Terpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms.Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants.Beta-caryophyllene can be sourc...Terpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms.Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants.Beta-caryophyllene can be sourced from clove and cannabis amongst others,and d-limonene is abundant in the Citrus genera.Apart from their use in agriculture,cosmetics,and food industries,these terpenes possess a wide range of therapeutic activities,including antimicrobial,analgesic,and anticancer activities.This review discusses the anticancer effects of these two compounds against malignant tumors including breast,lung,gastrointestinal,bone,blood,endometrial,and bladder cancer.Beta-caryophyllene induces apoptosis and prevents proliferation and metastasis through the downregulation of HSP60,HTRA,survivin,XIAP,Bcl-xL,and Bcl-2 and the upregulation of caspase 3,annexin V,p21,Bad,Bak,and Bax.The anticancer activity is also mediated by G1/M arrest,ROS induction,and JAK1/STAT activation.d-Limonene exerts its anticancer effects by upregulating autophagy-linked genes,Bax,and caspase 3 and downregulating cyclin D1 and Bcl-2.These compounds also elicit synergistic effects upon co-administration with anticancer drugs and show great prospects as useful agents in the fight against cancer.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health challenge,mainly affecting the elderly population and compromising their cognitive,sensory,and motor functions.Currently,available therapies focus on alleviating sy...Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health challenge,mainly affecting the elderly population and compromising their cognitive,sensory,and motor functions.Currently,available therapies focus on alleviating symptoms and slowing the progression of these conditions,but they do not yet offer a definitive cure.In this scenario,terpenes emerge as promising natural alternatives due to their neuroprotective properties.These compounds can reduce the formation of protein aggregates,neutralize free radicals,and inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes,which are crucial factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.In addition,terpenes also play an important role in the regulation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix,a key target for improving neuronal functions.Substances such as linalool,pinene,and eugenol,among others,have potential therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress processes,the main factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases.Studies suggest that these compounds act on signaling pathways that regulate the extracellular matrix,improving neuronal integrity and,consequently,cognitive and motor function.This work aims to review the potential of terpenes in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders,with emphasis on their ability to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation,as well as to remodel the extracellular matrix.The interaction between these mechanisms points to the promising use of terpenes as an innovative and natural therapeutic approach to combat these diseases.展开更多
In this study,two new kaurane diterpenes(16,17),together with 12 lignans(1-12),a triterpene(15),and two other compounds(13,14)were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara.The structure of the new compound was deter...In this study,two new kaurane diterpenes(16,17),together with 12 lignans(1-12),a triterpene(15),and two other compounds(13,14)were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara.The structure of the new compound was determined by HR ESIMS and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy,and its absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism(ECD)exciton chirality method.Compounds 5,11,14 exhibit significant hypoglycaemic activity in zebrafish,and their mechanism of action is to enhance glucose uptake in zebrafish.展开更多
Since the olden times,infectious diseases have largely affected human existence.The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs.The casualties of these...Since the olden times,infectious diseases have largely affected human existence.The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs.The casualties of these emergencies are significantly influenced by the way human beings interact with the reservoirs,especially the animal ones.In our review we will consider the evolutionary and the ecological scales of such infections and their consequences on the public health,with a focus on the pathogenic influenza A virus.The nutraceutical properties of fungal and plant terpene-like molecules will be linked to their ability to lessen the symptoms of viral infections and shed light on their potential use in the development of new drugs.New challenging methods in antiviral discovery will also be discussed in this review.The authors believe that pharmacognosy is the“wave of future pharmaceuticals”,as it can be continually produced and scaled up under ecofriendly requirements.Further diagnostic methods and strategies however are required to standardise those naturally occurring resources.展开更多
