To consider fiber random distribution at the microscale for the multiscale model based on the micro-mechanics failure(MMF)theory,clustering method is used for the extraction of amplification factors.As the clustering ...To consider fiber random distribution at the microscale for the multiscale model based on the micro-mechanics failure(MMF)theory,clustering method is used for the extraction of amplification factors.As the clustering method is a kind of unsupervised machine learning method,the elements with similar mechanical behavior under external loading can be included in a cluster automatically at the microscale.With this modification,the fiber random distribution model can be used for multiscale damage analysis in the framework of MMF theory.To validate the modified multiscale analysis method,progressive damage analysis of a kind of 2D twill woven composites is conducted based on different microscale models.The stress values for microscale models with fiber hexagonal and random distribution patterns are compared first.Much higher stress concentration is generated in the fiber random distribution model due to the smaller inter-fiber distance especially under longitudinal shear loading.The obtained cluster distribution results exhibit the characters of the stress distribution in the two microscale models.Thereafter,tensile and compressive responses of the 2D twill woven composite are predicted with the modified multiscale analysis method and accuracy of the method is verified through comparison with published experimental results.From the simulation results,it can be found that the matrix damage initiation from the model based on the fiber random distribution model is premature compared with that from the model based on the fiber hexagonal distribution model.Besides,under tensile loading,the damage all initiates from the fill tows and propagates to the wrap tows.However,under compressive loading,the matrix damage initiates from the wrap tows in the model based on the fiber random distribution model.展开更多
One of the largest known megafloods on earth resulted from a glacier dam-break,which occurred during the Late Quaternary in the Altai Mountains in Southern Siberia.Computational modeling is one of the viable approache...One of the largest known megafloods on earth resulted from a glacier dam-break,which occurred during the Late Quaternary in the Altai Mountains in Southern Siberia.Computational modeling is one of the viable approaches to enhancing the understanding of the flood events.The computational domain of this flood is over 9460 km2 and about 3.784 × 106 cells are involved as a 50 m × 50 m mesh is used,which necessitates a computationally efficient model.Here the Open MP(Open Multiprocessing) technique is adopted to parallelize the code of a coupled 2D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model.It is shown that the computational efficiency is enhanced by over 80% due to the parallelization.The floods over both fixed and mobile beds are well reproduced with specified discharge hydrographs at the dam site.Qualitatively,backwater effects during the flood are resolved at the bifurcation between the Chuja and Katun rivers.Quantitatively,the computed maximum stage and thalweg are physically consistent with the field data of the bars and deposits.The effects of sediment transport and morphological evolution on the flood are considerable.Sensitivity analyses indicate that the impact of the peak discharge is significant,whilst those of the Manningroughness,medium sediment size and shape of the inlet discharge hydrograph are marginal.展开更多
The formation heterogeneity is considered as one of the major factors limiting the application of foam flooding.In this paper,influences of formation properties,such as permeability,permeability distribution,interlaye...The formation heterogeneity is considered as one of the major factors limiting the application of foam flooding.In this paper,influences of formation properties,such as permeability,permeability distribution,interlayer,sedimentary rhythm and 3D heterogeneity,on the mobility control capability and oil displacement efficiency of foam flooding,were systematically investigated using 2D homogeneous and 2D/3D heterogeneous models under 120°C and salinity of 20×10~4 mg/L.The flow resistance of foam was promoted as the permeability increased,which thus resulted in a considerable oil recovery behavior.In the scenario of the vertical heterogeneous formations,it was observed that the permeability of the high-permeable layer was crucial to foam mobility control,and the positive rhythm appeared favorable to improve the foam flooding performance.The additional oil recovery increased to about 40%.The interlayer was favorable for the increases in mobility reduction factor and oil recovery of foam flooding when the low permeability ratio was involved.For the 3D heterogeneous formations,foam could efficiently adjust the areal and vertical heterogeneity through mobility control and gravity segregation,and thus enhancing the oil recovery to 11%–14%.The results derived from this work may provide some insight for the field test designs of foam flooding.展开更多
