Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guang...Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.展开更多
This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking an...This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration nodes.The goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand scenarios.The results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2000.High-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were identified.The carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and Guangdong.The number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to 18.In the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon sinks.Under the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area will decrease from 607.00×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 596.39×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with carbon sink areas frag-menting and positive carbon flow corridors becoming less dense.4)On the basis of the current and predicted CMSSPs,this study ex-plores spatial ecological restoration strategies for high-carbon storage areas in bay urban agglomerations at four levels:the land control region,urban agglomeration structure system,carbon sink structure and bay structure control region.展开更多
A playback experiment is a well-established method for behavior research, especially in the study of the territorial responses of songbirds. Birds obtain information from multimodal signals, whereas only acoustic sign...A playback experiment is a well-established method for behavior research, especially in the study of the territorial responses of songbirds. Birds obtain information from multimodal signals, whereas only acoustic signals are provided in traditional playbacks. Many efforts have been made to combine visual signals with playback experiments, e.g., static specimens, videos, live birds and robotic models. Multimodal signal playback provides an elaborate way to study the behavior of focal birds. Although combining visual signals with playback experiments can elicit more authentic responses, empirical evidence remains scarce. In this study, a robot model mimicking a territory intruder was presented to Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea) to evaluate its effect on playback experiments. The experiments were conducted on 45 individuals during the 2021 breeding season in Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve (39°83ʹ N, 115°58ʹ E), China. These 45 individuals were randomly divided into three equal-sized groups corresponding to the experimental treatments: playback sound only;sound with a static model;and sound with a dynamic model. Behavioral variables were recorded during each experiment to generate response intensity via principal component analysis. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in response intensity among the three different experimental treatments. Considering the dense habitat where nuthatches live, the robot model may have insufficiently increased the stimulation of sensory perception. We propose that the effect of visual signals during playback should be evaluated in more species and that behavioral studies could be conducted using multimodal signals to provide a more realistic representation of bird‒bird interactions.展开更多
Xizang has been an integral part of Chinese territory since ancient times.During the Qing Dynasty,the central government further strengthened its governance over Xizang,with management measures in local administration...Xizang has been an integral part of Chinese territory since ancient times.During the Qing Dynasty,the central government further strengthened its governance over Xizang,with management measures in local administration,military,religion,economy,and culture gradually being perfected and implemented.展开更多
This study tested a multilevel model of the workplace territorial behaviors and employees’knowledge sharing relationship,with team identification serving as a mediator and task interdependence as a moderator.Data wer...This study tested a multilevel model of the workplace territorial behaviors and employees’knowledge sharing relationship,with team identification serving as a mediator and task interdependence as a moderator.Data were collected from 253 employees(females=128,mean age=28.626,SD=6.470)from 40 work teams from different industries in China.Path analysis results indicated that workplace territorial behaviors were associated with lower employee knowledge sharing.Team identification enhanced employee knowledge sharing and partially mediated the relationship between workplace territorial behaviors and employee knowledge sharing.Task interdependence enhanced knowledge sharing and strengthened the relationship between team identification and knowledge sharing.Thesefindings extend the proposition of social information processing theory by revealing the mediating role of team identification in the relationship between workplace territorial behaviors and knowledge sharing,and clarifying the boundary conditions of team identification.Practical implications of thesefindings include a need for managers to foster collaborative atmospheres,design interdependent tasks,and mitigate territorial behaviors to enhance team identification and knowledge sharing.展开更多
Territory and territorial behavior of the Common Coot（Fulica atra） were studied in two breeding sites,Anbanghe Nature Reserve and Daqing Longfeng wetland,in Heilongjiang Province,China from April to October in 2008 ...Territory and territorial behavior of the Common Coot（Fulica atra） were studied in two breeding sites,Anbanghe Nature Reserve and Daqing Longfeng wetland,in Heilongjiang Province,China from April to October in 2008 and 2009.In the breeding season,the breeding pairs occupied an area and protected it throughout the reproduction,and both interspecific and intraspecific conflicts were observed.Territory activities became severe since early May,the peak of territory behaviors appeared at late May,and then declined gradually.The territorial activities level was higher than that in the nest building period than in the laying and incubation periods.The most adopted behavioral model was expelling,which was the least energy cost.The degree of territorial behavior tended to be descended since the development of breeding phase.The territory size differed from 1 333 m2 to above 5 000 m2.Wintering population was observed in Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province.The coots gathered in the open water;however,there was no territory behavior both in the interspecies and intraspecies in wintering sites.The hypotheses why there was territory behaviors for coots both in the interspecies and intraspecies were also discussed.