One new and 16 known compounds were isolated from Abies sibirica. Their structures were assigned mainly on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. In bioassay for anti-proliferative activity against four human tum...One new and 16 known compounds were isolated from Abies sibirica. Their structures were assigned mainly on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. In bioassay for anti-proliferative activity against four human tumor cells, compound 7 exhibited selective anti-proliferative activity against COLO-205 tumor cell with an IC50 value of 0.9 μg/mL.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate terpenes degradation rate in the rumen fluid from adapted and non-adapted animals.Four castrated healthy animals,two rams and two bucks,were used.Animals were daily orally ...The aim of the present study was to evaluate terpenes degradation rate in the rumen fluid from adapted and non-adapted animals.Four castrated healthy animals,two rams and two bucks,were used.Animals were daily orally dosed for 2 weeks with 1 g of each of the following terpenes,α-pinene,limonene andβ-caryophyllene.At the end of each week,rumen fluid(RF)samples were assayed in vitro for their potential to degrade terpenes over time.For each animal,a 10 mL reaction medium(RM)at a ratio 1:9(v/v)was prepared and a terpenes solution at a concentration of 100μg/ml each,was added in each RM tube.Tubes were incubated at 39℃ under anaerobic conditions and their contents sampled at 0,2,4,8,21 and 24 h.RF could degrade terpenes as it was shown by the significantly(P<0.05)higher overall degradation rates.Individual terpene degradation rates,were significantly(P<0.05)higher in week 5 for limonene and marginally(P=0.083)higher also in week 5 forα-pinene.In conclusion,the findings of the present preliminary study suggest that terpenes can be degraded in the rumen fluid.展开更多
There is no doubt that the chemical composition of plants,including norvolatile and volatile compounds,is widely affected by abiotic and biotic stress.Plants are able to biosynthesize a variety of secondary metabolite...There is no doubt that the chemical composition of plants,including norvolatile and volatile compounds,is widely affected by abiotic and biotic stress.Plants are able to biosynthesize a variety of secondary metabolites against actions of natural enemies,such as herbivores,fungus,virus and bacteria.The present study revealed that the chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from Ipomoea alba underwent quantitative and qualitative alterations both when infested with the grasshopper Elaeochlora trilineata and mechanically damaged.Grasshopper attack and mechanical wounding induced the biosynthesis of nine volatile compounds in leaves of I.alba:cumene,α-ylangene,β-panasinsene,β-gurjunene aromadendrene,β-funebrene,spirolepechinene,cubenol and sclareolide.The amount of germacrene D(33.2%to 20.4%)decreased when the leaves were mechanically damaged;but when the leaves were attacked by a grasshopper,the germacrene D increased from 33.2%to 39.4%.The results showed that I.alba leaves clearly responded to abiotic and biotic stress and contribute to an understanding of plant responses to stress conditions.展开更多
In this work, we propose an original approach to the thin-layer identification of secondary metabolites (terpenes) based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating terpenes to be identified. Its principle...In this work, we propose an original approach to the thin-layer identification of secondary metabolites (terpenes) based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating terpenes to be identified. Its principle consists initially of segmentation by region of each component of the image based on the attribute tuples or colors of each region of the digital image. Then we proceeded to the calculations of region parameters such as standard deviation, entropy, average pixel color, eccentricity from an algorithm on the matlab software. These values allowed us to build a database. Finally, we built an algorithm for identifying secondary metabolites (terpenes) on the basis of these data. The relevance of our method of identifying or recognizing terpenes has been demonstrated compared to other methods, such as the one based on the calculation of frontal ratios which cannot discriminate between two terpenes having the same frontal ratio. The robustness of our method with respect to the identification of linalool, limonene was tested.展开更多
Genome mining for the search and discovery of two new globin-like enzymes,TriB from Fusarium poae and TutaA from Schizophyllum commne,are involved in the synthesis of two linear terpenes tricinonoic acid(1)and 2-buten...Genome mining for the search and discovery of two new globin-like enzymes,TriB from Fusarium poae and TutaA from Schizophyllum commne,are involved in the synthesis of two linear terpenes tricinonoic acid(1)and 2-butenedioic acid(3).Both in vivo heterologous biosynthesis and in vitro biochemical assays showed that these two enzymes catalyzed the C-C double bond cleavage of a cyclic sesquiterpene precursor(-)-germacrene D(7)and a linear diterpene backbone schizostain(2),respectively.Our work presents an unusual formation mechanism of linear terpenes from fungi and expands the functional skills of globin-like enzymes in the synthesis of terpene compounds.展开更多
To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct （physical and chemical） and indirect ways （attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials）. Plants are th...To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct （physical and chemical） and indirect ways （attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials）. Plants are then able to express traits that facilitate ＂top-down＂ control of pests by attracting herbivore predators. Here we investigate the indirect defence mechanism of potato plants by analyzing the volatile patterns of both healthy and aphid- infested plants. Important changes in the emitted terpene pattern by the Myzus persicae infested host plant were observed. Using Solid Phase MicroExtraction （SPME） and GC-MS, the （E）-fl-farnesene （EBF） appeared to be emitted by aphid-infested potato and not by healthy plants. To assess