Crowdsourced data can effectively observe environmental and urban ecosystem processes.The use of data produced by untrained people into flood forecasting models may effectively allow Early Warning Systems(EWS)to bette...Crowdsourced data can effectively observe environmental and urban ecosystem processes.The use of data produced by untrained people into flood forecasting models may effectively allow Early Warning Systems(EWS)to better perform while support decision-making to reduce the fatalities and economic losses due to inundation hazard.In this work,we develop a Data Assimilation(DA)method integrating Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI)and a 2D hydraulic model and we test its performances.The proposed framework seeks to extend the capabilities and performances of standard DA works,based on the use of traditional in situ sensors,by assimilating VGI while managing and taking into account the uncertainties related to the quality,and the location and timing of the entire set of observational data.The November 2012 flood in the Italian Tiber River basin was selected as the case study.Results show improvements of the model in terms of uncertainty with a significant persistence of the model updating after the integration of the VGI,even in the case of use of few-selected observations gathered from social media.This will encourage further research in the use of VGI for EWS considering the exponential increase of quality and quantity of smartphone and social media user worldwide.展开更多
Debris flows are rapid mass movements with a mixture of rock,soil and water.High-intensity rainfall events have triggered multiple debris flows around the globe,making it an important concern from the disaster managem...Debris flows are rapid mass movements with a mixture of rock,soil and water.High-intensity rainfall events have triggered multiple debris flows around the globe,making it an important concern from the disaster management perspective.This study presents a numerical model called debris flow simulation 2D(DFS 2D)and applicability of the proposed model is investigated through the values of the model parameters used for the reproduction of an occurred debris flow at Yindongzi gully in China on 13 August 2010.The model can be used to simulate debris flows using three different rheologies and has a userfriendly interface for providing the inputs.Using DFS 2D,flow parameters can be estimated with respect to space and time.The values of the flow resistance parameters of model,dry-Coulomb and turbulent friction,were calibrated through the back analysis and the values obtained are 0.1 and 1000 m/s^(2),respectively.Two new methods of calibration are proposed in this study,considering the crosssectional area of flow and topographical changes induced by the debris flow.The proposed methods of calibration provide an effective solution to the cumulative errors induced by coarse-resolution digital elevation models(DEMs)in numerical modelling of debris flows.The statistical indices such as Willmott's index of agreement,mean-absolute-error,and normalized-root-mean-square-error of the calibrated model are 0.5,1.02 and 1.44,respectively.The comparison between simulated and observed values of topographic changes indicates that DFS 2D provides satisfactory results and can be used for dynamic modelling of debris flows.展开更多
The manufacturing of spiral groove structure of two-dimensional valve(2D valve)feedback mechanism has shortcomings of both high cost and time-consuming.This paper presents a novel configuration of rotary electro-mecha...The manufacturing of spiral groove structure of two-dimensional valve(2D valve)feedback mechanism has shortcomings of both high cost and time-consuming.This paper presents a novel configuration of rotary electro-mechanical converter with negative feedback mechanism(REMC-NFM)in order to replace the feedback mechanism of spiral groove and thus reduce cost of valve manufacturing.In order to rapidly and quantitative evaluate the driving and feedback performance of the REMC-NFM,an analytical model taking leakage flux,edge effect and permeability nonlinearity into account is formulated based on the equivalent magnetic circuit approach.Then the model is properly simplified in order to obtain the optimal pitch angle.FEM simulation is used to study the influence of crucial parameters on the performance of REMC-NFM.A prototype of REMC-NFM is designed and machined,and an exclusive experimental platform is built.The torque-angle characteristics,torque-displacement characteristics,and magnetic flux density in the working air gap with different excitation currents are measured.The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical and FEM simulated results,which verifies the correctness of the analytical model.For torque-angle characteristics,the overall torque increases with both current and rotation angle,which reaches about 0.48 N·m with 1.5 A and 1.5°.While for torque-displacement characteristics,the overall torque increases with current yet decrease with armature displacement due to the negative feedback mechanism,which is about 0.16 N·m with 1.5 A and 0.8 mm.Besides,experimental results of conventional torque motor are compared with counterparts of REMC-NFM in order to validate the simplified model.The research indicates that the REMC-NFM can be potentially used as the electro-mechanical converter for 2D valves in civil servo areas.展开更多
