The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integra...The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integration,and domestic demand expansion.展开更多
There has been no decline but rather a rise in foreign investment in China since the China-US trade dispute started earlier this year.In the first10months of this year,49,545new foreign-invested enterprises were set u...There has been no decline but rather a rise in foreign investment in China since the China-US trade dispute started earlier this year.In the first10months of this year,49,545new foreign-invested enterprises were set up nationwide,up89.3%over the same period last year,data from the Ministry of Commerce(MOC)showed.展开更多
Solid organ transplantation has rapidly developed into the therapy a choice for end-stage organ failure. The expansion of its use has resulted is a large deficiency in organ supply. To address this, the field of organ...Solid organ transplantation has rapidly developed into the therapy a choice for end-stage organ failure. The expansion of its use has resulted is a large deficiency in organ supply. To address this, the field of organ transplantation has attempted to develop new strategies that would increase the availability of organs for transplant. Some of these strategies include expansion of the donor pool by increasing the number of living donors or using deceased donor organs that may be marginal or ＂expanded＂ The intent is to bring life-saving therapy to individuals in need; however, much of this expansion has been brought forward without clear prospective guidelines. This article focuses on the current disparity between organ supply and demand, and how this has impacted the use of living donors and development of the ＂expanded donor＂ concept.展开更多
IN March 2018, the United States slapped tariffs of 25 percent on steel imports and 10 percent on aluminum in the name of national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. Then, the Office of the...IN March 2018, the United States slapped tariffs of 25 percent on steel imports and 10 percent on aluminum in the name of national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. Then, the Office of the United States Trade Representative released a report on the investigation of China under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, claiming China's acts, policies, and practices regarding technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation are “unreasonable and discriminatory, and burden U.S. commerce.”展开更多
The densities and surface tensions of [Bmim][TFO]/H2SO4, [Hmim][TFO]/H2SO4 and [Omim][TFO]/H2SO4 binary mixtures were measured by pycnometer and Wilhelmy plate method respectively. The results show that densities and ...The densities and surface tensions of [Bmim][TFO]/H2SO4, [Hmim][TFO]/H2SO4 and [Omim][TFO]/H2SO4 binary mixtures were measured by pycnometer and Wilhelmy plate method respectively. The results show that densities and surface tensions of the mixtures decreased monotonously with increasing temperatures and increasing ionic liquid （IL） molar fraction. IL with longer alkyl side-chain length brings a lower density and a smaller surface tension to the ILs/H2SO4 binary mixtures. The densities and surface tensions of the mixtures are fitted well by Jouyban-Acree （JAM） model and LWW model respectively. Redlich-Kister （R-K）equation and modified Redlich-Kister （R-K） equation describe the excess molar volumes and excess surface tensions of the mixtures well respectively. Adding a small amount of ILs （XIL 〈 0.1 ） into sulfuric acid brings an obvious decrease to the density and the surface tension. The results imply that the densities and surface tensions of IL5/H2SO4 binary mixtures can be modulated by changing the IL dosage or tailoring the IL structure.展开更多
The stress concentration problem in structures with a circular or elliptic hole can be investigated by analytical methods. For the problem with a rectangular hole, only approximate results are derived. This paper dedu...The stress concentration problem in structures with a circular or elliptic hole can be investigated by analytical methods. For the problem with a rectangular hole, only approximate results are derived. This paper deduces the analytical solutions to the stress concentration problem in plates with a rectangular hole under biaxial tensions. By using the U-transformation technique and the finite element method, the analytical displacement solutions of the finite element equations are derived in the series form. Therefore, the stress concentration can then be discussed easily and conveniently. For plate problem the bilinear rectangular element with four nodes is taken as an example to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The stress concentration factors for various ratios of height to width of the hole are obtained.展开更多
