This paper introduced the preparation work before transplanting big olive trees(Olea europaea L.),including key technical measures such as plant excavation,transportation,planting,and post-planting tending.The aim was...This paper introduced the preparation work before transplanting big olive trees(Olea europaea L.),including key technical measures such as plant excavation,transportation,planting,and post-planting tending.The aim was to provide scientific basis and feasible solutions for adjusting the density of olive trees in Shiyan City,and to assist in the high-quality development of the olive industry.展开更多
Tending management and pest control directly affect forest construction.Not only sustainable growth of timber but also continuous and permanent use of green mountains and water can be achieved by providing tending man...Tending management and pest control directly affect forest construction.Not only sustainable growth of timber but also continuous and permanent use of green mountains and water can be achieved by providing tending management measures for sustainable operations and implementing effective pest control measures.According to the demand of production practice,this paper studies the tending management and pest control measures of Pinus koraiensis forest during its growth period,so as to provide important scientific support for improving the quality of P.koraiensis forest in the future.展开更多
At this stage, in order to accelerate the development of regional forestry, the first step is to make rational use of forestry forestation and tending technology, strengthen the attention to the management of seedling...At this stage, in order to accelerate the development of regional forestry, the first step is to make rational use of forestry forestation and tending technology, strengthen the attention to the management of seedlings, young forests and mature forests during the growth of trees, and do a good job in the relevant control of fire prevention, damage prevention, pest prevention, etc. The mature trees should be cut and protected in a standardized way so as to create economic benefits in forestry production and realize the long-term sustainable development of forestry and provide a good environmental foundation for the construction of social and ecological civilization.展开更多
Under the current social development environment, in order to further promote the harmonious and coordinated development of man and nature, it is necessary to implement the management and optimization of forest resour...Under the current social development environment, in order to further promote the harmonious and coordinated development of man and nature, it is necessary to implement the management and optimization of forest resources, among which forest tending must be perfected. Forest tending work is based on scientific and reasonable means, combined with the actual growth law of forest resources and the growth characteristics of communities in different regions, to implement the cultivation and expansion of the resource system by means of artificial intervention. At the same time, the plan should be reasonably adjusted in combination with the overall demand and development status of forest resources in the society. It has strong systematic characteristics. Forest tending can promote the forest resources to be managed and protected in an all-round way, and improve their social and economic benefits and ecological benefits.展开更多
The management of larch is very important, which is the key period to ensure the output of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings. In order to further improve the overall afforestation level and quality of Lar...The management of larch is very important, which is the key period to ensure the output of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings. In order to further improve the overall afforestation level and quality of Larix gmelinii, combining with practice, this paper analyzes the afforestation techniques and corresponding tending management of Larix gmelinii from the aspects of nursery site selection, land preparation and bed making, seed treatment and sowing, etc., and makes targeted analysis from three aspects: seedling management, afforestation management and tending management in fallen leaves, aiming to provide some technical reference for Larix gmelinii afforestation.展开更多
With the rapid development of social economy, China has gradually begun to attach great importance to ecological environment protection and ecological civilization construction. At the same time, innovative forest ten...With the rapid development of social economy, China has gradually begun to attach great importance to ecological environment protection and ecological civilization construction. At the same time, innovative forest tending management techniques and new forest tending management techniques are selected to effectively expand the total green area. However, in reality, there are still some shortcomings in the forest tending management technology. It is necessary to work out all-round management plans from the fields of management and the comprehensive ability of staff, so as to make contributions to improving the environment in China.展开更多
