Terpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms.Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants.Beta-caryophyllene can be sourc...Terpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms.Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants.Beta-caryophyllene can be sourced from clove and cannabis amongst others,and d-limonene is abundant in the Citrus genera.Apart from their use in agriculture,cosmetics,and food industries,these terpenes possess a wide range of therapeutic activities,including antimicrobial,analgesic,and anticancer activities.This review discusses the anticancer effects of these two compounds against malignant tumors including breast,lung,gastrointestinal,bone,blood,endometrial,and bladder cancer.Beta-caryophyllene induces apoptosis and prevents proliferation and metastasis through the downregulation of HSP60,HTRA,survivin,XIAP,Bcl-xL,and Bcl-2 and the upregulation of caspase 3,annexin V,p21,Bad,Bak,and Bax.The anticancer activity is also mediated by G1/M arrest,ROS induction,and JAK1/STAT activation.d-Limonene exerts its anticancer effects by upregulating autophagy-linked genes,Bax,and caspase 3 and downregulating cyclin D1 and Bcl-2.These compounds also elicit synergistic effects upon co-administration with anticancer drugs and show great prospects as useful agents in the fight against cancer.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health challenge,mainly affecting the elderly population and compromising their cognitive,sensory,and motor functions.Currently,available therapies focus on alleviating sy...Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health challenge,mainly affecting the elderly population and compromising their cognitive,sensory,and motor functions.Currently,available therapies focus on alleviating symptoms and slowing the progression of these conditions,but they do not yet offer a definitive cure.In this scenario,terpenes emerge as promising natural alternatives due to their neuroprotective properties.These compounds can reduce the formation of protein aggregates,neutralize free radicals,and inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes,which are crucial factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.In addition,terpenes also play an important role in the regulation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix,a key target for improving neuronal functions.Substances such as linalool,pinene,and eugenol,among others,have potential therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress processes,the main factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases.Studies suggest that these compounds act on signaling pathways that regulate the extracellular matrix,improving neuronal integrity and,consequently,cognitive and motor function.This work aims to review the potential of terpenes in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders,with emphasis on their ability to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation,as well as to remodel the extracellular matrix.The interaction between these mechanisms points to the promising use of terpenes as an innovative and natural therapeutic approach to combat these diseases.展开更多
Since the olden times,infectious diseases have largely affected human existence.The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs.The casualties of these...Since the olden times,infectious diseases have largely affected human existence.The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs.The casualties of these emergencies are significantly influenced by the way human beings interact with the reservoirs,especially the animal ones.In our review we will consider the evolutionary and the ecological scales of such infections and their consequences on the public health,with a focus on the pathogenic influenza A virus.The nutraceutical properties of fungal and plant terpene-like molecules will be linked to their ability to lessen the symptoms of viral infections and shed light on their potential use in the development of new drugs.New challenging methods in antiviral discovery will also be discussed in this review.The authors believe that pharmacognosy is the“wave of future pharmaceuticals”,as it can be continually produced and scaled up under ecofriendly requirements.Further diagnostic methods and strategies however are required to standardise those naturally occurring resources.展开更多
One new and 16 known compounds were isolated from Abies sibirica. Their structures were assigned mainly on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. In bioassay for anti-proliferative activity against four human tum...One new and 16 known compounds were isolated from Abies sibirica. Their structures were assigned mainly on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. In bioassay for anti-proliferative activity against four human tumor cells, compound 7 exhibited selective anti-proliferative activity against COLO-205 tumor cell with an IC50 value of 0.9 μg/mL.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate terpenes degradation rate in the rumen fluid from adapted and non-adapted animals.Four castrated healthy animals,two rams and two bucks,were used.Animals were daily orally ...The aim of the present study was to evaluate terpenes degradation rate in the rumen fluid from adapted and non-adapted animals.Four castrated healthy animals,two rams and two bucks,were used.Animals were daily orally dosed for 2 weeks with 1 g of each of the following terpenes,α-pinene,limonene andβ-caryophyllene.At the end of each week,rumen fluid(RF)samples were assayed in vitro for their potential to degrade terpenes over time.For each animal,a 10 mL reaction medium(RM)at a ratio 1:9(v/v)was prepared and a terpenes solution at a concentration of 100μg/ml each,was added in each RM tube.Tubes were incubated at 39℃ under anaerobic conditions and their contents sampled at 0,2,4,8,21 and 24 h.RF could degrade terpenes as it was shown by the significantly(P<0.05)higher overall degradation rates.Individual terpene degradation rates,were significantly(P<0.05)higher in week 5 for limonene and marginally(P=0.083)higher also in week 5 forα-pinene.In conclusion,the findings of the present preliminary study suggest that terpenes can be degraded in the rumen fluid.展开更多
