Lightweight nodes are crucial for blockchain scalability,but verifying the availability of complete block data puts significant strain on bandwidth and latency.Existing data availability sampling(DAS)schemes either re...Lightweight nodes are crucial for blockchain scalability,but verifying the availability of complete block data puts significant strain on bandwidth and latency.Existing data availability sampling(DAS)schemes either require trusted setups or suffer from high communication overhead and low verification efficiency.This paper presents ISTIRDA,a DAS scheme that lets light clients certify availability by sampling small random codeword symbols.Built on ISTIR,an improved Reed–Solomon interactive oracle proof of proximity,ISTIRDA combines adaptive folding with dynamic code rate adjustment to preserve soundness while lowering communication.This paper formalizes opening consistency and prove security with bounded error in the random oracle model,giving polylogarithmic verifier queries and no trusted setup.In a prototype compared with FRIDA under equal soundness,ISTIRDA reduces communication by 40.65%to 80%.For data larger than 16 MB,ISTIRDA verifies faster and the advantage widens;at 128 MB,proofs are about 60%smaller and verification time is roughly 25%shorter,while prover overhead remains modest.In peer-to-peer emulation under injected latency and loss,ISTIRDA reaches confidence more quickly and is less sensitive to packet loss and load.These results indicate that ISTIRDA is a scalable and provably secure DAS scheme suitable for high-throughput,large-block public blockchains,substantially easing bandwidth and latency pressure on lightweight nodes.展开更多
BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning ofte...BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning often fail to capture the sparse and diagnostically critical features of metastatic potential.AIM To develop and validate a case-level multiple-instance learning(MIL)framework mimicking a pathologist's comprehensive review and improve T3/T4 CRC LNM prediction.METHODS The whole-slide images of 130 patients with T3/T4 CRC were retrospectively collected.A case-level MIL framework utilising the CONCH v1.5 and UNI2-h deep learning models was trained on features from all haematoxylin and eosinstained primary tumour slides for each patient.These pathological features were subsequently integrated with clinical data,and model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS The case-level framework demonstrated superior LNM prediction over slide-level training,with the CONCH v1.5 model achieving a mean AUC(±SD)of 0.899±0.033 vs 0.814±0.083,respectively.Integrating pathology features with clinical data further enhanced performance,yielding a top model with a mean AUC of 0.904±0.047,in sharp contrast to a clinical-only model(mean AUC 0.584±0.084).Crucially,a pathologist’s review confirmed that the model-identified high-attention regions correspond to known high-risk histopathological features.CONCLUSION A case-level MIL framework provides a superior approach for predicting LNM in advanced CRC.This method shows promise for risk stratification and therapy decisions,requiring further validation.展开更多
Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relati...Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relationships among nodes.This paper proposes a novel graph coupling convolutional model that introduces an adaptive weighting mechanism to assign distinct importance to neighboring nodes based on their similarity to the central node.Unlike traditional methods,the proposed coupling strategy enhances the interpretability of node interactions while maintaining competitive classification performance.The model operates in the spatial domain,utilizing adjacency list structures for efficient convolution and addressing the limitations of weight sharing through a coupling-based similarity computation.Extensive experiments are conducted on five graph-structured datasets,including Cora,Citeseer,PubMed,Reddit,and BlogCatalog,as well as a custom topology dataset constructed from the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset(OULAD)educational platform.Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves good classification accuracy,while significantly reducing training time through direct second-order neighbor fusion and data preprocessing.Moreover,analysis of neighborhood order reveals that considering third-order neighbors offers limited accuracy gains but introduces considerable computational overhead,confirming the efficiency of first-and second-order convolution in practical applications.Overall,the proposed graph coupling model offers a lightweight,interpretable,and effective framework for multi-label node classification in complex networks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early screening,preoperative staging,and diagnosis of lymph node metastasis are crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer(GC).AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined multidetector compu...BACKGROUND Early screening,preoperative staging,and diagnosis of lymph node metastasis are crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer(GC).AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined multidetector computed tomography(MDCT)and gastrointestinal endoscopy for GC screening,preoperative staging,and lymph node metastasis detection,thereby providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS In this retrospective study clinical and imaging data of 134 patients with suspected GC who were admitted between January 2023 and October 2024 were initially reviewed.