The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of th...The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.展开更多
A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an or...A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.展开更多
We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precisio...We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precision sampling strategy based on prostate cancer’s spatial distribution,aligning with personalized diagnosis trends.展开更多
Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsul...Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsulation systems,this review explores food-derived polymers such as vicilin,zein,gluten,cruciferin,inulin,and others.These biopolymers are ideal since they encapsulate numerous functional compounds,such as vitamins,probiotics,essential oils,and polyphenols,because they are biocompatible,amphiphilic,and biodegradable.The specific physical and chemical properties of each polymer,extraction procedures,and nanoencapsulation techniques applied therein(e.g.,ionic gelation and spray drying)are described.The review highlights advanced targeting systems like pH-sensitive,magnetic delivery.Additional applications include those in synergistic nutraceutical systems,oral administration of vaccination,and intelligent food packaging.All these findings demonstrate that food polymers are increasingly more viable as functional nanocarriers by way of increasing bioactive delivery and the shifting requirements of personalized and health-based dietary regimes.展开更多
Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,ta...Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.展开更多
Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability...Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability and low bioavailability.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),nucleus-free biological particles composed of phospholipid bilayers secreted by living cells,are a new generation of targeted delivery carriers.In recent years,an increasing number of species have been reported to contain EVs.Among them,food-derived extracellular vesicles(FDEVs)show outstanding comprehensive properties.FDEVs are considered to have great application potential due to their wide range of sources,high yields,absence of human pathogenic pathogens,and ethical concerns.In this review,the preparation,nomenclature,physicochemical characteristics,and preservation methods of FDEVs are discussed,as well as their potential protein markers,bioactivities,and applications as novel targeted delivery carriers of FDEVs from animals,plants,and microorganisms.We also summarized the adverse consequences of FDEVs in current studies,and put forward the problems and challenges in the process of FDEVs research and commercialization.In short,the importance of FDEVs has been highlighted,and FDEVs have good application prospects as a new class of targeted delivery carriers.The current problems should be paid attention to and actively solved.展开更多
Breast cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality for women globally;therefore,further breakthroughs in treatment approaches are crucial.Palbociclib,ribociclib,and abemaciclib are among the Cyclin-de...Breast cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality for women globally;therefore,further breakthroughs in treatment approaches are crucial.Palbociclib,ribociclib,and abemaciclib are among the Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6)inhibitors that have become an innovative family of targeted therapy for hormone receptor-positive,Human Epidermal Growth factor receptor 2(HR+/HER2-)breast cancer.These inhibitors work by preventing the action of CDK4/6,which are crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle.Leading cancer cells to cell cycle arrest and undergo apoptosis.When these inhibitors are used with endocrine medicines like letrozole and fulvestrant,clinical trials lead positive impact in progression-free survival and,in a few cases,complete survival.However,despite their effectiveness,resistance mechanisms are primary and current acquired problems,requiring combined approaches with additional targeted medicines and continuous investigation into innovative therapeutic plans.To maintain patient compliance and quality of life,common side effects such as tiredness,gastrointestinal problems,and neutropenia need to be effectively managed.There is hopefulness for wider oncological applications as next-generation CDK inhibitor development and adaptive clinical trials continue to test their potential beyond breast cancer.CDK4/6 inhibitors continue to be a key part of breast cancer treatment as cancer biology advances,marking a major advancement towards more potent and customized cancer medicines.This review aims to provide current evidence on CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2-breast cancer,highlighting their mechanisms,interaction with endocrine resistance,combination strategies,and emerging biomarkers guiding personalized therapy.展开更多
The monofloral honey derived from Bauhinia championii(Benth.)Benth.(MH-Bc)possesses significant nutritional and bioactive value,making it highly suitable for commercial exploitation.However,the poorly defined characte...The monofloral honey derived from Bauhinia championii(Benth.)Benth.(MH-Bc)possesses significant nutritional and bioactive value,making it highly suitable for commercial exploitation.However,the poorly defined characteristics and unknown composition have hindered MH-Bc product development.In this study,we employed a combination of untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry analyses to characterize MH-Bc honey.As a result,4,7,8-trimethoxydibenzo[b,d]furan-3-ol(TDBF)was identified as a robust chemical marker for distinguishing MH-Bc from other types of honey.This specific marker was detected in both MH-Bc and the Bc plant but was absent in other honey varieties.Furthermore,a targeted mass spectrometry quantitative method was developed and validated to accurately determine the content of TDBF in honey samples.Overall,the presence of TDBF serves as a discerning indicator for future commercial MH-Bc products.展开更多
Colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems are one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for alleviating and curing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),but they still face challenges in successfully passing through ...Colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems are one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for alleviating and curing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),but they still face challenges in successfully passing through the harsh gastrointestinal environment and intestinal mucus barrier.To overcome the gastrointestinal barriers for oral drug delivery mentioned above,a“spore-like”oral nanodrug delivery platform(Cur/COS/SC NPs)has been developed.Firstly,chitooligosaccharides(COS)are encapsulated on the surface of Curcumin nanoparticles(Cur NPs)to form carrier-free nanoparticles(Cur/COS NPs).Subsequently,inspired by the natural high resistance of spore coat(SC),SC is chosen as the“protective umbrella”to encapsulate Cur/COS NPs for precision targeted therapy of IBD.After oral administration,SC can effectively protect NPs through the rugged gastrointestinal environment and exhibit excellent intestinal mucus penetration characteristics.Moreover,the negatively-charged Cur/COS/SC NPs specifically target positivelycharged inflamed colon via electrostatic interactions.It is demonstrated that Cur/COS/SC NPs can promote the expression of tight junction proteins,inhibit aberrant activation of the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88/nuclear factor-κB(TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB)signaling pathway,and downregulate the levels of pro-inflammatory factors,exhibiting excellent anti-inflammatory effects.Notably,it is found that Cur/COS/SC NPs can significantly increase the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,and restore the homeostasis of gut microbiota by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and promoting probiotics.Hence,Cur/COS/SC NPs provide a safe,efficient,and feasible new strategy for IBD treatment.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat,with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.Despite the success of immunotherapy and targeted therapies for other cancers,these app...Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat,with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.Despite the success of immunotherapy and targeted therapies for other cancers,these approaches have not yet transformed the treatment landscape for pancreatic cancer.The unique tumor microenvironment(TME)of pancreatic cancer,characterized by dense fibrotic stroma and immunosuppressive myeloid cells,poses significant barriers to effective immunotherapy.Current research highlights the need for an in-depth understanding of the TME and the development of strategies to overcome its immunosuppressive properties.Recent studies have explored various immunotherapeutic approaches,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,cancer vaccines,and adoptive cell therapies,some of which have shown promising results in preclinical and early clinical trials.Furthermore,combining immunotherapy with traditional treatments,such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,has shown potential for enhancing antitumor efficacy,although targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer are still in their early stages and are being investigated for their ability to disrupt specific molecular pathways involved in tumor growth and survival.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer,discussing the current state of research,clinical outcomes,and future directions for improving patient prognosis.展开更多
Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade soft tissue malignancy characterized by a unique fusion gene known as SS18-SSX.The SS18-SSX fusion protein acts as an oncogenic driver of synovial sarcoma,and it has thus been commonly...Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade soft tissue malignancy characterized by a unique fusion gene known as SS18-SSX.The SS18-SSX fusion protein acts as an oncogenic driver of synovial sarcoma,and it has thus been commonly accepted that disruption of SS18-SSX function represents a therapeutic means of treating synovial sarcoma,but emerging evidence suggests that upon depletion of SS18-SSX,an anti-apoptotic signal surprisingly arises to protect synovial sarcoma cell survival.In this article,we discuss the controversial roles of SS18-SSX’s transcriptional activity in synovial sarcoma biology and outline a synergistic strategy for overcoming the resistance of synovial sarcoma cells to SS18-SSX targeted therapeutics.展开更多
Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized care.Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are des...Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized care.Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells,precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment(TME)and sparing normal cells.These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation,and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously.Despite these benefits,challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies.Cell-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer research.It covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies,including liposomes,micelles,protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles,as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages,T-lymphocytes,dendritic cells,viruses,bacterial ghosts,minicells,SimCells,and outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer cells.By detailing DDSs at different stages of development,from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments,this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due...Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due to the complex pathogenesis.Although OA mechanisms have been investigated on a large scale over the past decade,the OA pathology correlated with aging-associated changes is still largely unrevealed.Therefore,in-depth analysis of the aging microenvironment and aging-related molecular mechanisms in OA may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.In this review,we discuss the potential pathogenesis of OA in light of aging-associated changes and summarize three main components of the aging microenvironment of the OA joint:immune homeostatic imbalance,cellular senescence,and stem cell exhaustion,which could be induced by aging and further exacerbate OA progression.Additionally,it is emphasized that immune homeostatic imbalance appears before established OA,which occurs in the early stage and is the therapeutic window of opportunity for better clinical outcomes.Importantly,we evaluate recent therapeutic targets and promising interventions against these components,as well as the challenges and prospects for precise and individualized therapies of OA patients,which we believe would guide the construction of novel combined strategies targeting aging-related factors against OA for better treatments in the future.展开更多
