihr,1972;YFP)is an exclusively freshwater cetacean species inhabiting the Yangtze River and its connecting large lakes.As the primary line of defense in maintaining physiological equilibrium,the epidermis of the porpoise is expected to have undergone structural adaptations due to the shift from the marine to the freshwater environment.This study compared the microstructural and ultrastructural features of the epidermis of YFP and its marine counterpart,the East Asian finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri,Pilleri&Gihr,1975;EAFP).Microscopic structural observations and statistical analyses of the epidermal thickness demonstrated no significant differences in the cell structure or distribution between the two porpoise species.However,the epidermis of the YFP contained more abundant stratum basale cells.The outermost lipid stratum corneum exhibited a thinner cell layer with wider neutral lipid droplets to resist the passive entry of water molecules in the hypotonic environment.In contrast,for the EAFp,a more uniformly arranged stratum basale in the epidermis led to denser keratin fibers and robust desmosomes within each epidermal layer at the ultrastructural level.This tight arrangement of cells can reduce transepidermal water loss(TEWL)in an environment with higher osmotic pressure.In conclusion,the 2 finless porpoise species appear to employ different epidermal mechanisms to adapt to their distinct osmotic environments.The YFP appears to possess a"lipid waterproofing"epidermal structure,while the EAFP possesses a"thick and compact water-retaining"epidermal structure to copewithpotentialwaterloss.
文摘目的通过皮肤机械屏障障碍模型鼠来研究参苓白术散(Shen Ling Bai Shu Power,SLBZP)对皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法取健康小鼠50只,随机分为5组,即正常对照组、模型组、参苓白术散高、中、低剂量组。参苓白术散各组从第1 d起,分别给予参苓白术散(40g/kg、20g/kg、10g/kg)灌胃,其余各组灌胃给予蒸馏水,1次/d,连续13d。除正常对照组外,其余各组从第9天起,以胶带法复制皮肤机械屏障障碍模型,连续5天。观察参苓白术散对皮肤机械屏障障碍模型鼠皮肤组织形态学变化,并测定透皮水丢失(transepidermal water loss,TEWL),表皮神经酰胺含量及表皮厚度。结果造模小鼠皮肤出现相应的组织病理学改变,参苓白术散各组的病理改变均有不同程度的改善;参苓白术散组小鼠背部皮损处经表皮水分丢失量和表皮厚度显著低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01);参苓白术散高、中剂量组表皮神经酰胺含量明显高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论参苓白术散可促进皮肤屏障的修复,增加角质层中神经酰胺含量是其可能的机制之一。
