The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tenderi...The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tendering, and the functions of the estimate of reasonable low price in the bidding were revealed. On this basis, a new bidding mode of the project with bill of quantities was pro- posed. The application of the new mode will be advantageous to the promotion of the bill of quantities in China.展开更多
Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese government has attached growing importance to education, and has invested more resources and funds into higher education. In addition, the government has also invested larg...Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese government has attached growing importance to education, and has invested more resources and funds into higher education. In addition, the government has also invested large amounts of funds and technologies in the infrastructure construction of universities and colleges. The undertakings related to the infrastructure construction of universities and colleges in China are complicated in essence. Therefore, funds and technologies of the highest standards should be introduced. At the same time, external tendering is necessary for some undertakings. Currently, the tendering model adopted by universities and colleges in China is the traditional, which is ridden with some problems to be resolved in the shortest possible period. This paper focuses on the current problems of the tendering model adopted by universities and colleges and their solutions. Taking the tendering model in the undertakings of North China Electric Power University as an example, it notes setbacks of the traditional tendering model, and provides kind of theoretical support for establishing a new tendering model for universities and colleges and the related enterprises in China.展开更多
Ningbo TenderingCenter of Machinery andElectric Equipment wasestablished with the ap-proval by the CompetantState Department andNingbo Municipal Gov-ernment.It is a legal en-tity subordinated to Ning-bo Municipal Econ...Ningbo TenderingCenter of Machinery andElectric Equipment wasestablished with the ap-proval by the CompetantState Department andNingbo Municipal Gov-ernment.It is a legal en-tity subordinated to Ning-bo Municipal EconomicCommittee,specializingin tendering service un-der the supervision,in-spection and guidance ofthe China National Ten-dering Center of Machin-ery and Electric Equip-ment.展开更多
Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)play essential roles in the metabolism of collagens;however,information regarding MMPs in aquatic animals is limited.To elucidate the specific role of MMPs in shrimp muscle degradation,p...Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)play essential roles in the metabolism of collagens;however,information regarding MMPs in aquatic animals is limited.To elucidate the specific role of MMPs in shrimp muscle degradation,proteinases with gelati-nolytic activity were identified in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei(Lv).The gelatinolytic activity was suppressed by metalloproteinase inhibitors EDTA and EGTA to some degree,suggesting the existence of metalloproteinases.Then the catalytic do-main of LvMMP-2(LvMMP-2c)was cloned and expressed heterologously in the Pichia pastoris expression system.rLvMMP-2c(re-combinant LvMMP-2c)demonstrated optimal gelatinolytic activity at pH 8.0 and 50℃,and its activity could be enhanced by Ca^(2+)and Ba^(2+).Type I collagen and myofibrillar proteins from shrimp were effectively hydrolyzed by rLvMMP-2c not only at 37℃,but also at 4℃,indicating its involvement in the postmortem tenderization of shrimp muscle.Our present study provided new informa-tion to elucidate the role of metalloproteinase underlying shrimp meat softening during cold storage,and suggested new strategies to prevent shrimp quality decrement during cold storage.展开更多
This study describes the design and performance of a laboratory-based tender X-ray spectrometer for X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The system enables effective absorption spectra to be measured within the 2.0-9.0 keV r...This study describes the design and performance of a laboratory-based tender X-ray spectrometer for X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The system enables effective absorption spectra to be measured within the 2.0-9.0 keV range using Rowland circle geometry;it covers the K edge of 3d transition metals,the L edge of lanthanides,and the M edge of actinides.The spectrometer is configured with a Rowland circle with a diameter of 500 mm and integrates a 250 W liquid metal jet X-ray source,spherical bent crystal analyzer,and energy-resolving silicon drift detector.The X-ray source is installed outside the vacuum chamber and remains fixed,while the analyzer crystals and detector are adjusted to change the Bragg angle,maintaining the Rowland condition.The energy resolution is 0.36-1.30 eV at 2.0-9.0 keV,and the monochromatic flux is approximately 5×10^(5) counts/s at 7040 eV.This study highlights the primary characteristics of the spectrometer and demon-strates its capabilities using selected experimental examples.The successful development of this spectrometer can facilitate research on actinide elements,which are often constrained in synchrotron radiation experiments owing to their radioactivity,thus fostering advancements in related nuclear energy fields.展开更多