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research development plan of major agriculture-oriented county （MAOA or MAOC hereafter） based on territorial function. [Method] The relationship between Major Function Oriented Zoning （MF...[Objective] The aim was to research development plan of major agriculture-oriented county （MAOA or MAOC hereafter） based on territorial function. [Method] The relationship between Major Function Oriented Zoning （MFOZ hereafter） and agricultural development is explored with the case of Long＇an County in Guangxi. [Result] In the research, agricultural function, featured by composition and diversification, is considered one of territorial function typs, contributed by ecology, land, industries and population. With Long＇an as a study case, it can be concluded that the plan of major agriculture-oriented counties is as follows： With guidance of territorial function, the counties should formulate the strategies of major function oriented zones, strive for more social and economic resources for agricultural development, extend agricultural functions, enhance the role of agricultural additional functions, strengthen ecological conservation, improve agricultural productivity and transportation, reinforce exchange of countryside with other regions. In addition, attention should be paid to reconstruction of population and industry pattern for redistribution on the basis of evaluation on bearing capacity of resources and environment. [Conclusion] In future, major agriculture oriented county should coordinate relationship among agriculture, industries, ecology and population with rational distribution of territorial function in county to guarantee stable and sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
The evolution of territorial space is intrinsically linked to economic growth, societal welfare, and ecological preservation. In the context of escalating spatial conflicts and stringent resource limitations, resource...The evolution of territorial space is intrinsically linked to economic growth, societal welfare, and ecological preservation. In the context of escalating spatial conflicts and stringent resource limitations, resource efficiency has emerged as a fundamental pillar for the scientific optimization of territorial space layout. Drawing upon resource efficiency metrics from cities nationwide, this study constructs scenarios for territorial space development and conservation, assesses developmental capacity under varying preferences, and subsequently delineates strategic blueprints using an integrated “point-axis-area” approach. The findings reveal the following:(1) Resource efficiency in China has witnessed a consistent uptick, yet remains modest overall, with marked regional disparities.(2) Throughout the investigation period, developmental capacity has seen progressive enhancement, with a pronounced capacity in scenarios favoring development, radiating axially from urban conglomerates.(3) The layout of pivotal points and developmental axes has transitioned from a “tri-pillar” to a diamond configuration, with the coastal corridor, Harbin-Beijing-Guangzhou corridor, and the corridor along the Yangtze River standing out.(4) Strategic points progressively converge along key axes, whereas dominant regions exhibit clear differentiation on either side of the Hu Huanyong Line. By integrating elements of the territorial spatial structure,this paper proposes blueprints for “five horizontal and three vertical zones with eight cores and three areas,” “four horizontal and three vertical zones with six cores and three areas,”and “three horizontal and four vertical zones with five cores and three areas,” corresponding to scenarios of prioritizing development, status quo maintenance, and prioritizing conservation, respectively. The outcomes of this research offer a technical foundation and theoretical guidance for the pursuit of high-quality territorial space development and a vision of picturesque landscapes.展开更多
Rural spatial governance has become an important part of the spatial governance system under the unified management of urban and rural spaces.In-depth theoretical and practical research on rural spatial governance in ...Rural spatial governance has become an important part of the spatial governance system under the unified management of urban and rural spaces.In-depth theoretical and practical research on rural spatial governance in terms of promoting national spatial planning can help improve the planning and regulation system of rural space.Beginning with a description of rural spatial governance,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of rural spatial governance based on the comprehensive perspective of spatial governance.The study also discusses the internal processes and feasible paths of rural spatial governance in territorial spatial planning and outlines the theoretical and practical research for enhancing rural spatial governance.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Rural spatial governance starts with the coordination theory of human-land relationships in the rural regional system.Through planning and negotiation,governance has effective regulation of rural space and allocates spatial rights in an orderly manner.Rural spatial governance highlights the comprehensive governance processes that combine"top-down"and"bottom-up"participation by multiple subjects.(2)Through the"action-efficiency-target"system,the comprehensive governance analysis framework of"matter-organization-ownership"in rural space provides an effective scheme for constructing rural spatial governance.Rural spatial governance is characterized by both rigidity and flexibility,the interaction between physical space and spatial relationships,and the superposition of spatial ownership and spatial organization.(3)The rural spatial governance features of interconnecting various scales(regional–village–plot)are conducive to improving the rural spatial governance system.(4)The governance means,participation modes,and value-sharing mechanisms of rural spatial governance help enrich the territorial spatial planning system,promote the integration of multiple regulations,refine the regulation of land use,and ensure good rural governance and ecological governance.展开更多