Background: Host genetic background and sex, play central roles in defining the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes(T2 D), obesity and infectious diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated the utilization of genetically ...Background: Host genetic background and sex, play central roles in defining the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes(T2 D), obesity and infectious diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated the utilization of genetically highly diverse inbred mouse lines, namely collaborative cross(CC), for dissecting host susceptibility for the development of T2 D and obesity, showing significant variations following high-fat(42% fat) diet(HFD). Here, we aimed to assessing the host genetic background and sex effects on T2 D and obesity development in response to oral-mixed bacterial infection and HFD using the CC lines.Materials and Methods: Study cohort consists of 97 mice from 2 CC lines(both sexes), maintained on either HFD or Standard diet(CHD) for 12 weeks. At week 5 a group of mice from each diet were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) bacteria(control groups without infection). Body weight(BW) and glucose tolerance ability were assessed at the end time point of the experiment.Results: The CC lines varied(P <.05) at their BW gain and glucose tolerance ability(with sex effect) in response to diets and/or infection, showing opposite responses despite sharing the same environmental conditions. The combination of diet and infection enhances BW accumulation for IL1912, while restraints it for IL72. As for glucose tolerance ability, only females(both lines) were deteriorated in response to infection.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the power of the CC mouse population for the characterization of host genetic makeup for defining the susceptibility of the individual to development of obesity and/or impaired glucose tolerance.展开更多
We highlighted the flexibility of using unstructured mesh together with the local refinement by a resistivity model with complicated topography. The effect of topography is emphasized. Based on this, we calculated a s...We highlighted the flexibility of using unstructured mesh together with the local refinement by a resistivity model with complicated topography. The effect of topography is emphasized. Based on this, we calculated a specific class of layered models and found that the accuracy is not always satisfactory by utilizing the standard approach. As an improvement, we employed the layered earth as the reference model to calculate the wavenumbers. The comparison demonstrates that the accuracy is considerably improved by using this enhanced approach.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:Ningdong granule is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of Tourette's syndrome.METHODS:Sixty-four rats were randomly assigned to a control group and three experimental groups,res...OBJECTIVE:Ningdong granule is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of Tourette's syndrome.METHODS:Sixty-four rats were randomly assigned to a control group and three experimental groups,respectively.Rat models of Tourette's syndrome were established via intraperitoneal injection of apomorphine(Apo).The rats in the experimental groups were subsequently intragastrically injected with haloperidol at 10 mg/kg(haloperidol group),Ningdong granule at 370 mg/kg(NDG group),and normal saline(0.9%) at 10 mL/kg(Apo group),respectively.Rat behaviors were observed and recorded on a daily basis.After 12 w,all rats were sacrificed,and sera and striatal tissues were harvested.Homovanillic acid levels in sera,as well as dopamine and dopamine D2 receptor mRNA expression in the striatum,were measured to determine possible mechanisms of Ningdong granule on the dopamine system in a rat model of Tourette's syndrome.RESULTS:Following intervention,stereotype actions of the Tourette's syndrome rats were significantly inhibited in the haloperidol and NDG groups,respectively(P<0.01).Homovanillic levels were significantly greater in the haloperidol and NDG groups,respectively(P<0.05).In addition,dopamine levels were significantly less in the NDG group(P<0.01),and DRD2 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in the haloperidol and NDG groups,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Results demonstrated that Ningdong granule effectively inhibited stereotype actions and Tourette's syndrome symptoms by promoting dopamine metabolism,reducing dopamine levels in the striatum,increasing homovanillic acid content in sera,and reducing mRNA expression of DRD2 in the striatum.展开更多
The design problem of the state filter for the generalized stochastic 2-D Roesser models, which appears when both the state and measurement are simultaneously subjected to the interference from white noise, is discuss...The design problem of the state filter for the generalized stochastic 2-D Roesser models, which appears when both the state and measurement are simultaneously subjected to the interference from white noise, is discussed. The well-known Kalman filter design is extended to the generalized 2-D Roesser models. Based on the method of “scanning line by line”,the filtering problem of generalized 2-D Roesser models with mode-energy reconstruction is solved. The formula of the optimal filtering, which minimizes the variance of the estimation error of the state vectors, is derived. The validity of the designed filter is verified by the calculation steps and the examples are introduced.展开更多