Limited research has been conducted on the internal tendering procedures(ITP) of construction contractors because of the commercially sensitive and confidential nature of the subject matter. This limitation explains t...Limited research has been conducted on the internal tendering procedures(ITP) of construction contractors because of the commercially sensitive and confidential nature of the subject matter. This limitation explains the reluctance of contractors to undergo interviews. Existing research(outside bid/no-bid and margin decision factor identification and subsequent decision modeling development) only begins to provide insights into key tendering stages, particularly around risk assessments and corporate review processes. Early research suggested one to three review stages. However, when considering the whole work procurement process from prospect identification to contract execution, five to seven series of reviews can be arguably applied by some contractors, wherein some reviews stepped through several layers of internal senior management. Tendering processes were presented as flowchart models that traditionally follow "hard" system(rectangular shapes and straight line arrows) steps, which suggest that a precise process also leads to precise results. However, given that contractors do not win every tender they submit, the process is less precise than that suggested in rigidly structured flowcharts.Twenty-five detailed semi-structured interviews were held with purposely selected high-profile publicly and privately owned construction companies in Australia with significantly varied turnovers. Analyses show that contractors are concerned about the negative effects of increasing corporate governance demands, with many stating that people involved are the most critical element to tendering success. A new way of presenting the ITP of contractors is assessed using a soft systems methodology(SSM) approach. SSM offers an alternative way of considering human interaction challenges within the ITP of contractors, which needs to be tested with the industry.The format graphics of SSM guidelines are presented as a way of offering contractors a different approach, which may assist individuals who are looking to re-structure their tendering activities in a more humanistic and less rigid procedural approach.展开更多
In this study,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress inducer tunicamycin(TM)and inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)were used to treat postmortem chicken breast muscle to investigate changes in tenderness and effects on apo...In this study,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress inducer tunicamycin(TM)and inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)were used to treat postmortem chicken breast muscle to investigate changes in tenderness and effects on apoptosis and autophagy during 5 days ageing.TM-induced ER stress reduced shear force,enhanced myofibril fragmentation index(MFI),disrupted myofibril structure,increased desmin degradation,and activatedμ-calpain and caspase-12.In addition,TM-induced ER stress increased the expression of Bax,Bim,and cytochrome c,and decreased the expression of Bcl-x L.Furthermore,TM-induced ER stress improved the conversion of LC3I to LC3II,raised the expression of Beclin-1,and decreased the expression of p62,PI3K,and m TOR.The opposite results were observed after 4-PBA treatment.These results suggested that ER stress could improve chicken tenderness,promote apoptosis and autophagy during chicken postmortem ageing.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chilling rate on porcine meat quality from the perspective of proteome using data independent acquisition(DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy. M. longi...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chilling rate on porcine meat quality from the perspective of proteome using data independent acquisition(DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum(n = 9) was assigned randomly to the control group(3.72 ℃/h), very fast chilling-Ⅰ group(VFC-Ⅰ, 9.31℃/h) and VFC-Ⅱ group(14.43 ℃/h). The DIA was used to analyze the difference in proteins under different chilling rates. Results showed that tenderness was improved significantly in meat at the chilling rate of 14.43 ℃/h. Seventy-nine differential abundant proteins(fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05), including 46 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated proteins, were identified and mainly involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and proteasome pathways. These pathways indicated that VFC delayed cell metabolism and glycolysis by down-regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. The tenderness was improved by up-regulating the expression of proteasome and m-calpain.展开更多
The calpain system is ubiquitous in cells, mainly comprising calpains and calpain inhibitors, and is a widespread calcium-dependent cysteine protease in organisms that is involved in many cellular processes such as mu...The calpain system is ubiquitous in cells, mainly comprising calpains and calpain inhibitors, and is a widespread calcium-dependent cysteine protease in organisms that is involved in many cellular processes such as muscle degradation in vivo and affects the tenderness of meat after animal slaughter. The study found 128 DEGs that probably regulated tenderness traits were selected from 16 significantly enriched GO terms by transcriptome sequencing analysis, and found that the developmental changes in the expression levels of the CAPN1 gene in the pectoral and leg muscles were significantly positively correlated ( P <0.05) with the cumulative growth values of live weight and comb weight. The developmental changes in the expression levels of the CAST gene in the pectoral and leg muscles were not significantly correlated with the cumulative growth values of live weight and comb weight. Our results helped demonstrate the potential molecular mechanisms of tenderness in chickens and provide valuable information for chicken breeding.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of different rearing modes on muscle histological traits and muscle ten demess and to provide theoretical basis for regulating chicken meat quality. [...