Piperacillin is a polar organic substance,and can reduce the interfacial tension of oil and water when dissolved in water.In this study,changes in dichloromethane–water interfacial tensions and microdroplet sizes dur...Piperacillin is a polar organic substance,and can reduce the interfacial tension of oil and water when dissolved in water.In this study,changes in dichloromethane–water interfacial tensions and microdroplet sizes during piperacillin synthesis from an aqueous solution of ampicillin and dichloromethane solution of 4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazine carbonyl chloride(EDPC)were observed using a pendent drop technique and a coaxial ring tube system with embedded high-speed camera,respectively.It was found that the rapid N-acylation reaction caused the piperacillin at the interface to synthesize rapidly and diffuse out slowly,resulting in the interfacial tension decreased from 19.5 m N·m-1 to 7.2 m N·m-1 rapidly and then increased slowly as the concentrations of ampicillin and EDPC were 0.05 mol·L-1 and 0.1 mol·L-1.Meanwhile,the increase in the concentration of EDPC increased the peak concentration of piperacillin at the interface,and the addition of ethyl acetate to the ampicillin solution promoted mass transfer and reduced the aggregation of piperacillin effectively.During synthesis,the interfacial tension decreased,leading to a change in droplet sizes in the micro-reaction system.The two-phase reaction was carried out in a coaxial ring tube,with ampicillin and EDPC solutions as continuous and dispersed phases,respectively.The reaction reduced the dripping flow area,and the addition of ethyl acetate to the ampicillin solution slightly affected the division of the flow pattern.Under the same flow conditions,the droplet sizes of the reaction group were smaller than those of the no reaction group.The experimental results demonstrated that the increase of the continuous phase,decrease in the dispersed phase flow rate,or increase in EDPC concentration making droplet sizes smaller,and the addition of ethyl acetate slightly affected droplet sizes.These findings are important for the design and optimization of piperacillin synthesis reactors.展开更多
The dynamic stability of axially accelerating plates is investigated. Longitudi- nally varying tensions due to the acceleration and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions are highlighted. A model of the plate combined wit...The dynamic stability of axially accelerating plates is investigated. Longitudi- nally varying tensions due to the acceleration and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions are highlighted. A model of the plate combined with viscoelasticity is applied. In the viscoelastic constitutive relationship, the material derivative is used to take the place of the partial time derivative. Analytical and numerical methods are used to investigate summation and principal parametric resonances, respectively. By use of linear models for the transverse behavior in the small displacement regime, the plate is confined by a viscous damping force. The generalized Hamilton principle is used to derive the govern- ing equations, the initial conditions, and the boundary conditions of the coupled planar vibration. The solvability conditions are established by directly using the method of mul- tiple scales. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to obtain the necessary and sufficient condition of the stability. Numerical examples are given to show the effects of related parameters on the stability boundaries. The validity of longitudinally varying tensions and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions is highlighted by comparing the results of the method of multiple scales with those of a differential quadrature scheme.展开更多
The bubble's largest pressure method was employed to measure the densities and the surface tensions ofthe NaCl-KCl(equimolar)-ScCl3 system in which the contents of ScCl3 were 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively.Th...The bubble's largest pressure method was employed to measure the densities and the surface tensions ofthe NaCl-KCl(equimolar)-ScCl3 system in which the contents of ScCl3 were 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively.The results show that while temperature increases, the densities and the sufface tensions of the melts will decrease at thesame content of ScCl3; while the content of ScCl3 in the melts increases, the densities of the melts will increase and thesufface tentions of the melts will decrease at the same temperature. The least-square method was used to treat the data,and the regression functions of the densities and the surface tensions with temperature were given. It is known from theresults that the physicochemical properties of the NaCl-KCl (equimolar)-ScCl3 system can meet the requirements ofpreparation of Al-Sc alloys through the molten salt electrolysis.展开更多
The solid-liquid interfacial tensions of Cu(solid)-Pb(liquid)andCu(solid)-Bi(liquid)binary systems have been determined by the dihedral angle method.The results show that at 850℃ the interfacial tensions are 368±...The solid-liquid interfacial tensions of Cu(solid)-Pb(liquid)andCu(solid)-Bi(liquid)binary systems have been determined by the dihedral angle method.The results show that at 850℃ the interfacial tensions are 368±55mN/m for Cu-Pb sys-tem and 336±35mN/m for Cu-Bi systa,respectively,the error ranges of which aremore narrow than those found in some papers published abroad.In addition,there is nodetective segregation of other solute atoms or compounds in the vicinity of the tip of cop-per grain boundary where dihedral angles formed.展开更多
The surface tensions of pure liquid metals were estimated by using the artificial neural network method. Based on Butler's equation the surface tensions of some liquid Sn-, Ag-, Cu-based binary alloys were calcula...The surface tensions of pure liquid metals were estimated by using the artificial neural network method. Based on Butler's equation the surface tensions of some liquid Sn-, Ag-, Cu-based binary alloys were calculated from surface tensions of pure components and thermodynamic parameters of liquid alloys using a well designed computer program with C++ language, named STCBE. The agreement between calculated values and experimental data was excellent. The surface tensions of binary liquid Cu-RE(RE: Ce, Pr, Nd) alloys at 1400 K were predicted therewith.展开更多