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,102 patients were finally enrolled in the analysis.All enrolled patients had undergone both MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy examinations prior to surgical intervention.Preoperative clinical staging and lymph node metastasis findings were compared with pathological results.RESULTS The combined use of MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 98.53%,specificity of 97.06%,accuracy of 98.04%,positive predictive value of 98.53%,and negative predictive value of 97.06%for diagnosing GC.These factors were all significantly higher than those of MDCT or endoscopy alone(P<0.05).The accuracy rates of the combined approach for detecting clinical T and N stages were 97.06%and 92.65%,respectively,outperforming MDCT alone(86.76% and 79.41%)and endoscopy alone(85.29% and 70.59%)(P<0.05).Among 68 patients with confirmed GC,50(73.53%)were pathologically diagnosed with lymph node metastasis.The accuracy for detecting lymph node metastasis was 66.00%with endoscopy,76.00%with MDCT,and 92.00% with the combined approach,all with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined application of MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy enhanced diagnostic accuracy for GC,provided greater consistency in preoperative staging,and improved the detection of lymph node metastasis,thereby demonstrating significant clinical utility.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the long-term prognosis and postoperative cosmetic outcomes of breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer,providing a referen...Objective:To investigate the long-term prognosis and postoperative cosmetic outcomes of breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer,providing a reference for the selection of clinical treatment plans.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 68 patients with early-stage breast cancer admitted from January 2022 to December 2025.Based on the surgical approach,patients were divided into an observation group(breast-conserving surgery+sentinel lymph node biopsy)and a control group(other surgical methods such as modified radical mastectomy/total mastectomy).Clinical and pathological characteristics,incidence of postoperative complications,follow-up prognosis,and satisfaction with cosmetic outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:Among the 68 patients,41 were in the observation group and 27 in the control group.The average age of patients in the observation group was(54.32±8.15)years,while that in the control group was(62.45±9.76)years.The average tumor size in the observation group was(1.86±0.72)cm,compared to(3.21±1.45)cm in the control group.The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 9.76%,significantly lower than that in the control group at 33.33%(P<0.05).The 6-month disease-free survival rate was 95.12%in the observation group and 88.89%in the control group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The excellent and good rate of cosmetic outcomes in the observation group was 87.80%,significantly higher than that in the control group at 29.63%(P<0.05).Conclusion:Breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy for early-stage breast cancer can achieve long-term prognostic outcomes comparable to those of traditional radical surgery,with the advantages of fewer postoperative complications and superior cosmetic results.This approach is worthy of clinical promotion and application,particularly for early-stage breast cancer patients who have a demand for preserving breast morphology.展开更多