In order to improve the level of forest management, it is necessary to strengthen the innovation and optimization of forest management technology in order to protect forest resources and meet the needs of forest ecosy...In order to improve the level of forest management, it is necessary to strengthen the innovation and optimization of forest management technology in order to protect forest resources and meet the needs of forest ecosystems. The key of logging technology is to solve the problems in the process of tree growth through various logging measures and healthy growth of trees. Through in-depth analysis of relevant forestry technology content, we are studying the important role of forestry technology in forest diameter, forest height, effective protection of wood and improvement of forest quality and environmental sanitation and the growth of trees.展开更多
The shortage of forest tending funds in China has caused the retarded thinning for those forests that need urgently the tending thinning, which in turn has a negative impact on the implementation of forest management ...The shortage of forest tending funds in China has caused the retarded thinning for those forests that need urgently the tending thinning, which in turn has a negative impact on the implementation of forest management activities and results in the poor state of forest quality, function and healthy. This paper analyzed the necessity to implement forest tending subsidies, concluded the experience abroad, and proposed some policy recommendations on how to implement forest tending subsidies in China. It was indicated that forest tending subsidy policy should be fully implemented for a long time in China; the funds for forest tending subsidies should be obtained from multiple sources and multiple forms explored. The focus of the subsidy should be put on how to mobilize the enthusiasms of forest farms and forest farmers to engage in forest tending as well as on its ecological effects and livelihood benefits. At the same time, it is necessary to pay close attention to the problems propping up from forest products trade contributed to by the forest tending subsidies.展开更多
As China integrates into the world economy,its economic sustainability and industrial health become more vulnerable to external factors.While China’s grain security comes under intense pressure,thefinancialsectoris c...As China integrates into the world economy,its economic sustainability and industrial health become more vulnerable to external factors.While China’s grain security comes under intense pressure,thefinancialsectoris confrontedwithloomingrisks.Thecountry’s manufacturingindustryleads the world,but its competitiveness is impeded by a lack of high-end production.Many economists and experts discussed these issues at the 2011 China Economic Security Forum,recently held by the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing.Edited excerpts follow:展开更多
The change of pine scale (Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi) population density on pine forest in urban park between treatment (tending operations) and CK (no tending operations) was researched in this paper. The result...The change of pine scale (Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi) population density on pine forest in urban park between treatment (tending operations) and CK (no tending operations) was researched in this paper. The results were shown as follows: population density declined to 0.63 head per bundle from 2.61 heads per bundle when crown density of pine in urban park had become 0.5 or so by means of cultivation activities such as felling, pruning and thinning and so on, and drop got to 75.86 percent. The pinewoods would soon get revived once using these cultivation activities, so tending operations was main measures controlling over harm of pine scale in urban park; At the same time, population density of pine scale on pinewoods in the sunny slope was more than that in the somber slope and it had become less and less from sunny slope to somber slope. Therefore, tree species must be chosen in the planning and design of urban park for preventing harm and happening of pine scale.展开更多
The bending modulus property of high performance fiber is an important property for both polymer science and engineering. The measurement of the bending performance is, however, difficult because of the thin size of t...The bending modulus property of high performance fiber is an important property for both polymer science and engineering. The measurement of the bending performance is, however, difficult because of the thin size of the fiber. We have measured this property by the axial compression bending method where single fiber with suitable slenderness is compressed in the fiber axial direction to obtain the peak point of the force-displacement curve. Then the bending modulus and the flexural rigidity can be calculated by measuring the protruding length and diameter of fiber needles and the critical force, Pcr. The measured data show that the bending characteristics of all kinds of high performance fiber are dissimilar evidently.