the infochemical role of these volatile releases after aphid damage on the aphidophagous predators Episyrphus balteams, the hoverfly foraging behavior was assessed using the Observer 5.0 software （Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands）. Aphidfree potato plants were also used as a control volatile source in the predator behavioral study. While aphid-infested plants induced efficient searching and acceptation behaviors leading to egg-laying, no kairomonal effect of healthy potato plants was observed, leading to longer immobility durations and shorter searching periods in the net cage. High oviposition rate of E. balteatus was observed when aphid-infested potato was used （mean of 48.9 eggs per laying and per female）. On the other hand, no egg was produced by the hoverfly on healthy aphid-free plants. The E. balteatus foraging and reproductive behaviors according to the volatile emission from aphid-infested plants are discussed in relation to the potential use of active infochemical molecules in integrated aphid pest management.展开更多
Objective To investigate the essential oil profile and terpenes accumulation in the roots of Gynura bicolor （Asteracese） treated by CO2 and LED lighting. Methods G. bicolor herbs were treated by CO2 at the levels of...Objective To investigate the essential oil profile and terpenes accumulation in the roots of Gynura bicolor （Asteracese） treated by CO2 and LED lighting. Methods G. bicolor herbs were treated by CO2 at the levels of 450 （control） and 1200 （elevated） μmol/mol and LED lighting with white light, RB20 （red/blue=8/2） and RB40 （red/blue=6/4）. Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction-GC MS was employed to analyze terpenes from the essential oil of the roots. Results In all treated-roots, the major components of terpenes were （E）-β-farnesene, α-, β-caryophyllene, α-, β-, γ-elemene, and α-pinene. Increasing CO2 significantly decreased mono- and sesqui-terpenes in the roots under all light conditions, leading to the decreasing yields of the essential oils. Terpenes were at a higher level in RB20-treated roots than that in RB40-treated ones under both control and elevated CO2. Conclusion CO2 （450 μmol/mol） and 20 % blue LED lights are more conducive to the accumulation of terpenes in the roots than 1200 μmol/mol CO2 and 40% blue LED lights.展开更多
Triterpenes are derived from squalene or oxidosqualene.However,a new class of triterpenes derived from hexaprenyl pyrophosphate has been recently discovered,formed by a new family of chimeric class I triterpene syntha...Triterpenes are derived from squalene or oxidosqualene.However,a new class of triterpenes derived from hexaprenyl pyrophosphate has been recently discovered,formed by a new family of chimeric class I triterpene synthases.The cyclization mechanisms of triterpenes were elucidated by isotopic labeling and protein structural analyses,which helps understand the biosynthesis of triterpenes in nature.展开更多
Terpenes,the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites,have received considerable attention for their highly diverse biological activities.Monoterpenes(C10),sesquiterpenes(C15),diterpenes(C20),and triterpenes(C30...Terpenes,the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites,have received considerable attention for their highly diverse biological activities.Monoterpenes(C10),sesquiterpenes(C15),diterpenes(C20),and triterpenes(C30)have been extensively investigated at both the biochemical and molecular levels over the past two decades.Sesterterpenes(C25),an understudied terpenoid group,were recently described by plant scientists at the molecular level.This review summarizes the plant species that produce sesterterpenes and describes recent developments in the field of sesterterpene biosynthesis,placing a special focus on the catalytic mechanism and evolution of geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase and sesterterpene synthase.Finally,we propose several questions to be addressed in future studies,which may help to elucidate sesterterpene metabolism in plants.展开更多
Hemp(Cannabis Sativa L.)is a broadly grown plant worldwide.In recent years,the cannabidiol(CBD)and terpene species in hemp have drawn increasing research interests due to their human health benefits and pharmaceutical...Hemp(Cannabis Sativa L.)is a broadly grown plant worldwide.In recent years,the cannabidiol(CBD)and terpene species in hemp have drawn increasing research interests due to their human health benefits and pharmaceutical values such as anti-anxiety,pain-relief,relaxation promotion,anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activities.However,the research and application of hemp CBD and terpenes in food systems are scarcely reported,because of various legal regulations,consumer basis and technological challenges.In addition,processing technologies of hemp such as drying,extraction and purifi cation for stable productions of high quality and food-safe CBD and terpene for food purposes have not been extensively studied,lacking thorough reviews.Therefore,in this comprehensive review,the basic characteristics of hemp CBD and terpenes,and their related legal regulations around the world are summarized;the status and technological challenges in the incorporation of hemp CBD and terpenes in food products,and in processing technologies of hemp biomass are identified and discussed;potential solutions,future trends,and research needs are highlighted.The fi ndings from this review may excite more food-related research on hemp processing and CBD/terpenes applications in foods.It can also help the hemp industry to improve the processing effi ciency of hemp as a valuable bioresource,and for food manufacturers to shape their paths to use hemp CBD and terpenes as future functional food ingredients.展开更多