Commercial grade weakly basic resin D301 was impregnated with iron through a simple method using ferric chloride. Experiments for single, bisolute and trinary competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the...Commercial grade weakly basic resin D301 was impregnated with iron through a simple method using ferric chloride. Experiments for single, bisolute and trinary competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA), sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid from their solution at 298 K onto the novel hybrid iron impregnated D301(Fe-D301). Adsorption affinity of NSA on Fe-D301 was found to be much higher than that of sulfuric acid, while adsorption affinity of sulfuric acid was slightly higher than that of sulfurous acid. The data of single-solute adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich adsorption model. The non-ideal competitive adsorbed model coupled with the single-solute adsorption models were used to predict the bisolute and trinary-solute competitive adsorption equilibria. The NICM coupled with the Langmuir model yields the favorable representation of the bisolute and trinary-solute competitive adsorption behavior.展开更多
Characterized by special morphologic,geographic,hydrologic,and societal behaviors,the water resources management of the Mediterranean catchment often shows a higher level of complexity including security issues of wat...Characterized by special morphologic,geographic,hydrologic,and societal behaviors,the water resources management of the Mediterranean catchment often shows a higher level of complexity including security issues of water supply,inundation risks,and environment management under the perspective of climate change.To have a comprehensive understanding of the Mediterranean water-cycle system,a deterministic distributed hydrologic modeling approach has been developed and presented in this study based on an application in the Var catchment(2800 km^(2))located at the French Mediterranean region.A 1D and 2D coupled model of MIKE SHE and MIKE 11 has been set up under a series of hypotheses to represent the whole hydrologic and hydrodynamic processes including rainfall-runoff,snow-melting,channel flow,overland flow,and the water exchange between land surface and unsaturated/saturated zones.The developed model was first calibrated with 4 years daily records from 2008 to 2011,then to be validated and further run within hourly time interval to produce detailed representation of the catchment water-cycle from 2012 to 2014.The deterministic distributed modeling approach presented in this study is able to represent its complicated water-cycle and used for supporting the decision‐making process of the water resources management of the catchment.展开更多
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11572086)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+2 种基金the Scientific Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province College of China(No.KYLX16_0185)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University of China(No.YBJJ1760)the China Scholarship Council of China(No.201706090076)。
文摘To consider fiber random distribution at the microscale for the multiscale model based on the micro-mechanics failure(MMF)theory,clustering method is used for the extraction of amplification factors.As the clustering method is a kind of unsupervised machine learning method,the elements with similar mechanical behavior under external loading can be included in a cluster automatically at the microscale.With this modification,the fiber random distribution model can be used for multiscale damage analysis in the framework of MMF theory.To validate the modified multiscale analysis method,progressive damage analysis of a kind of 2D twill woven composites is conducted based on different microscale models.The stress values for microscale models with fiber hexagonal and random distribution patterns are compared first.Much higher stress concentration is generated in the fiber random distribution model due to the smaller inter-fiber distance especially under longitudinal shear loading.The obtained cluster distribution results exhibit the characters of the stress distribution in the two microscale models.Thereafter,tensile and compressive responses of the 2D twill woven composite are predicted with the modified multiscale analysis method and accuracy of the method is verified through comparison with published experimental results.From the simulation results,it can be found that the matrix damage initiation from the model based on the fiber random distribution model is premature compared with that from the model based on the fiber hexagonal distribution model.Besides,under tensile loading,the damage all initiates from the fill tows and propagates to the wrap tows.However,under compressive loading,the matrix damage initiates from the wrap tows in the model based on the fiber random distribution model.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11172217 and 11432015)National Key Basic Research and Development Program (i.e., 973 Program) of China (Grant No. 2007CB714106)
