Ewing’s sarcoma is a pediatric tumor that mainly occurs in soft tissues and bones. Malignant characteristics of Ewing’s sarcoma are correlated with expression of EWS oncogene. We achieved knockdown of EWS expression...Ewing’s sarcoma is a pediatric tumor that mainly occurs in soft tissues and bones. Malignant characteristics of Ewing’s sarcoma are correlated with expression of EWS oncogene. We achieved knockdown of EWS expression using a plasmid vector encoding EWS short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to increase anti-tumor mechanisms of taxifolin (TFL), a new flavonoid, in human Ewing’s sarcoma cells in culture and animal models. Immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis showed high expression of EWS in human Ewing’s sarcoma SK-N-MC and RD-ES cell lines. EWS shRNA plus TFL inhibited 80% cell viability and caused the highest decreases in EWS expression at mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines. Knockdown of EWS expression induced morphological features of differentiation. EWS shRNA plus TFL caused more alterations in molecular markers of differentiation than either agent alone. EWS shRNA plus TFL caused the highest decreases in cell migration with inhibition of survival, angiogenic and invasive factors. Knockdown of EWS expression was associated with removal of DNA methylation from p53 promoter, promoting expression of p53, Puma, and Noxa. EWS shRNA plus TFL induced the highest amounts of apoptosis with activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in both cell lines in culture. EWS shRNA plus TFL also inhibited growth of Ewing’s sarcoma tumors in animal models due to inhibition of differentiation inhibitors and angiogenic and invasive factors and also induction of activation of caspase-3 for apoptosis. Collectively, knockdown of EWS expression increased various anti-tumor mechanisms of TFL in human Ewing’s sarcoma in cell culture and animal models.展开更多
Taxifolin loaded zein-caseinate nanoparticles(TZP)were fabricated by the anti-solvent method and were used as an oral delivery vehicle to improve their bioavailability in the rat.The formulations of TZP were optimized...Taxifolin loaded zein-caseinate nanoparticles(TZP)were fabricated by the anti-solvent method and were used as an oral delivery vehicle to improve their bioavailability in the rat.The formulations of TZP were optimized.With mass ratio of 1:1:2 between taxifolin,zein and sodium caseinate,the particle size andζpotential of TZP were(168.74±0.35)nm and−(57.67±0.25)mV,while the encapsulation and loading efficiency of taxifolin were(85.83±0.89)%and(17.11±0.88)%,respectively.After freeze-drying,TZP exhibited excellent redispersibility in water without aggregation.Physicochemical characterization showed that taxifolin existed in amorphous form in TZP and its interaction with the protein was observed.After encapsulating in TZP,the excellent dispersion of taxifolin in water signifi cantly improve its diffusion velocity through a semipermeable membrane.After oral administration,taxifolin and its 5 metabolites were identifi ed in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS).The dynamic variation of taxifolin and its metabolites in plasma were then quantifi ed by UPLC with a triple-quadrupole typemass spectroscopy(UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS).A pharmacokinetic study showed that the bioavailability of taxifolin increased from 0.35%to 0.52%through TZP fabrication.The plasma concentration of taxifolin glucuronide and methylated taxifolin glucuronide was much higher than taxifolin.Glucuronidation was the dominating metabolism pathway of taxifolin in vivo.展开更多
Background Autophagy, a dynamic and efficient process of self-digestion in vivo, has been proven to be ben- eficial for cardiac protection during MI process via removing the additional protein and damaged organelles i...Background Autophagy, a dynamic and efficient process of self-digestion in vivo, has been proven to be ben- eficial for cardiac protection during MI process via removing the additional protein and damaged organelles in the heart. Taxifolin （Tax）, a common plant flavonoid, has been widely used for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, the underlying mechanism of Tax is largely unknown. Methods Murine arterial cardiomyocytes HL-1 cells were pretreated with Tax and then exposed to hypoxia environment. CCK-8 was performed for the de- termination of cell viability. Monodansylcadaverine （MDC） and Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 （LC3） were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The relative gene expressions of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 （HIFI-a） and Heine Oxygenase-1 （HO-1） were determined by qRT-PCR. Results Tax at 100μm for 6 h has the maximal effect to avoid reducing the cell viability excessively and significantly abolished hypoxia-induced cell death. Both of the MDC and LC3 immunofluorescence staining revealed markedly increase of expression of autophagy with pretreatment of Tax. Finally, qRT-PCR showed the upregulation of HIFI-a and HO-1 with Tax. Conclusions Taken together, Tax might be a potential candidate for the treatment of MI by promoting cardio- myocyte autophagy via the activation of HIF 1-a and HO-1.展开更多