Coordination polymerization of renewable β-ocimene has been investigated using asymmetric diiminophosphinate lutetium complex1, β-diketiminate yttrium complex 2, bis(phosphino)carbazolide yttrium complex 3, half-san...Coordination polymerization of renewable β-ocimene has been investigated using asymmetric diiminophosphinate lutetium complex1, β-diketiminate yttrium complex 2, bis(phosphino)carbazolide yttrium complex 3, half-sandwich benzyl fluorenyl scandium complex 4 and pyridyl-methylene-fluorenyl rare-metal complexes 5a–5c. Complexes 1, 4 and 5a–5c show trans-1,2-regioselectivities and high activities, of which 5c exhibits excellent isoselectivity(mmmm>99%). Conversely, complexes 2 and 3 promote β-ocimene polymerization to produce isotactic cis-1,4-polyocimenes(cis-1,4>99%, mm>95%). Diblock copolymers cis-1,4-PIP-block-cis-1,4-POc and cis-1,4-PBD-block-cis-1,4-POc are obtained in one-pot reactions of β-ocimene with isoprene and butadiene using complex 3. Epoxidation and hydroxylation of polyocimene afford functionalized polyolefins with enhanced T_(g)(from-20 ℃ to 79 ℃ and 74 ℃) and hydrophilicity.展开更多
Terpenoids,known for their structural and functional diversity,are highly valued,especially in food,cosmetics,and cleaning products.Microbial biosynthesis has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly appr...Terpenoids,known for their structural and functional diversity,are highly valued,especially in food,cosmetics,and cleaning products.Microbial biosynthesis has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for the production of terpenoids.However,the natural enzymes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids have problems such as low activity,poor specificity,and insufficient stability,which limit the biosynthesis efficiency.Enzyme engineering plays a pivotal role in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.By modifying the structures and functions of key enzymes,researchers have significantly improved the catalytic activity,specificity,and stability of enzymes related to terpenoid synthesis,providing strong support for the sustainable production of terpenoids.This article reviews the strategies for the modification of key enzymes in microbial synthesis of terpenoids,including improving enzyme activity and stability,changing specificity,and promoting mass transfer through multi-enzyme collaboration.Additionally,this article looks forward to the challenges and development directions of enzyme engineering in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.展开更多
Jasmine(Jasminum sambac Aiton)is a well-known cultivated plant species for its fragrant flowers used in the perfume industry and cosmetics.However,the genetic basis of its floral scent is largely unknown.In this study...Jasmine(Jasminum sambac Aiton)is a well-known cultivated plant species for its fragrant flowers used in the perfume industry and cosmetics.However,the genetic basis of its floral scent is largely unknown.In this study,using PacBio,Illumina,10×Genomics and highthroughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)sequencing technologies,a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for J.sambac was obtained,exploiting a double-petal phenotype cultivar‘Shuangbanmoli’(JSSB).The results showed that the final assembled genome of JSSB is 580.33 Mb in size(contig N50=1.05 Mb;scaffold N50=45.07 Mb)with a total of 39618 predicted protein-coding genes.Our analyses revealed that the JSSB genome has undergone an ancient whole-genome duplication(WGD)event at 91.68 million years ago(Mya).It was estimated that J.sambac diverged from the lineage leading to Olea europaea and Osmanthus fragrans about 28.8 Mya.On the basis of a combination of genomic,transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses,a range of floral scent volatiles and genes were identified involved in the benzenoid/phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of its fragrance biosynthesis in jasmine.展开更多
To discover novel and efficient compounds against Aphis gossypii Glover,a series of novel terpene ester derivatives containing the structure of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane were designed and synthesized using tschimganin as t...To discover novel and efficient compounds against Aphis gossypii Glover,a series of novel terpene ester derivatives containing the structure of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane were designed and synthesized using tschimganin as the lead compound.Bioactivity assays showed that most tschimganin analogs exhibited moderate to outstanding insecticidal activity against A.gossypii.In particular,compound 56(LC_(50)=0.28μg mL^(-1)),identified as(1S,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl nicotinate,exhibited the best activity,which was significantly superior to that of imidacloprid(LC_(50)=0.54μg mL^(-1))and sulfoxaflor(LC_(50)=0.70μg mL^(-1)).The precise and dependable 3D-QSAR model suggests a promising direction for further design of more active tschimganin-based insecticides.Metabolomics showed that compound 56 disrupted detoxification,amino acid biosynthesis,and energy metabolism and may affect the central nervous system of A.gossypii.The results of this study indicated that tschimganin analogs are a potential new class of green insecticides that can be used for the integrated management of A.gossypii.展开更多