Early-stage gastric cancer;Extent of lymph node dissection;D1 dissection;D2 dissection;Recurrence rate;Survival rateObjective:To investigate the impact of different lymph node dissection scopes on postoperative recurr...Early-stage gastric cancer;Extent of lymph node dissection;D1 dissection;D2 dissection;Recurrence rate;Survival rateObjective:To investigate the impact of different lymph node dissection scopes on postoperative recurrence and survival rates in patients with early gastric cancer,providing evidence-based support for optimizing clinical surgical plans.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 100 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023.Patients were divided into Group D1(n=50)and Group D2(n=50)based on the extent of lymph node dissection.Group D1 underwent limited lymph node dissection(dissection of the first station of lymph nodes around the stomach),while Group D2 underwent standard lymph node dissection(dissection of the first and second stations of lymph nodes around the stomach).Surgical-related indicators,the incidence of postoperative complications,the 2-year recurrence rate,and the 2-year survival rate were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,and the number of lymph nodes dissected were significantly higher in the D2 group than in the D1 group(all P<0.001).The overall incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group,but the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.884,P=0.766).After a 2-year follow-up,the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group(χ^(2)=4.000,P=0.046).The 2-year survival rate was significantly lower in the D1 group than in the D2 group(χ^(2)=5.005,P=0.025).A total of 100 patients with early-stage gastric cancer were grouped according to the depth of invasion,degree of differentiation,and lymph node metastasis status,and the recurrence rates of different subgroups were compared.The results showed that the recurrence rate was higher in patients with T1b stage than in those with T1a stage(χ^(2)=5.005,P=0.025),higher in poorly differentiated patients than in moderately and well-differentiated patients(χ^(2)=4.155,P=0.042),and higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis(χ^(2)=4.512,P=0.034).Conclusion:Compared with D1 limited lymph node dissection,D2 standard lymph node dissection can significantly reduce the postoperative recurrence rate and improve the 2-year survival rate in patients with early-stage gastric cancer without significantly increasing the risk of postoperative complications.Although the surgical trauma is slightly greater,the overall prognosis is better,making it a preferred surgical treatment option for patients with early-stage gastric cancer.展开更多
In order to study influences of geometric parameters on the T-shaped components local loading process, a new mathematical model considering the fillet radius and draft angle was established by using the slab method. T...In order to study influences of geometric parameters on the T-shaped components local loading process, a new mathematical model considering the fillet radius and draft angle was established by using the slab method. The results obtained by the mathematical model agree with the data form experiment and numerical simulation, and the results are closer to the experimental and simulation results. The influence of draft angle may be neglected under the forming conditions used. The influence of fillet radius is notable, especially in the case that the ratio of fillet radius to rib width is less than 0.75.展开更多
A self-aligned InP/GalnAs single heterojunction bipolar transistor（HBT） is investigated using a novel T-shaped emitter. A U-shaped emitter layout,selective wet etching,laterally etched undercut, and an air-bridge ar...A self-aligned InP/GalnAs single heterojunction bipolar transistor（HBT） is investigated using a novel T-shaped emitter. A U-shaped emitter layout,selective wet etching,laterally etched undercut, and an air-bridge are applied in this process. The device, which has a 2μm×12μm U-shaped emitter area,demonstrates a common-emitter DC current gain of 170,an offset voltage of 0.2V,a knee voltage of 0.5V, and an open-base breakdown voltage of over 2V. The HBT exhibits good microwave performance with a current gain cutoff frequency of 85GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency of 72GHz, These results indicate that these InP/InGaAs SHBTs are suitable for low-voltage,low-power,and high-frequency applications.展开更多
This study examines the design provisions of the Chinese GB 50011-2010 code for seismic design of buildings for the special boundary elements of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and proposes an improved design metho...This study examines the design provisions of the Chinese GB 50011-2010 code for seismic design of buildings for the special boundary elements of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and proposes an improved design method. Comparison of the design provisions of the GB 50011-2010 code and those of the American code ACI 318-14 indicates a possible deficiency in the T-shaped wall design provisions in GB 50011-2010. A case study of a typical T-shaped wall designed in accordance with GB 50011-2010 also indicates the insufficient extent of the boundary element at the non-flange end and overly conservative design of the flange end boundary element. Improved designs for special boundary elements ofT-shaped walls are developed using a displacement-based method. The proposed design formulas produce a longer boundary element at the non-flange end and a shorter boundary element at the flange end, relative to those of the GB 50011-2010 provisions. Extensive numerical analysis indicates that T-shaped walls designed using the proposed formulas develop inelastic drift of 0.01 for both cases of the flange in compression and in tension.展开更多