The escalating conflict in the Middle East has caused severe disruptions to global chemical markets,now significantly impacting the trade flows,pricing,and supply chain stability of key chemicals.Approximately one-thi...The escalating conflict in the Middle East has caused severe disruptions to global chemical markets,now significantly impacting the trade flows,pricing,and supply chain stability of key chemicals.Approximately one-third of global oil trade and 20%of liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade pass through the Strait of Hormuz,which has become increasingly dangerous for commercial shipping.Since ancient times,the Strait has served as a vital artery for cultural,economic,and trade exchanges between Eastern andWestern nations.展开更多
The cosmological tensions,including the Hubble tension and S8 tension,have become increasingly serious in the last several years.Moreover,in the Planck-2018 results,it has been found that there is about 10%more lensin...The cosmological tensions,including the Hubble tension and S8 tension,have become increasingly serious in the last several years.Moreover,in the Planck-2018 results,it has been found that there is about 10%more lensing than expected in the cosmic microwave background(CMB)power spectra,which is called lensing anomaly[1].Instead of the accustomed inflation scenario.展开更多
A recent news report from Chongqing Municipality in southwest China revealed that a 58-year-old bank teller with poor eyesight had to use a magnifying glass to process transactions,causing customers to wait nearly an ...A recent news report from Chongqing Municipality in southwest China revealed that a 58-year-old bank teller with poor eyesight had to use a magnifying glass to process transactions,causing customers to wait nearly an hour.展开更多
1 Introduction,Changing Heritage:How Internal Tensions and External Pressures are Threatening Our Cultural and Natural Legacy is the latest book by Francesco Bandarin(2024),a widely known urban heritage expert and the...1 Introduction,Changing Heritage:How Internal Tensions and External Pressures are Threatening Our Cultural and Natural Legacy is the latest book by Francesco Bandarin(2024),a widely known urban heritage expert and the former Director of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre,released by Routledge in 2024.The title suggests an ambitious and,at the same time,holistic approach to heritage studies,making it an essential tool of analysis for those dealing with heritage today.展开更多
perspectives between doing research for publication and for pedagogical growth, between conducting theoretical research and practical research, between quantitative and qualitative perspectives, and between personal a...perspectives between doing research for publication and for pedagogical growth, between conducting theoretical research and practical research, between quantitative and qualitative perspectives, and between personal and external motivations for doing research. The data also illustrates how teachers＇ conceptions of such issues are informed by multiple and sometimes conflicting sources of advice and experience. The paper concludes with implications for how to make research engagement conducive to College English teachers＇ professional development.展开更多
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s visit to China underscores economic cooperation and strategic stability amid global uncertainties.U.K.Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s visit to China in January marks a significant...British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s visit to China underscores economic cooperation and strategic stability amid global uncertainties.U.K.Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s visit to China in January marks a significant shift of Britain toward a more pragmatic and stability-oriented approach in Sino-British relations.After years of political tensions and limited high-level engagement,this trip underscores London’s intent to rebuild ties based on mutual economic and strategic interests.展开更多
The deformation behavior of GH4169 superalloy under room-temperature uniaxial tension was investigated through synchronized mesoscopic digital image correlation(DIC)and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)in-situ ch...The deformation behavior of GH4169 superalloy under room-temperature uniaxial tension was investigated through synchronized mesoscopic digital image correlation(DIC)and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)in-situ characterization techniques.Results show that in the field of grain deflection dynamics,through quantitative analysis using the independently developed M-DIC software,during uniaxial tension with significant bidirectional rotation along the tensile axis and the stress level of 1100 MPa,oscillatory rotation of±0.6°can be obtained,and microvoids are generated at the grain boundaries with 45°to the stress axis.EBSD crystallographic analysis demonstrates the load-dependent slip system evolution:in the initial stage,the soft-oriented systems with high Schmid factor(>0.4)is activated and then transformed into hard-oriented systems during cross-slip,generating