An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spat...An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spatial layout of the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, carrying out assessments of land and identifying a suitable zone for human habitats were very important. This research creates the territorial suitability assessment and function zoning conceptual model in the earthquake-stricken area, and the new methods of the territorial suitability evaluation system were used to divide the spatial functional zones of the earthquake stricken area, which provide a theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area. The results showed that:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area comprises of an ecological area that has a high level of importance to the ecosystem. In the earthquake-stricken area, 65% of national land is at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, and therefore not suitable for a high level of intensive reconstruction, but reconstructed in an eco-friendly manner.(2) The zone suitable for reconstruction comprises mainly of the river valley and the flat terrain of western parts. The land with low suitability is mainly located on steep terrain, such as highmountains and low gullies. The geographic and geomorphic conditions limit the spread of a suitable reconstruction zone.(3) The earthquake-stricken area mainly comprises of a tourism industry gathering area, population gathering area, agriculture and animal husbandry development area, and ecological preservation area with areas of 76 km^2, 44 km^2, 1591 km^2 and 7512 km^2, respectively. Scientifically zoning the reconstruction areas using scientific evaluation may provide guidance for the location of reconstruction sites.展开更多
Territorial development suitability （TDS） distribution and policy implications in the Yangtze River Basin are investigated through the use of statistical and spatial data, using the Delphi method, the analytic hiera...Territorial development suitability （TDS） distribution and policy implications in the Yangtze River Basin are investigated through the use of statistical and spatial data, using the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchy process method and the comprehensive evaluation model. The distribution pattern and characteristics of TDS in the Yangtze River Basin are studied, providing a scientific basis and a decision-making reference for sustainable development of the whole basin, and promoting reasonable implementation of the Yangtze River economic belt development strategy. The results show that the overall level of development constraint is relatively high, and that high-value regions （grades V-VIII） are mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the basin. The suitable development regions account for 22.95% of the total basin area, mainly including the Yangtze River Delta region, the provincial capitals, the urban agglomerations and most prefecture-level cities. The variation of TDS is significant among the upper, middle and lower reaches of the basin, and the high-value areas account for 8.24%, 35.70% and 82.97% of the total areas of the upper, middle and lower reaches, respectively. Three policy suggestions are proposed： （1） strict control of the basin development intensity, setting up an efficient and well-organized spatial development pattern, （2） implementation of different regional policies according to different functional orientations, and （3） strengthening of communication and cooperation between different regions, thus promoting integrated basin protection and development.展开更多
This paper analyzes the present situation of China's territorial development and holds that the spatial framework for socio-economic development can not be naturally extended under the present conditions. Hence it...This paper analyzes the present situation of China's territorial development and holds that the spatial framework for socio-economic development can not be naturally extended under the present conditions. Hence it is necessary to strengthen rationally spatial agglomeration. The basic concept and framework for future territorial devel- opment are raised based on the elaboration of factors affecting the territorial development of China.展开更多
Rural territorial function follows the trend to develop from agricultural production space to a complex of cultural heritage,food security,social stability,quality of living,etc.Based on the rural area＇s territorial ...Rural territorial function follows the trend to develop from agricultural production space to a complex of cultural heritage,food security,social stability,quality of living,etc.Based on the rural area＇s territorial function to both urban and rural areas and its evolution law,index system of rural development evaluation,covering rural production function,rural consumption function,regional sustaining function,and individual development function were constructed in this paper.Case study based on Shandong Province and entropy method showed that the rural development in Shandong Province was neither stable nor orderly,and some of rural territorial functions were under fluctuation.The simulation result was close to the actual situation in rural areas of Shandong Province,and therefore,it would provide some experience for scientific evaluation of rural development in other regions.In the end,policy suggestion to cope with rural function transition was provided,namely further promoting the rural economic development,and breaking away from various factors that restricted the value realization,natural increment,and equitable distribution of rural production factors,and therefore,it would receive a sustainable rural development.展开更多
For individuals who are contemplating relocating, how their income will be taxed might be an important factor when deciding whether or not to take up residence in another country. Two income approaches are commonly us...For individuals who are contemplating relocating, how their income will be taxed might be an important factor when deciding whether or not to take up residence in another country. Two income approaches are commonly used around the globe. Worldwide income approach （also known as a global tax system） taxes income from whatever source derived. Territorial income approach taxes only income earned within the country＇s borders. Using information collected from PricewaterhouseCoopers＇ website1 that provides information on tax systems used in countries around the world, this paper examines which countries apply worldwide or global income approach and which employ territorial approach to determine the legitimate source of taxable income. The research focuses on countries within： （1） Americas; （2） Asia/Pacific Basin; （3） Europe; and （4） Africa/Middle and Near East. Based on the information collected and presented in this paper, the worldwide approach is much more prevalent （104 countries） than the territorial approach （30 countries）. This paper also investigates any specific rules that a particular country has in relation to income to be taxed and residency versus non-residency status of the taxpayers. There appears to be an abundant spectrum of rules relating to residency and domicile for tax purposes among the countries.展开更多