Spur dike is one of the river training structures. This work presented a numerical simulation of flow field and three-dimensional velocity around a T-shaped spur dike located in bend using SSIIM model. The main object...Spur dike is one of the river training structures. This work presented a numerical simulation of flow field and three-dimensional velocity around a T-shaped spur dike located in bend using SSIIM model. The main objective of this work is to investigate the three-dimensional velocities and streamlines at transverse and longitudinal sections and plan views around the T-shaped spur dike in different submergence ratios(0, 5%, 15%, 25% and 50%). It is concluded that by increasing the submergence ratio from 5% to 50%, the maximum of scour is reduced; the maximum of longitudinal velocity increases by 7.7% and occurs at the water surface in spur dike axis. Near the bed, the maximum of vertical velocity occurs at the end of spur wing. By analyzing the streamlines at transverse sections, the followings were deduced for different submergence ratios: different dimensions and different positions of vortices around the spur dike.展开更多
An analytical procedure is presented to evaluate the fluid sloshing characteristics in a two-dimensional(2D)rectangular container with a bottom-mounted T-shaped baffle.The fluid region is divided into several sub-doma...An analytical procedure is presented to evaluate the fluid sloshing characteristics in a two-dimensional(2D)rectangular container with a bottom-mounted T-shaped baffle.The fluid region is divided into several sub-domains with hypothetical interfaces and the velocities and pressures of the fluid on adjacent interfaces should be identical.The separation of variables in conjunction with the superposition principle is employed to formulate the velocity potential of each sub-domain.The Fourier series expansion is used to derive the eigenvalue equation by substituting the velocity potential solutions into the free surface conditions and the continuity conditions on adjacent interfaces.Under the horizontal base excitation,the total velocity potential of fluid is decomposed of the impulsive and perturbed velocity potentials.The orthogonality of the sloshing modes is demonstrated by implementing Gauss formula.The dynamic response equation is established by incorporating the total velocity potential solution into the surface wave equation.Excellent agreements are achieved between the present results and those from the reported literature and finite element code.Numerical results are exhibited to reveal the effect of the baffle parameters and excitation frequency on sloshing characteristics and responses of liquid.展开更多
A novel A1GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） with a source-connected T-shaped field-plate （ST-FP HEMT） is proposed for the first time in this paper. The source-connected T-shaped field-plate （ST-FP...A novel A1GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） with a source-connected T-shaped field-plate （ST-FP HEMT） is proposed for the first time in this paper. The source-connected T-shaped field-plate （ST-FP） is composed of a source-connected field-plate （S-FP） and a trench metal. The physical intrinsic mechanisms of the ST-FP to improve the breakdown voltage and the FP efficiency and to modulate the distributions of channel electric field and potential are studied in detail by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations with Silvaco-ATLAS. A comparison to the HEMT and the HEMT with an S-FP （S-FP HEMT） shows that the ST-FP HEMT could achieve a broader and more uniform channel electric field distribution with the help of a trench metal, which could increase the breakdown voltage and the FP efficiency remarkably. In addition, the relationship between the structure of the ST-FP, the channel electric field, the breakdown voltage as well as the FP efficiency in ST-FP HEMT is analyzed. These results could open up a new effective method to fabricate high voltage power devices for the power electronic applications.展开更多