parallel slip bands and dislocation pile-ups at grain boundaries.During the uniaxial tensile process,the characteristic of strain energy accumulation is observed,which follows a two-stage accumulation pattern:initial grain boundary localization(Stage I)and intragranular propagation(Stage II).Ultimately,the intergranular cracks are initiated at triple junctions,and the twin boundaries exhibit superior mechanical stability compared with the large-angle grain boundaries.Deformation texture characteristics indicate the copper-type components,including C{112}<111¯>,S{123}<634¯>,and B{110}<11¯0>.The complete deformation sequence is as follows:cross-slip of soft-oriented slip systems→initiation of dislocation slip→strain partitioning through grain rotation→intergranular stress concentration→damage dominated by boundary cracking.The cross-scale deformation mechanism revealed in this study provides critical guidance for the crystal boundary engineering to optimize nickel-based superalloys.展开更多
In-situ tensile tests were conducted on a chemically corroded third-generation single-crystal superalloy DD9 at 980 and 1100℃.The phase transformation in the surface areas during the tensile process was analyzed usin...In-situ tensile tests were conducted on a chemically corroded third-generation single-crystal superalloy DD9 at 980 and 1100℃.The phase transformation in the surface areas during the tensile process was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope,electron probe X-ray microanalysis,and transmission electron microscope.The phase transformation mechanism on the surface and the influence mechanism were studied through observation and dynamic calculation.During tensile tests at elevated temperatures,chemical corrosion promotes the precipitation of topologically close-packed(tcp)μphase andσphase on the alloy surface.Both the precipitation amount and size of these two phases on the surface at 1100℃are greater than those at 980℃.The precipitation of tcp phase on the alloy surface results in the formation of an influence layer on the surface area,and the distribution characteristics of alloying elements are significantly different from those of the substrate.The depth of the influence layer at 1100℃is greater than that at 980℃.The precipitation of tcp phase prompts the phase transition fromγphase toγ′phase around the tcp phase.展开更多
Mechanical tension is widely recognized as the primary stimulus underlying the molecular mechanisms that influence muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training.Despite this,several outdated or overstated concepts...Mechanical tension is widely recognized as the primary stimulus underlying the molecular mechanisms that influence muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training.Despite this,several outdated or overstated concepts continue to persist,both in the scientific literature and in the practical application of resistance training coaching and program design.Claims that acute hormonal responses,metabolic stress,cell swelling or“the pump”meaningfully contribute to hypertrophy are not supported by scientific evidence.Additionally,the concept of sarcoplasmic hypertrophy as a distinct and functionally meaningful contributor to hypertrophy lacks strong evidence.In this review,we critically evaluate several persistent misconceptions and contrast them with evidence-based mechanistic insights into load-induced hypertrophy.Specifically,we discuss the role(or lack thereof)of systemic hormones,metabolites,and cell swelling in promoting muscle hypertrophy.We also critically review the concept of sarcoplasmic hypertrophy and propose that it is not a meaningful contributor to muscle hypertrophy.Lastly,to translate knowledge for trainees and coaches,we discuss the upper limit of muscle hypertrophy and provide readers with evidence-based,reasonable expectations for muscle hypertrophy.We aimed,through this review,to use scientific evidence to enhance our understanding of what drives muscle hypertrophy and provide an evidence-based framework for resistance exercise training.展开更多
文摘The U.S.imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods has triggered short-term strains on China’s exports.At the same time,it has also accelerated its strategic pivot toward technological self-reliance,regional integration,and domestic demand expansion.
文摘There has been no decline but rather a rise in foreign investment in China since the China-US trade dispute started earlier this year.In the first10months of this year,49,545new foreign-invested enterprises were set up nationwide,up89.3%over the same period last year,data from the Ministry of Commerce(MOC)showed.
文摘Solid organ transplantation has rapidly developed into the therapy a choice for end-stage organ failure. The expansion of its use has resulted is a large deficiency in organ supply. To address this, the field of organ transplantation has attempted to develop new strategies that would increase the availability of organs for transplant. Some of these strategies include expansion of the donor pool by increasing the number of living donors or using deceased donor organs that may be marginal or ＂expanded＂ The intent is to bring life-saving therapy to individuals in need; however, much of this expansion has been brought forward without clear prospective guidelines. This article focuses on the current disparity between organ supply and demand, and how this has impacted the use of living donors and development of the ＂expanded donor＂ concept.
