Background: Diabetes education is crucial in empowering persons with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and their families to properly manage the condition by providing comprehensive knowledge, tools, and support. It boosts one’...Background: Diabetes education is crucial in empowering persons with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and their families to properly manage the condition by providing comprehensive knowledge, tools, and support. It boosts one’s belief in their ability to succeed, encourages following medical advice, and adds to the general enhancement of health. Objective: This study is to investigate the effectiveness of diabetes education in empowering individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and their families to effectively manage the condition. Furthermore, it strives to improve nursing care for families whose children have been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Design: This research study investigates the efficacy of diabetes education in empowering individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and their families to effectively handle the condition. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted between the years 2000 and 2022, utilizing the Medline and Google Scholar databases. The purpose of the search was to uncover relevant papers pertaining to diabetes education, management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), nurse care, and empowerment. The search focused on peer-reviewed research, clinical trials, and scholarly articles that evaluated the efficacy of diabetes education in empowering individuals and families. Results: Diabetes education is crucial for understanding and controlling T1DM. It includes personalized sessions, webinars, group classes, and clinics that provide customized therapies. Comprehensive education enhances glycemic control and family dynamics. Nevertheless, the implementation of diabetes education for families requires specific standards, especially in the field of nursing. Conclusion: Diabetes education is essential for effectively managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), providing patients and families with crucial knowledge, resources, and confidence. It encourages independence in-home care and provides explicit guidelines for diabetic nurses to improve nursing care.展开更多
Autoreactive CD8^(+)T cells play a key role in type 1 diabetes(T1D),but the antigen spectrum that activates autoreactive CD8^(+)T cells remains unclear.Endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)has been implicated inβ-cell au...Autoreactive CD8^(+)T cells play a key role in type 1 diabetes(T1D),but the antigen spectrum that activates autoreactive CD8^(+)T cells remains unclear.Endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)has been implicated inβ-cell autoantigen generation.Here,we analyzed the major histocompatibility complex class I(MHC-I)-associated immunopeptidome(MIP)of isletβ-cells under steady and ERS conditions and found that ERS reshaped the MIP ofβ-cells and promoted the MHC-I presentation of a panel of conventional self-peptides.Among them,OTUB2_(58-66 ) showed immunodominance,and the corresponding autoreactive CD8^(+)T cells were diabetogenic in nonobese diabetic(NOD)mice.High glucose intake upregulated pancreatic OTUB2 expression and amplified the OTUB2_(58-66 )-specific CD8^(+)T-cell response in NOD mice.Repeated OTUB2_(58-66 )administration significantly reduced the incidence of T1D in NOD mice.Interestingly,peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from patients with T1D,but not from healthy controls,showed a positive IFN-γresponse to human OTUB2 peptides.This study provides not only a new explanation for the role of ERS in promotingβ-cell-targeted autoimmunity but also a potential target for the prevention and treatment of T1D.The data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD041227.展开更多
The precise etiology and reasons for the increase in incidence of autoimmune disorders still remain unclear, and although both genetic and environmental factors have been proven to shape individual predisposition, it ...The precise etiology and reasons for the increase in incidence of autoimmune disorders still remain unclear, and although both genetic and environmental factors have been proven to shape individual predisposition, it is not known which of the factors, if not both, is responsible for the boom observed during the last decades. In order to establish whether a higher frequency of autoimmune-predisposing alleles may explain this increase we took advantage of ancient DNA methodology to establish the genetic predisposition, conferred by cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 （CTLA4） ＋49A/G and human leukocyte antigens （HLA） DQBI^57, in population inhabiting Poland in the Middle Ages. After successful typing of 42 individuals from a 12th-14th＇s century archeological burial site, we found that frequencies of the predisposing alleles in the medieval population were higher than they are at present, suggesting thus that the recently observed incidence increase results most probably from factors of other than genetic nature.展开更多
文摘Background: Diabetes education is crucial in empowering persons with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and their families to properly manage the condition by providing comprehensive knowledge, tools, and support. It boosts one’s belief in their ability to succeed, encourages following medical advice, and adds to the general enhancement of health. Objective: This study is to investigate the effectiveness of diabetes education in empowering individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and their families to effectively manage the condition. Furthermore, it strives to improve nursing care for families whose children have been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Design: This research study investigates the efficacy of diabetes education in empowering individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and their families to effectively handle the condition. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted between the years 2000 and 2022, utilizing the Medline and Google Scholar databases. The purpose of the search was to uncover relevant papers pertaining to diabetes education, management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), nurse care, and empowerment. The search focused on peer-reviewed research, clinical trials, and scholarly articles that evaluated the efficacy of diabetes education in empowering individuals and families. Results: Diabetes education is crucial for understanding and controlling T1DM. It includes personalized sessions, webinars, group classes, and clinics that provide customized therapies. Comprehensive education enhances glycemic control and family dynamics. Nevertheless, the implementation of diabetes education for families requires specific standards, especially in the field of nursing. Conclusion: Diabetes education is essential for effectively managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), providing patients and families with crucial knowledge, resources, and confidence. It encourages independence in-home care and provides explicit guidelines for diabetic nurses to improve nursing care.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071825 and No.81871301)National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFA0502204)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Fund(ZR2023MH201).