In this study,two new kaurane diterpenes(16,17),together with 12 lignans(1-12),a triterpene(15),and two other compounds(13,14)were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara.The structure of the new compound was deter...In this study,two new kaurane diterpenes(16,17),together with 12 lignans(1-12),a triterpene(15),and two other compounds(13,14)were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara.The structure of the new compound was determined by HR ESIMS and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy,and its absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism(ECD)exciton chirality method.Compounds 5,11,14 exhibit significant hypoglycaemic activity in zebrafish,and their mechanism of action is to enhance glucose uptake in zebrafish.展开更多
There is no doubt that the chemical composition of plants,including norvolatile and volatile compounds,is widely affected by abiotic and biotic stress.Plants are able to biosynthesize a variety of secondary metabolite...There is no doubt that the chemical composition of plants,including norvolatile and volatile compounds,is widely affected by abiotic and biotic stress.Plants are able to biosynthesize a variety of secondary metabolites against actions of natural enemies,such as herbivores,fungus,virus and bacteria.The present study revealed that the chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from Ipomoea alba underwent quantitative and qualitative alterations both when infested with the grasshopper Elaeochlora trilineata and mechanically damaged.Grasshopper attack and mechanical wounding induced the biosynthesis of nine volatile compounds in leaves of I.alba:cumene,α-ylangene,β-panasinsene,β-gurjunene aromadendrene,β-funebrene,spirolepechinene,cubenol and sclareolide.The amount of germacrene D(33.2%to 20.4%)decreased when the leaves were mechanically damaged;but when the leaves were attacked by a grasshopper,the germacrene D increased from 33.2%to 39.4%.The results showed that I.alba leaves clearly responded to abiotic and biotic stress and contribute to an understanding of plant responses to stress conditions.展开更多
In this work, we propose an original approach to the thin-layer identification of secondary metabolites (terpenes) based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating terpenes to be identified. Its principle...In this work, we propose an original approach to the thin-layer identification of secondary metabolites (terpenes) based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating terpenes to be identified. Its principle consists initially of segmentation by region of each component of the image based on the attribute tuples or colors of each region of the digital image. Then we proceeded to the calculations of region parameters such as standard deviation, entropy, average pixel color, eccentricity from an algorithm on the matlab software. These values allowed us to build a database. Finally, we built an algorithm for identifying secondary metabolites (terpenes) on the basis of these data. The relevance of our method of identifying or recognizing terpenes has been demonstrated compared to other methods, such as the one based on the calculation of frontal ratios which cannot discriminate between two terpenes having the same frontal ratio. The robustness of our method with respect to the identification of linalool, limonene was tested.展开更多
Genome mining for the search and discovery of two new globin-like enzymes,TriB from Fusarium poae and TutaA from Schizophyllum commne,are involved in the synthesis of two linear terpenes tricinonoic acid(1)and 2-buten...Genome mining for the search and discovery of two new globin-like enzymes,TriB from Fusarium poae and TutaA from Schizophyllum commne,are involved in the synthesis of two linear terpenes tricinonoic acid(1)and 2-butenedioic acid(3).Both in vivo heterologous biosynthesis and in vitro biochemical assays showed that these two enzymes catalyzed the C-C double bond cleavage of a cyclic sesquiterpene precursor(-)-germacrene D(7)and a linear diterpene backbone schizostain(2),respectively.Our work presents an unusual formation mechanism of linear terpenes from fungi and expands the functional skills of globin-like enzymes in the synthesis of terpene compounds.展开更多