文摘One of the largest known megafloods on earth resulted from a glacier dam-break,which occurred during the Late Quaternary in the Altai Mountains in Southern Siberia.Computational modeling is one of the viable approaches to enhancing the understanding of the flood events.The computational domain of this flood is over 9460 km2 and about 3.784 × 106 cells are involved as a 50 m × 50 m mesh is used,which necessitates a computationally efficient model.Here the Open MP(Open Multiprocessing) technique is adopted to parallelize the code of a coupled 2D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model.It is shown that the computational efficiency is enhanced by over 80% due to the parallelization.The floods over both fixed and mobile beds are well reproduced with specified discharge hydrographs at the dam site.Qualitatively,backwater effects during the flood are resolved at the bifurcation between the Chuja and Katun rivers.Quantitatively,the computed maximum stage and thalweg are physically consistent with the field data of the bars and deposits.The effects of sediment transport and morphological evolution on the flood are considerable.Sensitivity analyses indicate that the impact of the peak discharge is significant,whilst those of the Manningroughness,medium sediment size and shape of the inlet discharge hydrograph are marginal.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Startup Foundation of Xinjiang University(No.620312377)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2016ZX05053-013)
文摘The formation heterogeneity is considered as one of the major factors limiting the application of foam flooding.In this paper,influences of formation properties,such as permeability,permeability distribution,interlayer,sedimentary rhythm and 3D heterogeneity,on the mobility control capability and oil displacement efficiency of foam flooding,were systematically investigated using 2D homogeneous and 2D/3D heterogeneous models under 120°C and salinity of 20×10~4 mg/L.The flow resistance of foam was promoted as the permeability increased,which thus resulted in a considerable oil recovery behavior.In the scenario of the vertical heterogeneous formations,it was observed that the permeability of the high-permeable layer was crucial to foam mobility control,and the positive rhythm appeared favorable to improve the foam flooding performance.The additional oil recovery increased to about 40%.The interlayer was favorable for the increases in mobility reduction factor and oil recovery of foam flooding when the low permeability ratio was involved.For the 3D heterogeneous formations,foam could efficiently adjust the areal and vertical heterogeneity through mobility control and gravity segregation,and thus enhancing the oil recovery to 11%–14%.The results derived from this work may provide some insight for the field test designs of foam flooding.
文摘Crowdsourced data can effectively observe environmental and urban ecosystem processes.The use of data produced by untrained people into flood forecasting models may effectively allow Early Warning Systems(EWS)to better perform while support decision-making to reduce the fatalities and economic losses due to inundation hazard.In this work,we develop a Data Assimilation(DA)method integrating Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI)and a 2D hydraulic model and we test its performances.The proposed framework seeks to extend the capabilities and performances of standard DA works,based on the use of traditional in situ sensors,by assimilating VGI while managing and taking into account the uncertainties related to the quality,and the location and timing of the entire set of observational data.The November 2012 flood in the Italian Tiber River basin was selected as the case study.Results show improvements of the model in terms of uncertainty with a significant persistence of the model updating after the integration of the VGI,even in the case of use of few-selected observations gathered from social media.This will encourage further research in the use of VGI for EWS considering the exponential increase of quality and quantity of smartphone and social media user worldwide.
基金financially supported by Department of Space,India(Grant No.ISRO/RES/4/663/18-19)。
文摘Debris flows are rapid mass movements with a mixture of rock,soil and water.High-intensity rainfall events have triggered multiple debris flows around the globe,making it an important concern from the disaster management perspective.This study presents a numerical model called debris flow simulation 2D(DFS 2D)and applicability of the proposed model is investigated through the values of the model parameters used for the reproduction of an occurred debris flow at Yindongzi gully in China on 13 August 2010.The model can be used to simulate debris flows using three different rheologies and has a userfriendly interface for providing the inputs.Using DFS 2D,flow parameters can be estimated with respect to space and time.The values of the flow resistance parameters of model,dry-Coulomb and turbulent friction,were calibrated through the back analysis and the values obtained are 0.1 and 1000 m/s^(2),respectively.Two new methods of calibration are proposed in this study,considering the crosssectional area of flow and topographical changes induced by the debris flow.The proposed methods of calibration provide an effective solution to the cumulative errors induced by coarse-resolution digital elevation models(DEMs)in numerical modelling of debris flows.The statistical indices such as Willmott's index of agreement,mean-absolute-error,and normalized-root-mean-square-error of the calibrated model are 0.5,1.02 and 1.44,respectively.The comparison between simulated and observed values of topographic changes indicates that DFS 2D provides satisfactory results and can be used for dynamic modelling of debris flows.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51975524,51405443)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2005200).