Number of reservoirs in China ranks the first in the world. Due to the complex geology, and superimposing rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation, the bank collapse chain is prone to disasters. The Yangtze River Rese...Number of reservoirs in China ranks the first in the world. Due to the complex geology, and superimposing rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation, the bank collapse chain is prone to disasters. The Yangtze River Reservoir is key geological disaster prevention area. Studying the process of reservoir disaster is significant because of the limited territorial space utilization. Scientific and technological issues, i.e., the mechanism of bank collapse disaster chain of large reservoirs, the interaction mechanism of bank collapse disaster chain and territorial space utilization, the early identification, monitoring technology and ecological prevention and control technology system of disaster chain, and the territorial space geological safety and control technology system are focused. We consider the material transformation, energy transfer and information transmission in disaster chain;adopt the survey, Space-Air-Ground integrated monitoring, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and the multidisciplinary research methods;reveal the chain source development, evolution process of secondary and derivative disasters;explore the interaction mechanism of disaster chain and territorial space utilization;construct the system of early identification, monitoring, early warning, control and ecological preven-tion to achieve Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality;provide theoretical and technical support for the territorial space geological safety, regulation and utilization of large reservoirs.展开更多
With the change of geopolitical pattern of the world, pacific rim area increases economic cooperation, instead of military antagonism. After reform and open to outside world, the southern China takes in an amount of i...With the change of geopolitical pattern of the world, pacific rim area increases economic cooperation, instead of military antagonism. After reform and open to outside world, the southern China takes in an amount of investment from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan, taking advantage of superior geo environment and thus forms a topical model of core periphery in the southern China. The core periphery model in the southern China is territorially made of three parts: core area — Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan; peripherial area — Zhujiang delta; second core area — parts of Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Fujian Province and Hainan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Its evolutional stage of this model can be divided into four stages: (1) the stage of polarization of core area; (2) the stage of the second core area strongly controlled by core area; (3) the transitional stage of the second area; (4) the stage of the southern China space integrity. Taking the core periphrial model in the southern China as an integrity of interrelational and rational division, its whole functional organized system is “input product assemble output”, core area is mainly then as the managed and transported center, the second area plays a product and productive control function and becomes center of manufacturing, study and development, periphrial area constructs as the center of material and raw material and the base of agricultural and side line products. Based on the analysis of the formative structure, evolutional law and the design of territorial function, we suggust the way of territerial optimazation as follows: (1) establishing the large hinterland which takes Xijiang basin as its core; (2) construct the high and renewed technological corridor; (3) constructing stable and varied material and raw material base; (4) reinforcing the organization and adjustment and managment between core area, periphrial area and second periphrial area. (5) constucting the varied corridor among core area, the second area and perphrial area.展开更多
Since 1949, China has witnessed four development stages of territorial planning. (1) In the 1950s the territorial planning got its start. (2) From the 1960s to 1970s territorial planning declined. (3) From, the 1980s ...Since 1949, China has witnessed four development stages of territorial planning. (1) In the 1950s the territorial planning got its start. (2) From the 1960s to 1970s territorial planning declined. (3) From, the 1980s to 1990s the first major tide of territorial planning began. (4) From the end of the 1990s to recent times the new round of territorial planning is under deliberation. Since 1998, the Ministry of Land and Resources has carried out some related work, especially in organizing pilot projects, and early research on the new round of national territorial planning. According to the need for economic and social development and the current conditions in China, it is the appropriate for China to carry out the new round of territorial planning. However, the government should correctly consider the correlations between territorial planning and other plannings, and take appropriate development action, e.g. stressing main points for the basis of overall planning, building a territorial planning system that coordinate with national conditions, strengthening research on various supportive measures of territorial planning, summarizing and upgrading experiences obtained in pilot projects, strengthening international exchange and training talented personnel.展开更多
Motivated by an animal territoriality model,we consider a centroidal Voronoi tessellation algorithm from a dynamical systems perspective.In doing so,we discuss the stability of an aligned equilibrium configuration for...Motivated by an animal territoriality model,we consider a centroidal Voronoi tessellation algorithm from a dynamical systems perspective.In doing so,we discuss the stability of an aligned equilibrium configuration for a rectangular domain that exhibits interesting symmetry properties.We also demonstrate the procedure for performing a center manifold reduction on the system to extract a set of coordinates which capture the long term dynamics when the system is close to a bifurcation.Bifurcations of the system restricted to the center manifold are then classified and compared to numerical results.Although we analyze a specific set-up,these methods can in principle be applied to any bifurcation point of any equilibrium for any domain.展开更多