To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct （physical and chemical） and indirect ways （attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials）. Plants are th...To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct （physical and chemical） and indirect ways （attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials）. Plants are then able to express traits that facilitate ＂top-down＂ control of pests by attracting herbivore predators. Here we investigate the indirect defence mechanism of potato plants by analyzing the volatile patterns of both healthy and aphid- infested plants. Important changes in the emitted terpene pattern by the Myzus persicae infested host plant were observed. Using Solid Phase MicroExtraction （SPME） and GC-MS, the （E）-fl-farnesene （EBF） appeared to be emitted by aphid-infested potato and not by healthy plants. To assess the infochemical role of these volatile releases after aphid damage on the aphidophagous predators Episyrphus balteams, the hoverfly foraging behavior was assessed using the Observer 5.0 software （Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands）. Aphidfree potato plants were also used as a control volatile source in the predator behavioral study. While aphid-infested plants induced efficient searching and acceptation behaviors leading to egg-laying, no kairomonal effect of healthy potato plants was observed, leading to longer immobility durations and shorter searching periods in the net cage. High oviposition rate of E. balteatus was observed when aphid-infested potato was used （mean of 48.9 eggs per laying and per female）. On the other hand, no egg was produced by the hoverfly on healthy aphid-free plants. The E. balteatus foraging and reproductive behaviors according to the volatile emission from aphid-infested plants are discussed in relation to the potential use of active infochemical molecules in integrated aphid pest management.展开更多
Objective To investigate the essential oil profile and terpenes accumulation in the roots of Gynura bicolor （Asteracese） treated by CO2 and LED lighting. Methods G. bicolor herbs were treated by CO2 at the levels of...Objective To investigate the essential oil profile and terpenes accumulation in the roots of Gynura bicolor （Asteracese） treated by CO2 and LED lighting. Methods G. bicolor herbs were treated by CO2 at the levels of 450 （control） and 1200 （elevated） μmol/mol and LED lighting with white light, RB20 （red/blue=8/2） and RB40 （red/blue=6/4）. Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction-GC MS was employed to analyze terpenes from the essential oil of the roots. Results In all treated-roots, the major components of terpenes were （E）-β-farnesene, α-, β-caryophyllene, α-, β-, γ-elemene, and α-pinene. Increasing CO2 significantly decreased mono- and sesqui-terpenes in the roots under all light conditions, leading to the decreasing yields of the essential oils. Terpenes were at a higher level in RB20-treated roots than that in RB40-treated ones under both control and elevated CO2. Conclusion CO2 （450 μmol/mol） and 20 % blue LED lights are more conducive to the accumulation of terpenes in the roots than 1200 μmol/mol CO2 and 40% blue LED lights.展开更多
Triterpenes are derived from squalene or oxidosqualene.However,a new class of triterpenes derived from hexaprenyl pyrophosphate has been recently discovered,formed by a new family of chimeric class I triterpene syntha...Triterpenes are derived from squalene or oxidosqualene.However,a new class of triterpenes derived from hexaprenyl pyrophosphate has been recently discovered,formed by a new family of chimeric class I triterpene synthases.The cyclization mechanisms of triterpenes were elucidated by isotopic labeling and protein structural analyses,which helps understand the biosynthesis of triterpenes in nature.展开更多
Terpenes,the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites,have received considerable attention for their highly diverse biological activities.Monoterpenes(C10),sesquiterpenes(C15),diterpenes(C20),and triterpenes(C30...Terpenes,the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites,have received considerable attention for their highly diverse biological activities.Monoterpenes(C10),sesquiterpenes(C15),diterpenes(C20),and triterpenes(C30)have been extensively investigated at both the biochemical and molecular levels over the past two decades.Sesterterpenes(C25),an understudied terpenoid group,were recently described by plant scientists at the molecular level.This review summarizes the plant species that produce sesterterpenes and describes recent developments in the field of sesterterpene biosynthesis,placing a special focus on the catalytic mechanism and evolution of geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase and sesterterpene synthase.Finally,we propose several questions to be addressed in future studies,which may help to elucidate sesterterpene metabolism in plants.展开更多
Hemp(Cannabis Sativa L.)is a broadly grown plant worldwide.In recent years,the cannabidiol(CBD)and terpene species in hemp have drawn increasing research interests due to their human health benefits and pharmaceutical...Hemp(Cannabis Sativa L.)is a broadly grown plant worldwide.In recent years,the cannabidiol(CBD)and terpene species in hemp have drawn increasing research interests due to their human health benefits and pharmaceutical values such as anti-anxiety,pain-relief,relaxation promotion,anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activities.However,the research and application of hemp CBD and terpenes in food systems are scarcely reported,because of various legal regulations,consumer basis and technological challenges.In addition,processing technologies of hemp such as drying,extraction and purifi cation for stable productions of high quality and food-safe CBD and terpene for food purposes have not been extensively studied,lacking thorough reviews.Therefore,in this comprehensive review,the basic characteristics of hemp CBD and terpenes,and their related legal regulations around the world are summarized;the status and technological challenges in the incorporation of hemp CBD and terpenes in food products,and in processing technologies of hemp biomass are identified and discussed;potential solutions,future trends,and research needs are highlighted.The fi ndings from this review may excite more food-related research on hemp processing and CBD/terpenes applications in foods.It can also help the hemp industry to improve the processing effi ciency of hemp as a valuable bioresource,and for food manufacturers to shape their paths to use hemp CBD and terpenes as future functional food ingredients.展开更多