This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by ...This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by highlighting the role of the liver in metabolism and discusses the high mortality associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The shortcomings of traditional chemotherapy, such as multidrug resistance and off-target effects, necessitate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, with a focus on targeted approaches. The review details both passive and active targeting strategies. Passive targeting leverages the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and unique features of the tumor microenvironment, while active targeting employs specific ligands, such as peptides, antibodies, and proteins, to bind to overexpressed receptors on liver and tumor cells. The article further details many examples of active targeting using the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), transferrin receptor (TfR), and folate receptor (FR) on hepatocytes and tumor cells, demonstrating that there has been significant research effort put into this field. The importance of non-parenchymal cells in the liver is also discussed, and the article examines methods of targeting Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells for therapeutic benefit. The review goes on to cover the emerging field of subcellular targeting, including specific strategies to target the nucleus, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus, noting that although there has been some progress, further research is needed in this area. The text finishes with a summary which acknowledges that while targeted therapies, including enzyme-activated prodrugs, such as Pradefovir, and other novel methods for drug delivery have shown significant promise, challenges remain in translating these therapies into clinical use due to limitations in understanding the sequential transport and the mechanisms of action. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the need for in-depth research to fully realize the potential of precision cancer therapies for liver cancer.展开更多
Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanol...Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanoliposomal delivery platforms-lipid bilayer vesicles on the nanometer scale-have attracted attention as an adaptive strategy to shield sensitive nutrients,navigate biological barriers,and deliver payloads directly to target tissues or even sub-cellular organelles.Despite a growing body of literature,a consolidated appraisal of design principles,targeting modalities,and translational hurdles is still needed to guide future nutraceutical innovation.We aim to:(1)Summarize the physicochemical foundations of nanoliposomal nutrient carriers;(2)Delineate state-of-the-art approaches for organ-specific and organelle-specific targeting,with particular emphasis on renal and mitochondrial delivery;(3)Evaluate current evidence supporting therapeutic benefits in cardiometabolic,neuroprotective,and renal-repair contexts;and(4)Map unresolved challenges-including manufacturing scale-up,cost,and regulatory oversight-to inform a roadmap for clinical translation.A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus through May 2025 using Boolean combinations of“nanoliposome”,“nutrient”,“targeted delivery”,“bioavailability”,and organ-specific terms(e.g.,“kidney”,“mitochondria”).Primary research articles,systematic reviews,and relevant meta-analyses written in English were included.Data were extracted on liposomal composition,particle size,surface modifications(e.g.,polyethylene glycol,ligand conjugation),in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution,efficacy outcomes,and safety profiles.Key design variables were mapped against reported biological performance to identify convergent principles.Sixty-four original studies and twenty-one reviews met inclusion criteria.Encapsulation within phosphatidylcholine-rich bilayers consistently enhanced nutrient stability in simulated gastric fluid and improved Caco-2 trans-epithelial transport two-fold to ten-fold compared with free compound controls.Ligand-mediated strategies-such as folate,lactoferrin,or peptide conjugation-achieved organ-specific accumulation,with kidney-directed liposomes demonstrating up to a four-fold increase in renal cortex uptake.Mitochondrial targeting using amphipathic peptides(e.g.,SS-31)or triphenylphosphonium moieties delivered antioxidant nutrients to the organelle,restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)in preclinical cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration models.Endosomal escape was most effectively triggered by fusogenic lipids(e.g.,dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)or pH-responsive polymers.PEGylation prolonged circulation half-life by 3-6 hours but elicited anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in approximately one-quarter of recipients;emerging natural sterol-mimetic or collagen-mimetic coatings showed comparable stealth behavior with superior biodegradability.Scalability remains limited:Only three studies reported pilot-scale(>10 L)batches with Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant reproducibility.Targeted nanoliposomal systems substantially improve nutrient stability,absorption,and tissue specificity,offering a credible route to transform supplement efficacy for cardiometabolic,renal,and neuroprotective indications.Optimization of lipid composition,escape mechanisms,and biocompatible surface chemistries can further enhance therapeutic indices.Nonetheless,industrial-scale manufacturing,cost containment,and immunogenicity mitigation remain critical obstacles.Addressing these gaps through standardized characterization protocols,head-to-head clinical trials,and biomaterial innovation will be essential to unlock the full potential of nanoliposomal nutraceuticals in routine healthcare practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Doctoral students often encounter mental health challenges,including stress,anxiety,depression,and sleep disorders.It is important to explore effective intervention methods to enhance their overall physical...BACKGROUND Doctoral students often encounter mental health challenges,including stress,anxiety,depression,and sleep disorders.It is important to explore effective intervention methods to enhance their overall physical and mental well-being.It is anticipated that targeted exercise will lead to a significant reduction in stress,anxiety,and depression levels as well as an improvement in sleep quality.AIM To assess the feasibility and potential benefits of both intervention models in enhancing the sleep quality of doctoral students while alleviating stress,anxiety,and depression.METHODS A retrospective analysis of health data from 64 doctoral students across three universities in Shenyang during the 2024-2025 academic year was conducted.The participants were divided into a targeted exercise group and a Tai Chi group.The study employed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale,Insomnia Severity Index,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,Perceived Stress Scale-10,Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7,and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to evaluate the impact of the two interventions on reducing stress,anxiety,depression,and sleep disorders.RESULTS The primary results of the study indicated that targeted exercise interventions are significantly effective in alleviating symptoms of anxiety,stress,and depression,as well as in improving sleep quality.Compared to Tai Chi interventions,this approach demonstrates greater durability of effects.Although the efficacy of targeted interventions may gradually diminish over time,the overall research findings suggest that targeted exercise remains a more effective therapeutic approach than Tai Chi interventions.CONCLUSION The impact of targeted exercise on stress,anxiety,depression,and sleep disorders was greater than that of Tai Chi,confirming the potential benefits for psychological health intervention for doctoral students.