基金National Social Science Foundation Program,No.22VRC163National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42061043+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX24_1008Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.YCSW2024473。
文摘Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52268008)。
文摘This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration nodes.The goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand scenarios.The results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2000.High-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were identified.The carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and Guangdong.The number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to 18.In the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon sinks.Under the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area will decrease from 607.00×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 596.39×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with carbon sink areas frag-menting and positive carbon flow corridors becoming less dense.4)On the basis of the current and predicted CMSSPs,this study ex-plores spatial ecological restoration strategies for high-carbon storage areas in bay urban agglomerations at four levels:the land control region,urban agglomeration structure system,carbon sink structure and bay structure control region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32170491)the Scientific Research Team Project of the College of Life Sciences,Beijing Normal University,in 2024.
文摘A playback experiment is a well-established method for behavior research, especially in the study of the territorial responses of songbirds. Birds obtain information from multimodal signals, whereas only acoustic signals are provided in traditional playbacks. Many efforts have been made to combine visual signals with playback experiments, e.g., static specimens, videos, live birds and robotic models. Multimodal signal playback provides an elaborate way to study the behavior of focal birds. Although combining visual signals with playback experiments can elicit more authentic responses, empirical evidence remains scarce. In this study, a robot model mimicking a territory intruder was presented to Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea) to evaluate its effect on playback experiments. The experiments were conducted on 45 individuals during the 2021 breeding season in Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve (39°83ʹ N, 115°58ʹ E), China. These 45 individuals were randomly divided into three equal-sized groups corresponding to the experimental treatments: playback sound only;sound with a static model;and sound with a dynamic model. Behavioral variables were recorded during each experiment to generate response intensity via principal component analysis. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in response intensity among the three different experimental treatments. Considering the dense habitat where nuthatches live, the robot model may have insufficiently increased the stimulation of sensory perception. We propose that the effect of visual signals during playback should be evaluated in more species and that behavioral studies could be conducted using multimodal signals to provide a more realistic representation of bird‒bird interactions.
文摘Xizang has been an integral part of Chinese territory since ancient times.During the Qing Dynasty,the central government further strengthened its governance over Xizang,with management measures in local administration,military,religion,economy,and culture gradually being perfected and implemented.
文摘This study tested a multilevel model of the workplace territorial behaviors and employees’knowledge sharing relationship,with team identification serving as a mediator and task interdependence as a moderator.Data were collected from 253 employees(females=128,mean age=28.626,SD=6.470)from 40 work teams from different industries in China.Path analysis results indicated that workplace territorial behaviors were associated with lower employee knowledge sharing.Team identification enhanced employee knowledge sharing and partially mediated the relationship between workplace territorial behaviors and employee knowledge sharing.Task interdependence enhanced knowledge sharing and strengthened the relationship between team identification and knowledge sharing.Thesefindings extend the proposition of social information processing theory by revealing the mediating role of team identification in the relationship between workplace territorial behaviors and knowledge sharing,and clarifying the boundary conditions of team identification.Practical implications of thesefindings include a need for managers to foster collaborative atmospheres,design interdependent tasks,and mitigate territorial behaviors to enhance team identification and knowledge sharing.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C201036)
文摘Territory and territorial behavior of the Common Coot（Fulica atra） were studied in two breeding sites,Anbanghe Nature Reserve and Daqing Longfeng wetland,in Heilongjiang Province,China from April to October in 2008 and 2009.In the breeding season,the breeding pairs occupied an area and protected it throughout the reproduction,and both interspecific and intraspecific conflicts were observed.Territory activities became severe since early May,the peak of territory behaviors appeared at late May,and then declined gradually.The territorial activities level was higher than that in the nest building period than in the laying and incubation periods.The most adopted behavioral model was expelling,which was the least energy cost.The degree of territorial behavior tended to be descended since the development of breeding phase.The territory size differed from 1 333 m2 to above 5 000 m2.Wintering population was observed in Poyang Lake of Jiangxi Province.The coots gathered in the open water;however,there was no territory behavior both in the interspecies and intraspecies in wintering sites.The hypotheses why there was territory behaviors for coots both in the interspecies and intraspecies were also discussed.