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the ecological and economic benefits of Pinus elliottii plantations in Pengchang Forest Farm, Jingmen City. [Methods] P. elliottii plantations in Pengchang Forest Farm i...[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the ecological and economic benefits of Pinus elliottii plantations in Pengchang Forest Farm, Jingmen City. [Methods] P. elliottii plantations in Pengchang Forest Farm in Jingmen City were selected as the research object, and the appearance and quantitative characteristics of P. elliottii community were studied and analyzed by a sampling method. [Results] Phanerophytes were the most in the P. elliottii community, accounting for 50%. In the community, except P. elliottii, the importance values of native plants were higher. The order of species diversity of P. elliottii community in Pengchang Forest Farm was herb layer, tree layer and shrub layer. The stress resistance of the community was weak, and strong intraspecific competition existed in P. elliottii. It is recommended to thin P. elliottii trees with insufficient lighting, poor growth potential and severely damaged tree body, and interplant Phoebe zhennan after thinning the P. elliottii plantations, so as to create a coniferous and broad-leaved evergreen mixed forest. [Conclusions] This study provides scientific support for thinning, tending, and forest management of P. elliottii plantations.展开更多
This paper discusses the early silviculture of silver fir(Abies alba Mill.), a major softwood in Romania covering more than 294,000 ha. Three research plots(DRP1, DRP2 and DRP3) were established in a 25-year-old silve...This paper discusses the early silviculture of silver fir(Abies alba Mill.), a major softwood in Romania covering more than 294,000 ha. Three research plots(DRP1, DRP2 and DRP3) were established in a 25-year-old silver fir-dominated stand in May 2012. In DRP1 and DRP2, heavy cleaning-respacing were carried out while DRP3 was kept as a control. After the treatments in 2012,the plots had stocking between 1470 trees ha-1(DRP2) and10,030 trees ha-1(DRP3), basal areas between11.8 m2ha-1(DRP2) and 31.6 m2ha-1(DRP3). The average diameters were between 5.7 cm(DRP3) and 9.6 cm(DRP2). Measurements in September 2016 confirmed the rapid response of silver fir to cleaning-respacing.The best results in average diameter increments and basal area between 2012 and 2016 were in DRP2: 3.7 cm(36.4%) and 7.7 m2ha-1(85.0%) respectively. The largest diameter trees in 2012 were the best growers, and a strong linear correlation between the initial diameter of the remaining trees and their increment was established. Natural dieback of trees occurred only in DRP3(8.6%). The selection of crop trees based on the vigour, quality, and spacing criteria during cleaning-respacing was possible as individuals stood out in terms of vigour and early diameter growth. An issue encountered in DRP1 and DRP2 was the occurrence of epicormic shoots, especially on less vigorous individuals with small crowns. However, four years after cleaning-respacing, these branches are small and do not significantly affect the wood quality.展开更多
Determining the most suitable intensities for precommercial thinning (PCT) in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) stands, which cover substantial areas in Turkey and have a high economic and ecological value, is essenti...Determining the most suitable intensities for precommercial thinning (PCT) in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) stands, which cover substantial areas in Turkey and have a high economic and ecological value, is essential to provide higher economic return and obtain well-formed stems. The effects of various rates of PCT interventions on the growth characteristics of natural stands, located in the northern part of Turkey, were explored to determine appropriate thinning rates;24 experimental PCT plots (4 PCT rates × 3 replications × 2 sites) were established in young thicket-stage stands and four precommercial thinning rates such as light (1 – 1.5 m spacing), moderate (1.5−2.0 m spacing) and heavy (2.5–3.0 m spacing) thinning, including a control plot (i.e., untreated), were applied. At the end of the 2007 and 2010 growing seasons, the diameter and height of the trees were measured and growth analyzed based on the 3-year and 6-year incremental growth. PCT levels were found to have significant (P < 0.05) effects on diameter, height, total basal area and total volume increment at the end of each period. The mean diameter and height increment proportionally increased with increasing PCT intensity in the third and the sixth year. In both sites, the moderate PCT provided the greatest total basal area and total volume increment. The early results indicate that the moderate PCT (1.5–2 m spacing) boosted stand development over time.展开更多