Objective:To investigate preventive effects of taxifolin on ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative ovarian damage in rats.Methods:A total of 18 female Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into three gr...Objective:To investigate preventive effects of taxifolin on ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative ovarian damage in rats.Methods:A total of 18 female Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups:the sham group,the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group,and the 50 mg/kg taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.The ovarian ischemia reperfusion and taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion groups were exposed to ischemia for 2 h and then followed by two-hour reperfusion protocol.Biochemical and histopathologic examinations were performed on the extracted ovaries.Results:Levels of malondialdehyde and cyclooxygenase-2 were increased,while reduced-glutathione and cyclooxygenase-1 were decreased in the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.However,these values were reversed in the taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.Similarly,the number of primordial and developing follicules decreased in the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group,while they were within normal range in the taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.Conclusions:Ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to oxidative stress-related ovarian injury,and taxifolin may be useful for protecting ovarian tissue from such injury.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of taxifolin added to rabbit semen on freezing-induced cold-shock damages in spermatozoa.Methods:Semen was collected from six adult New Zealand rabbits once a week by artificial vag...Objective:To investigate the effect of taxifolin added to rabbit semen on freezing-induced cold-shock damages in spermatozoa.Methods:Semen was collected from six adult New Zealand rabbits once a week by artificial vagina.The collected semen was pooled at 38℃ and divided into four equal volumes.They were diluted with 0,50,100 and 200μM taxifolin-containing Tris+egg yolk extender at 38℃ and their temperatures were lowered to 4℃.Following equilibration,semen drawn into 0.25 mL straws were frozen in an automatic semen freezing device and stored in liquid nitrogen container at-196℃.Samples were thawed in 38℃ water for 25 s and the analyses of motility,kinematic parameters,morphological deformities,changes in membrane integrity,mitochondrial membrane potential,dead-live ratio,acrosomal damages and as well as oxidative stress analyses were performed in semen.Results:Addition of 50μM taxifolin significantly improved motility(total,progressive,rapid and static),high mitochondrial membrane potential and the ratios of spermatozoa with acrosomal damage compared to the control group.Compared to the control group,malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the 50 and 100μM taxifolin groups were significantly lower,while the MDA level was high and viable spermatozoa ratio was low in the 200μM taxifolin group.There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of kinematic parameters,morphological deformities,membrane integrity and antioxidant levels.Conclusions:The low dose of taxifolin(50μM)has a positive effect and the high dose(200μM)has a negative effect.Therefore,it is concluded that the addition of low-dose(50μM)taxifolin to the extenders would be a useful additive in reducing cold-shock damage that occurs during freezing of rabbit semen.展开更多
Background Taxifolin（Tax） is an essential natural antioxidant. Multiple studies have shown that Tax can protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Met...Background Taxifolin（Tax） is an essential natural antioxidant. Multiple studies have shown that Tax can protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Methods H9C2 cells were randomly divided into control, H_2O_2 group, Tax pretreatment group（Tax ＋ H_2O_2）;Tax effect group. Cell activity was detected by CCK-8 and the intracellular structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy was determine by Western blotting analysis of Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and PKC.Results Tax pretreatment significantly increased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and autophagy protein Beclin-1.Expression of PKC was inhibited by Tax. Conclusions Tax pretreatment could protect H9 C2 cells against H_2O_2-induced damage through the Bcl-2 and autophagy pathways.展开更多