Terpenoids,one of the most diverse and structurally varied natural products in nature,are widely distributed in plants,microbes,and other organisms.Their structural diversity confers significant importance in medicine...Terpenoids,one of the most diverse and structurally varied natural products in nature,are widely distributed in plants,microbes,and other organisms.Their structural diversity confers significant importance in medicine,food,flavorings,and energy.However,traditional methods of plant extraction and chemical synthesis have limitations in industrial applications.Consequently,microbial cell factories have emerged as an important platform for terpenoid production.Terpene synthases(TPSs)are crucial in determining the structural and functional diversity of terpenoids.This review discussed the origin and classificationof TPSs,outlines commonly used TPS mining methods,and summarizes advances in TPS engineering.In addition,it also explores the influenceof machine learning on enzyme mining,the existing challenges and the future opportunities alongside cutting-edge technologies.展开更多
The ajenjo,Artemisia mendozana DC.var.mendozana(Asteraceae),grows in the Andean foothills of Mendoza and San Juan,Argentina,and is used as a medicinal plant for its antispasmodic and antifungal properties.The aim of t...The ajenjo,Artemisia mendozana DC.var.mendozana(Asteraceae),grows in the Andean foothills of Mendoza and San Juan,Argentina,and is used as a medicinal plant for its antispasmodic and antifungal properties.The aim of this work was to obtain fractions of a chloroform extract of ajenjo leaves and to evaluate the in vitro effects on proliferation,viability and clonogenicity of B16-F0 melanoma cells.Using a silica gel chromatography column,120 fractions were collected and grouped according to the chromatographic profile in 9 main fractions(F1–F9).Their major compounds identified were:terpenes(F1),terpenes and sesquiterpene lactones(F2–F3),sesquiterpenes(F4–F6)and phenols and sesquiterpenes(F7-9).B16-F0 cells were incubated for 72 h with DMSO(vehicle)or 0.1 mg/ml F1–F9.At 72 h of culture,F1 decreased both the growing index(GI)and cell viability.F2 and F3 both decreased GI and only F3 decreased clonogenic activity.F4 and F5 both decreased GI.Only F5 decreased cell viability and F4 decreased clonogenicity.Consequently,fractions F6–F8 did not affect any of the cell parameters assayed,while F9 decreased cell viability and inhibited clonogenicity.展开更多
Replacement of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） by greener or more environmentally sustainable solvents is becoming increasingly important due to the increasing health and environmental concerns as well as economic...Replacement of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） by greener or more environmentally sustainable solvents is becoming increasingly important due to the increasing health and environmental concerns as well as economic pressures associated with VOCs. Solvents that are derived from biomass, namely bio-derived solvents, are a type of green solvent that have attracted intensive investigations in recent years because of their advantages over con- ventional VOCs, such as low toxicity, biodegradability and renewability. This review aims to summarize the use of bio-derived solvents in solvent extraction applications, with special emphasis given to utilization of biodiesels and terpenes. Compared with the conventional VOCs, the overall performance of these bio-derived solvents is comparable in terms of extraction yields and selectivity for natural product extraction and no difference was found for metal extraction. To date most researchers have focused on laboratory scale thermodynamics studies. Future work is required to develop and test new bio-derived solvents and understand the kinetic performance as well as solvent extraction nilnt nlant studies.展开更多
The ginkgo terpenoids including bilobalide and ginkgolides are the main pharmaceutical components in the leaves or extracts of Ginkgo biloba L. In this paper, the analysis of bilobalide and ginkgolides in leaves of Gi...The ginkgo terpenoids including bilobalide and ginkgolides are the main pharmaceutical components in the leaves or extracts of Ginkgo biloba L. In this paper, the analysis of bilobalide and ginkgolides in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) was carried out. The separation was performed on Inertsil ODS3 column with methanol-water (36:64) as mobile phase, with 1 mL·min -1 of flow rate at 35℃. Then the mass spectrum analysis was conducted by ZMD micromass electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometer (MS). The HPLC total ion chromatogram and selected ion chromatogram (with 325, 407, 423, 439 of m/z) of the sample and ESI-/MS mass spectra of the peaks in the chromatograms were obtained. So bilobalide, ginkgolide A, B, C and J in Ginkgo biloba L. leaves were identified. The method is easy and rapid, with a good accuracy.展开更多
