In recent years, there has been global interest in meeting targets relating to energy affordability and security while taking into account greenhouse gas emissions. This has heightened major interest in potential inve...In recent years, there has been global interest in meeting targets relating to energy affordability and security while taking into account greenhouse gas emissions. This has heightened major interest in potential investigations into the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles. Climate change mitigation is the ultimate driver for this increased interest;other relevant issues include the potential for high cycle efficiency and a circular economy. In this study, a 25 MWe recompression closed Brayton cycle (RCBC) has been assessed, and sCO2 has been proposed as the working fluid for the power plant. The methodology used in this research work comprises thermodynamic and techno-economic analysis for the prospective commercialization of this sCO2 power cycle. An evaluated estimation of capital expenditure, operational expenditure, and cost of electricity has been considered in this study. The ASPEN Plus simulation results have been compared with theoretical and mathematical calculations to assess the performance of the compressors, turbine, and heat exchangers. The results thus reveal that the cycle efficiency for this prospective sCO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle increases (39% - 53.6%) as the temperature progressively increases from 550˚C to 900˚C. Data from the Aspen simulation model was used to aid the cost function calculations to estimate the total capital investment cost of the plant. Also, the techno-economic results have shown less cost for purchasing equipment due to fewer components being required for the cycle configuration as compared to the conventional steam power plant.展开更多
Multi-stage reverse electrodialysis(MSRED)offers a promising way for efficient salinity gradient energy harvesting.Here,an improved model of the MSRED system under serial control strategy is proposed.The technical–ec...Multi-stage reverse electrodialysis(MSRED)offers a promising way for efficient salinity gradient energy harvesting.Here,an improved model of the MSRED system under serial control strategy is proposed.The technical–economic analysis is conducted with considering discount,depreciation and different regional tax and electricity price lev-els under the maximum net power output conditions.Results reveal that net power output and energy efficiency both increase first with increasing stage numbers,reach their maximum values,and then decrease.For 5 M/0.05 M solutions,the optimal net power output of 4.98 kW is obtained at the stage number n=12.The optimal stage number corresponding to the maximum net power increases with increasing feed solution concentrations.Due to the com-promise between net power generation and capital cost,there exist optimal stage numbers leading to the lowest LCOE and largest NPV,respectively.Higher feed solution concentration can significantly decrease the system LCOE and increase the NPV.The optimal stage number corresponding to the maximum NPV increases with increasing feed solution concentrations.In Germany,for 5 M/0.05 M solutions,the lowest LCOE of 0.061€·kWh^(-1) is achieved at n=3 while the highest NPV over the system lifecycle of 52,005€is obtained at n=8.Lower tax,higher electricity price,appropriate membrane price and stage numbers,and high salinity gradient sources can significantly accelerate the commercial completeness of the MSRED systems.展开更多
This research examines the optimal combination of solar panel and battery capacity in hybrid systems in 11 cities on the island of Borneo,utilizing the region’s significant solar energy potential and high irradiation...This research examines the optimal combination of solar panel and battery capacity in hybrid systems in 11 cities on the island of Borneo,utilizing the region’s significant solar energy potential and high irradiation levels.This research analyses the optimal combination of solar panels and battery capacity in 11 cities in Kalimantan using particle swarm optimization(PSO)and grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithms to maximize energy output,reduce levelised energy costs,and maximally reduce carbon emissions.Results show Tara-kan as the most optimal location,generating 215,804.88 kWh for IDR 916.9/kWh and lowering emissions by 435,884.29 kgCO_(2)e,while Samarinda is the least optimal location.Economically,electricity tariffs of IDR 2,466.78/kWh and IDR 2,000/kWh generate a positive Net Present Value(NPV)with a payback period(PP)of 9-12 years,while a tariffof IDR 1,500/kWh is considered unfavorable.Thefindings demonstrate the effectiveness of PSO and GWO in optimizing the renewable energy system and confirm the project’sfinancial viability,with a positive NPV and reasonable PP.Implementing renewable energy systems in Kalimantan Island can improve energy effi-ciency and significantly reduce carbon emissions,supporting environmental sustainability goals.展开更多
Recently,the plasma-driven air oxidation coupled with electrocatalytic NO_(x)reduction reaction(pAO-eNO_(x)RR)technology for sustained NH_(3)synthesis displays the promise in tackling the high energy-consumption and c...Recently,the plasma-driven air oxidation coupled with electrocatalytic NO_(x)reduction reaction(pAO-eNO_(x)RR)technology for sustained NH_(3)synthesis displays the promise in tackling the high energy-consumption and carbon-emission associated with the Haber-Bosch process.Here,a technical and economic assessment of pAO-eNO_(x)RR technology is comprehensively undertaken to determine its feasibility as a potential substitute for the Haber-Bosch process.The technical assessment suggests that,in terms of both environmental impact and energy efficiency,N_(2)-NO-NH_(3)and N_(2)-NO_(2)^(-)-NH_(3)are presently the most effective pathways.The deep analysis of the current state-of-the-art technological performance indicates that the pAO-eNO_(x)RR technology is competitive with commercial processes in achieving large-scale NH_(3)synthesis.However,lower energy efficiency of pAO-eNO_(x)RR technology leads to high electricity costs that surpass the current market price of NH_(3).Subsequently,we conducted a comprehensive analysis which reveals that,for the economic viability of NH_(3)synthesis,an energy efficiency in the range of 33.8–38.6%must be attained.The expenses associated with plasma equipment,electrolyzer,catalysts,and NH_(3)distillation also contribute significantly to the economic burden.The further development of pAO-eNO_(x)RR technology should be centered around advancements in plasma catalysts,electrocatalysts,reactors,as well as the exploration for energy-efficient cathode-anode synergistic catalytic systems.展开更多
Around the world,there has been a notable shift toward the use of renewable energy technology due to the growing demand for energy and the ongoing depletion of conventional resources,such as fossil fuels.Following thi...Around the world,there has been a notable shift toward the use of renewable energy technology due to the growing demand for energy and the ongoing depletion of conventional resources,such as fossil fuels.Following this worldwide trend,Brunei’s government has initiated several strategic programs aimed at encouraging the establishment of energy from renewable sources in the nation’s energy mix.These initiatives are designed not only to support environmental sustainability but also to make energy from renewable sources increasingly competitive in comparison to more conventional energy sources like gas and oil,which have historically dominated Brunei’s energy market.The optimization of a hybrid energy system that combines diesel generators,solar photovoltaic(PV)panels,and the national power grid is the focus of this study.The objective is to identify the most cost-effective and environmentally sustainable configuration that can reliably meet local energy demands.During optimization,several configuration was tried and tested,including only grid,PV and Grid and PV-generator.HOMER(Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources)software,a popular simulation tool that makes it possible to simulate and analyze hybrid energy systems,is utilized in the optimization process.Inside the HOMER Pro optimization,various system configuration is taken into account for the optimization.While simulating,it takes into account different combinations of components such as solar panels,wind turbines and batteries.Later on,it is being ranked by different factors such as net present cost(NPC),Cost of Energy(COE),etc.A comprehensive techno-economic research is carried out to evaluate various system configurations,considering key performance indicators such as total energy generation cost,operational expenditure,and greenhouse gas emissions.The results provide valuable insights into how renewable-based hybrid systems can reduce environmental impact while maintaining economic viability,supporting Brunei’s broader goals of energy diversification and sustainability.The study also emphasizes how such hybrid systems could be scaled for off-grid and rural populations in Brunei,where a dependable electricity supply is still a problem.Furthermore,sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of variations in solar irradiation,load demand,and fuel prices on the overall system performance.Policymakers and energy planners can use these insights to help them make data-driven decisions about future investments in infrastructure for renewable energy.展开更多