[Objectives] The aim was to study the artificial cultivation of Bletilla striata to realize large scale and standardization planting. [Methods] The comparison tests were conducted on B. striata with different canopy d...[Objectives] The aim was to study the artificial cultivation of Bletilla striata to realize large scale and standardization planting. [Methods] The comparison tests were conducted on B. striata with different canopy densities of the Magnolia officinalis forests,different compound planting densities and different tending measures and management. [Results] When the stand canopy density was 0. 4-0. 6,the per unit yield of B. striata was 5. 4%,6. 8% higher than that at the canopy density of less than 0. 4 and more than 0. 6,respectively. When the planting density was 30 cm × 30 cm,the per unit yield increased by 16. 1%,12. 0%,13. 1% respectively compared with the planting density of 20 cm × 20 cm,25 cm × 25 cm,35 cm × 35 cm. When B. striata was planted from October to November,the per unit yield was 5. 6% higher than that planted from December to January of the following year,and 21. 3% higher than that from February to March of the second year. When farmyard manure was applied during the cultivation,the per unit yield was 31. 7% and 18. 4% higher than the application of chemical fertilizer and compound fertilizer. When weeding 4 times per year,the per unit yield increased by 240. 1%,137. 0% and 43. 9% respectively from that weeding 1 times,2 times,3 times per year. [Conclusions]When planting B. striata,the stand canopy density of 0. 4-0. 6 could make it receive absolutely shelters and the lighting conditions required for the growth,thereby bringing in high emergence rate,good growth potential and high yield. The best planting effect of B. striata could achieve by planting from October to November with the planting density of 30 cm × 30 cm,which can play the maximum benefit of individual plants. Moreover,weeding 4 times per year combined with the use of farmyard manure can promote the development and growth of tubers,which can greatly improve the yield of B. striata.展开更多
8. Ji Daiyu, General Manager of Baotou Xinyuan RareEarth Hi-Tech Materials Co. LtdControl gross to stabilize prices. Chinese rare earth is precious strategic resource. The more it is exploit, the less it will be. The ...8. Ji Daiyu, General Manager of Baotou Xinyuan RareEarth Hi-Tech Materials Co. LtdControl gross to stabilize prices. Chinese rare earth is precious strategic resource. The more it is exploit, the less it will be. The State has put forward rare earth policy of "strengthen management, protect resource, develop scientifically and face international". Chinese rare展开更多
The ligamentization process of the tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction is crucial for graft healing quality,thereby affecting knee joint function.Excessive scar tissue,caused by activation of...The ligamentization process of the tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction is crucial for graft healing quality,thereby affecting knee joint function.Excessive scar tissue,caused by activation of trans-differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts,rather than orientated collagen fibers with normal composition and structure in the graft mid-substance seriously impacts ligamentization.The elucidation of the underlying mechanism behind the graft fibrosis may facilitate modulation of tendon graft ligamentization.Here,we show that transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)was significantly upregulated with liga-mentization process,contributing to fibroblast to myofibroblast trans-differentiation and thereby leading to impaired collagen orientation with overproduction of collagen type III.Of note,we verified that prostaglandin E2(PGE2),a principal mediator of inflammation secreted by macrophages,significantly reversed TGF-β1-induced trans-differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.Importantly,magnesium(Mg)ions were found to upregulate PGE2 production in macrophages,ul-timately favoring inhibition of scar tissue formation and promoting expression of ligament-like phenotype in the graft mid-substance in rats.Consistently,the rats,with injection of the sodium alginate containing Mg ions into knee joint cavity,exhibited significantly improved gait performance and failure load relative to the control group.These results demonstrate the feasibility of using Mg ions to modulate tendon ligamentization in patients after ACL reconstruction.展开更多
基金Supported by Central Finance Forestry Science and Technology Demonstration and Extension Project (E[2023]TG14).
文摘This paper introduced the preparation work before transplanting big olive trees(Olea europaea L.),including key technical measures such as plant excavation,transportation,planting,and post-planting tending.The aim was to provide scientific basis and feasible solutions for adjusting the density of olive trees in Shiyan City,and to assist in the high-quality development of the olive industry.
文摘Tending management and pest control directly affect forest construction.Not only sustainable growth of timber but also continuous and permanent use of green mountains and water can be achieved by providing tending management measures for sustainable operations and implementing effective pest control measures.According to the demand of production practice,this paper studies the tending management and pest control measures of Pinus koraiensis forest during its growth period,so as to provide important scientific support for improving the quality of P.koraiensis forest in the future.