Essential oils(EOs)are more complex and comprise a number of volatile and natural bioactive compounds,which often used in food industries as the best alternatives.This review focuses on the impact of EOs and the roles...Essential oils(EOs)are more complex and comprise a number of volatile and natural bioactive compounds,which often used in food industries as the best alternatives.This review focuses on the impact of EOs and the roles of their major components in food manufacturing as natural preservatives with the related mechanisms of action.In addition,the major bioactive molecules of different types of EOs and their pharmacological activities such as antioxidant,antifungal and antimicrobial effects on crop protection were also discussed.The major compounds of EOs represent potential antioxidant,antimicrobial and antifungal activities through various mechanisms.Different types of EOs such as tea tree oil,lemon oil,clove oil,cinnamon oil and thyme oil from various traditional plants,have significantly showed better antimicrobial and antioxidant activities,and also effectively increased the shelf lives of the cereal products and increased the quality of food safety.The major groups of EOs such as terpenes and aromatic volatile compounds,play a key role in food safety without affecting the quality.Due to their various activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities,EOs could be used as alternative preservatives to increase the shelf lives of cereals and crops.展开更多
文摘Terpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms.Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants.Beta-caryophyllene can be sourced from clove and cannabis amongst others,and d-limonene is abundant in the Citrus genera.Apart from their use in agriculture,cosmetics,and food industries,these terpenes possess a wide range of therapeutic activities,including antimicrobial,analgesic,and anticancer activities.This review discusses the anticancer effects of these two compounds against malignant tumors including breast,lung,gastrointestinal,bone,blood,endometrial,and bladder cancer.Beta-caryophyllene induces apoptosis and prevents proliferation and metastasis through the downregulation of HSP60,HTRA,survivin,XIAP,Bcl-xL,and Bcl-2 and the upregulation of caspase 3,annexin V,p21,Bad,Bak,and Bax.The anticancer activity is also mediated by G1/M arrest,ROS induction,and JAK1/STAT activation.d-Limonene exerts its anticancer effects by upregulating autophagy-linked genes,Bax,and caspase 3 and downregulating cyclin D1 and Bcl-2.These compounds also elicit synergistic effects upon co-administration with anticancer drugs and show great prospects as useful agents in the fight against cancer.
基金Anderson Nogueira Mendes(#302704/2023-0)is grateful to the public Brazilian agency“Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico”(CNPq)for their personal scholarships.
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health challenge,mainly affecting the elderly population and compromising their cognitive,sensory,and motor functions.Currently,available therapies focus on alleviating symptoms and slowing the progression of these conditions,but they do not yet offer a definitive cure.In this scenario,terpenes emerge as promising natural alternatives due to their neuroprotective properties.These compounds can reduce the formation of protein aggregates,neutralize free radicals,and inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes,which are crucial factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.In addition,terpenes also play an important role in the regulation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix,a key target for improving neuronal functions.Substances such as linalool,pinene,and eugenol,among others,have potential therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress processes,the main factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases.Studies suggest that these compounds act on signaling pathways that regulate the extracellular matrix,improving neuronal integrity and,consequently,cognitive and motor function.This work aims to review the potential of terpenes in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders,with emphasis on their ability to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation,as well as to remodel the extracellular matrix.The interaction between these mechanisms points to the promising use of terpenes as an innovative and natural therapeutic approach to combat these diseases.
基金the Leverhulme Trust(ECF-2018-691)the University of Warwick through an Early Career Fellowship.
文摘Since the olden times,infectious diseases have largely affected human existence.The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs.The casualties of these emergencies are significantly influenced by the way human beings interact with the reservoirs,especially the animal ones.In our review we will consider the evolutionary and the ecological scales of such infections and their consequences on the public health,with a focus on the pathogenic influenza A virus.The nutraceutical properties of fungal and plant terpene-like molecules will be linked to their ability to lessen the symptoms of viral infections and shed light on their potential use in the development of new drugs.New challenging methods in antiviral discovery will also be discussed in this review.The authors believe that pharmacognosy is the“wave of future pharmaceuticals”,as it can be continually produced and scaled up under ecofriendly requirements.Further diagnostic methods and strategies however are required to standardise those naturally occurring resources.