Rechargeable batteries have changed human daily life from electronic devices and electric transport to renewable energy systems[1-3].Especially,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market since their first co...Rechargeable batteries have changed human daily life from electronic devices and electric transport to renewable energy systems[1-3].Especially,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market since their first commercialization in the 1990s,and the three pioneers(John B.Goodenough,M.Stanley Whittingham,and Akira Yoshino)in the historical development of LIBs were awarded the Novel Prize in chemistry in 2019[4].However,the imbalance between supply and demand during the past few years induced extremely huge fluctuations in lithium resources.The misgivings of lithium resources have promoted the quick development of potential alternative battery technologies.展开更多
Hydrogen(H_(2))is a promising renewable energy which finds wide applications as the world gears toward low-carbon economy.However,current H_(2) production via steam methane reforming of natural gas or gasification of ...Hydrogen(H_(2))is a promising renewable energy which finds wide applications as the world gears toward low-carbon economy.However,current H_(2) production via steam methane reforming of natural gas or gasification of coal are laden with high CO_(2) footprints.Recently,methane(CH_(4))pyrolysis has emerged as a potential technology to generate low-carbon H_(2) and solid carbon.In this review,the current state-of-art and recent progress of H_(2) production from CH_(4) pyrolysis are reviewed in detail.Aspects such as funda-mental mechanism and chemistry involved,effect of process parameters on the conversion efficiency and reaction kinetics for various reaction media and catalysts are elucidated and critically discussed.Temper-ature,among other factors,plays the most critical influence on the methane pyrolysis reaction.Molten metal/salt could lower the operating temperature of methane pyrolysis to<1000℃,whereas plasma technology usually operates in the regime of>1000℃.Based on the reaction kinetics,metal-based cata-lysts were more efficient in lowering the activation energy of the reaction to 29.5-88 kJ/mol from that of uncatalyzed reaction(147-420.7 kJ/mol).Besides,the current techno-economic performance of the pro-cess reveals that the levelized cost of H_(2) is directly influenced by the sales price of carbon(by-product)generated,which could offset the overall cost.Lastly,the main challenges of reactor design for efficient product separation and retrieval,as well as catalyst deactivation/poisoning need to be debottlenecked.展开更多
CO_(2)-based carbon-neutral organics production processes could potentially reshape the chemical industry.However,their feasibility and net carbon footprint rely strongly on the sources of H_(2).Herein,we present a co...CO_(2)-based carbon-neutral organics production processes could potentially reshape the chemical industry.However,their feasibility and net carbon footprint rely strongly on the sources of H_(2).Herein,we present a comprehensive comparative techno-economic analysis of CO_(2)-based methanol(CO_(2)TM)and aolefins(CO_(2)TO)manufacturing using various feedstock supply modes:(1)the standalone mode with external CO_(2)but H_(2)from on-site water electrolysis,(2)the integrated mode with both CO_(2)and H_(2)recovered from coal-chemical plants,and(3)the integrated mode with recycled CO_(2)but H_(2)from on-site water electrolysis.The integration of CO_(2)TM and CO_(2)TO into coal-to-olefins(CTO)and coal-to-methanol(CTM)facilities is currently cost-effective and can reduce net CO_(2)emissions by 65.7%and 68.5%,resulting in a three-fold and two-fold increase in carbon efficiency,respectively.As carbon tax policies and electrolysis technologies continue to evolve,standalone CO_(2)TM and CO_(2)TO are projected to become more economically competitive than CTO and CTM by 2035-2045.展开更多
Transition toward a sustainable,low-carbon energy future requires innovative,integrated solutions.Hybrid solar-hydrogen systems(HSHSs),which combine solar energy harvesting and hydrogen production,have excellent prose...Transition toward a sustainable,low-carbon energy future requires innovative,integrated solutions.Hybrid solar-hydrogen systems(HSHSs),which combine solar energy harvesting and hydrogen production,have excellent prosepects to address challenges related to renewable energy generation,storage,and usage.This article presents an overview of the research on the technical and economic feasibility of HSHSs,aimed at comprehensively articulating their current state,notable advancements,and future research directions.It begins by elucidating solar energy principles and conversion methods and emphasizing the potential of solar energy for hydrogen production.This study then explores the definitions,components,and synergistic integration of HSHSs.Optimized energy conversion and storage methods for efficient hydrogen production and storage are also highlighted.This study reviews the techniques employed for techno-economic evaluations over the last six years,addressing challenges such as the intermittency of solar energy and the efficiency of hydrogen production technologies.This review of the ongoing research provides helpful insights into the technological and economic feasibility of HSHSs.This underscores the necessity of continuous research and development efforts to overcome existing challenges and unlock their full potential.These systems can play a vital role in achieving a cleaner and more resilient energy future by optimizing the system performance,reducing costs,and fostering supportive policy frameworks.展开更多
Process algorithm, numerical model and techno-economic assessment of charge calculation and furnace bath optimization for target alloy for induction furnace-based steelmaking is presented in this study. The developed ...Process algorithm, numerical model and techno-economic assessment of charge calculation and furnace bath optimization for target alloy for induction furnace-based steelmaking is presented in this study. The developed algorithm combines the make-to-order (MTO) and charge optimization planning (COP) of the steel melting shop in the production of target steel composition. Using a system-level approach, the unit operations involved in the melting process were analyzed with the purpose of initial charge calculation, prevailing alloy charge prediction and optimizing the sequence of melt chemistry modification. The model performance was established using real-time production data from a cast iron-based foundry with a 1- and 2-ton induction furnace capacity and a medium carbon-based foundry with a 10- and 15-ton induction furnace capacity. A simulation engine (CastMELT) was developed in Java IDE with a MySQL database for continuous interaction with changing process parameters to run the model for validation. The comparison between the model prediction and production results was analyzed for charge prediction, melt modification and ferroalloy optimization and possible cost savings. The model performance for elemental charge prediction and calculation purpose with respect to the charge input (at overall scrap meltdown) gave R-squared, Standard Error, Pearson correlation and Significance value of (0.934, 0.06, 0.97, 0.0003) for Carbon prediction, (0.962, 0.06, 0.98, 0.00009) for Silicon prediction, (0.999, 0.048, 0.999, 9E -11) for Manganese Prediction, and (0.997, 0.076, 0.999, 6E -7) for Chromium prediction respectively. Correlation analysis for melt modification (after charging of ferroalloy) using the model for after-alloying spark analysis compared with the target chemistry is at 99.82%. The results validate the suitability of the developed model as a functional system of induction furnace melting for combined charge calculation and melt optimization Techno-economic evaluation results showed that 0.98% - 0.25% ferroalloy saving per ton of melt is possible using the model. This brings about an annual production cost savings of 100,000 $/y in foundry A (medium carbon steel) and 20,000 $/y in foundry B (cast iron) on the use of different ferroalloy materials.展开更多