[ Objective] The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of different rearing modes on muscle histological traits and muscle ten demess and to provide theoretical basis for regulating chicken meat quality. [ Method] The effects of outdoor rearing, indoor rearing and cage rea ring modes on the muscular histological traits and meat tenderness of Hetian chicken at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks were re searched. [Result] The results showed that the breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter and muscle shear force of outdoor rearing chicken were sig nificently higher than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）, and muscle fibre density was significantly lower than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）. With aging, the muscle fibre diameter and shear force increased and muscle fibre density decreased （ P 〈 0.05）. The muscle fibre di ameter and shear force of male were higher than that of female. The correlation analysis showed that the breast muscle shear force had a signifi cantly positive relation with fibre diameter and negative relation with fibre density （ P 〈 0.05）, but thigh muscle shear force had an insignificantly pos itive relation with fibre diameter and fibre density. [ Condusion] Muscular histological traits varied in different rearing modes, and the outdoor rearing promoted the muscular fibre development and increased the muscular shear force.展开更多
Our research began with a consideration of the etymological origins of the terms Ashi and the Ashi point. We used both original source texts and textual criticism to trace the original meaning of the phrases, ＂take t...Our research began with a consideration of the etymological origins of the terms Ashi and the Ashi point. We used both original source texts and textual criticism to trace the original meaning of the phrases, ＂take the tender spot as the point＂ and ＂use the Ashi method.＂ Linguistic theory informed our discussion of three similar terms and our analysis of them. We show that Ashi points are in theory similar to regular acupuncture points in terms of their definition and function. Furthermore, we can use the concept of ＂c/i-pathway （Qi./ie）＂ to expand our understanding of the clinical use of Ashi points. Ultimately, the main purpose of our research was to clarify that the classical Ashi point and modern, western concept of the trigger point are in fact quite similar. The two concepts have been described in different languages primarily due to cultural differences.展开更多
In order to discuss the cutting propagation effect of Rhodoleia championii, this study carried out a cutting propagation experiment with tender twigs as experi- mental materials. The results showed that selecting the ...In order to discuss the cutting propagation effect of Rhodoleia championii, this study carried out a cutting propagation experiment with tender twigs as experi- mental materials. The results showed that selecting the cuttings with 2-4 half leaves could significantly improve the rooting percentage of cuttings; the fungicide carben- dazim and rooting accelerant GGR6 at different concentrations significantJy affected the rooting percentage of cuttings; and different cutting media also significantly af- fected the rooting percentage of cuttings.展开更多
Objective＇ To study the muscular histological traits and their relationship with meat tenderness in local broilers and provide a theoretical basis for promoting meat quality of broiler. [Methed] The diameter and dens...Objective＇ To study the muscular histological traits and their relationship with meat tenderness in local broilers and provide a theoretical basis for promoting meat quality of broiler. [Methed] The diameter and density of muscle fiber of three local varieties of chicken （Beijing Fatty broil- er, Fujian Hetian broiler and Taining Black broiler） were detected at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. And the differences in the diame- ter and density of muscle fiber as well as their relationship with meat tenderness were respectively analyzed with SAS software. [ Resultl Fatty broil- er had the smallest muscle fiber diameter while Hetian broiler the largest; Fatty broiler had the highest muscle fiber density while Hetian broiler the lowest Hetian broiler had the highest muscle shear force of leg muscle while Black broiler the lowest （ P 〈0.05） ; Black broiler had the highest mus- cle shear force of breast muscle while Fatty broiler the lowest （P〈0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the shear force of breast muscle and leg muscle had significantly positive relation with fiber diameter and significantly negative relation with fiber density （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] Muscu- lar histological traits varied in different local broilers, and the muscular shear force had significantly relation with fiber diameter and density.展开更多
[Objective] The study was carried out in order to find out the best method of rapid cutting rooting of Syriga microphylla with tender branches.[Method] Effect of rooting reagent with different concentrations on the ra...[Objective] The study was carried out in order to find out the best method of rapid cutting rooting of Syriga microphylla with tender branches.[Method] Effect of rooting reagent with different concentrations on the rapid cutting rooting of Syriga microphylla with tender branches was studied in our paper.[Result] There was great difference between cuttings with auxin and without auxin.[Conclusion] Tender branches treated by 90 mg/L indole butyric acid（IBA）had the best cutting rooting.展开更多