基金supported by program NCET FoundationNSFC(No.30725045)+4 种基金partially supported by Global Research Network for Medicinal Plants(GRNMP)King Saud University,Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.B906),FP7- PEOPLE-IRSES-2008(TCMCANCER Project 230232)Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Special Environments,PLA,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for the Preparation of Bioactive Natural Products(No.10DZ2251300)the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai China(No.09DZ1975700,09DZ1971500, 10DZ1971700)the Twelfth Five-Year National Science & Technology Support Program(No.2012BAI29B06)
文摘One new and 16 known compounds were isolated from Abies sibirica. Their structures were assigned mainly on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. In bioassay for anti-proliferative activity against four human tumor cells, compound 7 exhibited selective anti-proliferative activity against COLO-205 tumor cell with an IC50 value of 0.9 μg/mL.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate terpenes degradation rate in the rumen fluid from adapted and non-adapted animals.Four castrated healthy animals,two rams and two bucks,were used.Animals were daily orally dosed for 2 weeks with 1 g of each of the following terpenes,α-pinene,limonene andβ-caryophyllene.At the end of each week,rumen fluid(RF)samples were assayed in vitro for their potential to degrade terpenes over time.For each animal,a 10 mL reaction medium(RM)at a ratio 1:9(v/v)was prepared and a terpenes solution at a concentration of 100μg/ml each,was added in each RM tube.Tubes were incubated at 39℃ under anaerobic conditions and their contents sampled at 0,2,4,8,21 and 24 h.RF could degrade terpenes as it was shown by the significantly(P<0.05)higher overall degradation rates.Individual terpene degradation rates,were significantly(P<0.05)higher in week 5 for limonene and marginally(P=0.083)higher also in week 5 forα-pinene.In conclusion,the findings of the present preliminary study suggest that terpenes can be degraded in the rumen fluid.
基金supported by Project XWZY-2023-0303 supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation of Xiamen.
文摘In this study,two new kaurane diterpenes(16,17),together with 12 lignans(1-12),a triterpene(15),and two other compounds(13,14)were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara.The structure of the new compound was determined by HR ESIMS and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy,and its absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism(ECD)exciton chirality method.Compounds 5,11,14 exhibit significant hypoglycaemic activity in zebrafish,and their mechanism of action is to enhance glucose uptake in zebrafish.
文摘There is no doubt that the chemical composition of plants,including norvolatile and volatile compounds,is widely affected by abiotic and biotic stress.Plants are able to biosynthesize a variety of secondary metabolites against actions of natural enemies,such as herbivores,fungus,virus and bacteria.The present study revealed that the chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from Ipomoea alba underwent quantitative and qualitative alterations both when infested with the grasshopper Elaeochlora trilineata and mechanically damaged.Grasshopper attack and mechanical wounding induced the biosynthesis of nine volatile compounds in leaves of I.alba:cumene,α-ylangene,β-panasinsene,β-gurjunene aromadendrene,β-funebrene,spirolepechinene,cubenol and sclareolide.The amount of germacrene D(33.2%to 20.4%)decreased when the leaves were mechanically damaged;but when the leaves were attacked by a grasshopper,the germacrene D increased from 33.2%to 39.4%.The results showed that I.alba leaves clearly responded to abiotic and biotic stress and contribute to an understanding of plant responses to stress conditions.
文摘In this work, we propose an original approach to the thin-layer identification of secondary metabolites (terpenes) based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating terpenes to be identified. Its principle consists initially of segmentation by region of each component of the image based on the attribute tuples or colors of each region of the digital image. Then we proceeded to the calculations of region parameters such as standard deviation, entropy, average pixel color, eccentricity from an algorithm on the matlab software. These values allowed us to build a database. Finally, we built an algorithm for identifying secondary metabolites (terpenes) on the basis of these data. The relevance of our method of identifying or recognizing terpenes has been demonstrated compared to other methods, such as the one based on the calculation of frontal ratios which cannot discriminate between two terpenes having the same frontal ratio. The robustness of our method with respect to the identification of linalool, limonene was tested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870022)Chongqing Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.cstc2020jcyjjqX0005)。
文摘Genome mining for the search and discovery of two new globin-like enzymes,TriB from Fusarium poae and TutaA from Schizophyllum commne,are involved in the synthesis of two linear terpenes tricinonoic acid(1)and 2-butenedioic acid(3).Both in vivo heterologous biosynthesis and in vitro biochemical assays showed that these two enzymes catalyzed the C-C double bond cleavage of a cyclic sesquiterpene precursor(-)-germacrene D(7)and a linear diterpene backbone schizostain(2),respectively.Our work presents an unusual formation mechanism of linear terpenes from fungi and expands the functional skills of globin-like enzymes in the synthesis of terpene compounds.