The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative ...The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative to traditional photovoltaic technologies.However,their commercialization is constrained by significant stability challenges in outdoor environments.This review critically examines key cell-level issues affecting the long-term performance and reliability of PSCs,focusing on instabilities arising from the intrinsic phases of the perovskite absorber and external stress factors.Mitigation strategies to enhance stability are discussed,alongside recent advancements in charge transport layers,electrodes,and interfaces aimed at reducing environmental degradation and improving energy level alignment for efficient charge extraction.The importance of accelerated aging tests and the establishment of standardized protocols is underscored for accurately predicting device lifetimes and identifying failure mechanisms,thereby ensuring stability under real-world conditions.Furthermore,a comprehensive techno-economic analysis evaluates how advancements in materials and strategic innovations influence efficiency,durability,and cost,which are critical for the commercial adoption of PSCs.This review delineates the essential steps required to transition PSC technology from laboratory-scale research to widespread commercialization within the global photovoltaic industry.展开更多
Investigation of a triple-pressure organic Rankine cycle(TPORC) using geothermal energy for power generation with the net power output of the TPORC analyzed by varying the evaporation pressures, pinch temperature diff...Investigation of a triple-pressure organic Rankine cycle(TPORC) using geothermal energy for power generation with the net power output of the TPORC analyzed by varying the evaporation pressures, pinch temperature differences(tpp) and degrees of superheat(tsup) aimed to find the optimum operation conditions of the system. The thermodynamic performance of the TPORC was compared with a dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle(DPORC) and a single-pressure ORC(SPORC) for geofluid temperatures ranging from 100°C to 200°C, with particular reference to the utilization of a hot dry rock(HDR) geothermal resource. Thermodynamic performances of the TPORC system using eight different organic working fluids have also been investigated in terms of the net power outputs. Results show that a higher geofluid mass flow rate can make a considerable contribution to shortening the payback period(PBP) as well as to decreasing the levelized electricity cost(LEC), especially when the geofluid temperature is low. For the temperature range investigated, the order from high to low based on thermodynamic and techno-economic performances is found to be TPORC > DPORC > SPORC. In terms of using geothermal resources within the given temperatures range(100°C–200°C), the TPORC system can be a better choice for geothermal power generation so long as the wellhead geofluid temperature is between 140°C and 180°C.展开更多
N-methyl-pyrrolidone(NMP)is an important solvent for the production of lithium batteries,which causes environmental pollution and wastes resources if it is directly discharged.The current commonly used vacuum distilla...N-methyl-pyrrolidone(NMP)is an important solvent for the production of lithium batteries,which causes environmental pollution and wastes resources if it is directly discharged.The current commonly used vacuum distillation recovery process suffers from high operating costs and high energy consumption.Therefore,this paper proposes a coupled pervaporation-adsorption(PV-A)process to recover NMP solvents from lithium battery production waste streams.In this process,pervaporation is used to dewater the NMP waste liquid,it was found that the water content in the raw material liquid decreased from the initial 8.3%(mass)to 0.14%(mass)after 400 min of dewatering,but the membrane separation performance decreased significantly when the water content of the raw material liquid decreased to 0.45%(mass),and at the same time,the NMP loss rate increased rapidly.An adsorption process was used to remove trace water from the remaining liquid,and the water content in the feed liquid under the optimal adsorption process conditions was reduced from 0.45%(mass)to 0.014%,which fully meets the purity requirements of electronics-grade NMP for the production of lithium batteries.Steady-state modeling and techno-economic evaluation of the proposed coupled process were carried out,and compared with vacuum distillation and pervaporation technologies,the results showed the PV-A process yielded the best techno-economic performance and the lowest environmental impact,and it can be used as an alternative process to the traditional NMP recycling technology.This study provides a new method for the recycling of NMP in the lithium battery industry.展开更多
Lithium iron phosphate(LFP)has found many applications in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.However,the increasing volume of end-of-life LFP batteries poses an urgent challenge in terms of envi...Lithium iron phosphate(LFP)has found many applications in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.However,the increasing volume of end-of-life LFP batteries poses an urgent challenge in terms of environmental sustainability and resource management.Therefore,the development and implementation of efficient LFP battery recycling methods are crucial to address these challenges.This article presents a novel,comprehensive evaluation framework for comparing different lithium iron phosphate relithiation techniques.The framework includes three main sets of criteria:direct production cost,electrochemical performance,and environmental impact.Each criterion is scored on a scale of 0–100,with higher scores indicating better performance.The direct production cost is rated based on material costs,energy consumption,key equipment costs,process duration and space requirements.Electrochemical performance is assessed by rate capability and cycle stability.Environmental impact is assessed based on CO_(2)emissions.The framework provides a standardized technique for researchers and industry professionals to objectively compare relithiation methods,facilitating the identification of the most promising approaches for further development and scale-up.The total average score across the three criterion groups for electrochemical,chemical,and hydrothermal relithiation methods was approximately 60 points,while sintering scored 39 points,making it the least attractive relithiation technique.Combining approaches outlined in publications with scores exceeding 60,a relithiation scheme was proposed to achieve optimal electrochemical performance with minimal resource consumption and environmental impact.The results demonstrate the framework’s applicability and highlight areas for future research and optimization in lithium iron phosphate cathode recycling.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc(Zn)-metal batteries hold great promise for next-generation energy storage systems.However,their practical application is hindered by several challenges,including dendrite formation,corrosion,...Rechargeable aqueous zinc(Zn)-metal batteries hold great promise for next-generation energy storage systems.However,their practical application is hindered by several challenges,including dendrite formation,corrosion,and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.To address these issues,we designed and fabricated a composite protective layer for Zn anodes by integrating carbon nanotubes(CNTs)with chitosan through a simple and scalable scraping process.The CNTs ensure uniform electric field distribution due to their high electrical conductivity,while protonated chitosan regulates ion transport and suppresses dendrite formation at the anode interface.The chitosan/CNTs composite layer also facilitates smooth Zn^(2+)deposition,enhancing the stability and reversibility of the Zn anode.As a result,the chitosan/CNTs@Zn anode demonstrates exceptional cycling stability,achieving over 3000 h of plating/stripping with minimal degradation.When paired with a V_(2)O_(5)cathode,the composite-protected anode significantly improves the cycle stability and energy density of the full cell.Techno-economic analysis confirms that batteries incorporating the chitosan/CNTs protective layer outperform those with bare Zn anodes in terms of energy density and overall performance under optimized conditions.This work provides a scalable and sustainable strategy to overcome the critical challenges of aqueous Zn-metal batteries,paving the way for their practical application in next-generation energy storage systems.展开更多
Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO_(2)emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO_(2)usi...Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO_(2)emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO_(2)using alkaline solutions with reactive absorption.In this work,we present a CO_(2)-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm^(2)electrode area.Our electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended periods.The techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.展开更多
As part of the effort to achieve net zero,hydrogen will become significantly used in transportation and energy generation by 2050.Hydrogen is fit for long-haul vehicles because of the short refueling time and long ran...As part of the effort to achieve net zero,hydrogen will become significantly used in transportation and energy generation by 2050.Hydrogen is fit for long-haul vehicles because of the short refueling time and long range of using hydrogen as onboard storage instead of batteries.Meanwhile,hydrogen can also be used for long-time grid energy storage because of the low material cost and low self-discharge.By using fuel cell electric vehicles(FCEVs)for energy generation,the fuel cells(FCs)in idle FCEVs can be connected to the grid(FCEV2G)and supply electricity to the grid by consuming hydrogen stored in a station.In this way,the hydrogen usage in the transportation and energy storage sectors can be synergically integrated.A mixed integer linear programming(MILP)model is established to simulate and evaluate the economic and environmental potential of the operation of a FCEV2G station.The station's profit and carbon emission reduction potential depend on the traffic and electricity profiles.It is estimated that a net profit of 233,976 USD can be generated and simultaneously 210 tonnes carbon emissions can be reduced,using the historic traffic and electricity data of Alberta.Furthermore,considering the Canadian carbon tax in the optimization increases the net profit and carbon reduction to 246,704 USD and 377 tonnes,respectively.Meanwhile,using electricity data with lower carbon intensity and less fluctuation,e.g.,that in Ontario,significant technological improvements are needed to make the FCEV2G station operation economically viable.These results demonstrate the potential of FCEV2G in generating monetary incentives and environmental benefits by integrating the transportation and energy storage sectors.展开更多
In this study,we analyzed the untapped energy potential of remote mountainous regions in eastern Morocco,thereby addressing the research gap on sustainable electrification in such areas.We proposed a hybrid energy sys...In this study,we analyzed the untapped energy potential of remote mountainous regions in eastern Morocco,thereby addressing the research gap on sustainable electrification in such areas.We proposed a hybrid energy system corresponding to the local conditions and integrated the solar,wind,and biomass energy using batteries and green hydrogen as storage systems,considering the grid as a backup.Simulations conducted using HOMER Pro indicate an annual energy output of 5.6 GWh from solar,6.9 GWh from wind,and 1 GWh from biomass,thereby ensuring 100%renewable self-sufficiency.The system is highly cost-effective and achieves a levelized cost of energy of 0.024$/kWh while significantly reducing the greenhouse gas emissions by over 99%for CO_(2) and 100%for SO_(2).This study presents a sustainable,reliable,and economically viable solution for rural electrification,which concurs with SDG 7.展开更多
Coal is a versatile energy resource and was a driver of the industrial revolution that transformed the economies of Europe and North America and the trajectory of civilization.In this work,a technoeconomic analysis wa...Coal is a versatile energy resource and was a driver of the industrial revolution that transformed the economies of Europe and North America and the trajectory of civilization.In this work,a technoeconomic analysis was performed for a coal-to-carbonfiber manufacture process developed at the University of Kentucky’s Center for Applied Energy Research.According to this process,coal,with decant oil as the solvent,was converted to mesophase pitch via solvent extraction,and the mesophase pitch was subsequently converted to carbon fiber.The total cost to produce carbon fibers from coal and decant oil via the solvent extraction process was estimated to be$11.50/kg for 50,000-tow pitch carbon fiber with a production volume of 3750 MT/year.The estimated carbon fiber cost was significantly lower than the current commercially available PAN-based carbon fiber price($20–$30/kg).With decant oil recycling rates of 50%and 70%in the solvent extraction process,the manufacturing cost of carbon fiber was estimated to be$9.90/kg and$9.50/kg of carbon fiber,respectively.A cradle-to-gate energy assessment revealed that carbon fiber derived from coal exhibited an embodied energy of 510 MJ/kg,significantly lower than that of conventionally produced carbon fiber from PAN.This notable difference is primarily attributed to the substantially higher conversion rate of coal-based mesophase pitch fibers into carbon fiber,surpassing PAN fibers by 1.6 times.These findings indicate that using coal for carbon fiber production through solvent extraction methods could offer a more energy-efficient and cost-competitive alternative to the traditional PAN based approach.展开更多
Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is widely recognized as a technological system capable of achieving large-scale carbon dioxide emission reductions.However,its high costs and potential risks have limited it...Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is widely recognized as a technological system capable of achieving large-scale carbon dioxide emission reductions.However,its high costs and potential risks have limited its large-scale implementation.This study focuses on enhancing the economic viability of traditional CCUS by proposing a novel technological concept and system that integrates CCUS with water extraction,geothermal energy harvesting,hydrogen production,and energy storage.The system comprises three interconnected modules:(1)upstream CO_(2)-enhanced water recovery(CO_(2)-EWR),(2)midstream green hydrogen synthesis,and(3)downstream energy utilization.Through detailed explanations of the fundamental concept and related technological systems,its feasibility is demonstrated.Preliminary estimates indicate that under current conditions,the system lacks economic advantages.However,significant reductions in hydrogen production costs could enable the system to yield a profit of nearly 1000 Chinese Yuan(approximately 145 US dollars)per ton of CO_(2)in the future.Following an in-depth investigation,priority implementation in China's Tarim Basin and Ordos Basin is recommended.This technological system could significantly extend the industrial chain of traditional CCUS projects,promising additional social and ecnomic benefits.Furthermore,the involved gas-water displacement technology can help manage formation pressure and reduce leakage risks in large-scale carbon storage projects.展开更多
文摘In recent years, there has been global interest in meeting targets relating to energy affordability and security while taking into account greenhouse gas emissions. This has heightened major interest in potential investigations into the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles. Climate change mitigation is the ultimate driver for this increased interest;other relevant issues include the potential for high cycle efficiency and a circular economy. In this study, a 25 MWe recompression closed Brayton cycle (RCBC) has been assessed, and sCO2 has been proposed as the working fluid for the power plant. The methodology used in this research work comprises thermodynamic and techno-economic analysis for the prospective commercialization of this sCO2 power cycle. An evaluated estimation of capital expenditure, operational expenditure, and cost of electricity has been considered in this study. The ASPEN Plus simulation results have been compared with theoretical and mathematical calculations to assess the performance of the compressors, turbine, and heat exchangers. The results thus reveal that the cycle efficiency for this prospective sCO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle increases (39% - 53.6%) as the temperature progressively increases from 550˚C to 900˚C. Data from the Aspen simulation model was used to aid the cost function calculations to estimate the total capital investment cost of the plant. Also, the techno-economic results have shown less cost for purchasing equipment due to fewer components being required for the cycle configuration as compared to the conventional steam power plant.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52176070).