Taxifolin(TAX)is a natural compound known for its liver protection effect,but the mechanism remains unknown.Phosphorylated proteomics analyses discovered that the phosphorylation level of NDRG1 at T328 was a key event...Taxifolin(TAX)is a natural compound known for its liver protection effect,but the mechanism remains unknown.Phosphorylated proteomics analyses discovered that the phosphorylation level of NDRG1 at T328 was a key event of TAX-improved liver fibrosis.We established models with NDRG1 knockout(KO)in vivo and in vitro,demonstrating that NDRG1 KO attenuated the development of hepatocyte injury,and combining NDRG1 KO and TAX administration did not result in a reduction in protection against liver injury.Cellular thermal shift assay and surface plasma resonance analysis showed that TAX directly binds to NDRG1 rather than its upstream kinase,subsequently demonstrating that TAX regulated phosphorylation of NDRG1 at T328 through binding to its C289 site.NDRG1 T328A(phosphorylated mutation)and T328E(mimic phosphorylation)in vivo and in vitro confirmed that pNDRG1T328 exacerbates hepatocyte injury along with DNA damage,inflammatory response,and apoptosis,thereby contributing to hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)activation.In contrast,TAX can inhibit the above pathological abnormalities and block hepatocyte injury-triggered HSCs activation and fibrosis.Overall,TAX is a potent liver protection drug primarily targeting NDRG1 and inhibiting pNDRG1T328 in hepatocytes.展开更多
Objective:Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid compound that can be isolated from onions,grapes,oranges and grapefruit.It also acts as a medicine food homology with extraordinary antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity....Objective:Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid compound that can be isolated from onions,grapes,oranges and grapefruit.It also acts as a medicine food homology with extraordinary antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity.This study aims to explain the protective effects and potential mechanisms of taxifolin against inflammatory reaction.Methods:Levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1βand intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)were assessed in different time after the treatment of taxifolin in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Subsequently,the m RNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a and the phosphorylation expression levels of the MAPK signal pathway were also evaluated.A silico analysis was used to explain the binding situation for the investigation of taxifolin and MAPK signal pathway.And then MAPK inhibitors were used to reveal the expression level of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a in RAW264.7 cells.Results:It was demonstrated that cell inflammatory damage induced by LPS was significantly alleviated after the treatment of taxifolin.Then,the m RNA and protein levels of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a were reduced and the phosphorylation expression levels of the MAPK signal pathway were down-regulated remarkably as well.In silico analysis,taxifolin could form a relatively stable combination with MAPK signal pathway.MAPK inhibitors showed increasing or decreasing effect in the m RNA levels of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a,which suggesting that taxifolin down-regulated i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a expressions were not entirely through the MAPK pathway.Conclusion:This finding demonstrated that taxifolin improved the inflammatory responses that partly involved in the phosphorylation expression level of MAPK signal pathway in RAW264.7 cells exposed to acute stress.展开更多
文摘Ewing’s sarcoma is a pediatric tumor that mainly occurs in soft tissues and bones. Malignant characteristics of Ewing’s sarcoma are correlated with expression of EWS oncogene. We achieved knockdown of EWS expression using a plasmid vector encoding EWS short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to increase anti-tumor mechanisms of taxifolin (TFL), a new flavonoid, in human Ewing’s sarcoma cells in culture and animal models. Immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometric analysis showed high expression of EWS in human Ewing’s sarcoma SK-N-MC and RD-ES cell lines. EWS shRNA plus TFL inhibited 80% cell viability and caused the highest decreases in EWS expression at mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines. Knockdown of EWS expression induced morphological features of differentiation. EWS shRNA plus TFL caused more alterations in molecular markers of differentiation than either agent alone. EWS shRNA plus TFL caused the highest decreases in cell migration with inhibition of survival, angiogenic and invasive factors. Knockdown of EWS expression was associated with removal of DNA methylation from p53 promoter, promoting expression of p53, Puma, and Noxa. EWS shRNA plus TFL induced the highest amounts of apoptosis with activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in both cell lines in culture. EWS shRNA plus TFL also inhibited growth of Ewing’s sarcoma tumors in animal models due to inhibition of differentiation inhibitors and angiogenic and invasive factors and also induction of activation of caspase-3 for apoptosis. Collectively, knockdown of EWS expression increased various anti-tumor mechanisms of TFL in human Ewing’s sarcoma in cell culture and animal models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060541).