文摘To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct （physical and chemical） and indirect ways （attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials）. Plants are then able to express traits that facilitate ＂top-down＂ control of pests by attracting herbivore predators. Here we investigate the indirect defence mechanism of potato plants by analyzing the volatile patterns of both healthy and aphid- infested plants. Important changes in the emitted terpene pattern by the Myzus persicae infested host plant were observed. Using Solid Phase MicroExtraction （SPME） and GC-MS, the （E）-fl-farnesene （EBF） appeared to be emitted by aphid-infested potato and not by healthy plants. To assess the infochemical role of these volatile releases after aphid damage on the aphidophagous predators Episyrphus balteams, the hoverfly foraging behavior was assessed using the Observer 5.0 software （Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands）. Aphidfree potato plants were also used as a control volatile source in the predator behavioral study. While aphid-infested plants induced efficient searching and acceptation behaviors leading to egg-laying, no kairomonal effect of healthy potato plants was observed, leading to longer immobility durations and shorter searching periods in the net cage. High oviposition rate of E. balteatus was observed when aphid-infested potato was used （mean of 48.9 eggs per laying and per female）. On the other hand, no egg was produced by the hoverfly on healthy aphid-free plants. The E. balteatus foraging and reproductive behaviors according to the volatile emission from aphid-infested plants are discussed in relation to the potential use of active infochemical molecules in integrated aphid pest management.
基金Research foundation of National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering(HF11ZZB06)
文摘Objective To investigate the essential oil profile and terpenes accumulation in the roots of Gynura bicolor （Asteracese） treated by CO2 and LED lighting. Methods G. bicolor herbs were treated by CO2 at the levels of 450 （control） and 1200 （elevated） μmol/mol and LED lighting with white light, RB20 （red/blue=8/2） and RB40 （red/blue=6/4）. Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction-GC MS was employed to analyze terpenes from the essential oil of the roots. Results In all treated-roots, the major components of terpenes were （E）-β-farnesene, α-, β-caryophyllene, α-, β-, γ-elemene, and α-pinene. Increasing CO2 significantly decreased mono- and sesqui-terpenes in the roots under all light conditions, leading to the decreasing yields of the essential oils. Terpenes were at a higher level in RB20-treated roots than that in RB40-treated ones under both control and elevated CO2. Conclusion CO2 （450 μmol/mol） and 20 % blue LED lights are more conducive to the accumulation of terpenes in the roots than 1200 μmol/mol CO2 and 40% blue LED lights.
基金This work was financially supported by grants from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0903200,2018YFA0903201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170060,31870032).
文摘Triterpenes are derived from squalene or oxidosqualene.However,a new class of triterpenes derived from hexaprenyl pyrophosphate has been recently discovered,formed by a new family of chimeric class I triterpene synthases.The cyclization mechanisms of triterpenes were elucidated by isotopic labeling and protein structural analyses,which helps understand the biosynthesis of triterpenes in nature.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(grant no.2019JZZY020610)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018YFA0900600)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31970315)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China(grant no.SKLPG2016A-13).
文摘Terpenes,the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites,have received considerable attention for their highly diverse biological activities.Monoterpenes(C10),sesquiterpenes(C15),diterpenes(C20),and triterpenes(C30)have been extensively investigated at both the biochemical and molecular levels over the past two decades.Sesterterpenes(C25),an understudied terpenoid group,were recently described by plant scientists at the molecular level.This review summarizes the plant species that produce sesterterpenes and describes recent developments in the field of sesterterpene biosynthesis,placing a special focus on the catalytic mechanism and evolution of geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase and sesterterpene synthase.Finally,we propose several questions to be addressed in future studies,which may help to elucidate sesterterpene metabolism in plants.
文摘Hemp(Cannabis Sativa L.)is a broadly grown plant worldwide.In recent years,the cannabidiol(CBD)and terpene species in hemp have drawn increasing research interests due to their human health benefits and pharmaceutical values such as anti-anxiety,pain-relief,relaxation promotion,anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activities.However,the research and application of hemp CBD and terpenes in food systems are scarcely reported,because of various legal regulations,consumer basis and technological challenges.In addition,processing technologies of hemp such as drying,extraction and purifi cation for stable productions of high quality and food-safe CBD and terpene for food purposes have not been extensively studied,lacking thorough reviews.Therefore,in this comprehensive review,the basic characteristics of hemp CBD and terpenes,and their related legal regulations around the world are summarized;the status and technological challenges in the incorporation of hemp CBD and terpenes in food products,and in processing technologies of hemp biomass are identified and discussed;potential solutions,future trends,and research needs are highlighted.The fi ndings from this review may excite more food-related research on hemp processing and CBD/terpenes applications in foods.It can also help the hemp industry to improve the processing effi ciency of hemp as a valuable bioresource,and for food manufacturers to shape their paths to use hemp CBD and terpenes as future functional food ingredients.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908300)the Natural Science Foundation of China(22138006,22278240).