文摘Multi-stage reverse electrodialysis(MSRED)offers a promising way for efficient salinity gradient energy harvesting.Here,an improved model of the MSRED system under serial control strategy is proposed.The technical–economic analysis is conducted with considering discount,depreciation and different regional tax and electricity price lev-els under the maximum net power output conditions.Results reveal that net power output and energy efficiency both increase first with increasing stage numbers,reach their maximum values,and then decrease.For 5 M/0.05 M solutions,the optimal net power output of 4.98 kW is obtained at the stage number n=12.The optimal stage number corresponding to the maximum net power increases with increasing feed solution concentrations.Due to the com-promise between net power generation and capital cost,there exist optimal stage numbers leading to the lowest LCOE and largest NPV,respectively.Higher feed solution concentration can significantly decrease the system LCOE and increase the NPV.The optimal stage number corresponding to the maximum NPV increases with increasing feed solution concentrations.In Germany,for 5 M/0.05 M solutions,the lowest LCOE of 0.061€·kWh^(-1) is achieved at n=3 while the highest NPV over the system lifecycle of 52,005€is obtained at n=8.Lower tax,higher electricity price,appropriate membrane price and stage numbers,and high salinity gradient sources can significantly accelerate the commercial completeness of the MSRED systems.
基金supported by non-APBN UM 2024,Indonesia,with contract number 5.4.111/UN32.14.1/LT/2024.
文摘This research examines the optimal combination of solar panel and battery capacity in hybrid systems in 11 cities on the island of Borneo,utilizing the region’s significant solar energy potential and high irradiation levels.This research analyses the optimal combination of solar panels and battery capacity in 11 cities in Kalimantan using particle swarm optimization(PSO)and grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithms to maximize energy output,reduce levelised energy costs,and maximally reduce carbon emissions.Results show Tara-kan as the most optimal location,generating 215,804.88 kWh for IDR 916.9/kWh and lowering emissions by 435,884.29 kgCO_(2)e,while Samarinda is the least optimal location.Economically,electricity tariffs of IDR 2,466.78/kWh and IDR 2,000/kWh generate a positive Net Present Value(NPV)with a payback period(PP)of 9-12 years,while a tariffof IDR 1,500/kWh is considered unfavorable.Thefindings demonstrate the effectiveness of PSO and GWO in optimizing the renewable energy system and confirm the project’sfinancial viability,with a positive NPV and reasonable PP.Implementing renewable energy systems in Kalimantan Island can improve energy effi-ciency and significantly reduce carbon emissions,supporting environmental sustainability goals.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project of China(Grant No.2020YFA0710000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22225606,22176029)Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province(2025NSFTD0003,2024YFHZ0222).
文摘Recently,the plasma-driven air oxidation coupled with electrocatalytic NO_(x)reduction reaction(pAO-eNO_(x)RR)technology for sustained NH_(3)synthesis displays the promise in tackling the high energy-consumption and carbon-emission associated with the Haber-Bosch process.Here,a technical and economic assessment of pAO-eNO_(x)RR technology is comprehensively undertaken to determine its feasibility as a potential substitute for the Haber-Bosch process.The technical assessment suggests that,in terms of both environmental impact and energy efficiency,N_(2)-NO-NH_(3)and N_(2)-NO_(2)^(-)-NH_(3)are presently the most effective pathways.The deep analysis of the current state-of-the-art technological performance indicates that the pAO-eNO_(x)RR technology is competitive with commercial processes in achieving large-scale NH_(3)synthesis.However,lower energy efficiency of pAO-eNO_(x)RR technology leads to high electricity costs that surpass the current market price of NH_(3).Subsequently,we conducted a comprehensive analysis which reveals that,for the economic viability of NH_(3)synthesis,an energy efficiency in the range of 33.8–38.6%must be attained.The expenses associated with plasma equipment,electrolyzer,catalysts,and NH_(3)distillation also contribute significantly to the economic burden.The further development of pAO-eNO_(x)RR technology should be centered around advancements in plasma catalysts,electrocatalysts,reactors,as well as the exploration for energy-efficient cathode-anode synergistic catalytic systems.
基金funded through Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,Saudi Arabia—project number“NBU-FFR-2025-3623-06”.