In this study, nonlinear static and dynamic responses of a microcantilever with a T-shaped tip mass excited by electrostatic actuations are investigated. The electrostatic force is generated by applying an electric vo...In this study, nonlinear static and dynamic responses of a microcantilever with a T-shaped tip mass excited by electrostatic actuations are investigated. The electrostatic force is generated by applying an electric voltage between the horizontal part of T-shaped tip mass and an opposite electrode plate. The cantilever microbeam is modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The T-shaped tip mass is assumed to be a rigid body and the nonlinear effect of electrostatic force is considered. An equation of motion and its associated boundary conditions are derived by the aid of combining the Hamilton principle and Newton’s method. An exact solution is obtained for static deflection and mode shape of vibration around the static position. The differential equation of nonlinear vibration around the static position is discretized using the Galerkin method. The system mode shapes are used as its related comparison functions. The discretized equations are solved by the perturbation theory in the neighborhood of primary and subharmonic resonances. In addition, effects of mass inertia, mass moment of inertia as well as rotation of the T-shaped mass, which were ignored in previous works, are considered in the analysis. It is shown that by increasing the length of the horizontal part of the T-shaped mass, the amount of static deflection increases, natural frequency decreases and nonlinear shift of the resonance frequency increases. It is concluded that attaching an electrode plate with a T-shaped configuration to the end of the cantilever microbeam results in a configuration with larger pull-in voltage and smaller nonlinear shift of the resonance frequency compared to the configuration in which the electrode plate is directly attached to it.展开更多
The study of the dynamic disaster mechanism of coal and gas outburst two-phase flow is crucial for improving disaster reduction and rescue ability of coal mine outburst accidents.An outburst test in a T-shaped roadway...The study of the dynamic disaster mechanism of coal and gas outburst two-phase flow is crucial for improving disaster reduction and rescue ability of coal mine outburst accidents.An outburst test in a T-shaped roadway was conducted using a self-developed large-scale outburst dynamic disaster test system.We investigated the release characteristics of main energy sources in coal seam,and obtained the dynamic characteristics of outburst two-phase flow in a roadway.Additionally,we established a formation model for outburst impact flow and a model for its flow in a bifurcated structure.The results indicate that the outburst process exhibits pulse characteristics,and the rapid destruction process of coal seam and the blocking state of gas flow are the main causes of the pulse phenomenon.The outburst energy is released in stages,and the elastic potential energy is released in the vertical direction before the horizontal direction.In a straight roadway,the impact force oscillates along the roadway.With an increase in the solid–gas ratio,the two-phase flow impact force gradually increases,and the disaster range extends from the middle of the roadway to the coal seam.In the area near the coal seam,the disaster caused by the two-phase flow impact is characterized by intermittent recovery.In a bifurcated roadway,the effect of impact airflow on impact dynamic disaster is much higher than that of two-phase flow,and the impact force tends to weaken with increasing solid-gas ratio.The impact force is asymmetrically distributed;it is higher on the left of the bifurcated roadway.With an increase in the solid-gas ratio,the static pressure rapidly decreases,and the bifurcated structure accelerates the attenuation of static pressure.Moreover,secondary acceleration is observed when the shock wave moves along the T-shaped roadway,indicating that the bifurcated structure increases the shock wave velocity.展开更多
A novel vertical InN/InGaN heterojunction tunnel FET with hetero T-shaped gate as well as polarization-doped source and drain region(InN-Hetero-TG-TFET)is proposed and investigated by Silvaco-Atlas simulations for the...A novel vertical InN/InGaN heterojunction tunnel FET with hetero T-shaped gate as well as polarization-doped source and drain region(InN-Hetero-TG-TFET)is proposed and investigated by Silvaco-Atlas simulations for the first time.Compared with the conventional physical doping TFET devices,the proposed device can realize the P-type source and N-type drain region by means of the polarization effect near the top InN/InGaN and bottom InGaN/InN heterojunctions respectively,which could provide an effective solution of random dopant fluctuation(RDF)and the related problems about the high thermal budget and expensive annealing techniques due to ion-implantation physical doping.Besides,due to the hetero T-shaped gate,the improvement of the on-state performance can be achieved in the proposed device.The simulations of the device proposed here in this work show ION of 4.45×10^(-5)A/μm,ION/IOFF ratio of 10^(13),and SS_(avg)of 7.5 mV/dec in InN-Hetero-TG-TFET,which are better than the counterparts of the device with a homo T-shaped gate(InN-Homo-TG-TFET)and our reported lateral polarization-induced InN-based TFET(PI-InN-TFET).These results can provide useful reference for further developing the TFETs without physical doping process in low power electronics applications.展开更多