文摘Taxifolin loaded zein-caseinate nanoparticles(TZP)were fabricated by the anti-solvent method and were used as an oral delivery vehicle to improve their bioavailability in the rat.The formulations of TZP were optimized.With mass ratio of 1:1:2 between taxifolin,zein and sodium caseinate,the particle size andζpotential of TZP were(168.74±0.35)nm and−(57.67±0.25)mV,while the encapsulation and loading efficiency of taxifolin were(85.83±0.89)%and(17.11±0.88)%,respectively.After freeze-drying,TZP exhibited excellent redispersibility in water without aggregation.Physicochemical characterization showed that taxifolin existed in amorphous form in TZP and its interaction with the protein was observed.After encapsulating in TZP,the excellent dispersion of taxifolin in water signifi cantly improve its diffusion velocity through a semipermeable membrane.After oral administration,taxifolin and its 5 metabolites were identifi ed in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS).The dynamic variation of taxifolin and its metabolites in plasma were then quantifi ed by UPLC with a triple-quadrupole typemass spectroscopy(UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS).A pharmacokinetic study showed that the bioavailability of taxifolin increased from 0.35%to 0.52%through TZP fabrication.The plasma concentration of taxifolin glucuronide and methylated taxifolin glucuronide was much higher than taxifolin.Glucuronidation was the dominating metabolism pathway of taxifolin in vivo.
基金supported by Guangzhou university industry collaborative innovation major project(1561000143)Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.A2014002)+2 种基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81370230/81500231/81570279)Natural Sciences Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2015JJ6118)Grant from the New Xiangya Talent Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(No.JJ201524)
文摘Background Autophagy, a dynamic and efficient process of self-digestion in vivo, has been proven to be ben- eficial for cardiac protection during MI process via removing the additional protein and damaged organelles in the heart. Taxifolin （Tax）, a common plant flavonoid, has been widely used for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, the underlying mechanism of Tax is largely unknown. Methods Murine arterial cardiomyocytes HL-1 cells were pretreated with Tax and then exposed to hypoxia environment. CCK-8 was performed for the de- termination of cell viability. Monodansylcadaverine （MDC） and Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 （LC3） were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The relative gene expressions of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 （HIFI-a） and Heine Oxygenase-1 （HO-1） were determined by qRT-PCR. Results Tax at 100μm for 6 h has the maximal effect to avoid reducing the cell viability excessively and significantly abolished hypoxia-induced cell death. Both of the MDC and LC3 immunofluorescence staining revealed markedly increase of expression of autophagy with pretreatment of Tax. Finally, qRT-PCR showed the upregulation of HIFI-a and HO-1 with Tax. Conclusions Taken together, Tax might be a potential candidate for the treatment of MI by promoting cardio- myocyte autophagy via the activation of HIF 1-a and HO-1.
文摘Objective:To investigate preventive effects of taxifolin on ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative ovarian damage in rats.Methods:A total of 18 female Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups:the sham group,the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group,and the 50 mg/kg taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.The ovarian ischemia reperfusion and taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion groups were exposed to ischemia for 2 h and then followed by two-hour reperfusion protocol.Biochemical and histopathologic examinations were performed on the extracted ovaries.Results:Levels of malondialdehyde and cyclooxygenase-2 were increased,while reduced-glutathione and cyclooxygenase-1 were decreased in the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.However,these values were reversed in the taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.Similarly,the number of primordial and developing follicules decreased in the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group,while they were within normal range in the taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.Conclusions:Ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to oxidative stress-related ovarian injury,and taxifolin may be useful for protecting ovarian tissue from such injury.
基金financially supported by Fırat University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit(Grant No:VF.21.02).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of taxifolin added to rabbit semen on freezing-induced cold-shock damages in spermatozoa.Methods:Semen was collected from six adult New Zealand rabbits once a week by artificial vagina.The collected semen was pooled at 38℃ and divided into four equal volumes.They were diluted with 0,50,100 and 200μM taxifolin-containing Tris+egg yolk extender at 38℃ and their temperatures were lowered to 4℃.Following equilibration,semen drawn into 0.25 mL straws were frozen in an automatic semen freezing device and stored in liquid nitrogen container at-196℃.Samples were thawed in 38℃ water for 25 s and the analyses of motility,kinematic parameters,morphological deformities,changes in membrane integrity,mitochondrial membrane potential,dead-live ratio,acrosomal damages and as well as oxidative stress analyses were performed in semen.Results:Addition of 50μM taxifolin significantly improved motility(total,progressive,rapid and static),high mitochondrial membrane potential and the ratios of spermatozoa with acrosomal damage compared to the control group.Compared to the control group,malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the 50 and 100μM taxifolin groups were significantly lower,while the MDA level was high and viable spermatozoa ratio was low in the 200μM taxifolin group.There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of kinematic parameters,morphological deformities,membrane integrity and antioxidant levels.Conclusions:The low dose of taxifolin(50μM)has a positive effect and the high dose(200μM)has a negative effect.Therefore,it is concluded that the addition of low-dose(50μM)taxifolin to the extenders would be a useful additive in reducing cold-shock damage that occurs during freezing of rabbit semen.
