识别服装质量抽检通告中的实体信息,对于评估不同区域的服装质量状况以及制定宏观政策具有重要意义。针对质量抽检通告命名实体识别存在的长文本序列信息丢失、小类样本特征学习不全等问题,以注意力机制为核心,提出了基于BERT(bidirecti...识别服装质量抽检通告中的实体信息,对于评估不同区域的服装质量状况以及制定宏观政策具有重要意义。针对质量抽检通告命名实体识别存在的长文本序列信息丢失、小类样本特征学习不全等问题,以注意力机制为核心,提出了基于BERT(bidirectional encoder representations from transformers)和TENER(transformer encoder for NER)模型的领域命名实体识别模型。BERT-TENER模型通过预训练模型BERT获得字符的动态字向量;将字向量输入TENER模块中,基于注意力机制使得同样的字符拥有不同的学习过程,基于改进的Transformer模型进一步捕捉字符与字符之间的距离和方向信息,增强模型对不同长度、小类别文本内容的理解,并采用条件随机场模型获得每个字符对应的实体标签。在领域数据集上,BERT-TENER模型针对服装抽检领域的实体识别F_1达到92.45%,相较传统方法有效提升了命名实体识别率,并且在长文本以及非均衡的实体类别中也表现出较好的性能。展开更多
记述了中国白环蘑属真菌的1个新记录种:娇柔白环蘑Leucoagaricus tener (P.D.Orton) Bon,标本采自中国西藏自治区类乌齐县。该种的鉴别特征是菌盖表面具暗灰褐色的鳞片,担孢子椭圆形,菌褶缘囊状体近柱状、窄棒状或纺缍状,盖表栅状排列,...记述了中国白环蘑属真菌的1个新记录种:娇柔白环蘑Leucoagaricus tener (P.D.Orton) Bon,标本采自中国西藏自治区类乌齐县。该种的鉴别特征是菌盖表面具暗灰褐色的鳞片,担孢子椭圆形,菌褶缘囊状体近柱状、窄棒状或纺缍状,盖表栅状排列,菌丝末端细胞无明显分化、圆柱状。展开更多
Insects that depend on microbial mutualists evolved a variety of organs to transport the microsymbionts while dispersing. The ontogeny and variability of such organs is rarely studied, and the microsymbiont*s effects ...Insects that depend on microbial mutualists evolved a variety of organs to transport the microsymbionts while dispersing. The ontogeny and variability of such organs is rarely studied, and the microsymbiont*s effects on the animal tissue development remain unknown in most cases. Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae or Platypodinae) and their mutualistic fungi are an ideal system to study the animalfungus interactions. While the interspecific diversity of their fungus transport organ一 mycangia—is well-known, their developmental plasticity has been poorly described. To determine the ontogeny of the mycangium and the influence of the symbiotic fungus on the tissue development, we dissected by hand or scanned with micro-CT the mycangia in various developmental stages in five Xylosandrus ambrosia beetle species that possess a large, mesonotal mycangium: Xylosandrus amputatus. Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xylosandrus discolor, and Xylosandrus germanus. We processed 181 beetle samples from the United States and China. All five species displayed three stages of the mycangium development:(1) young teneral adults had an empty, deflated and cryptic mycangium without fungal mass;(2) in fully mature adults during dispersal, the promesonotal membrane was inflated, and most individuals developed a mycangium mostly filled with the symbiont, though size and symmetry varied;and (3) after successful establishment of their new galleries, most females discharged the bulk of the fun gal inoculum and deflated the mycangium. Experimental aposymbiotic individuals demonstrated that the pronotal membrane invaginated independently of the presence of the fungus, but the fungus was required for inflation. Mycangia are more dynamic than previously thought, and their morphological changes correspond to the phases of the symbiosis. Importantly, studies of the fungal symbionts or plant pathogen transmission in ambrosia beetles need to consider which developmental stage to sample. We provide illustrations of the different stages, including microphotography of dissections and micro-CT scans.展开更多
文摘识别服装质量抽检通告中的实体信息,对于评估不同区域的服装质量状况以及制定宏观政策具有重要意义。针对质量抽检通告命名实体识别存在的长文本序列信息丢失、小类样本特征学习不全等问题,以注意力机制为核心,提出了基于BERT(bidirectional encoder representations from transformers)和TENER(transformer encoder for NER)模型的领域命名实体识别模型。BERT-TENER模型通过预训练模型BERT获得字符的动态字向量;将字向量输入TENER模块中,基于注意力机制使得同样的字符拥有不同的学习过程,基于改进的Transformer模型进一步捕捉字符与字符之间的距离和方向信息,增强模型对不同长度、小类别文本内容的理解,并采用条件随机场模型获得每个字符对应的实体标签。在领域数据集上,BERT-TENER模型针对服装抽检领域的实体识别F_1达到92.45%,相较传统方法有效提升了命名实体识别率,并且在长文本以及非均衡的实体类别中也表现出较好的性能。
基金YL, JS and JH were funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, the USDA Forest Service, and the National Science Foundation.
文摘Insects that depend on microbial mutualists evolved a variety of organs to transport the microsymbionts while dispersing. The ontogeny and variability of such organs is rarely studied, and the microsymbiont*s effects on the animal tissue development remain unknown in most cases. Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae or Platypodinae) and their mutualistic fungi are an ideal system to study the animalfungus interactions. While the interspecific diversity of their fungus transport organ一 mycangia—is well-known, their developmental plasticity has been poorly described. To determine the ontogeny of the mycangium and the influence of the symbiotic fungus on the tissue development, we dissected by hand or scanned with micro-CT the mycangia in various developmental stages in five Xylosandrus ambrosia beetle species that possess a large, mesonotal mycangium: Xylosandrus amputatus. Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xylosandrus discolor, and Xylosandrus germanus. We processed 181 beetle samples from the United States and China. All five species displayed three stages of the mycangium development:(1) young teneral adults had an empty, deflated and cryptic mycangium without fungal mass;(2) in fully mature adults during dispersal, the promesonotal membrane was inflated, and most individuals developed a mycangium mostly filled with the symbiont, though size and symmetry varied;and (3) after successful establishment of their new galleries, most females discharged the bulk of the fun gal inoculum and deflated the mycangium. Experimental aposymbiotic individuals demonstrated that the pronotal membrane invaginated independently of the presence of the fungus, but the fungus was required for inflation. Mycangia are more dynamic than previously thought, and their morphological changes correspond to the phases of the symbiosis. Importantly, studies of the fungal symbionts or plant pathogen transmission in ambrosia beetles need to consider which developmental stage to sample. We provide illustrations of the different stages, including microphotography of dissections and micro-CT scans.