文摘At this stage, in order to accelerate the development of regional forestry, the first step is to make rational use of forestry forestation and tending technology, strengthen the attention to the management of seedlings, young forests and mature forests during the growth of trees, and do a good job in the relevant control of fire prevention, damage prevention, pest prevention, etc. The mature trees should be cut and protected in a standardized way so as to create economic benefits in forestry production and realize the long-term sustainable development of forestry and provide a good environmental foundation for the construction of social and ecological civilization.
文摘Under the current social development environment, in order to further promote the harmonious and coordinated development of man and nature, it is necessary to implement the management and optimization of forest resources, among which forest tending must be perfected. Forest tending work is based on scientific and reasonable means, combined with the actual growth law of forest resources and the growth characteristics of communities in different regions, to implement the cultivation and expansion of the resource system by means of artificial intervention. At the same time, the plan should be reasonably adjusted in combination with the overall demand and development status of forest resources in the society. It has strong systematic characteristics. Forest tending can promote the forest resources to be managed and protected in an all-round way, and improve their social and economic benefits and ecological benefits.
文摘The management of larch is very important, which is the key period to ensure the output of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings. In order to further improve the overall afforestation level and quality of Larix gmelinii, combining with practice, this paper analyzes the afforestation techniques and corresponding tending management of Larix gmelinii from the aspects of nursery site selection, land preparation and bed making, seed treatment and sowing, etc., and makes targeted analysis from three aspects: seedling management, afforestation management and tending management in fallen leaves, aiming to provide some technical reference for Larix gmelinii afforestation.
文摘With the rapid development of social economy, China has gradually begun to attach great importance to ecological environment protection and ecological civilization construction. At the same time, innovative forest tending management techniques and new forest tending management techniques are selected to effectively expand the total green area. However, in reality, there are still some shortcomings in the forest tending management technology. It is necessary to work out all-round management plans from the fields of management and the comprehensive ability of staff, so as to make contributions to improving the environment in China.
文摘In order to improve the level of forest management, it is necessary to strengthen the innovation and optimization of forest management technology in order to protect forest resources and meet the needs of forest ecosystems. The key of logging technology is to solve the problems in the process of tree growth through various logging measures and healthy growth of trees. Through in-depth analysis of relevant forestry technology content, we are studying the important role of forestry technology in forest diameter, forest height, effective protection of wood and improvement of forest quality and environmental sanitation and the growth of trees.
文摘The shortage of forest tending funds in China has caused the retarded thinning for those forests that need urgently the tending thinning, which in turn has a negative impact on the implementation of forest management activities and results in the poor state of forest quality, function and healthy. This paper analyzed the necessity to implement forest tending subsidies, concluded the experience abroad, and proposed some policy recommendations on how to implement forest tending subsidies in China. It was indicated that forest tending subsidy policy should be fully implemented for a long time in China; the funds for forest tending subsidies should be obtained from multiple sources and multiple forms explored. The focus of the subsidy should be put on how to mobilize the enthusiasms of forest farms and forest farmers to engage in forest tending as well as on its ecological effects and livelihood benefits. At the same time, it is necessary to pay close attention to the problems propping up from forest products trade contributed to by the forest tending subsidies.
文摘As China integrates into the world economy,its economic sustainability and industrial health become more vulnerable to external factors.While China’s grain security comes under intense pressure,thefinancialsectoris confrontedwithloomingrisks.Thecountry’s manufacturingindustryleads the world,but its competitiveness is impeded by a lack of high-end production.Many economists and experts discussed these issues at the 2011 China Economic Security Forum,recently held by the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing.Edited excerpts follow:
文摘The change of pine scale (Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi) population density on pine forest in urban park between treatment (tending operations) and CK (no tending operations) was researched in this paper. The results were shown as follows: population density declined to 0.63 head per bundle from 2.61 heads per bundle when crown density of pine in urban park had become 0.5 or so by means of cultivation activities such as felling, pruning and thinning and so on, and drop got to 75.86 percent. The pinewoods would soon get revived once using these cultivation activities, so tending operations was main measures controlling over harm of pine scale in urban park; At the same time, population density of pine scale on pinewoods in the sunny slope was more than that in the somber slope and it had become less and less from sunny slope to somber slope. Therefore, tree species must be chosen in the planning and design of urban park for preventing harm and happening of pine scale.