文摘Autoreactive CD8^(+)T cells play a key role in type 1 diabetes(T1D),but the antigen spectrum that activates autoreactive CD8^(+)T cells remains unclear.Endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)has been implicated inβ-cell autoantigen generation.Here,we analyzed the major histocompatibility complex class I(MHC-I)-associated immunopeptidome(MIP)of isletβ-cells under steady and ERS conditions and found that ERS reshaped the MIP ofβ-cells and promoted the MHC-I presentation of a panel of conventional self-peptides.Among them,OTUB2_(58-66 ) showed immunodominance,and the corresponding autoreactive CD8^(+)T cells were diabetogenic in nonobese diabetic(NOD)mice.High glucose intake upregulated pancreatic OTUB2 expression and amplified the OTUB2_(58-66 )-specific CD8^(+)T-cell response in NOD mice.Repeated OTUB2_(58-66 )administration significantly reduced the incidence of T1D in NOD mice.Interestingly,peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from patients with T1D,but not from healthy controls,showed a positive IFN-γresponse to human OTUB2 peptides.This study provides not only a new explanation for the role of ERS in promotingβ-cell-targeted autoimmunity but also a potential target for the prevention and treatment of T1D.The data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD041227.
文摘目的探索人工智能辅助压缩感知(artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing,ACS)技术加速颅内血管壁高分辨率三维T1加权黑血成像(three-dimensional T1-weighted black blood imaging,3D T1_HRVWI)的可行性,并与临床常规采用的并行采集技术(parallel imaging,PI)进行对比分析。方法前瞻性纳入47例脑血管疾病患者,行ACS加速(实验组)和PI加速(对照组)的3D T1_HRVWI扫描。客观比较ACS组和PI组的序列扫描时长、图像中血管壁的信噪比以及相对于血管腔的对比噪声比,主观评估两组图像总体质量、颅内血管显示情况及病灶诊断价值,并进行统计分析。结果相较于PI 3D T1_HRVWI,ACS 3D T1_HRVWI的扫描时长缩短43%;ACS 3D T1_HRVWI图像中颈内动脉、基底动脉、椎动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉血管壁的信噪比均显著升高(P<0.001);两组图像的总体质量评分和颅内血管的显示评分均未见显著差异(P>0.05);两组图像的病灶诊断价值相当(P>0.05)。结论ACS技术实现了3D T1_HRVWI序列更快的采集速度,同时保持了较好的成像质量,为开发兼顾扫描效率与诊断精度的脑血管影像扫描方案提供了循证依据,在脑血管疾病的精准诊断中展现出重要价值。
基金Project (No. 3 P05E 055 25) supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Poland
文摘The precise etiology and reasons for the increase in incidence of autoimmune disorders still remain unclear, and although both genetic and environmental factors have been proven to shape individual predisposition, it is not known which of the factors, if not both, is responsible for the boom observed during the last decades. In order to establish whether a higher frequency of autoimmune-predisposing alleles may explain this increase we took advantage of ancient DNA methodology to establish the genetic predisposition, conferred by cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 （CTLA4） ＋49A/G and human leukocyte antigens （HLA） DQBI^57, in population inhabiting Poland in the Middle Ages. After successful typing of 42 individuals from a 12th-14th＇s century archeological burial site, we found that frequencies of the predisposing alleles in the medieval population were higher than they are at present, suggesting thus that the recently observed incidence increase results most probably from factors of other than genetic nature.