To investigate the variation law of pericarp tenderness in growth progress of super sweet corn kernel, the values of pericarp tenderness of 10 super sweet corn inbreeds were measured during kernel growth, and the vari...To investigate the variation law of pericarp tenderness in growth progress of super sweet corn kernel, the values of pericarp tenderness of 10 super sweet corn inbreeds were measured during kernel growth, and the variations under differ- ent conditions were analyzed. The results showed that there existed gradient differ- ences in pericarp tenderness among the 10 materials, of which PE10 had the best pericarp tenderness, T105 took medial place, and $33205 performed worst in peri- carp tenderness. Pericarp tenderness values of these 3 inbreeds increased curvedly from 12 to 24 days after pollination, in the spring （Wuhan, Hubei） and winter （Ling- shui, Hainan） of 2014. Moreover, the average pericarp tenderness at different time points presented the same decreasing order of $33205, T105, PE10, which was not altered by enviroment. With the growth of kernel, for one material, the difference of pericarp tenderness under different environments presented a law of increment, re- duction, uniformity. As for optimum-picking time, there was four days difference be- tween the spring in Wuhan and winter in Lingshui. However, there was no obvious difference in pericarp tenderness on the optimum picking time, which indicated that growing environment could affect the variation ratio of pericarp tenderness, but it still depended on the nature of materials.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for the production technolo- gy of cold fresh chicken. [Method] Lactic acid was used as the disinfectant in cooling water, so as to study the effect of disinfection time on...[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for the production technolo- gy of cold fresh chicken. [Method] Lactic acid was used as the disinfectant in cooling water, so as to study the effect of disinfection time on the microbial content and quality of cold fresh chicken. [Result] With disinfection of 20 min, the removal rates of the total colonies, coliforms and moulds reached over 95%. As the disinfec- tion time was further extended, it had no significant effect on the removal effects of the microbial content and could affect the tenderness and color of cold fresh chick- en. [Cendusion] The study provides references for the design and optimization of the production process of cold fresh chicken.展开更多
This paper discusses aspects related to competitiveness in the ITB （invitation to bid） of the public tender for the concession of the urban bus public transport services in the RMR （Metropolitan Region of Recife） ...This paper discusses aspects related to competitiveness in the ITB （invitation to bid） of the public tender for the concession of the urban bus public transport services in the RMR （Metropolitan Region of Recife） in the Brazilian northeastern region. The bid was made public through a consortium formed by the two major cities of the RMR--Recife and Olinda, and the government of the State of Pernambuco. Throughout the paper, the basic features of the bidding terms are presented and some aspects of these characteristics that undermine competitiveness are pointed out and submitted to criticisms. Aspects such as the small number of lots, the lack of diversification of lot sizes and the possibility of forming consortia with unlimited number of participants were targeted. In order to prove the criticisms stated, a simulation of an arrangement amongst incumbents is presented, based on the rules of the tender, in which the allocation of incumbents ex post bidding does not differ from the ex ante scenario. Thus, the main objective of this article is to assess whether good practices that foster competition were followed by the ITB and the main conclusion is that competitiveness was put in jeopardy.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the impact of 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle on meat tenderness. [Method] The 4685 loci in 14th intron region of CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yello...[Objective] The paper was to explore the impact of 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle on meat tenderness. [Method] The 4685 loci in 14th intron region of CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle was conducted analysis of gene polymorphism and meat tenderness by PCR-RFLP technology, and the effect of the loci on Jilin local cattle breeds was verified. [Result] The loci had close relationship with related detection indices of meat tenderness （cooking loss, muscle fibre diameter, shear force and drip loss）, and the existence of T allele could significantly increase the tenderness level of in- dividuals, but the loci was not associated to pH value. 4685 loci was not associated to carcass traits （carcass weight, net meat weight and carcass yield ratio）, which only had certain correlation with eye muscle area. [Conclusion] The 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle had close association with meat tenderness.展开更多
Traveling is one major theme of Fitzgerald's novel Tender Is the Night. This fashionable activity for the 1920 s Americans is represented in the novel as ostensibly bearing different meanings to the main character...Traveling is one major theme of Fitzgerald's novel Tender Is the Night. This fashionable activity for the 1920 s Americans is represented in the novel as ostensibly bearing different meanings to the main characters, but a deeper look would reveal that it is unanimously resorted to as a weapon against the spiritual barrenness caused by the cult of business, and more importantly, as a way to the experience of rootedness.展开更多
文摘The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tendering, and the functions of the estimate of reasonable low price in the bidding were revealed. On this basis, a new bidding mode of the project with bill of quantities was pro- posed. The application of the new mode will be advantageous to the promotion of the bill of quantities in China.