文摘The bending modulus property of high performance fiber is an important property for both polymer science and engineering. The measurement of the bending performance is, however, difficult because of the thin size of the fiber. We have measured this property by the axial compression bending method where single fiber with suitable slenderness is compressed in the fiber axial direction to obtain the peak point of the force-displacement curve. Then the bending modulus and the flexural rigidity can be calculated by measuring the protruding length and diameter of fiber needles and the critical force, Pcr. The measured data show that the bending characteristics of all kinds of high performance fiber are dissimilar evidently.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the ecological and economic benefits of Pinus elliottii plantations in Pengchang Forest Farm, Jingmen City. [Methods] P. elliottii plantations in Pengchang Forest Farm in Jingmen City were selected as the research object, and the appearance and quantitative characteristics of P. elliottii community were studied and analyzed by a sampling method. [Results] Phanerophytes were the most in the P. elliottii community, accounting for 50%. In the community, except P. elliottii, the importance values of native plants were higher. The order of species diversity of P. elliottii community in Pengchang Forest Farm was herb layer, tree layer and shrub layer. The stress resistance of the community was weak, and strong intraspecific competition existed in P. elliottii. It is recommended to thin P. elliottii trees with insufficient lighting, poor growth potential and severely damaged tree body, and interplant Phoebe zhennan after thinning the P. elliottii plantations, so as to create a coniferous and broad-leaved evergreen mixed forest. [Conclusions] This study provides scientific support for thinning, tending, and forest management of P. elliottii plantations.
文摘This paper discusses the early silviculture of silver fir(Abies alba Mill.), a major softwood in Romania covering more than 294,000 ha. Three research plots(DRP1, DRP2 and DRP3) were established in a 25-year-old silver fir-dominated stand in May 2012. In DRP1 and DRP2, heavy cleaning-respacing were carried out while DRP3 was kept as a control. After the treatments in 2012,the plots had stocking between 1470 trees ha-1(DRP2) and10,030 trees ha-1(DRP3), basal areas between11.8 m2ha-1(DRP2) and 31.6 m2ha-1(DRP3). The average diameters were between 5.7 cm(DRP3) and 9.6 cm(DRP2). Measurements in September 2016 confirmed the rapid response of silver fir to cleaning-respacing.The best results in average diameter increments and basal area between 2012 and 2016 were in DRP2: 3.7 cm(36.4%) and 7.7 m2ha-1(85.0%) respectively. The largest diameter trees in 2012 were the best growers, and a strong linear correlation between the initial diameter of the remaining trees and their increment was established. Natural dieback of trees occurred only in DRP3(8.6%). The selection of crop trees based on the vigour, quality, and spacing criteria during cleaning-respacing was possible as individuals stood out in terms of vigour and early diameter growth. An issue encountered in DRP1 and DRP2 was the occurrence of epicormic shoots, especially on less vigorous individuals with small crowns. However, four years after cleaning-respacing, these branches are small and do not significantly affect the wood quality.
文摘Determining the most suitable intensities for precommercial thinning (PCT) in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) stands, which cover substantial areas in Turkey and have a high economic and ecological value, is essential to provide higher economic return and obtain well-formed stems. The effects of various rates of PCT interventions on the growth characteristics of natural stands, located in the northern part of Turkey, were explored to determine appropriate thinning rates;24 experimental PCT plots (4 PCT rates × 3 replications × 2 sites) were established in young thicket-stage stands and four precommercial thinning rates such as light (1 – 1.5 m spacing), moderate (1.5−2.0 m spacing) and heavy (2.5–3.0 m spacing) thinning, including a control plot (i.e., untreated), were applied. At the end of the 2007 and 2010 growing seasons, the diameter and height of the trees were measured and growth analyzed based on the 3-year and 6-year incremental growth. PCT levels were found to have significant (P < 0.05) effects on diameter, height, total basal area and total volume increment at the end of each period. The mean diameter and height increment proportionally increased with increasing PCT intensity in the third and the sixth year. In both sites, the moderate PCT provided the greatest total basal area and total volume increment. The early results indicate that the moderate PCT (1.5–2 m spacing) boosted stand development over time.