文摘IN March 2018, the United States slapped tariffs of 25 percent on steel imports and 10 percent on aluminum in the name of national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. Then, the Office of the United States Trade Representative released a report on the investigation of China under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, claiming China's acts, policies, and practices regarding technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation are “unreasonable and discriminatory, and burden U.S. commerce.”
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576168,21276163)
文摘The densities and surface tensions of [Bmim][TFO]/H2SO4, [Hmim][TFO]/H2SO4 and [Omim][TFO]/H2SO4 binary mixtures were measured by pycnometer and Wilhelmy plate method respectively. The results show that densities and surface tensions of the mixtures decreased monotonously with increasing temperatures and increasing ionic liquid （IL） molar fraction. IL with longer alkyl side-chain length brings a lower density and a smaller surface tension to the ILs/H2SO4 binary mixtures. The densities and surface tensions of the mixtures are fitted well by Jouyban-Acree （JAM） model and LWW model respectively. Redlich-Kister （R-K）equation and modified Redlich-Kister （R-K） equation describe the excess molar volumes and excess surface tensions of the mixtures well respectively. Adding a small amount of ILs （XIL 〈 0.1 ） into sulfuric acid brings an obvious decrease to the density and the surface tension. The results imply that the densities and surface tensions of IL5/H2SO4 binary mixtures can be modulated by changing the IL dosage or tailoring the IL structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10772202)the Chinese PostdoctoralScience Foundation (No.20060400757).
文摘The stress concentration problem in structures with a circular or elliptic hole can be investigated by analytical methods. For the problem with a rectangular hole, only approximate results are derived. This paper deduces the analytical solutions to the stress concentration problem in plates with a rectangular hole under biaxial tensions. By using the U-transformation technique and the finite element method, the analytical displacement solutions of the finite element equations are derived in the series form. Therefore, the stress concentration can then be discussed easily and conveniently. For plate problem the bilinear rectangular element with four nodes is taken as an example to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The stress concentration factors for various ratios of height to width of the hole are obtained.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0905100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878169 and 21991102)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(2018Z05JZY010)。
文摘Piperacillin is a polar organic substance,and can reduce the interfacial tension of oil and water when dissolved in water.In this study,changes in dichloromethane–water interfacial tensions and microdroplet sizes during piperacillin synthesis from an aqueous solution of ampicillin and dichloromethane solution of 4-ethyl-2,3-dioxo-1-piperazine carbonyl chloride(EDPC)were observed using a pendent drop technique and a coaxial ring tube system with embedded high-speed camera,respectively.It was found that the rapid N-acylation reaction caused the piperacillin at the interface to synthesize rapidly and diffuse out slowly,resulting in the interfacial tension decreased from 19.5 m N·m-1 to 7.2 m N·m-1 rapidly and then increased slowly as the concentrations of ampicillin and EDPC were 0.05 mol·L-1 and 0.1 mol·L-1.Meanwhile,the increase in the concentration of EDPC increased the peak concentration of piperacillin at the interface,and the addition of ethyl acetate to the ampicillin solution promoted mass transfer and reduced the aggregation of piperacillin effectively.During synthesis,the interfacial tension decreased,leading to a change in droplet sizes in the micro-reaction system.The two-phase reaction was carried out in a coaxial ring tube,with ampicillin and EDPC solutions as continuous and dispersed phases,respectively.The reaction reduced the dripping flow area,and the addition of ethyl acetate to the ampicillin solution slightly affected the division of the flow pattern.Under the same flow conditions,the droplet sizes of the reaction group were smaller than those of the no reaction group.The experimental results demonstrated that the increase of the continuous phase,decrease in the dispersed phase flow rate,or increase in EDPC concentration making droplet sizes smaller,and the addition of ethyl acetate slightly affected droplet sizes.These findings are important for the design and optimization of piperacillin synthesis reactors.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11672186,11502147,and 11602146)the Chen Guang Project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and the Shanghai Education Development Foundation(No.14CG57)+1 种基金the Training Scheme for the Youth Teachers of Higher Education of Shanghai(No.ZZyyy12035)the Alliance Program(No.LM201663)
文摘The dynamic stability of axially accelerating plates is investigated. Longitudi- nally varying tensions due to the acceleration and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions are highlighted. A model of the plate combined with viscoelasticity is applied. In the viscoelastic constitutive relationship, the material derivative is used to take the place of the partial time derivative. Analytical and numerical methods are used to investigate summation and principal parametric resonances, respectively. By use of linear models for the transverse behavior in the small displacement regime, the plate is confined by a viscous damping force. The generalized Hamilton principle is used to derive the govern- ing equations, the initial conditions, and the boundary conditions of the coupled planar vibration. The solvability conditions are established by directly using the method of mul- tiple scales. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is used to obtain the necessary and sufficient condition of the stability. Numerical examples are given to show the effects of related parameters on the stability boundaries. The validity of longitudinally varying tensions and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions is highlighted by comparing the results of the method of multiple scales with those of a differential quadrature scheme.