Owing to the spread of COVID-19,it is difficult to ignore the existence and importance of antimicrobial polymers(AMPs)because most protective appliances are made of polymers.Generally,bacteria prefer hydrophilic compo...Owing to the spread of COVID-19,it is difficult to ignore the existence and importance of antimicrobial polymers(AMPs)because most protective appliances are made of polymers.Generally,bacteria prefer hydrophilic compounds,while fungi prefer hydrophobic ones.In recent decades,AMPs have made significant strides due to the versatile design of the functional groups or units for hydrophilic,hydrophobic,or amphiphilic performances.This review summarizes the advances of AMPs itself from the perspective of their wettability.Moreover,this study aims to clarify how the functional groups determine the interaction between the polymer and microorganisms directly affects the antimicrobial efficacy of the designed polymers.Based on the advances,the challenges and outlooks of AMPs from the perspective of wettability are systematically discussed to build a bridge between the structural design of AMPs and the requirements of practical applications.展开更多
文摘Terpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms.Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants.Beta-caryophyllene can be sourced from clove and cannabis amongst others,and d-limonene is abundant in the Citrus genera.Apart from their use in agriculture,cosmetics,and food industries,these terpenes possess a wide range of therapeutic activities,including antimicrobial,analgesic,and anticancer activities.This review discusses the anticancer effects of these two compounds against malignant tumors including breast,lung,gastrointestinal,bone,blood,endometrial,and bladder cancer.Beta-caryophyllene induces apoptosis and prevents proliferation and metastasis through the downregulation of HSP60,HTRA,survivin,XIAP,Bcl-xL,and Bcl-2 and the upregulation of caspase 3,annexin V,p21,Bad,Bak,and Bax.The anticancer activity is also mediated by G1/M arrest,ROS induction,and JAK1/STAT activation.d-Limonene exerts its anticancer effects by upregulating autophagy-linked genes,Bax,and caspase 3 and downregulating cyclin D1 and Bcl-2.These compounds also elicit synergistic effects upon co-administration with anticancer drugs and show great prospects as useful agents in the fight against cancer.
基金Anderson Nogueira Mendes(#302704/2023-0)is grateful to the public Brazilian agency“Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico”(CNPq)for their personal scholarships.
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health challenge,mainly affecting the elderly population and compromising their cognitive,sensory,and motor functions.Currently,available therapies focus on alleviating symptoms and slowing the progression of these conditions,but they do not yet offer a definitive cure.In this scenario,terpenes emerge as promising natural alternatives due to their neuroprotective properties.These compounds can reduce the formation of protein aggregates,neutralize free radicals,and inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes,which are crucial factors in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.In addition,terpenes also play an important role in the regulation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix,a key target for improving neuronal functions.Substances such as linalool,pinene,and eugenol,among others,have potential therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress processes,the main factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases.Studies suggest that these compounds act on signaling pathways that regulate the extracellular matrix,improving neuronal integrity and,consequently,cognitive and motor function.This work aims to review the potential of terpenes in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders,with emphasis on their ability to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation,as well as to remodel the extracellular matrix.The interaction between these mechanisms points to the promising use of terpenes as an innovative and natural therapeutic approach to combat these diseases.
基金supported by Project XWZY-2023-0303 supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation of Xiamen.
文摘In this study,two new kaurane diterpenes(16,17),together with 12 lignans(1-12),a triterpene(15),and two other compounds(13,14)were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara.The structure of the new compound was determined by HR ESIMS and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy,and its absolute configuration was determined by electronic circular dichroism(ECD)exciton chirality method.Compounds 5,11,14 exhibit significant hypoglycaemic activity in zebrafish,and their mechanism of action is to enhance glucose uptake in zebrafish.
基金the Leverhulme Trust(ECF-2018-691)the University of Warwick through an Early Career Fellowship.
文摘Since the olden times,infectious diseases have largely affected human existence.The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs.The casualties of these emergencies are significantly influenced by the way human beings interact with the reservoirs,especially the animal ones.In our review we will consider the evolutionary and the ecological scales of such infections and their consequences on the public health,with a focus on the pathogenic influenza A virus.The nutraceutical properties of fungal and plant terpene-like molecules will be linked to their ability to lessen the symptoms of viral infections and shed light on their potential use in the development of new drugs.New challenging methods in antiviral discovery will also be discussed in this review.The authors believe that pharmacognosy is the“wave of future pharmaceuticals”,as it can be continually produced and scaled up under ecofriendly requirements.Further diagnostic methods and strategies however are required to standardise those naturally occurring resources.