文摘Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese government has attached growing importance to education, and has invested more resources and funds into higher education. In addition, the government has also invested large amounts of funds and technologies in the infrastructure construction of universities and colleges. The undertakings related to the infrastructure construction of universities and colleges in China are complicated in essence. Therefore, funds and technologies of the highest standards should be introduced. At the same time, external tendering is necessary for some undertakings. Currently, the tendering model adopted by universities and colleges in China is the traditional, which is ridden with some problems to be resolved in the shortest possible period. This paper focuses on the current problems of the tendering model adopted by universities and colleges and their solutions. Taking the tendering model in the undertakings of North China Electric Power University as an example, it notes setbacks of the traditional tendering model, and provides kind of theoretical support for establishing a new tendering model for universities and colleges and the related enterprises in China.
文摘Ningbo TenderingCenter of Machinery andElectric Equipment wasestablished with the ap-proval by the CompetantState Department andNingbo Municipal Gov-ernment.It is a legal en-tity subordinated to Ning-bo Municipal EconomicCommittee,specializingin tendering service un-der the supervision,in-spection and guidance ofthe China National Ten-dering Center of Machin-ery and Electric Equip-ment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0901004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772049)the Agricultural Guidance Program of Fujian Province(No.2024N0057).
文摘Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)play essential roles in the metabolism of collagens;however,information regarding MMPs in aquatic animals is limited.To elucidate the specific role of MMPs in shrimp muscle degradation,proteinases with gelati-nolytic activity were identified in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei(Lv).The gelatinolytic activity was suppressed by metalloproteinase inhibitors EDTA and EGTA to some degree,suggesting the existence of metalloproteinases.Then the catalytic do-main of LvMMP-2(LvMMP-2c)was cloned and expressed heterologously in the Pichia pastoris expression system.rLvMMP-2c(re-combinant LvMMP-2c)demonstrated optimal gelatinolytic activity at pH 8.0 and 50℃,and its activity could be enhanced by Ca^(2+)and Ba^(2+).Type I collagen and myofibrillar proteins from shrimp were effectively hydrolyzed by rLvMMP-2c not only at 37℃,but also at 4℃,indicating its involvement in the postmortem tenderization of shrimp muscle.Our present study provided new informa-tion to elucidate the role of metalloproteinase underlying shrimp meat softening during cold storage,and suggested new strategies to prevent shrimp quality decrement during cold storage.
基金supported by the Instrument and Equipment Development Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(Grant No.YJKYYQ20180066)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22227809)+2 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(No.22142200300)the Science and Technology Talents Program of the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics(No.SINAP-KJZX-202204)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA 0400000).