文摘The bubble's largest pressure method was employed to measure the densities and the surface tensions ofthe NaCl-KCl(equimolar)-ScCl3 system in which the contents of ScCl3 were 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively.The results show that while temperature increases, the densities and the sufface tensions of the melts will decrease at thesame content of ScCl3; while the content of ScCl3 in the melts increases, the densities of the melts will increase and thesufface tentions of the melts will decrease at the same temperature. The least-square method was used to treat the data,and the regression functions of the densities and the surface tensions with temperature were given. It is known from theresults that the physicochemical properties of the NaCl-KCl (equimolar)-ScCl3 system can meet the requirements ofpreparation of Al-Sc alloys through the molten salt electrolysis.
基金The project supported by the State Education Committee of China
文摘The solid-liquid interfacial tensions of Cu(solid)-Pb(liquid)andCu(solid)-Bi(liquid)binary systems have been determined by the dihedral angle method.The results show that at 850℃ the interfacial tensions are 368±55mN/m for Cu-Pb sys-tem and 336±35mN/m for Cu-Bi systa,respectively,the error ranges of which aremore narrow than those found in some papers published abroad.In addition,there is nodetective segregation of other solute atoms or compounds in the vicinity of the tip of cop-per grain boundary where dihedral angles formed.
文摘The surface tensions of pure liquid metals were estimated by using the artificial neural network method. Based on Butler's equation the surface tensions of some liquid Sn-, Ag-, Cu-based binary alloys were calculated from surface tensions of pure components and thermodynamic parameters of liquid alloys using a well designed computer program with C++ language, named STCBE. The agreement between calculated values and experimental data was excellent. The surface tensions of binary liquid Cu-RE(RE: Ce, Pr, Nd) alloys at 1400 K were predicted therewith.
文摘The escalating conflict in the Middle East has caused severe disruptions to global chemical markets,now significantly impacting the trade flows,pricing,and supply chain stability of key chemicals.Approximately one-third of global oil trade and 20%of liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade pass through the Strait of Hormuz,which has become increasingly dangerous for commercial shipping.Since ancient times,the Strait has served as a vital artery for cultural,economic,and trade exchanges between Eastern andWestern nations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2203100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12047503)Hao-Hao Li wishes to acknowledge the support of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20230902).
文摘The cosmological tensions,including the Hubble tension and S8 tension,have become increasingly serious in the last several years.Moreover,in the Planck-2018 results,it has been found that there is about 10%more lensing than expected in the cosmic microwave background(CMB)power spectra,which is called lensing anomaly[1].Instead of the accustomed inflation scenario.
文摘A recent news report from Chongqing Municipality in southwest China revealed that a 58-year-old bank teller with poor eyesight had to use a magnifying glass to process transactions,causing customers to wait nearly an hour.
文摘1 Introduction,Changing Heritage:How Internal Tensions and External Pressures are Threatening Our Cultural and Natural Legacy is the latest book by Francesco Bandarin(2024),a widely known urban heritage expert and the former Director of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre,released by Routledge in 2024.The title suggests an ambitious and,at the same time,holistic approach to heritage studies,making it an essential tool of analysis for those dealing with heritage today.
文摘perspectives between doing research for publication and for pedagogical growth, between conducting theoretical research and practical research, between quantitative and qualitative perspectives, and between personal and external motivations for doing research. The data also illustrates how teachers＇ conceptions of such issues are informed by multiple and sometimes conflicting sources of advice and experience. The paper concludes with implications for how to make research engagement conducive to College English teachers＇ professional development.