基金Supported by Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(40830741)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research development plan of major agriculture-oriented county （MAOA or MAOC hereafter） based on territorial function. [Method] The relationship between Major Function Oriented Zoning （MFOZ hereafter） and agricultural development is explored with the case of Long＇an County in Guangxi. [Result] In the research, agricultural function, featured by composition and diversification, is considered one of territorial function typs, contributed by ecology, land, industries and population. With Long＇an as a study case, it can be concluded that the plan of major agriculture-oriented counties is as follows： With guidance of territorial function, the counties should formulate the strategies of major function oriented zones, strive for more social and economic resources for agricultural development, extend agricultural functions, enhance the role of agricultural additional functions, strengthen ecological conservation, improve agricultural productivity and transportation, reinforce exchange of countryside with other regions. In addition, attention should be paid to reconstruction of population and industry pattern for redistribution on the basis of evaluation on bearing capacity of resources and environment. [Conclusion] In future, major agriculture oriented county should coordinate relationship among agriculture, industries, ecology and population with rational distribution of territorial function in county to guarantee stable and sustainable agricultural development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.71974070,No.72221002。
文摘The evolution of territorial space is intrinsically linked to economic growth, societal welfare, and ecological preservation. In the context of escalating spatial conflicts and stringent resource limitations, resource efficiency has emerged as a fundamental pillar for the scientific optimization of territorial space layout. Drawing upon resource efficiency metrics from cities nationwide, this study constructs scenarios for territorial space development and conservation, assesses developmental capacity under varying preferences, and subsequently delineates strategic blueprints using an integrated “point-axis-area” approach. The findings reveal the following:(1) Resource efficiency in China has witnessed a consistent uptick, yet remains modest overall, with marked regional disparities.(2) Throughout the investigation period, developmental capacity has seen progressive enhancement, with a pronounced capacity in scenarios favoring development, radiating axially from urban conglomerates.(3) The layout of pivotal points and developmental axes has transitioned from a “tri-pillar” to a diamond configuration, with the coastal corridor, Harbin-Beijing-Guangzhou corridor, and the corridor along the Yangtze River standing out.(4) Strategic points progressively converge along key axes, whereas dominant regions exhibit clear differentiation on either side of the Hu Huanyong Line. By integrating elements of the territorial spatial structure,this paper proposes blueprints for “five horizontal and three vertical zones with eight cores and three areas,” “four horizontal and three vertical zones with six cores and three areas,”and “three horizontal and four vertical zones with five cores and three areas,” corresponding to scenarios of prioritizing development, status quo maintenance, and prioritizing conservation, respectively. The outcomes of this research offer a technical foundation and theoretical guidance for the pursuit of high-quality territorial space development and a vision of picturesque landscapes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41901204China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No2019M660109,No.2021T140303+3 种基金The Foundation of Humanity and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China,No.19YJCZH036Jiangsu Provincial Science Foundation,No.BK20190717Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Foundation,No.19GLC002。
文摘Rural spatial governance has become an important part of the spatial governance system under the unified management of urban and rural spaces.In-depth theoretical and practical research on rural spatial governance in terms of promoting national spatial planning can help improve the planning and regulation system of rural space.Beginning with a description of rural spatial governance,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of rural spatial governance based on the comprehensive perspective of spatial governance.The study also discusses the internal processes and feasible paths of rural spatial governance in territorial spatial planning and outlines the theoretical and practical research for enhancing rural spatial governance.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Rural spatial governance starts with the coordination theory of human-land relationships in the rural regional system.Through planning and negotiation,governance has effective regulation of rural space and allocates spatial rights in an orderly manner.Rural spatial governance highlights the comprehensive governance processes that combine"top-down"and"bottom-up"participation by multiple subjects.(2)Through the"action-efficiency-target"system,the comprehensive governance analysis framework of"matter-organization-ownership"in rural space provides an effective scheme for constructing rural spatial governance.Rural spatial governance is characterized by both rigidity and flexibility,the interaction between physical space and spatial relationships,and the superposition of spatial ownership and spatial organization.(3)The rural spatial governance features of interconnecting various scales(regional–village–plot)are conducive to improving the rural spatial governance system.(4)The governance means,participation modes,and value-sharing mechanisms of rural spatial governance help enrich the territorial spatial planning system,promote the integration of multiple regulations,refine the regulation of land use,and ensure good rural governance and ecological governance.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (Grant No. 2017ZX07101001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant NO.41671529)+2 种基金the Hundred Young Talents Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment (Grant No. SDSQB-2015-01)the Monitoring and Warning Program for Resources and Environment Carrying Capability in Sichuan Province (Grant No. ZXGH201709)the Program for Resource and Environment Carrying Capability in Jiu ZhaiG ou Earthquake Disaster Area (Grant No. Y7K2190190)