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix is a rare form of soft-tissue sarcoma predominantly affecting young women,with no established standard treatment protocol.CASE SUMMARY This report presents a case of a...BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix is a rare form of soft-tissue sarcoma predominantly affecting young women,with no established standard treatment protocol.CASE SUMMARY This report presents a case of a 17-year-old female patient presenting with in-termittent,non-cyclical vaginal bleeding and associated lower abdominal pain.Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and additional examinations led to the dia-gnosis of cervical rhabdomyosarcoma.The primary treatment options for uterine cervical rhabdomyosarcoma include surgery,with or without adjuvant chemo-therapy and radiotherapy.This patient underwent surgery followed by a posto-perative chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine combined with docetaxel and bevacizumab.After 19 months of follow-up,the patient showed no signs of re-currence and maintained good overall health.Given the rarity of cervix rhab-domyosarcoma,this case is presented to provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.CONCLUSION This suggests that bevacizumab may demonstrate potential efficacy in the treat-ment of cervical rhabdomyosarcoma.In the future,targeted therapy is expected to play an increasingly significant role in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma.展开更多
Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC), or Bellini duct carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for 0.2% - 1% of cases. It often presents at an advanced stage with nonspecific symptoms...Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC), or Bellini duct carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for 0.2% - 1% of cases. It often presents at an advanced stage with nonspecific symptoms, requiring histopathology for diagnosis. Surgery remains the standard of care for localized disease, serving both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, though adjuvant chemotherapy has shown limited efficacy. In metastatic CDC, the gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen is commonly used due to its resemblance to urothelial cancer and supportive data from prospective studies. Newer therapies offer promise in advanced cases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab alone or with ipilimumab, have shown benefits in patients with high PD-L1 expression. Targeted therapies like cabozantinib demonstrated efficacy and safety as first-line treatments in phase II trials, while sunitinib and sorafenib have shown responses in various case reports and cohorts. However, combining chemotherapy with bevacizumab did not improve outcomes in phase II trials. Despite therapeutic advances in urothelial cancers and clear cell renal tumors, the CDC entity remains a challenging malignancy, emphasizing the need for continued research to understand the true efficacy of treatment and to prolong survival in advanced disease.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignant tumors globally and is the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer,posing a heavy burden on global health.Surgical resection and liver transplantati...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignant tumors globally and is the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer,posing a heavy burden on global health.Surgical resection and liver transplantation are the gold standard for the radical treatment of HCC.However,due to the heterogeneity and high invasiveness of HCC,the rates of local and distant recurrence are extremely high,with over 70%of patients experiencing recurrence within 5 years after treatment,significantly impacting the long-term quality of life.Therefore,researchers are exploring other treatment methods to reduce tumor recurrence and improve patient survival.To date,extensive research has concentrated on new alternative therapies,including radiotherapy(e.g.,selective internal radiotherapy),targeted drug therapy(e.g.,sorafenib and lenvatinib),and immunotherapy(e.g.,immune checkpoint inhibitors),which have played an integral role in the comprehensive treatment of HCC.This review mainly focuses on the cutting-edge advancements in these treatment methods for HCC and their potential role in reducing HCC recurrence.展开更多
Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer notorious for its resistance to chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy,which greatly impacts its lethality.The hedgehog(HH)signaling cascade,originally known for its ...Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer notorious for its resistance to chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy,which greatly impacts its lethality.The hedgehog(HH)signaling cascade,originally known for its roles in embryonic development,regulates growth,proliferation and cancer stem cell(CSC)self-renewal.The glioma-associated oncogene homolog(GLI)transcription factors play crucial roles in melanoma.However,oncogenic B-Raf proto-oncogene,serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)steals the spotlight by driving the aberrant activation of HH-GLI1/2 signaling.Oncogenic BRAF-driven HH-GLI1/2 signaling imparts invasive phenotype to melanoma cells and sustains CSC self-renewal.Interestingly,the transcriptional activities of GLI1 and GLI2 are suppressed by acetylation,a process that is counteracted by the deacetylating actions of histone deacetylase(HDAC)1/2.Therefore,inhibiting HDAC1/2 might keep GLI proteins in inactive acetylated form,thus representing an attractive druggable target.Notably,both HDAC1 and HDAC2 are induced by HH signaling,creating a positive feedback loop where HH signaling upregulates the expression of both HDAC1 and HDAC2.Selective inhibition of BRAF/HH/HDAC/GLI signaling axis is likely to unravel new therapeutic opportunities in melanoma.However,the precise contribution of oncogenic BRAF-driven HH signaling to therapy resistance and CSC renewal remains unclear and requires thorough investigation.In this article,we endeavored to explore the crosstalk between oncogenic BRAF and HH signaling,and the pivotal role this interaction plays in the self-renewal of melanoma stem cells.A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions is essential for improving melanoma treatment strategies and identifying new therapeutic targets.展开更多
基金partly supported by the Yan’an University Qin Chuanyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Special Fund,No.2023KXJ-012(to YL)Yan’an University Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Fund,No.2023CGZH-001(to YL)+2 种基金College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,Nos.D2023158,202410719056(to XS,JM)Yan’an University Production and Cultivation Project,No.CXY202001(to YL)Kweichow Moutai Hospital Research and Talent Development Fund Project,No.MTyk2022-25(to XO)。
文摘The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.
文摘A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.