文摘Terpenoids,one of the most diverse and structurally varied natural products in nature,are widely distributed in plants,microbes,and other organisms.Their structural diversity confers significant importance in medicine,food,flavorings,and energy.However,traditional methods of plant extraction and chemical synthesis have limitations in industrial applications.Consequently,microbial cell factories have emerged as an important platform for terpenoid production.Terpene synthases(TPSs)are crucial in determining the structural and functional diversity of terpenoids.This review discussed the origin and classificationof TPSs,outlines commonly used TPS mining methods,and summarizes advances in TPS engineering.In addition,it also explores the influenceof machine learning on enzyme mining,the existing challenges and the future opportunities alongside cutting-edge technologies.
文摘The ajenjo,Artemisia mendozana DC.var.mendozana(Asteraceae),grows in the Andean foothills of Mendoza and San Juan,Argentina,and is used as a medicinal plant for its antispasmodic and antifungal properties.The aim of this work was to obtain fractions of a chloroform extract of ajenjo leaves and to evaluate the in vitro effects on proliferation,viability and clonogenicity of B16-F0 melanoma cells.Using a silica gel chromatography column,120 fractions were collected and grouped according to the chromatographic profile in 9 main fractions(F1–F9).Their major compounds identified were:terpenes(F1),terpenes and sesquiterpene lactones(F2–F3),sesquiterpenes(F4–F6)and phenols and sesquiterpenes(F7-9).B16-F0 cells were incubated for 72 h with DMSO(vehicle)or 0.1 mg/ml F1–F9.At 72 h of culture,F1 decreased both the growing index(GI)and cell viability.F2 and F3 both decreased GI and only F3 decreased clonogenic activity.F4 and F5 both decreased GI.Only F5 decreased cell viability and F4 decreased clonogenicity.Consequently,fractions F6–F8 did not affect any of the cell parameters assayed,while F9 decreased cell viability and inhibited clonogenicity.
基金Support from the Australian Research Council (project ID:LP140100650)
文摘Replacement of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） by greener or more environmentally sustainable solvents is becoming increasingly important due to the increasing health and environmental concerns as well as economic pressures associated with VOCs. Solvents that are derived from biomass, namely bio-derived solvents, are a type of green solvent that have attracted intensive investigations in recent years because of their advantages over con- ventional VOCs, such as low toxicity, biodegradability and renewability. This review aims to summarize the use of bio-derived solvents in solvent extraction applications, with special emphasis given to utilization of biodiesels and terpenes. Compared with the conventional VOCs, the overall performance of these bio-derived solvents is comparable in terms of extraction yields and selectivity for natural product extraction and no difference was found for metal extraction. To date most researchers have focused on laboratory scale thermodynamics studies. Future work is required to develop and test new bio-derived solvents and understand the kinetic performance as well as solvent extraction nilnt nlant studies.
文摘The ginkgo terpenoids including bilobalide and ginkgolides are the main pharmaceutical components in the leaves or extracts of Ginkgo biloba L. In this paper, the analysis of bilobalide and ginkgolides in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) was carried out. The separation was performed on Inertsil ODS3 column with methanol-water (36:64) as mobile phase, with 1 mL·min -1 of flow rate at 35℃. Then the mass spectrum analysis was conducted by ZMD micromass electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometer (MS). The HPLC total ion chromatogram and selected ion chromatogram (with 325, 407, 423, 439 of m/z) of the sample and ESI-/MS mass spectra of the peaks in the chromatograms were obtained. So bilobalide, ginkgolide A, B, C and J in Ginkgo biloba L. leaves were identified. The method is easy and rapid, with a good accuracy.
基金the College of Food and Dairy Technology,Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University(TANUVAS)Chennai,India for providing the Ph D research fellowship
文摘Essential oils(EOs)are more complex and comprise a number of volatile and natural bioactive compounds,which often used in food industries as the best alternatives.This review focuses on the impact of EOs and the roles of their major components in food manufacturing as natural preservatives with the related mechanisms of action.In addition,the major bioactive molecules of different types of EOs and their pharmacological activities such as antioxidant,antifungal and antimicrobial effects on crop protection were also discussed.The major compounds of EOs represent potential antioxidant,antimicrobial and antifungal activities through various mechanisms.Different types of EOs such as tea tree oil,lemon oil,clove oil,cinnamon oil and thyme oil from various traditional plants,have significantly showed better antimicrobial and antioxidant activities,and also effectively increased the shelf lives of the cereal products and increased the quality of food safety.The major groups of EOs such as terpenes and aromatic volatile compounds,play a key role in food safety without affecting the quality.Due to their various activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities,EOs could be used as alternative preservatives to increase the shelf lives of cereals and crops.