文摘This study describes the design and performance of a laboratory-based tender X-ray spectrometer for X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The system enables effective absorption spectra to be measured within the 2.0-9.0 keV range using Rowland circle geometry;it covers the K edge of 3d transition metals,the L edge of lanthanides,and the M edge of actinides.The spectrometer is configured with a Rowland circle with a diameter of 500 mm and integrates a 250 W liquid metal jet X-ray source,spherical bent crystal analyzer,and energy-resolving silicon drift detector.The X-ray source is installed outside the vacuum chamber and remains fixed,while the analyzer crystals and detector are adjusted to change the Bragg angle,maintaining the Rowland condition.The energy resolution is 0.36-1.30 eV at 2.0-9.0 keV,and the monochromatic flux is approximately 5×10^(5) counts/s at 7040 eV.This study highlights the primary characteristics of the spectrometer and demon-strates its capabilities using selected experimental examples.The successful development of this spectrometer can facilitate research on actinide elements,which are often constrained in synchrotron radiation experiments owing to their radioactivity,thus fostering advancements in related nuclear energy fields.
文摘Limited research has been conducted on the internal tendering procedures(ITP) of construction contractors because of the commercially sensitive and confidential nature of the subject matter. This limitation explains the reluctance of contractors to undergo interviews. Existing research(outside bid/no-bid and margin decision factor identification and subsequent decision modeling development) only begins to provide insights into key tendering stages, particularly around risk assessments and corporate review processes. Early research suggested one to three review stages. However, when considering the whole work procurement process from prospect identification to contract execution, five to seven series of reviews can be arguably applied by some contractors, wherein some reviews stepped through several layers of internal senior management. Tendering processes were presented as flowchart models that traditionally follow "hard" system(rectangular shapes and straight line arrows) steps, which suggest that a precise process also leads to precise results. However, given that contractors do not win every tender they submit, the process is less precise than that suggested in rigidly structured flowcharts.Twenty-five detailed semi-structured interviews were held with purposely selected high-profile publicly and privately owned construction companies in Australia with significantly varied turnovers. Analyses show that contractors are concerned about the negative effects of increasing corporate governance demands, with many stating that people involved are the most critical element to tendering success. A new way of presenting the ITP of contractors is assessed using a soft systems methodology(SSM) approach. SSM offers an alternative way of considering human interaction challenges within the ITP of contractors, which needs to be tested with the industry.The format graphics of SSM guidelines are presented as a way of offering contractors a different approach, which may assist individuals who are looking to re-structure their tendering activities in a more humanistic and less rigid procedural approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G32072142,31972099)。
文摘In this study,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress inducer tunicamycin(TM)and inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA)were used to treat postmortem chicken breast muscle to investigate changes in tenderness and effects on apoptosis and autophagy during 5 days ageing.TM-induced ER stress reduced shear force,enhanced myofibril fragmentation index(MFI),disrupted myofibril structure,increased desmin degradation,and activatedμ-calpain and caspase-12.In addition,TM-induced ER stress increased the expression of Bax,Bim,and cytochrome c,and decreased the expression of Bcl-x L.Furthermore,TM-induced ER stress improved the conversion of LC3I to LC3II,raised the expression of Beclin-1,and decreased the expression of p62,PI3K,and m TOR.The opposite results were observed after 4-PBA treatment.These results suggested that ER stress could improve chicken tenderness,promote apoptosis and autophagy during chicken postmortem ageing.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030086).
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chilling rate on porcine meat quality from the perspective of proteome using data independent acquisition(DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy. M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum(n = 9) was assigned randomly to the control group(3.72 ℃/h), very fast chilling-Ⅰ group(VFC-Ⅰ, 9.31℃/h) and VFC-Ⅱ group(14.43 ℃/h). The DIA was used to analyze the difference in proteins under different chilling rates. Results showed that tenderness was improved significantly in meat at the chilling rate of 14.43 ℃/h. Seventy-nine differential abundant proteins(fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05), including 46 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated proteins, were identified and mainly involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and proteasome pathways. These pathways indicated that VFC delayed cell metabolism and glycolysis by down-regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. The tenderness was improved by up-regulating the expression of proteasome and m-calpain.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2021YFYZ0031SASA2024CZYX002)National Modern Agricultural Technology System Construction of China(CARS-41-G07)。
文摘The calpain system is ubiquitous in cells, mainly comprising calpains and calpain inhibitors, and is a widespread calcium-dependent cysteine protease in organisms that is involved in many cellular processes such as muscle degradation in vivo and affects the tenderness of meat after animal slaughter. The study found 128 DEGs that probably regulated tenderness traits were selected from 16 significantly enriched GO terms by transcriptome sequencing analysis, and found that the developmental changes in the expression levels of the CAPN1 gene in the pectoral and leg muscles were significantly positively correlated ( P <0.05) with the cumulative growth values of live weight and comb weight. The developmental changes in the expression levels of the CAST gene in the pectoral and leg muscles were not significantly correlated with the cumulative growth values of live weight and comb weight. Our results helped demonstrate the potential molecular mechanisms of tenderness in chickens and provide valuable information for chicken breeding.