文摘We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precision sampling strategy based on prostate cancer’s spatial distribution,aligning with personalized diagnosis trends.
文摘Food-grade biopolymers and nanotechnology have been increasingly used to revolutionize the delivery of bioactive compounds by enhancing stability,bioavailability,and controlled release.Within the scope of nanoencapsulation systems,this review explores food-derived polymers such as vicilin,zein,gluten,cruciferin,inulin,and others.These biopolymers are ideal since they encapsulate numerous functional compounds,such as vitamins,probiotics,essential oils,and polyphenols,because they are biocompatible,amphiphilic,and biodegradable.The specific physical and chemical properties of each polymer,extraction procedures,and nanoencapsulation techniques applied therein(e.g.,ionic gelation and spray drying)are described.The review highlights advanced targeting systems like pH-sensitive,magnetic delivery.Additional applications include those in synergistic nutraceutical systems,oral administration of vaccination,and intelligent food packaging.All these findings demonstrate that food polymers are increasingly more viable as functional nanocarriers by way of increasing bioactive delivery and the shifting requirements of personalized and health-based dietary regimes.
文摘Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373277).
文摘Delivery carriers serve as a highly efficient approach for precision nutrition and medicine;however,artificial delivery carriers are prone to triggering the immune response and have the disadvantages of poor stability and low bioavailability.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),nucleus-free biological particles composed of phospholipid bilayers secreted by living cells,are a new generation of targeted delivery carriers.In recent years,an increasing number of species have been reported to contain EVs.Among them,food-derived extracellular vesicles(FDEVs)show outstanding comprehensive properties.FDEVs are considered to have great application potential due to their wide range of sources,high yields,absence of human pathogenic pathogens,and ethical concerns.In this review,the preparation,nomenclature,physicochemical characteristics,and preservation methods of FDEVs are discussed,as well as their potential protein markers,bioactivities,and applications as novel targeted delivery carriers of FDEVs from animals,plants,and microorganisms.We also summarized the adverse consequences of FDEVs in current studies,and put forward the problems and challenges in the process of FDEVs research and commercialization.In short,the importance of FDEVs has been highlighted,and FDEVs have good application prospects as a new class of targeted delivery carriers.The current problems should be paid attention to and actively solved.
基金funded by School of Medical Sciences and Universiti Sains Malaysia。
文摘Breast cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality for women globally;therefore,further breakthroughs in treatment approaches are crucial.Palbociclib,ribociclib,and abemaciclib are among the Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6)inhibitors that have become an innovative family of targeted therapy for hormone receptor-positive,Human Epidermal Growth factor receptor 2(HR+/HER2-)breast cancer.These inhibitors work by preventing the action of CDK4/6,which are crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle.Leading cancer cells to cell cycle arrest and undergo apoptosis.When these inhibitors are used with endocrine medicines like letrozole and fulvestrant,clinical trials lead positive impact in progression-free survival and,in a few cases,complete survival.However,despite their effectiveness,resistance mechanisms are primary and current acquired problems,requiring combined approaches with additional targeted medicines and continuous investigation into innovative therapeutic plans.To maintain patient compliance and quality of life,common side effects such as tiredness,gastrointestinal problems,and neutropenia need to be effectively managed.There is hopefulness for wider oncological applications as next-generation CDK inhibitor development and adaptive clinical trials continue to test their potential beyond breast cancer.CDK4/6 inhibitors continue to be a key part of breast cancer treatment as cancer biology advances,marking a major advancement towards more potent and customized cancer medicines.This review aims to provide current evidence on CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2-breast cancer,highlighting their mechanisms,interaction with endocrine resistance,combination strategies,and emerging biomarkers guiding personalized therapy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(6252026)the Youth Innovation Program of CAAS(Y2024QC11)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program under Grant(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-IAR).
文摘The monofloral honey derived from Bauhinia championii(Benth.)Benth.(MH-Bc)possesses significant nutritional and bioactive value,making it highly suitable for commercial exploitation.However,the poorly defined characteristics and unknown composition have hindered MH-Bc product development.In this study,we employed a combination of untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry analyses to characterize MH-Bc honey.As a result,4,7,8-trimethoxydibenzo[b,d]furan-3-ol(TDBF)was identified as a robust chemical marker for distinguishing MH-Bc from other types of honey.This specific marker was detected in both MH-Bc and the Bc plant but was absent in other honey varieties.Furthermore,a targeted mass spectrometry quantitative method was developed and validated to accurately determine the content of TDBF in honey samples.Overall,the presence of TDBF serves as a discerning indicator for future commercial MH-Bc products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272847,82304417,82303529,82171333)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023TQ0307,2023M743231,2023M730971)+2 种基金Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(No.242102311204)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230675)Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University.