文摘Around the world,there has been a notable shift toward the use of renewable energy technology due to the growing demand for energy and the ongoing depletion of conventional resources,such as fossil fuels.Following this worldwide trend,Brunei’s government has initiated several strategic programs aimed at encouraging the establishment of energy from renewable sources in the nation’s energy mix.These initiatives are designed not only to support environmental sustainability but also to make energy from renewable sources increasingly competitive in comparison to more conventional energy sources like gas and oil,which have historically dominated Brunei’s energy market.The optimization of a hybrid energy system that combines diesel generators,solar photovoltaic(PV)panels,and the national power grid is the focus of this study.The objective is to identify the most cost-effective and environmentally sustainable configuration that can reliably meet local energy demands.During optimization,several configuration was tried and tested,including only grid,PV and Grid and PV-generator.HOMER(Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources)software,a popular simulation tool that makes it possible to simulate and analyze hybrid energy systems,is utilized in the optimization process.Inside the HOMER Pro optimization,various system configuration is taken into account for the optimization.While simulating,it takes into account different combinations of components such as solar panels,wind turbines and batteries.Later on,it is being ranked by different factors such as net present cost(NPC),Cost of Energy(COE),etc.A comprehensive techno-economic research is carried out to evaluate various system configurations,considering key performance indicators such as total energy generation cost,operational expenditure,and greenhouse gas emissions.The results provide valuable insights into how renewable-based hybrid systems can reduce environmental impact while maintaining economic viability,supporting Brunei’s broader goals of energy diversification and sustainability.The study also emphasizes how such hybrid systems could be scaled for off-grid and rural populations in Brunei,where a dependable electricity supply is still a problem.Furthermore,sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of variations in solar irradiation,load demand,and fuel prices on the overall system performance.Policymakers and energy planners can use these insights to help them make data-driven decisions about future investments in infrastructure for renewable energy.
文摘Rechargeable batteries have changed human daily life from electronic devices and electric transport to renewable energy systems[1-3].Especially,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the market since their first commercialization in the 1990s,and the three pioneers(John B.Goodenough,M.Stanley Whittingham,and Akira Yoshino)in the historical development of LIBs were awarded the Novel Prize in chemistry in 2019[4].However,the imbalance between supply and demand during the past few years induced extremely huge fluctuations in lithium resources.The misgivings of lithium resources have promoted the quick development of potential alternative battery technologies.
基金support by the Education University of Hong Kong to perform this project under International Grant(UMT/International Grant/2020/53376).
文摘Hydrogen(H_(2))is a promising renewable energy which finds wide applications as the world gears toward low-carbon economy.However,current H_(2) production via steam methane reforming of natural gas or gasification of coal are laden with high CO_(2) footprints.Recently,methane(CH_(4))pyrolysis has emerged as a potential technology to generate low-carbon H_(2) and solid carbon.In this review,the current state-of-art and recent progress of H_(2) production from CH_(4) pyrolysis are reviewed in detail.Aspects such as funda-mental mechanism and chemistry involved,effect of process parameters on the conversion efficiency and reaction kinetics for various reaction media and catalysts are elucidated and critically discussed.Temper-ature,among other factors,plays the most critical influence on the methane pyrolysis reaction.Molten metal/salt could lower the operating temperature of methane pyrolysis to<1000℃,whereas plasma technology usually operates in the regime of>1000℃.Based on the reaction kinetics,metal-based cata-lysts were more efficient in lowering the activation energy of the reaction to 29.5-88 kJ/mol from that of uncatalyzed reaction(147-420.7 kJ/mol).Besides,the current techno-economic performance of the pro-cess reveals that the levelized cost of H_(2) is directly influenced by the sales price of carbon(by-product)generated,which could offset the overall cost.Lastly,the main challenges of reactor design for efficient product separation and retrieval,as well as catalyst deactivation/poisoning need to be debottlenecked.
基金supported by National Key Research&Development Program-Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project(2021YFE0112800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program:62136003)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273149)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(the 111 Project)under Grant B17017 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘CO_(2)-based carbon-neutral organics production processes could potentially reshape the chemical industry.However,their feasibility and net carbon footprint rely strongly on the sources of H_(2).Herein,we present a comprehensive comparative techno-economic analysis of CO_(2)-based methanol(CO_(2)TM)and aolefins(CO_(2)TO)manufacturing using various feedstock supply modes:(1)the standalone mode with external CO_(2)but H_(2)from on-site water electrolysis,(2)the integrated mode with both CO_(2)and H_(2)recovered from coal-chemical plants,and(3)the integrated mode with recycled CO_(2)but H_(2)from on-site water electrolysis.The integration of CO_(2)TM and CO_(2)TO into coal-to-olefins(CTO)and coal-to-methanol(CTM)facilities is currently cost-effective and can reduce net CO_(2)emissions by 65.7%and 68.5%,resulting in a three-fold and two-fold increase in carbon efficiency,respectively.As carbon tax policies and electrolysis technologies continue to evolve,standalone CO_(2)TM and CO_(2)TO are projected to become more economically competitive than CTO and CTM by 2035-2045.
文摘Transition toward a sustainable,low-carbon energy future requires innovative,integrated solutions.Hybrid solar-hydrogen systems(HSHSs),which combine solar energy harvesting and hydrogen production,have excellent prosepects to address challenges related to renewable energy generation,storage,and usage.This article presents an overview of the research on the technical and economic feasibility of HSHSs,aimed at comprehensively articulating their current state,notable advancements,and future research directions.It begins by elucidating solar energy principles and conversion methods and emphasizing the potential of solar energy for hydrogen production.This study then explores the definitions,components,and synergistic integration of HSHSs.Optimized energy conversion and storage methods for efficient hydrogen production and storage are also highlighted.This study reviews the techniques employed for techno-economic evaluations over the last six years,addressing challenges such as the intermittency of solar energy and the efficiency of hydrogen production technologies.This review of the ongoing research provides helpful insights into the technological and economic feasibility of HSHSs.This underscores the necessity of continuous research and development efforts to overcome existing challenges and unlock their full potential.These systems can play a vital role in achieving a cleaner and more resilient energy future by optimizing the system performance,reducing costs,and fostering supportive policy frameworks.