文摘The manufacturing of spiral groove structure of two-dimensional valve(2D valve)feedback mechanism has shortcomings of both high cost and time-consuming.This paper presents a novel configuration of rotary electro-mechanical converter with negative feedback mechanism(REMC-NFM)in order to replace the feedback mechanism of spiral groove and thus reduce cost of valve manufacturing.In order to rapidly and quantitative evaluate the driving and feedback performance of the REMC-NFM,an analytical model taking leakage flux,edge effect and permeability nonlinearity into account is formulated based on the equivalent magnetic circuit approach.Then the model is properly simplified in order to obtain the optimal pitch angle.FEM simulation is used to study the influence of crucial parameters on the performance of REMC-NFM.A prototype of REMC-NFM is designed and machined,and an exclusive experimental platform is built.The torque-angle characteristics,torque-displacement characteristics,and magnetic flux density in the working air gap with different excitation currents are measured.The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical and FEM simulated results,which verifies the correctness of the analytical model.For torque-angle characteristics,the overall torque increases with both current and rotation angle,which reaches about 0.48 N·m with 1.5 A and 1.5°.While for torque-displacement characteristics,the overall torque increases with current yet decrease with armature displacement due to the negative feedback mechanism,which is about 0.16 N·m with 1.5 A and 0.8 mm.Besides,experimental results of conventional torque motor are compared with counterparts of REMC-NFM in order to validate the simplified model.The research indicates that the REMC-NFM can be potentially used as the electro-mechanical converter for 2D valves in civil servo areas.
基金Israeli Science Foundation (ISF),Grant/Award Number 1085/18German Israeli Science Foundation (GIF),Grant/Award Number I-63-410.20-2017+1 种基金Binational Science Foundation (BSF),Grant/Award Number 2015077Tel-Aviv University
文摘Background: Host genetic background and sex, play central roles in defining the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes(T2 D), obesity and infectious diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated the utilization of genetically highly diverse inbred mouse lines, namely collaborative cross(CC), for dissecting host susceptibility for the development of T2 D and obesity, showing significant variations following high-fat(42% fat) diet(HFD). Here, we aimed to assessing the host genetic background and sex effects on T2 D and obesity development in response to oral-mixed bacterial infection and HFD using the CC lines.Materials and Methods: Study cohort consists of 97 mice from 2 CC lines(both sexes), maintained on either HFD or Standard diet(CHD) for 12 weeks. At week 5 a group of mice from each diet were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) bacteria(control groups without infection). Body weight(BW) and glucose tolerance ability were assessed at the end time point of the experiment.Results: The CC lines varied(P <.05) at their BW gain and glucose tolerance ability(with sex effect) in response to diets and/or infection, showing opposite responses despite sharing the same environmental conditions. The combination of diet and infection enhances BW accumulation for IL1912, while restraints it for IL72. As for glucose tolerance ability, only females(both lines) were deteriorated in response to infection.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the power of the CC mouse population for the characterization of host genetic makeup for defining the susceptibility of the individual to development of obesity and/or impaired glucose tolerance.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2007AA06Z134)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40874072)
文摘We highlighted the flexibility of using unstructured mesh together with the local refinement by a resistivity model with complicated topography. The effect of topography is emphasized. Based on this, we calculated a specific class of layered models and found that the accuracy is not always satisfactory by utilizing the standard approach. As an improvement, we employed the layered earth as the reference model to calculate the wavenumbers. The comparison demonstrates that the accuracy is considerably improved by using this enhanced approach.