基金supported by program NCET FoundationNSFC(No.30725045)+4 种基金partially supported by Global Research Network for Medicinal Plants(GRNMP)King Saud University,Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.B906),FP7- PEOPLE-IRSES-2008(TCMCANCER Project 230232)Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Special Environments,PLA,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for the Preparation of Bioactive Natural Products(No.10DZ2251300)the Scientific Foundation of Shanghai China(No.09DZ1975700,09DZ1971500, 10DZ1971700)the Twelfth Five-Year National Science & Technology Support Program(No.2012BAI29B06)
文摘One new and 16 known compounds were isolated from Abies sibirica. Their structures were assigned mainly on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. In bioassay for anti-proliferative activity against four human tumor cells, compound 7 exhibited selective anti-proliferative activity against COLO-205 tumor cell with an IC50 value of 0.9 μg/mL.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate terpenes degradation rate in the rumen fluid from adapted and non-adapted animals.Four castrated healthy animals,two rams and two bucks,were used.Animals were daily orally dosed for 2 weeks with 1 g of each of the following terpenes,α-pinene,limonene andβ-caryophyllene.At the end of each week,rumen fluid(RF)samples were assayed in vitro for their potential to degrade terpenes over time.For each animal,a 10 mL reaction medium(RM)at a ratio 1:9(v/v)was prepared and a terpenes solution at a concentration of 100μg/ml each,was added in each RM tube.Tubes were incubated at 39℃ under anaerobic conditions and their contents sampled at 0,2,4,8,21 and 24 h.RF could degrade terpenes as it was shown by the significantly(P<0.05)higher overall degradation rates.Individual terpene degradation rates,were significantly(P<0.05)higher in week 5 for limonene and marginally(P=0.083)higher also in week 5 forα-pinene.In conclusion,the findings of the present preliminary study suggest that terpenes can be degraded in the rumen fluid.
文摘There is no doubt that the chemical composition of plants,including norvolatile and volatile compounds,is widely affected by abiotic and biotic stress.Plants are able to biosynthesize a variety of secondary metabolites against actions of natural enemies,such as herbivores,fungus,virus and bacteria.The present study revealed that the chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from Ipomoea alba underwent quantitative and qualitative alterations both when infested with the grasshopper Elaeochlora trilineata and mechanically damaged.Grasshopper attack and mechanical wounding induced the biosynthesis of nine volatile compounds in leaves of I.alba:cumene,α-ylangene,β-panasinsene,β-gurjunene aromadendrene,β-funebrene,spirolepechinene,cubenol and sclareolide.The amount of germacrene D(33.2%to 20.4%)decreased when the leaves were mechanically damaged;but when the leaves were attacked by a grasshopper,the germacrene D increased from 33.2%to 39.4%.The results showed that I.alba leaves clearly responded to abiotic and biotic stress and contribute to an understanding of plant responses to stress conditions.
文摘In this work, we propose an original approach to the thin-layer identification of secondary metabolites (terpenes) based on the acquisition of multicomponent images integrating terpenes to be identified. Its principle consists initially of segmentation by region of each component of the image based on the attribute tuples or colors of each region of the digital image. Then we proceeded to the calculations of region parameters such as standard deviation, entropy, average pixel color, eccentricity from an algorithm on the matlab software. These values allowed us to build a database. Finally, we built an algorithm for identifying secondary metabolites (terpenes) on the basis of these data. The relevance of our method of identifying or recognizing terpenes has been demonstrated compared to other methods, such as the one based on the calculation of frontal ratios which cannot discriminate between two terpenes having the same frontal ratio. The robustness of our method with respect to the identification of linalool, limonene was tested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870022)Chongqing Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.cstc2020jcyjjqX0005)。
文摘Genome mining for the search and discovery of two new globin-like enzymes,TriB from Fusarium poae and TutaA from Schizophyllum commne,are involved in the synthesis of two linear terpenes tricinonoic acid(1)and 2-butenedioic acid(3).Both in vivo heterologous biosynthesis and in vitro biochemical assays showed that these two enzymes catalyzed the C-C double bond cleavage of a cyclic sesquiterpene precursor(-)-germacrene D(7)and a linear diterpene backbone schizostain(2),respectively.Our work presents an unusual formation mechanism of linear terpenes from fungi and expands the functional skills of globin-like enzymes in the synthesis of terpene compounds.