文摘Process algorithm, numerical model and techno-economic assessment of charge calculation and furnace bath optimization for target alloy for induction furnace-based steelmaking is presented in this study. The developed algorithm combines the make-to-order (MTO) and charge optimization planning (COP) of the steel melting shop in the production of target steel composition. Using a system-level approach, the unit operations involved in the melting process were analyzed with the purpose of initial charge calculation, prevailing alloy charge prediction and optimizing the sequence of melt chemistry modification. The model performance was established using real-time production data from a cast iron-based foundry with a 1- and 2-ton induction furnace capacity and a medium carbon-based foundry with a 10- and 15-ton induction furnace capacity. A simulation engine (CastMELT) was developed in Java IDE with a MySQL database for continuous interaction with changing process parameters to run the model for validation. The comparison between the model prediction and production results was analyzed for charge prediction, melt modification and ferroalloy optimization and possible cost savings. The model performance for elemental charge prediction and calculation purpose with respect to the charge input (at overall scrap meltdown) gave R-squared, Standard Error, Pearson correlation and Significance value of (0.934, 0.06, 0.97, 0.0003) for Carbon prediction, (0.962, 0.06, 0.98, 0.00009) for Silicon prediction, (0.999, 0.048, 0.999, 9E -11) for Manganese Prediction, and (0.997, 0.076, 0.999, 6E -7) for Chromium prediction respectively. Correlation analysis for melt modification (after charging of ferroalloy) using the model for after-alloying spark analysis compared with the target chemistry is at 99.82%. The results validate the suitability of the developed model as a functional system of induction furnace melting for combined charge calculation and melt optimization Techno-economic evaluation results showed that 0.98% - 0.25% ferroalloy saving per ton of melt is possible using the model. This brings about an annual production cost savings of 100,000 $/y in foundry A (medium carbon steel) and 20,000 $/y in foundry B (cast iron) on the use of different ferroalloy materials.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(No.2016R1A3B 1908249),funded by the Korean government.
文摘The efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has progressed rapidly,exceeding 26%for single-junction devices and surpassing 34%in perovskite-silicon tandem configurations,establishing PSCs as a promising alternative to traditional photovoltaic technologies.However,their commercialization is constrained by significant stability challenges in outdoor environments.This review critically examines key cell-level issues affecting the long-term performance and reliability of PSCs,focusing on instabilities arising from the intrinsic phases of the perovskite absorber and external stress factors.Mitigation strategies to enhance stability are discussed,alongside recent advancements in charge transport layers,electrodes,and interfaces aimed at reducing environmental degradation and improving energy level alignment for efficient charge extraction.The importance of accelerated aging tests and the establishment of standardized protocols is underscored for accurately predicting device lifetimes and identifying failure mechanisms,thereby ensuring stability under real-world conditions.Furthermore,a comprehensive techno-economic analysis evaluates how advancements in materials and strategic innovations influence efficiency,durability,and cost,which are critical for the commercial adoption of PSCs.This review delineates the essential steps required to transition PSC technology from laboratory-scale research to widespread commercialization within the global photovoltaic industry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of the 13th FiveYear Plan of China(Grant No.2018YFB1501805)。
文摘Investigation of a triple-pressure organic Rankine cycle(TPORC) using geothermal energy for power generation with the net power output of the TPORC analyzed by varying the evaporation pressures, pinch temperature differences(tpp) and degrees of superheat(tsup) aimed to find the optimum operation conditions of the system. The thermodynamic performance of the TPORC was compared with a dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle(DPORC) and a single-pressure ORC(SPORC) for geofluid temperatures ranging from 100°C to 200°C, with particular reference to the utilization of a hot dry rock(HDR) geothermal resource. Thermodynamic performances of the TPORC system using eight different organic working fluids have also been investigated in terms of the net power outputs. Results show that a higher geofluid mass flow rate can make a considerable contribution to shortening the payback period(PBP) as well as to decreasing the levelized electricity cost(LEC), especially when the geofluid temperature is low. For the temperature range investigated, the order from high to low based on thermodynamic and techno-economic performances is found to be TPORC > DPORC > SPORC. In terms of using geothermal resources within the given temperatures range(100°C–200°C), the TPORC system can be a better choice for geothermal power generation so long as the wellhead geofluid temperature is between 140°C and 180°C.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(23YFGA0051)the Industrial Support Program for Higher Education Institutions of Gansu Province(2024CYZC-17).
文摘N-methyl-pyrrolidone(NMP)is an important solvent for the production of lithium batteries,which causes environmental pollution and wastes resources if it is directly discharged.The current commonly used vacuum distillation recovery process suffers from high operating costs and high energy consumption.Therefore,this paper proposes a coupled pervaporation-adsorption(PV-A)process to recover NMP solvents from lithium battery production waste streams.In this process,pervaporation is used to dewater the NMP waste liquid,it was found that the water content in the raw material liquid decreased from the initial 8.3%(mass)to 0.14%(mass)after 400 min of dewatering,but the membrane separation performance decreased significantly when the water content of the raw material liquid decreased to 0.45%(mass),and at the same time,the NMP loss rate increased rapidly.An adsorption process was used to remove trace water from the remaining liquid,and the water content in the feed liquid under the optimal adsorption process conditions was reduced from 0.45%(mass)to 0.014%,which fully meets the purity requirements of electronics-grade NMP for the production of lithium batteries.Steady-state modeling and techno-economic evaluation of the proposed coupled process were carried out,and compared with vacuum distillation and pervaporation technologies,the results showed the PV-A process yielded the best techno-economic performance and the lowest environmental impact,and it can be used as an alternative process to the traditional NMP recycling technology.This study provides a new method for the recycling of NMP in the lithium battery industry.
基金state assignments of Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry,Russian Academy of Sciences(No.124013000692-4 and 122112100037-4).
文摘Lithium iron phosphate(LFP)has found many applications in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.However,the increasing volume of end-of-life LFP batteries poses an urgent challenge in terms of environmental sustainability and resource management.Therefore,the development and implementation of efficient LFP battery recycling methods are crucial to address these challenges.This article presents a novel,comprehensive evaluation framework for comparing different lithium iron phosphate relithiation techniques.The framework includes three main sets of criteria:direct production cost,electrochemical performance,and environmental impact.Each criterion is scored on a scale of 0–100,with higher scores indicating better performance.The direct production cost is rated based on material costs,energy consumption,key equipment costs,process duration and space requirements.Electrochemical performance is assessed by rate capability and cycle stability.Environmental impact is assessed based on CO_(2)emissions.The framework provides a standardized technique for researchers and industry professionals to objectively compare relithiation methods,facilitating the identification of the most promising approaches for further development and scale-up.The total average score across the three criterion groups for electrochemical,chemical,and hydrothermal relithiation methods was approximately 60 points,while sintering scored 39 points,making it the least attractive relithiation technique.Combining approaches outlined in publications with scores exceeding 60,a relithiation scheme was proposed to achieve optimal electrochemical performance with minimal resource consumption and environmental impact.The results demonstrate the framework’s applicability and highlight areas for future research and optimization in lithium iron phosphate cathode recycling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279139,62227815,22465026,22469015)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1504500)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2024JQ06,2022MS2010,2024MS05005)Inner Mongolia University Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project(11200-5223737)。
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc(Zn)-metal batteries hold great promise for next-generation energy storage systems.However,their practical application is hindered by several challenges,including dendrite formation,corrosion,and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.To address these issues,we designed and fabricated a composite protective layer for Zn anodes by integrating carbon nanotubes(CNTs)with chitosan through a simple and scalable scraping process.The CNTs ensure uniform electric field distribution due to their high electrical conductivity,while protonated chitosan regulates ion transport and suppresses dendrite formation at the anode interface.The chitosan/CNTs composite layer also facilitates smooth Zn^(2+)deposition,enhancing the stability and reversibility of the Zn anode.As a result,the chitosan/CNTs@Zn anode demonstrates exceptional cycling stability,achieving over 3000 h of plating/stripping with minimal degradation.When paired with a V_(2)O_(5)cathode,the composite-protected anode significantly improves the cycle stability and energy density of the full cell.Techno-economic analysis confirms that batteries incorporating the chitosan/CNTs protective layer outperform those with bare Zn anodes in terms of energy density and overall performance under optimized conditions.This work provides a scalable and sustainable strategy to overcome the critical challenges of aqueous Zn-metal batteries,paving the way for their practical application in next-generation energy storage systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379083)State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-23T02)+2 种基金financial support from Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciencessupport from Tsinghua International School’s Research Mentoring Programsupport from Tsinglan School’s Research Mentoring Program。
文摘Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO_(2)emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO_(2)using alkaline solutions with reactive absorption.In this work,we present a CO_(2)-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm^(2)electrode area.Our electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended periods.The techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.