基金supported by a grant from Binzhou Medical University (NO. BY2010KYQD13)
文摘OBJECTIVE:Ningdong granule is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of Tourette's syndrome.METHODS:Sixty-four rats were randomly assigned to a control group and three experimental groups,respectively.Rat models of Tourette's syndrome were established via intraperitoneal injection of apomorphine(Apo).The rats in the experimental groups were subsequently intragastrically injected with haloperidol at 10 mg/kg(haloperidol group),Ningdong granule at 370 mg/kg(NDG group),and normal saline(0.9%) at 10 mL/kg(Apo group),respectively.Rat behaviors were observed and recorded on a daily basis.After 12 w,all rats were sacrificed,and sera and striatal tissues were harvested.Homovanillic acid levels in sera,as well as dopamine and dopamine D2 receptor mRNA expression in the striatum,were measured to determine possible mechanisms of Ningdong granule on the dopamine system in a rat model of Tourette's syndrome.RESULTS:Following intervention,stereotype actions of the Tourette's syndrome rats were significantly inhibited in the haloperidol and NDG groups,respectively(P<0.01).Homovanillic levels were significantly greater in the haloperidol and NDG groups,respectively(P<0.05).In addition,dopamine levels were significantly less in the NDG group(P<0.01),and DRD2 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in the haloperidol and NDG groups,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Results demonstrated that Ningdong granule effectively inhibited stereotype actions and Tourette's syndrome symptoms by promoting dopamine metabolism,reducing dopamine levels in the striatum,increasing homovanillic acid content in sera,and reducing mRNA expression of DRD2 in the striatum.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China Under Grants (60474078 ,60304001 ,60574015)
文摘The design problem of the state filter for the generalized stochastic 2-D Roesser models, which appears when both the state and measurement are simultaneously subjected to the interference from white noise, is discussed. The well-known Kalman filter design is extended to the generalized 2-D Roesser models. Based on the method of “scanning line by line”,the filtering problem of generalized 2-D Roesser models with mode-energy reconstruction is solved. The formula of the optimal filtering, which minimizes the variance of the estimation error of the state vectors, is derived. The validity of the designed filter is verified by the calculation steps and the examples are introduced.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21276027)the Higher Educational Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province,China(No.J14LC05)
文摘Commercial grade weakly basic resin D301 was impregnated with iron through a simple method using ferric chloride. Experiments for single, bisolute and trinary competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA), sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid from their solution at 298 K onto the novel hybrid iron impregnated D301(Fe-D301). Adsorption affinity of NSA on Fe-D301 was found to be much higher than that of sulfuric acid, while adsorption affinity of sulfuric acid was slightly higher than that of sulfurous acid. The data of single-solute adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich adsorption model. The non-ideal competitive adsorbed model coupled with the single-solute adsorption models were used to predict the bisolute and trinary-solute competitive adsorption equilibria. The NICM coupled with the Langmuir model yields the favorable representation of the bisolute and trinary-solute competitive adsorption behavior.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3006702)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(IS23117).
文摘Characterized by special morphologic,geographic,hydrologic,and societal behaviors,the water resources management of the Mediterranean catchment often shows a higher level of complexity including security issues of water supply,inundation risks,and environment management under the perspective of climate change.To have a comprehensive understanding of the Mediterranean water-cycle system,a deterministic distributed hydrologic modeling approach has been developed and presented in this study based on an application in the Var catchment(2800 km^(2))located at the French Mediterranean region.A 1D and 2D coupled model of MIKE SHE and MIKE 11 has been set up under a series of hypotheses to represent the whole hydrologic and hydrodynamic processes including rainfall-runoff,snow-melting,channel flow,overland flow,and the water exchange between land surface and unsaturated/saturated zones.The developed model was first calibrated with 4 years daily records from 2008 to 2011,then to be validated and further run within hourly time interval to produce detailed representation of the catchment water-cycle from 2012 to 2014.The deterministic distributed modeling approach presented in this study is able to represent its complicated water-cycle and used for supporting the decision‐making process of the water resources management of the catchment.