文摘[Objectives] The aim was to study the artificial cultivation of Bletilla striata to realize large scale and standardization planting. [Methods] The comparison tests were conducted on B. striata with different canopy densities of the Magnolia officinalis forests,different compound planting densities and different tending measures and management. [Results] When the stand canopy density was 0. 4-0. 6,the per unit yield of B. striata was 5. 4%,6. 8% higher than that at the canopy density of less than 0. 4 and more than 0. 6,respectively. When the planting density was 30 cm × 30 cm,the per unit yield increased by 16. 1%,12. 0%,13. 1% respectively compared with the planting density of 20 cm × 20 cm,25 cm × 25 cm,35 cm × 35 cm. When B. striata was planted from October to November,the per unit yield was 5. 6% higher than that planted from December to January of the following year,and 21. 3% higher than that from February to March of the second year. When farmyard manure was applied during the cultivation,the per unit yield was 31. 7% and 18. 4% higher than the application of chemical fertilizer and compound fertilizer. When weeding 4 times per year,the per unit yield increased by 240. 1%,137. 0% and 43. 9% respectively from that weeding 1 times,2 times,3 times per year. [Conclusions]When planting B. striata,the stand canopy density of 0. 4-0. 6 could make it receive absolutely shelters and the lighting conditions required for the growth,thereby bringing in high emergence rate,good growth potential and high yield. The best planting effect of B. striata could achieve by planting from October to November with the planting density of 30 cm × 30 cm,which can play the maximum benefit of individual plants. Moreover,weeding 4 times per year combined with the use of farmyard manure can promote the development and growth of tubers,which can greatly improve the yield of B. striata.
文摘8. Ji Daiyu, General Manager of Baotou Xinyuan RareEarth Hi-Tech Materials Co. LtdControl gross to stabilize prices. Chinese rare earth is precious strategic resource. The more it is exploit, the less it will be. The State has put forward rare earth policy of "strengthen management, protect resource, develop scientifically and face international". Chinese rare
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:32271381 and 32471378)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Grant No.:JCYJ20220530145601004)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.:2024A1515010311)Young Elite Sci-entists Sponsorship Program 2023 of ShanDong Provincial Medical As-sociation,and Science and Technology Plan Project of Jinan(202328050).
文摘The ligamentization process of the tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction is crucial for graft healing quality,thereby affecting knee joint function.Excessive scar tissue,caused by activation of trans-differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts,rather than orientated collagen fibers with normal composition and structure in the graft mid-substance seriously impacts ligamentization.The elucidation of the underlying mechanism behind the graft fibrosis may facilitate modulation of tendon graft ligamentization.Here,we show that transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)was significantly upregulated with liga-mentization process,contributing to fibroblast to myofibroblast trans-differentiation and thereby leading to impaired collagen orientation with overproduction of collagen type III.Of note,we verified that prostaglandin E2(PGE2),a principal mediator of inflammation secreted by macrophages,significantly reversed TGF-β1-induced trans-differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.Importantly,magnesium(Mg)ions were found to upregulate PGE2 production in macrophages,ul-timately favoring inhibition of scar tissue formation and promoting expression of ligament-like phenotype in the graft mid-substance in rats.Consistently,the rats,with injection of the sodium alginate containing Mg ions into knee joint cavity,exhibited significantly improved gait performance and failure load relative to the control group.These results demonstrate the feasibility of using Mg ions to modulate tendon ligamentization in patients after ACL reconstruction.