基金supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81370230 and81570279)Natural Sciences Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2015JJ6118)+2 种基金Grant from the New Xiangya Talent Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(No.JJ201524)Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.A2016392)Industry-University-Research Cooperation Innovation Major Project of Guangdong Province(No.1561000143)
文摘Background Taxifolin（Tax） is an essential natural antioxidant. Multiple studies have shown that Tax can protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Methods H9C2 cells were randomly divided into control, H_2O_2 group, Tax pretreatment group（Tax ＋ H_2O_2）;Tax effect group. Cell activity was detected by CCK-8 and the intracellular structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy was determine by Western blotting analysis of Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and PKC.Results Tax pretreatment significantly increased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and autophagy protein Beclin-1.Expression of PKC was inhibited by Tax. Conclusions Tax pretreatment could protect H9 C2 cells against H_2O_2-induced damage through the Bcl-2 and autophagy pathways.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104394)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2024C03102)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY23H280008,China)Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University universitylevel talent special project(No.2024JKZKTS09,China).
文摘Taxifolin(TAX)is a natural compound known for its liver protection effect,but the mechanism remains unknown.Phosphorylated proteomics analyses discovered that the phosphorylation level of NDRG1 at T328 was a key event of TAX-improved liver fibrosis.We established models with NDRG1 knockout(KO)in vivo and in vitro,demonstrating that NDRG1 KO attenuated the development of hepatocyte injury,and combining NDRG1 KO and TAX administration did not result in a reduction in protection against liver injury.Cellular thermal shift assay and surface plasma resonance analysis showed that TAX directly binds to NDRG1 rather than its upstream kinase,subsequently demonstrating that TAX regulated phosphorylation of NDRG1 at T328 through binding to its C289 site.NDRG1 T328A(phosphorylated mutation)and T328E(mimic phosphorylation)in vivo and in vitro confirmed that pNDRG1T328 exacerbates hepatocyte injury along with DNA damage,inflammatory response,and apoptosis,thereby contributing to hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)activation.In contrast,TAX can inhibit the above pathological abnormalities and block hepatocyte injury-triggered HSCs activation and fibrosis.Overall,TAX is a potent liver protection drug primarily targeting NDRG1 and inhibiting pNDRG1T328 in hepatocytes.
基金supported by Open and Selective Project of National Major New Drug Development Science and Technology Major Project in Tianjin,China(No.2017ZX09031062)National Major New Drug Innovation Project of China(No.2017ZX09101001)+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Project in Tianjin,China(No.2019YFA09005600)Open Research fund of State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics in TianjinChina(No.010161003)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-020)Tianjin Key Training Project for‘Project+Team’(No.XC202030)。
文摘Objective:Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid compound that can be isolated from onions,grapes,oranges and grapefruit.It also acts as a medicine food homology with extraordinary antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity.This study aims to explain the protective effects and potential mechanisms of taxifolin against inflammatory reaction.Methods:Levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1βand intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)were assessed in different time after the treatment of taxifolin in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Subsequently,the m RNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a and the phosphorylation expression levels of the MAPK signal pathway were also evaluated.A silico analysis was used to explain the binding situation for the investigation of taxifolin and MAPK signal pathway.And then MAPK inhibitors were used to reveal the expression level of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a in RAW264.7 cells.Results:It was demonstrated that cell inflammatory damage induced by LPS was significantly alleviated after the treatment of taxifolin.Then,the m RNA and protein levels of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a were reduced and the phosphorylation expression levels of the MAPK signal pathway were down-regulated remarkably as well.In silico analysis,taxifolin could form a relatively stable combination with MAPK signal pathway.MAPK inhibitors showed increasing or decreasing effect in the m RNA levels of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a,which suggesting that taxifolin down-regulated i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a expressions were not entirely through the MAPK pathway.Conclusion:This finding demonstrated that taxifolin improved the inflammatory responses that partly involved in the phosphorylation expression level of MAPK signal pathway in RAW264.7 cells exposed to acute stress.