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of different rearing modes on muscle histological traits and muscle ten demess and to provide theoretical basis for regulating chicken meat quality. [ Method] The effects of outdoor rearing, indoor rearing and cage rea ring modes on the muscular histological traits and meat tenderness of Hetian chicken at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks were re searched. [Result] The results showed that the breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter and muscle shear force of outdoor rearing chicken were sig nificently higher than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）, and muscle fibre density was significantly lower than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）. With aging, the muscle fibre diameter and shear force increased and muscle fibre density decreased （ P 〈 0.05）. The muscle fibre di ameter and shear force of male were higher than that of female. The correlation analysis showed that the breast muscle shear force had a signifi cantly positive relation with fibre diameter and negative relation with fibre density （ P 〈 0.05）, but thigh muscle shear force had an insignificantly pos itive relation with fibre diameter and fibre density. [ Condusion] Muscular histological traits varied in different rearing modes, and the outdoor rearing promoted the muscular fibre development and increased the muscular shear force.
基金Supported by Project of National Key Basic Research and Development Plan(973 Plan):2013CB532006
文摘Our research began with a consideration of the etymological origins of the terms Ashi and the Ashi point. We used both original source texts and textual criticism to trace the original meaning of the phrases, ＂take the tender spot as the point＂ and ＂use the Ashi method.＂ Linguistic theory informed our discussion of three similar terms and our analysis of them. We show that Ashi points are in theory similar to regular acupuncture points in terms of their definition and function. Furthermore, we can use the concept of ＂c/i-pathway （Qi./ie）＂ to expand our understanding of the clinical use of Ashi points. Ultimately, the main purpose of our research was to clarify that the classical Ashi point and modern, western concept of the trigger point are in fact quite similar. The two concepts have been described in different languages primarily due to cultural differences.
基金Supported by Forestry Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province(XLK201511)
文摘In order to discuss the cutting propagation effect of Rhodoleia championii, this study carried out a cutting propagation experiment with tender twigs as experi- mental materials. The results showed that selecting the cuttings with 2-4 half leaves could significantly improve the rooting percentage of cuttings; the fungicide carben- dazim and rooting accelerant GGR6 at different concentrations significantJy affected the rooting percentage of cuttings; and different cutting media also significantly af- fected the rooting percentage of cuttings.
文摘Objective＇ To study the muscular histological traits and their relationship with meat tenderness in local broilers and provide a theoretical basis for promoting meat quality of broiler. [Methed] The diameter and density of muscle fiber of three local varieties of chicken （Beijing Fatty broil- er, Fujian Hetian broiler and Taining Black broiler） were detected at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. And the differences in the diame- ter and density of muscle fiber as well as their relationship with meat tenderness were respectively analyzed with SAS software. [ Resultl Fatty broil- er had the smallest muscle fiber diameter while Hetian broiler the largest; Fatty broiler had the highest muscle fiber density while Hetian broiler the lowest Hetian broiler had the highest muscle shear force of leg muscle while Black broiler the lowest （ P 〈0.05） ; Black broiler had the highest mus- cle shear force of breast muscle while Fatty broiler the lowest （P〈0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the shear force of breast muscle and leg muscle had significantly positive relation with fiber diameter and significantly negative relation with fiber density （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] Muscu- lar histological traits varied in different local broilers, and the muscular shear force had significantly relation with fiber diameter and density.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Jilin Education Department([2010]number450)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was carried out in order to find out the best method of rapid cutting rooting of Syriga microphylla with tender branches.[Method] Effect of rooting reagent with different concentrations on the rapid cutting rooting of Syriga microphylla with tender branches was studied in our paper.[Result] There was great difference between cuttings with auxin and without auxin.[Conclusion] Tender branches treated by 90 mg/L indole butyric acid（IBA）had the best cutting rooting.