文摘To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct （physical and chemical） and indirect ways （attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials）. Plants are then able to express traits that facilitate ＂top-down＂ control of pests by attracting herbivore predators. Here we investigate the indirect defence mechanism of potato plants by analyzing the volatile patterns of both healthy and aphid- infested plants. Important changes in the emitted terpene pattern by the Myzus persicae infested host plant were observed. Using Solid Phase MicroExtraction （SPME） and GC-MS, the （E）-fl-farnesene （EBF） appeared to be emitted by aphid-infested potato and not by healthy plants. To assess the infochemical role of these volatile releases after aphid damage on the aphidophagous predators Episyrphus balteams, the hoverfly foraging behavior was assessed using the Observer 5.0 software （Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands）. Aphidfree potato plants were also used as a control volatile source in the predator behavioral study. While aphid-infested plants induced efficient searching and acceptation behaviors leading to egg-laying, no kairomonal effect of healthy potato plants was observed, leading to longer immobility durations and shorter searching periods in the net cage. High oviposition rate of E. balteatus was observed when aphid-infested potato was used （mean of 48.9 eggs per laying and per female）. On the other hand, no egg was produced by the hoverfly on healthy aphid-free plants. The E. balteatus foraging and reproductive behaviors according to the volatile emission from aphid-infested plants are discussed in relation to the potential use of active infochemical molecules in integrated aphid pest management.
基金Research foundation of National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering(HF11ZZB06)
文摘Objective To investigate the essential oil profile and terpenes accumulation in the roots of Gynura bicolor （Asteracese） treated by CO2 and LED lighting. Methods G. bicolor herbs were treated by CO2 at the levels of 450 （control） and 1200 （elevated） μmol/mol and LED lighting with white light, RB20 （red/blue=8/2） and RB40 （red/blue=6/4）. Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction-GC MS was employed to analyze terpenes from the essential oil of the roots. Results In all treated-roots, the major components of terpenes were （E）-β-farnesene, α-, β-caryophyllene, α-, β-, γ-elemene, and α-pinene. Increasing CO2 significantly decreased mono- and sesqui-terpenes in the roots under all light conditions, leading to the decreasing yields of the essential oils. Terpenes were at a higher level in RB20-treated roots than that in RB40-treated ones under both control and elevated CO2. Conclusion CO2 （450 μmol/mol） and 20 % blue LED lights are more conducive to the accumulation of terpenes in the roots than 1200 μmol/mol CO2 and 40% blue LED lights.
基金This work was financially supported by grants from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0903200,2018YFA0903201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170060,31870032).
文摘Triterpenes are derived from squalene or oxidosqualene.However,a new class of triterpenes derived from hexaprenyl pyrophosphate has been recently discovered,formed by a new family of chimeric class I triterpene synthases.The cyclization mechanisms of triterpenes were elucidated by isotopic labeling and protein structural analyses,which helps understand the biosynthesis of triterpenes in nature.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(grant no.2019JZZY020610)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018YFA0900600)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31970315)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China(grant no.SKLPG2016A-13).
文摘Terpenes,the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites,have received considerable attention for their highly diverse biological activities.Monoterpenes(C10),sesquiterpenes(C15),diterpenes(C20),and triterpenes(C30)have been extensively investigated at both the biochemical and molecular levels over the past two decades.Sesterterpenes(C25),an understudied terpenoid group,were recently described by plant scientists at the molecular level.This review summarizes the plant species that produce sesterterpenes and describes recent developments in the field of sesterterpene biosynthesis,placing a special focus on the catalytic mechanism and evolution of geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase and sesterterpene synthase.Finally,we propose several questions to be addressed in future studies,which may help to elucidate sesterterpene metabolism in plants.
文摘Hemp(Cannabis Sativa L.)is a broadly grown plant worldwide.In recent years,the cannabidiol(CBD)and terpene species in hemp have drawn increasing research interests due to their human health benefits and pharmaceutical values such as anti-anxiety,pain-relief,relaxation promotion,anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activities.However,the research and application of hemp CBD and terpenes in food systems are scarcely reported,because of various legal regulations,consumer basis and technological challenges.In addition,processing technologies of hemp such as drying,extraction and purifi cation for stable productions of high quality and food-safe CBD and terpene for food purposes have not been extensively studied,lacking thorough reviews.Therefore,in this comprehensive review,the basic characteristics of hemp CBD and terpenes,and their related legal regulations around the world are summarized;the status and technological challenges in the incorporation of hemp CBD and terpenes in food products,and in processing technologies of hemp biomass are identified and discussed;potential solutions,future trends,and research needs are highlighted.The fi ndings from this review may excite more food-related research on hemp processing and CBD/terpenes applications in foods.It can also help the hemp industry to improve the processing effi ciency of hemp as a valuable bioresource,and for food manufacturers to shape their paths to use hemp CBD and terpenes as future functional food ingredients.