文摘Colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems are one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for alleviating and curing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),but they still face challenges in successfully passing through the harsh gastrointestinal environment and intestinal mucus barrier.To overcome the gastrointestinal barriers for oral drug delivery mentioned above,a“spore-like”oral nanodrug delivery platform(Cur/COS/SC NPs)has been developed.Firstly,chitooligosaccharides(COS)are encapsulated on the surface of Curcumin nanoparticles(Cur NPs)to form carrier-free nanoparticles(Cur/COS NPs).Subsequently,inspired by the natural high resistance of spore coat(SC),SC is chosen as the“protective umbrella”to encapsulate Cur/COS NPs for precision targeted therapy of IBD.After oral administration,SC can effectively protect NPs through the rugged gastrointestinal environment and exhibit excellent intestinal mucus penetration characteristics.Moreover,the negatively-charged Cur/COS/SC NPs specifically target positivelycharged inflamed colon via electrostatic interactions.It is demonstrated that Cur/COS/SC NPs can promote the expression of tight junction proteins,inhibit aberrant activation of the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88/nuclear factor-κB(TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB)signaling pathway,and downregulate the levels of pro-inflammatory factors,exhibiting excellent anti-inflammatory effects.Notably,it is found that Cur/COS/SC NPs can significantly increase the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,and restore the homeostasis of gut microbiota by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and promoting probiotics.Hence,Cur/COS/SC NPs provide a safe,efficient,and feasible new strategy for IBD treatment.
文摘Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat,with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.Despite the success of immunotherapy and targeted therapies for other cancers,these approaches have not yet transformed the treatment landscape for pancreatic cancer.The unique tumor microenvironment(TME)of pancreatic cancer,characterized by dense fibrotic stroma and immunosuppressive myeloid cells,poses significant barriers to effective immunotherapy.Current research highlights the need for an in-depth understanding of the TME and the development of strategies to overcome its immunosuppressive properties.Recent studies have explored various immunotherapeutic approaches,including immune checkpoint inhibitors,cancer vaccines,and adoptive cell therapies,some of which have shown promising results in preclinical and early clinical trials.Furthermore,combining immunotherapy with traditional treatments,such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy,has shown potential for enhancing antitumor efficacy,although targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer are still in their early stages and are being investigated for their ability to disrupt specific molecular pathways involved in tumor growth and survival.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer,discussing the current state of research,clinical outcomes,and future directions for improving patient prognosis.
文摘Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade soft tissue malignancy characterized by a unique fusion gene known as SS18-SSX.The SS18-SSX fusion protein acts as an oncogenic driver of synovial sarcoma,and it has thus been commonly accepted that disruption of SS18-SSX function represents a therapeutic means of treating synovial sarcoma,but emerging evidence suggests that upon depletion of SS18-SSX,an anti-apoptotic signal surprisingly arises to protect synovial sarcoma cell survival.In this article,we discuss the controversial roles of SS18-SSX’s transcriptional activity in synovial sarcoma biology and outline a synergistic strategy for overcoming the resistance of synovial sarcoma cells to SS18-SSX targeted therapeutics.
文摘Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision,effectiveness,and safety,improving patient outcomes and personalized care.Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells,precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment(TME)and sparing normal cells.These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation,and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously.Despite these benefits,challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies.Cell-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between ligands and receptors have shown promise in selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various nanoparticle and cell-based drug delivery system types used in cancer research.It covers approved and experimental nanoparticle therapies,including liposomes,micelles,protein-based and polymeric nanoparticles,as well as cell-based DDSs like macrophages,T-lymphocytes,dendritic cells,viruses,bacterial ghosts,minicells,SimCells,and outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The review also explains the role of TME and its impact on developing smart DDSs in combination therapies and integrating nanoparticles with cell-based systems for targeting cancer cells.By detailing DDSs at different stages of development,from laboratory research to clinical trials and approved treatments,this review provides the latest insights and a collection of valuable citations of the innovative strategies that can be improved for the precise treatment of cancer.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370892)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23141901200)+3 种基金Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(24ZR1450100)Health Commission of Shanghai Municipality(2022JC029)Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute Cooperative Research Project,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine(2022LHA11)Talent-Introduction Program of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine(2022YJRC05).
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is one of the most common degenerative and age-related diseases in joints,which affects 654 million people worldwide.Current therapies could not fundamentally reverse the pathologic process of OA due to the complex pathogenesis.Although OA mechanisms have been investigated on a large scale over the past decade,the OA pathology correlated with aging-associated changes is still largely unrevealed.Therefore,in-depth analysis of the aging microenvironment and aging-related molecular mechanisms in OA may offer additional strategies for clinical prevention and treatment.In this review,we discuss the potential pathogenesis of OA in light of aging-associated changes and summarize three main components of the aging microenvironment of the OA joint:immune homeostatic imbalance,cellular senescence,and stem cell exhaustion,which could be induced by aging and further exacerbate OA progression.Additionally,it is emphasized that immune homeostatic imbalance appears before established OA,which occurs in the early stage and is the therapeutic window of opportunity for better clinical outcomes.Importantly,we evaluate recent therapeutic targets and promising interventions against these components,as well as the challenges and prospects for precise and individualized therapies of OA patients,which we believe would guide the construction of novel combined strategies targeting aging-related factors against OA for better treatments in the future.