文摘British Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s visit to China underscores economic cooperation and strategic stability amid global uncertainties.U.K.Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s visit to China in January marks a significant shift of Britain toward a more pragmatic and stability-oriented approach in Sino-British relations.After years of political tensions and limited high-level engagement,this trip underscores London’s intent to rebuild ties based on mutual economic and strategic interests.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(2022YFF0609300)。
文摘The deformation behavior of GH4169 superalloy under room-temperature uniaxial tension was investigated through synchronized mesoscopic digital image correlation(DIC)and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)in-situ characterization techniques.Results show that in the field of grain deflection dynamics,through quantitative analysis using the independently developed M-DIC software,during uniaxial tension with significant bidirectional rotation along the tensile axis and the stress level of 1100 MPa,oscillatory rotation of±0.6°can be obtained,and microvoids are generated at the grain boundaries with 45°to the stress axis.EBSD crystallographic analysis demonstrates the load-dependent slip system evolution:in the initial stage,the soft-oriented systems with high Schmid factor(>0.4)is activated and then transformed into hard-oriented systems during cross-slip,generating parallel slip bands and dislocation pile-ups at grain boundaries.During the uniaxial tensile process,the characteristic of strain energy accumulation is observed,which follows a two-stage accumulation pattern:initial grain boundary localization(Stage I)and intragranular propagation(Stage II).Ultimately,the intergranular cracks are initiated at triple junctions,and the twin boundaries exhibit superior mechanical stability compared with the large-angle grain boundaries.Deformation texture characteristics indicate the copper-type components,including C{112}<111¯>,S{123}<634¯>,and B{110}<11¯0>.The complete deformation sequence is as follows:cross-slip of soft-oriented slip systems→initiation of dislocation slip→strain partitioning through grain rotation→intergranular stress concentration→damage dominated by boundary cracking.The cross-scale deformation mechanism revealed in this study provides critical guidance for the crystal boundary engineering to optimize nickel-based superalloys.
文摘In-situ tensile tests were conducted on a chemically corroded third-generation single-crystal superalloy DD9 at 980 and 1100℃.The phase transformation in the surface areas during the tensile process was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope,electron probe X-ray microanalysis,and transmission electron microscope.The phase transformation mechanism on the surface and the influence mechanism were studied through observation and dynamic calculation.During tensile tests at elevated temperatures,chemical corrosion promotes the precipitation of topologically close-packed(tcp)μphase andσphase on the alloy surface.Both the precipitation amount and size of these two phases on the surface at 1100℃are greater than those at 980℃.The precipitation of tcp phase on the alloy surface results in the formation of an influence layer on the surface area,and the distribution characteristics of alloying elements are significantly different from those of the substrate.The depth of the influence layer at 1100℃is greater than that at 980℃.The precipitation of tcp phase prompts the phase transition fromγphase toγ′phase around the tcp phase.
基金supported this work,but the SMP acknowledges support from the Canada Research Chairs Program(CRC-2021-00495)MJL is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR)Postdoctoral Fellowship award(Funding Reference No.187773).
文摘Mechanical tension is widely recognized as the primary stimulus underlying the molecular mechanisms that influence muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training.Despite this,several outdated or overstated concepts continue to persist,both in the scientific literature and in the practical application of resistance training coaching and program design.Claims that acute hormonal responses,metabolic stress,cell swelling or“the pump”meaningfully contribute to hypertrophy are not supported by scientific evidence.Additionally,the concept of sarcoplasmic hypertrophy as a distinct and functionally meaningful contributor to hypertrophy lacks strong evidence.In this review,we critically evaluate several persistent misconceptions and contrast them with evidence-based mechanistic insights into load-induced hypertrophy.Specifically,we discuss the role(or lack thereof)of systemic hormones,metabolites,and cell swelling in promoting muscle hypertrophy.We also critically review the concept of sarcoplasmic hypertrophy and propose that it is not a meaningful contributor to muscle hypertrophy.Lastly,to translate knowledge for trainees and coaches,we discuss the upper limit of muscle hypertrophy and provide readers with evidence-based,reasonable expectations for muscle hypertrophy.We aimed,through this review,to use scientific evidence to enhance our understanding of what drives muscle hypertrophy and provide an evidence-based framework for resistance exercise training.