文摘An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spatial layout of the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, carrying out assessments of land and identifying a suitable zone for human habitats were very important. This research creates the territorial suitability assessment and function zoning conceptual model in the earthquake-stricken area, and the new methods of the territorial suitability evaluation system were used to divide the spatial functional zones of the earthquake stricken area, which provide a theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area. The results showed that:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area comprises of an ecological area that has a high level of importance to the ecosystem. In the earthquake-stricken area, 65% of national land is at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, and therefore not suitable for a high level of intensive reconstruction, but reconstructed in an eco-friendly manner.(2) The zone suitable for reconstruction comprises mainly of the river valley and the flat terrain of western parts. The land with low suitability is mainly located on steep terrain, such as highmountains and low gullies. The geographic and geomorphic conditions limit the spread of a suitable reconstruction zone.(3) The earthquake-stricken area mainly comprises of a tourism industry gathering area, population gathering area, agriculture and animal husbandry development area, and ecological preservation area with areas of 76 km^2, 44 km^2, 1591 km^2 and 7512 km^2, respectively. Scientifically zoning the reconstruction areas using scientific evaluation may provide guidance for the location of reconstruction sites.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China, No.09CJL045 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41471109 China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project, No.2011M500377, No.2012T50127
文摘Territorial development suitability （TDS） distribution and policy implications in the Yangtze River Basin are investigated through the use of statistical and spatial data, using the Delphi method, the analytic hierarchy process method and the comprehensive evaluation model. The distribution pattern and characteristics of TDS in the Yangtze River Basin are studied, providing a scientific basis and a decision-making reference for sustainable development of the whole basin, and promoting reasonable implementation of the Yangtze River economic belt development strategy. The results show that the overall level of development constraint is relatively high, and that high-value regions （grades V-VIII） are mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the basin. The suitable development regions account for 22.95% of the total basin area, mainly including the Yangtze River Delta region, the provincial capitals, the urban agglomerations and most prefecture-level cities. The variation of TDS is significant among the upper, middle and lower reaches of the basin, and the high-value areas account for 8.24%, 35.70% and 82.97% of the total areas of the upper, middle and lower reaches, respectively. Three policy suggestions are proposed： （1） strict control of the basin development intensity, setting up an efficient and well-organized spatial development pattern, （2） implementation of different regional policies according to different functional orientations, and （3） strengthening of communication and cooperation between different regions, thus promoting integrated basin protection and development.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871071)
文摘This paper analyzes the present situation of China's territorial development and holds that the spatial framework for socio-economic development can not be naturally extended under the present conditions. Hence it is necessary to strengthen rationally spatial agglomeration. The basic concept and framework for future territorial devel- opment are raised based on the elaboration of factors affecting the territorial development of China.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (40635029,40771014)
文摘Rural territorial function follows the trend to develop from agricultural production space to a complex of cultural heritage,food security,social stability,quality of living,etc.Based on the rural area＇s territorial function to both urban and rural areas and its evolution law,index system of rural development evaluation,covering rural production function,rural consumption function,regional sustaining function,and individual development function were constructed in this paper.Case study based on Shandong Province and entropy method showed that the rural development in Shandong Province was neither stable nor orderly,and some of rural territorial functions were under fluctuation.The simulation result was close to the actual situation in rural areas of Shandong Province,and therefore,it would provide some experience for scientific evaluation of rural development in other regions.In the end,policy suggestion to cope with rural function transition was provided,namely further promoting the rural economic development,and breaking away from various factors that restricted the value realization,natural increment,and equitable distribution of rural production factors,and therefore,it would receive a sustainable rural development.