基金financially supported by the open research fund program of Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory (No. STACPL120221B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. s22175059,52073275 and U21A20279)。
文摘Coordination polymerization of renewable β-ocimene has been investigated using asymmetric diiminophosphinate lutetium complex1, β-diketiminate yttrium complex 2, bis(phosphino)carbazolide yttrium complex 3, half-sandwich benzyl fluorenyl scandium complex 4 and pyridyl-methylene-fluorenyl rare-metal complexes 5a–5c. Complexes 1, 4 and 5a–5c show trans-1,2-regioselectivities and high activities, of which 5c exhibits excellent isoselectivity(mmmm>99%). Conversely, complexes 2 and 3 promote β-ocimene polymerization to produce isotactic cis-1,4-polyocimenes(cis-1,4>99%, mm>95%). Diblock copolymers cis-1,4-PIP-block-cis-1,4-POc and cis-1,4-PBD-block-cis-1,4-POc are obtained in one-pot reactions of β-ocimene with isoprene and butadiene using complex 3. Epoxidation and hydroxylation of polyocimene afford functionalized polyolefins with enhanced T_(g)(from-20 ℃ to 79 ℃ and 74 ℃) and hydrophilicity.
文摘Terpenoids,known for their structural and functional diversity,are highly valued,especially in food,cosmetics,and cleaning products.Microbial biosynthesis has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for the production of terpenoids.However,the natural enzymes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids have problems such as low activity,poor specificity,and insufficient stability,which limit the biosynthesis efficiency.Enzyme engineering plays a pivotal role in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.By modifying the structures and functions of key enzymes,researchers have significantly improved the catalytic activity,specificity,and stability of enzymes related to terpenoid synthesis,providing strong support for the sustainable production of terpenoids.This article reviews the strategies for the modification of key enzymes in microbial synthesis of terpenoids,including improving enzyme activity and stability,changing specificity,and promoting mass transfer through multi-enzyme collaboration.Additionally,this article looks forward to the challenges and development directions of enzyme engineering in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772338)the Basic Scientific Research Business Special Project of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.0090756100ZX)。
文摘Jasmine(Jasminum sambac Aiton)is a well-known cultivated plant species for its fragrant flowers used in the perfume industry and cosmetics.However,the genetic basis of its floral scent is largely unknown.In this study,using PacBio,Illumina,10×Genomics and highthroughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)sequencing technologies,a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for J.sambac was obtained,exploiting a double-petal phenotype cultivar‘Shuangbanmoli’(JSSB).The results showed that the final assembled genome of JSSB is 580.33 Mb in size(contig N50=1.05 Mb;scaffold N50=45.07 Mb)with a total of 39618 predicted protein-coding genes.Our analyses revealed that the JSSB genome has undergone an ancient whole-genome duplication(WGD)event at 91.68 million years ago(Mya).It was estimated that J.sambac diverged from the lineage leading to Olea europaea and Osmanthus fragrans about 28.8 Mya.On the basis of a combination of genomic,transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses,a range of floral scent volatiles and genes were identified involved in the benzenoid/phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of its fragrance biosynthesis in jasmine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260684)the Key Core Agricultural Technology Research Project of XPCC(NYHXGG2023AA602).
文摘To discover novel and efficient compounds against Aphis gossypii Glover,a series of novel terpene ester derivatives containing the structure of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane were designed and synthesized using tschimganin as the lead compound.Bioactivity assays showed that most tschimganin analogs exhibited moderate to outstanding insecticidal activity against A.gossypii.In particular,compound 56(LC_(50)=0.28μg mL^(-1)),identified as(1S,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl nicotinate,exhibited the best activity,which was significantly superior to that of imidacloprid(LC_(50)=0.54μg mL^(-1))and sulfoxaflor(LC_(50)=0.70μg mL^(-1)).The precise and dependable 3D-QSAR model suggests a promising direction for further design of more active tschimganin-based insecticides.Metabolomics showed that compound 56 disrupted detoxification,amino acid biosynthesis,and energy metabolism and may affect the central nervous system of A.gossypii.The results of this study indicated that tschimganin analogs are a potential new class of green insecticides that can be used for the integrated management of A.gossypii.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273118,22275013)。
文摘Owing to the spread of COVID-19,it is difficult to ignore the existence and importance of antimicrobial polymers(AMPs)because most protective appliances are made of polymers.Generally,bacteria prefer hydrophilic compounds,while fungi prefer hydrophobic ones.In recent decades,AMPs have made significant strides due to the versatile design of the functional groups or units for hydrophilic,hydrophobic,or amphiphilic performances.This review summarizes the advances of AMPs itself from the perspective of their wettability.Moreover,this study aims to clarify how the functional groups determine the interaction between the polymer and microorganisms directly affects the antimicrobial efficacy of the designed polymers.Based on the advances,the challenges and outlooks of AMPs from the perspective of wettability are systematically discussed to build a bridge between the structural design of AMPs and the requirements of practical applications.