文摘This article provides a comprehensive review of various approaches to targeted drug delivery for liver cancer, an area of significant need due to the limited effectiveness of current treatments. The article begins by highlighting the role of the liver in metabolism and discusses the high mortality associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The shortcomings of traditional chemotherapy, such as multidrug resistance and off-target effects, necessitate the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, with a focus on targeted approaches. The review details both passive and active targeting strategies. Passive targeting leverages the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and unique features of the tumor microenvironment, while active targeting employs specific ligands, such as peptides, antibodies, and proteins, to bind to overexpressed receptors on liver and tumor cells. The article further details many examples of active targeting using the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), transferrin receptor (TfR), and folate receptor (FR) on hepatocytes and tumor cells, demonstrating that there has been significant research effort put into this field. The importance of non-parenchymal cells in the liver is also discussed, and the article examines methods of targeting Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells for therapeutic benefit. The review goes on to cover the emerging field of subcellular targeting, including specific strategies to target the nucleus, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus, noting that although there has been some progress, further research is needed in this area. The text finishes with a summary which acknowledges that while targeted therapies, including enzyme-activated prodrugs, such as Pradefovir, and other novel methods for drug delivery have shown significant promise, challenges remain in translating these therapies into clinical use due to limitations in understanding the sequential transport and the mechanisms of action. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the need for in-depth research to fully realize the potential of precision cancer therapies for liver cancer.
文摘Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanoliposomal delivery platforms-lipid bilayer vesicles on the nanometer scale-have attracted attention as an adaptive strategy to shield sensitive nutrients,navigate biological barriers,and deliver payloads directly to target tissues or even sub-cellular organelles.Despite a growing body of literature,a consolidated appraisal of design principles,targeting modalities,and translational hurdles is still needed to guide future nutraceutical innovation.We aim to:(1)Summarize the physicochemical foundations of nanoliposomal nutrient carriers;(2)Delineate state-of-the-art approaches for organ-specific and organelle-specific targeting,with particular emphasis on renal and mitochondrial delivery;(3)Evaluate current evidence supporting therapeutic benefits in cardiometabolic,neuroprotective,and renal-repair contexts;and(4)Map unresolved challenges-including manufacturing scale-up,cost,and regulatory oversight-to inform a roadmap for clinical translation.A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus through May 2025 using Boolean combinations of“nanoliposome”,“nutrient”,“targeted delivery”,“bioavailability”,and organ-specific terms(e.g.,“kidney”,“mitochondria”).Primary research articles,systematic reviews,and relevant meta-analyses written in English were included.Data were extracted on liposomal composition,particle size,surface modifications(e.g.,polyethylene glycol,ligand conjugation),in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution,efficacy outcomes,and safety profiles.Key design variables were mapped against reported biological performance to identify convergent principles.Sixty-four original studies and twenty-one reviews met inclusion criteria.Encapsulation within phosphatidylcholine-rich bilayers consistently enhanced nutrient stability in simulated gastric fluid and improved Caco-2 trans-epithelial transport two-fold to ten-fold compared with free compound controls.Ligand-mediated strategies-such as folate,lactoferrin,or peptide conjugation-achieved organ-specific accumulation,with kidney-directed liposomes demonstrating up to a four-fold increase in renal cortex uptake.Mitochondrial targeting using amphipathic peptides(e.g.,SS-31)or triphenylphosphonium moieties delivered antioxidant nutrients to the organelle,restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)in preclinical cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration models.Endosomal escape was most effectively triggered by fusogenic lipids(e.g.,dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)or pH-responsive polymers.PEGylation prolonged circulation half-life by 3-6 hours but elicited anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in approximately one-quarter of recipients;emerging natural sterol-mimetic or collagen-mimetic coatings showed comparable stealth behavior with superior biodegradability.Scalability remains limited:Only three studies reported pilot-scale(>10 L)batches with Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant reproducibility.Targeted nanoliposomal systems substantially improve nutrient stability,absorption,and tissue specificity,offering a credible route to transform supplement efficacy for cardiometabolic,renal,and neuroprotective indications.Optimization of lipid composition,escape mechanisms,and biocompatible surface chemistries can further enhance therapeutic indices.Nonetheless,industrial-scale manufacturing,cost containment,and immunogenicity mitigation remain critical obstacles.Addressing these gaps through standardized characterization protocols,head-to-head clinical trials,and biomaterial innovation will be essential to unlock the full potential of nanoliposomal nutraceuticals in routine healthcare practice.
基金Supported by the Key Think Tank Research Project of the Shaanxi Federation of Social Sciences,No.2023ZD1080。
文摘BACKGROUND Doctoral students often encounter mental health challenges,including stress,anxiety,depression,and sleep disorders.It is important to explore effective intervention methods to enhance their overall physical and mental well-being.It is anticipated that targeted exercise will lead to a significant reduction in stress,anxiety,and depression levels as well as an improvement in sleep quality.AIM To assess the feasibility and potential benefits of both intervention models in enhancing the sleep quality of doctoral students while alleviating stress,anxiety,and depression.METHODS A retrospective analysis of health data from 64 doctoral students across three universities in Shenyang during the 2024-2025 academic year was conducted.The participants were divided into a targeted exercise group and a Tai Chi group.The study employed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale,Insomnia Severity Index,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,Perceived Stress Scale-10,Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7,and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to evaluate the impact of the two interventions on reducing stress,anxiety,depression,and sleep disorders.RESULTS The primary results of the study indicated that targeted exercise interventions are significantly effective in alleviating symptoms of anxiety,stress,and depression,as well as in improving sleep quality.Compared to Tai Chi interventions,this approach demonstrates greater durability of effects.Although the efficacy of targeted interventions may gradually diminish over time,the overall research findings suggest that targeted exercise remains a more effective therapeutic approach than Tai Chi interventions.CONCLUSION The impact of targeted exercise on stress,anxiety,depression,and sleep disorders was greater than that of Tai Chi,confirming the potential benefits for psychological health intervention for doctoral students.