文摘For individuals who are contemplating relocating, how their income will be taxed might be an important factor when deciding whether or not to take up residence in another country. Two income approaches are commonly used around the globe. Worldwide income approach （also known as a global tax system） taxes income from whatever source derived. Territorial income approach taxes only income earned within the country＇s borders. Using information collected from PricewaterhouseCoopers＇ website1 that provides information on tax systems used in countries around the world, this paper examines which countries apply worldwide or global income approach and which employ territorial approach to determine the legitimate source of taxable income. The research focuses on countries within： （1） Americas; （2） Asia/Pacific Basin; （3） Europe; and （4） Africa/Middle and Near East. Based on the information collected and presented in this paper, the worldwide approach is much more prevalent （104 countries） than the territorial approach （30 countries）. This paper also investigates any specific rules that a particular country has in relation to income to be taxed and residency versus non-residency status of the taxpayers. There appears to be an abundant spectrum of rules relating to residency and domicile for tax purposes among the countries.
文摘Number of reservoirs in China ranks the first in the world. Due to the complex geology, and superimposing rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation, the bank collapse chain is prone to disasters. The Yangtze River Reservoir is key geological disaster prevention area. Studying the process of reservoir disaster is significant because of the limited territorial space utilization. Scientific and technological issues, i.e., the mechanism of bank collapse disaster chain of large reservoirs, the interaction mechanism of bank collapse disaster chain and territorial space utilization, the early identification, monitoring technology and ecological prevention and control technology system of disaster chain, and the territorial space geological safety and control technology system are focused. We consider the material transformation, energy transfer and information transmission in disaster chain;adopt the survey, Space-Air-Ground integrated monitoring, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and the multidisciplinary research methods;reveal the chain source development, evolution process of secondary and derivative disasters;explore the interaction mechanism of disaster chain and territorial space utilization;construct the system of early identification, monitoring, early warning, control and ecological preven-tion to achieve Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality;provide theoretical and technical support for the territorial space geological safety, regulation and utilization of large reservoirs.
文摘With the change of geopolitical pattern of the world, pacific rim area increases economic cooperation, instead of military antagonism. After reform and open to outside world, the southern China takes in an amount of investment from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan, taking advantage of superior geo environment and thus forms a topical model of core periphery in the southern China. The core periphery model in the southern China is territorially made of three parts: core area — Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan; peripherial area — Zhujiang delta; second core area — parts of Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Fujian Province and Hainan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Its evolutional stage of this model can be divided into four stages: (1) the stage of polarization of core area; (2) the stage of the second core area strongly controlled by core area; (3) the transitional stage of the second area; (4) the stage of the southern China space integrity. Taking the core periphrial model in the southern China as an integrity of interrelational and rational division, its whole functional organized system is “input product assemble output”, core area is mainly then as the managed and transported center, the second area plays a product and productive control function and becomes center of manufacturing, study and development, periphrial area constructs as the center of material and raw material and the base of agricultural and side line products. Based on the analysis of the formative structure, evolutional law and the design of territorial function, we suggust the way of territerial optimazation as follows: (1) establishing the large hinterland which takes Xijiang basin as its core; (2) construct the high and renewed technological corridor; (3) constructing stable and varied material and raw material base; (4) reinforcing the organization and adjustment and managment between core area, periphrial area and second periphrial area. (5) constucting the varied corridor among core area, the second area and perphrial area.
基金supported by The National Science and Technology Support Planning (Grant No. 2006BAJ11B03)
文摘Since 1949, China has witnessed four development stages of territorial planning. (1) In the 1950s the territorial planning got its start. (2) From the 1960s to 1970s territorial planning declined. (3) From, the 1980s to 1990s the first major tide of territorial planning began. (4) From the end of the 1990s to recent times the new round of territorial planning is under deliberation. Since 1998, the Ministry of Land and Resources has carried out some related work, especially in organizing pilot projects, and early research on the new round of national territorial planning. According to the need for economic and social development and the current conditions in China, it is the appropriate for China to carry out the new round of territorial planning. However, the government should correctly consider the correlations between territorial planning and other plannings, and take appropriate development action, e.g. stressing main points for the basis of overall planning, building a territorial planning system that coordinate with national conditions, strengthening research on various supportive measures of territorial planning, summarizing and upgrading experiences obtained in pilot projects, strengthening international exchange and training talented personnel.
文摘Motivated by an animal territoriality model,we consider a centroidal Voronoi tessellation algorithm from a dynamical systems perspective.In doing so,we discuss the stability of an aligned equilibrium configuration for a rectangular domain that exhibits interesting symmetry properties.We also demonstrate the procedure for performing a center manifold reduction on the system to extract a set of coordinates which capture the long term dynamics when the system is close to a bifurcation.Bifurcations of the system restricted to the center manifold are then classified and compared to numerical results.Although we analyze a specific set-up,these methods can in principle be applied to any bifurcation point of any equilibrium for any domain.