基金Supported by the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(SKL-CUSAb-2013-03)
文摘To investigate the variation law of pericarp tenderness in growth progress of super sweet corn kernel, the values of pericarp tenderness of 10 super sweet corn inbreeds were measured during kernel growth, and the variations under differ- ent conditions were analyzed. The results showed that there existed gradient differ- ences in pericarp tenderness among the 10 materials, of which PE10 had the best pericarp tenderness, T105 took medial place, and $33205 performed worst in peri- carp tenderness. Pericarp tenderness values of these 3 inbreeds increased curvedly from 12 to 24 days after pollination, in the spring （Wuhan, Hubei） and winter （Ling- shui, Hainan） of 2014. Moreover, the average pericarp tenderness at different time points presented the same decreasing order of $33205, T105, PE10, which was not altered by enviroment. With the growth of kernel, for one material, the difference of pericarp tenderness under different environments presented a law of increment, re- duction, uniformity. As for optimum-picking time, there was four days difference be- tween the spring in Wuhan and winter in Lingshui. However, there was no obvious difference in pericarp tenderness on the optimum picking time, which indicated that growing environment could affect the variation ratio of pericarp tenderness, but it still depended on the nature of materials.
基金Supported by the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(CX(15)1009)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for the production technolo- gy of cold fresh chicken. [Method] Lactic acid was used as the disinfectant in cooling water, so as to study the effect of disinfection time on the microbial content and quality of cold fresh chicken. [Result] With disinfection of 20 min, the removal rates of the total colonies, coliforms and moulds reached over 95%. As the disinfec- tion time was further extended, it had no significant effect on the removal effects of the microbial content and could affect the tenderness and color of cold fresh chick- en. [Cendusion] The study provides references for the design and optimization of the production process of cold fresh chicken.
文摘This paper discusses aspects related to competitiveness in the ITB （invitation to bid） of the public tender for the concession of the urban bus public transport services in the RMR （Metropolitan Region of Recife） in the Brazilian northeastern region. The bid was made public through a consortium formed by the two major cities of the RMR--Recife and Olinda, and the government of the State of Pernambuco. Throughout the paper, the basic features of the bidding terms are presented and some aspects of these characteristics that undermine competitiveness are pointed out and submitted to criticisms. Aspects such as the small number of lots, the lack of diversification of lot sizes and the possibility of forming consortia with unlimited number of participants were targeted. In order to prove the criticisms stated, a simulation of an arrangement amongst incumbents is presented, based on the rules of the tender, in which the allocation of incumbents ex post bidding does not differ from the ex ante scenario. Thus, the main objective of this article is to assess whether good practices that foster competition were followed by the ITB and the main conclusion is that competitiveness was put in jeopardy.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development(863) Program (2008AA101010)The State "Eleventh Five-year" Science and Technology Support Plan(2008BADB2B01)Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources Platform Project (2012) of National Science and Technology Foundation Platform~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the impact of 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle on meat tenderness. [Method] The 4685 loci in 14th intron region of CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle was conducted analysis of gene polymorphism and meat tenderness by PCR-RFLP technology, and the effect of the loci on Jilin local cattle breeds was verified. [Result] The loci had close relationship with related detection indices of meat tenderness （cooking loss, muscle fibre diameter, shear force and drip loss）, and the existence of T allele could significantly increase the tenderness level of in- dividuals, but the loci was not associated to pH value. 4685 loci was not associated to carcass traits （carcass weight, net meat weight and carcass yield ratio）, which only had certain correlation with eye muscle area. [Conclusion] The 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle had close association with meat tenderness.
文摘Traveling is one major theme of Fitzgerald's novel Tender Is the Night. This fashionable activity for the 1920 s Americans is represented in the novel as ostensibly bearing different meanings to the main characters, but a deeper look would reveal that it is unanimously resorted to as a weapon against the spiritual barrenness caused by the cult of business, and more importantly, as a way to the experience of rootedness.