基金supported by the Transition Accelerator,Mitacs and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)[RGPIN-2021-02453 and ALLRP 580840-22].
文摘As part of the effort to achieve net zero,hydrogen will become significantly used in transportation and energy generation by 2050.Hydrogen is fit for long-haul vehicles because of the short refueling time and long range of using hydrogen as onboard storage instead of batteries.Meanwhile,hydrogen can also be used for long-time grid energy storage because of the low material cost and low self-discharge.By using fuel cell electric vehicles(FCEVs)for energy generation,the fuel cells(FCs)in idle FCEVs can be connected to the grid(FCEV2G)and supply electricity to the grid by consuming hydrogen stored in a station.In this way,the hydrogen usage in the transportation and energy storage sectors can be synergically integrated.A mixed integer linear programming(MILP)model is established to simulate and evaluate the economic and environmental potential of the operation of a FCEV2G station.The station's profit and carbon emission reduction potential depend on the traffic and electricity profiles.It is estimated that a net profit of 233,976 USD can be generated and simultaneously 210 tonnes carbon emissions can be reduced,using the historic traffic and electricity data of Alberta.Furthermore,considering the Canadian carbon tax in the optimization increases the net profit and carbon reduction to 246,704 USD and 377 tonnes,respectively.Meanwhile,using electricity data with lower carbon intensity and less fluctuation,e.g.,that in Ontario,significant technological improvements are needed to make the FCEV2G station operation economically viable.These results demonstrate the potential of FCEV2G in generating monetary incentives and environmental benefits by integrating the transportation and energy storage sectors.
基金supported by CPS2E Laboratory,National Higher School of Mines of Rabat.
文摘In this study,we analyzed the untapped energy potential of remote mountainous regions in eastern Morocco,thereby addressing the research gap on sustainable electrification in such areas.We proposed a hybrid energy system corresponding to the local conditions and integrated the solar,wind,and biomass energy using batteries and green hydrogen as storage systems,considering the grid as a backup.Simulations conducted using HOMER Pro indicate an annual energy output of 5.6 GWh from solar,6.9 GWh from wind,and 1 GWh from biomass,thereby ensuring 100%renewable self-sufficiency.The system is highly cost-effective and achieves a levelized cost of energy of 0.024$/kWh while significantly reducing the greenhouse gas emissions by over 99%for CO_(2) and 100%for SO_(2).This study presents a sustainable,reliable,and economically viable solution for rural electrification,which concurs with SDG 7.
基金sponsored by the US Department of Energy Fossil Energy and Carbon Management Program,project FEAA157 under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UTBattelle,LLC.
文摘Coal is a versatile energy resource and was a driver of the industrial revolution that transformed the economies of Europe and North America and the trajectory of civilization.In this work,a technoeconomic analysis was performed for a coal-to-carbonfiber manufacture process developed at the University of Kentucky’s Center for Applied Energy Research.According to this process,coal,with decant oil as the solvent,was converted to mesophase pitch via solvent extraction,and the mesophase pitch was subsequently converted to carbon fiber.The total cost to produce carbon fibers from coal and decant oil via the solvent extraction process was estimated to be$11.50/kg for 50,000-tow pitch carbon fiber with a production volume of 3750 MT/year.The estimated carbon fiber cost was significantly lower than the current commercially available PAN-based carbon fiber price($20–$30/kg).With decant oil recycling rates of 50%and 70%in the solvent extraction process,the manufacturing cost of carbon fiber was estimated to be$9.90/kg and$9.50/kg of carbon fiber,respectively.A cradle-to-gate energy assessment revealed that carbon fiber derived from coal exhibited an embodied energy of 510 MJ/kg,significantly lower than that of conventionally produced carbon fiber from PAN.This notable difference is primarily attributed to the substantially higher conversion rate of coal-based mesophase pitch fibers into carbon fiber,surpassing PAN fibers by 1.6 times.These findings indicate that using coal for carbon fiber production through solvent extraction methods could offer a more energy-efficient and cost-competitive alternative to the traditional PAN based approach.
基金Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U2344226。
文摘Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is widely recognized as a technological system capable of achieving large-scale carbon dioxide emission reductions.However,its high costs and potential risks have limited its large-scale implementation.This study focuses on enhancing the economic viability of traditional CCUS by proposing a novel technological concept and system that integrates CCUS with water extraction,geothermal energy harvesting,hydrogen production,and energy storage.The system comprises three interconnected modules:(1)upstream CO_(2)-enhanced water recovery(CO_(2)-EWR),(2)midstream green hydrogen synthesis,and(3)downstream energy utilization.Through detailed explanations of the fundamental concept and related technological systems,its feasibility is demonstrated.Preliminary estimates indicate that under current conditions,the system lacks economic advantages.However,significant reductions in hydrogen production costs could enable the system to yield a profit of nearly 1000 Chinese Yuan(approximately 145 US dollars)per ton of CO_(2)in the future.Following an in-depth investigation,priority implementation in China's Tarim Basin and Ordos Basin is recommended.This technological system could significantly extend the industrial chain of traditional CCUS projects,promising additional social and ecnomic benefits.Furthermore,the involved gas-water displacement technology can help manage formation pressure and reduce leakage risks in large-scale carbon storage projects.