文摘BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix is a rare form of soft-tissue sarcoma predominantly affecting young women,with no established standard treatment protocol.CASE SUMMARY This report presents a case of a 17-year-old female patient presenting with in-termittent,non-cyclical vaginal bleeding and associated lower abdominal pain.Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and additional examinations led to the dia-gnosis of cervical rhabdomyosarcoma.The primary treatment options for uterine cervical rhabdomyosarcoma include surgery,with or without adjuvant chemo-therapy and radiotherapy.This patient underwent surgery followed by a posto-perative chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine combined with docetaxel and bevacizumab.After 19 months of follow-up,the patient showed no signs of re-currence and maintained good overall health.Given the rarity of cervix rhab-domyosarcoma,this case is presented to provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.CONCLUSION This suggests that bevacizumab may demonstrate potential efficacy in the treat-ment of cervical rhabdomyosarcoma.In the future,targeted therapy is expected to play an increasingly significant role in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma.
文摘Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC), or Bellini duct carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma, accounting for 0.2% - 1% of cases. It often presents at an advanced stage with nonspecific symptoms, requiring histopathology for diagnosis. Surgery remains the standard of care for localized disease, serving both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, though adjuvant chemotherapy has shown limited efficacy. In metastatic CDC, the gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen is commonly used due to its resemblance to urothelial cancer and supportive data from prospective studies. Newer therapies offer promise in advanced cases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab alone or with ipilimumab, have shown benefits in patients with high PD-L1 expression. Targeted therapies like cabozantinib demonstrated efficacy and safety as first-line treatments in phase II trials, while sunitinib and sorafenib have shown responses in various case reports and cohorts. However, combining chemotherapy with bevacizumab did not improve outcomes in phase II trials. Despite therapeutic advances in urothelial cancers and clear cell renal tumors, the CDC entity remains a challenging malignancy, emphasizing the need for continued research to understand the true efficacy of treatment and to prolong survival in advanced disease.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270634Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University,No.tf2024yzyy01.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignant tumors globally and is the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer,posing a heavy burden on global health.Surgical resection and liver transplantation are the gold standard for the radical treatment of HCC.However,due to the heterogeneity and high invasiveness of HCC,the rates of local and distant recurrence are extremely high,with over 70%of patients experiencing recurrence within 5 years after treatment,significantly impacting the long-term quality of life.Therefore,researchers are exploring other treatment methods to reduce tumor recurrence and improve patient survival.To date,extensive research has concentrated on new alternative therapies,including radiotherapy(e.g.,selective internal radiotherapy),targeted drug therapy(e.g.,sorafenib and lenvatinib),and immunotherapy(e.g.,immune checkpoint inhibitors),which have played an integral role in the comprehensive treatment of HCC.This review mainly focuses on the cutting-edge advancements in these treatment methods for HCC and their potential role in reducing HCC recurrence.
基金Supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board,No.PDF/2016/002730.
文摘Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer notorious for its resistance to chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy,which greatly impacts its lethality.The hedgehog(HH)signaling cascade,originally known for its roles in embryonic development,regulates growth,proliferation and cancer stem cell(CSC)self-renewal.The glioma-associated oncogene homolog(GLI)transcription factors play crucial roles in melanoma.However,oncogenic B-Raf proto-oncogene,serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)steals the spotlight by driving the aberrant activation of HH-GLI1/2 signaling.Oncogenic BRAF-driven HH-GLI1/2 signaling imparts invasive phenotype to melanoma cells and sustains CSC self-renewal.Interestingly,the transcriptional activities of GLI1 and GLI2 are suppressed by acetylation,a process that is counteracted by the deacetylating actions of histone deacetylase(HDAC)1/2.Therefore,inhibiting HDAC1/2 might keep GLI proteins in inactive acetylated form,thus representing an attractive druggable target.Notably,both HDAC1 and HDAC2 are induced by HH signaling,creating a positive feedback loop where HH signaling upregulates the expression of both HDAC1 and HDAC2.Selective inhibition of BRAF/HH/HDAC/GLI signaling axis is likely to unravel new therapeutic opportunities in melanoma.However,the precise contribution of oncogenic BRAF-driven HH signaling to therapy resistance and CSC renewal remains unclear and requires thorough investigation.In this article,we endeavored to explore the crosstalk between oncogenic BRAF and HH signaling,and the pivotal role this interaction plays in the self-renewal of melanoma stem cells.A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions is essential for improving melanoma treatment strategies and identifying new therapeutic targets.