This study aims at investigating the impact of using the Magnetorheological Elastomers(MREs)medium to improve the formability of T-shaped Inconel 718 tubes during the bulging process.Besides,the influence of the punch...This study aims at investigating the impact of using the Magnetorheological Elastomers(MREs)medium to improve the formability of T-shaped Inconel 718 tubes during the bulging process.Besides,the influence of the punch size and the intensity of the magnetic field on the branch height and wall thickness distribution of the T-shaped Inconel 718 tubes are also explored.The results showed that the parts formed by the punch with a length of 5 mm in the pressurization zone have better forming quality.The external magnetic field can promote a high branch,and by increasing the intensity of the magnetic field,the branch height was increased and then decreased.At the same time,the magnetic field reduced the amount of material accumulation between the guiding zone and the bulging zone.Besides,it promotes the material in the guiding zone to enter the bulging zone and improve the bulging ability of the T-shaped tube.展开更多
To automatically detect oil tanks in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images, a coastal oil tank detection method is proposed based on recognition of T-shaped harbor. First of all, the T-shaped harbor is d...To automatically detect oil tanks in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images, a coastal oil tank detection method is proposed based on recognition of T-shaped harbor. First of all, the T-shaped harbor is detected to locate the region of interest（ROI） of oil tanks. Then all suspicious targets in the ROI are extracted by the segmentation of strong scattering targets and the classifier of H/α. The template targets are selected from the suspicious targets by the combination of a proposed circular degree parameter and the similarity parameter（SP） of the polarimetric coherency matrix. Finally, oil tanks are detected according to the statistics of the similarity parameter between each suspicious target and template targets in ROI. Polarimetric SAR data acquired by RADARSAT-2 over Berkeley and Singapore areas are used for testing. Experiment results show that most of the targets are correctly detected and the overall detection rate is close to 80%.The false rate is effectively reduced by the proposed algorithm compared with the method without T-shaped harbor recognition.展开更多
The general solution of stresses is derived for a T-shaped junction of two thin plates with an adhesion crack. The plates are orthotropic. A shear force is applied on the crack surface. The analysis is based on the su...The general solution of stresses is derived for a T-shaped junction of two thin plates with an adhesion crack. The plates are orthotropic. A shear force is applied on the crack surface. The analysis is based on the supposition that the stresses in each plate can be approximated by a plane stress condition. The results obtained are verified by numerical calculation of FEM.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Research Fund of Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology,Ministry of Education(EBME25-F-08).
文摘Lightweight nodes are crucial for blockchain scalability,but verifying the availability of complete block data puts significant strain on bandwidth and latency.Existing data availability sampling(DAS)schemes either require trusted setups or suffer from high communication overhead and low verification efficiency.This paper presents ISTIRDA,a DAS scheme that lets light clients certify availability by sampling small random codeword symbols.Built on ISTIR,an improved Reed–Solomon interactive oracle proof of proximity,ISTIRDA combines adaptive folding with dynamic code rate adjustment to preserve soundness while lowering communication.This paper formalizes opening consistency and prove security with bounded error in the random oracle model,giving polylogarithmic verifier queries and no trusted setup.In a prototype compared with FRIDA under equal soundness,ISTIRDA reduces communication by 40.65%to 80%.For data larger than 16 MB,ISTIRDA verifies faster and the advantage widens;at 128 MB,proofs are about 60%smaller and verification time is roughly 25%shorter,while prover overhead remains modest.In peer-to-peer emulation under injected latency and loss,ISTIRDA reaches confidence more quickly and is less sensitive to packet loss and load.These results indicate that ISTIRDA is a scalable and provably secure DAS scheme suitable for high-throughput,large-block public blockchains,substantially easing bandwidth and latency pressure on lightweight nodes.
基金Supported by Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(Joint Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau),No.2023MSXM060.
文摘BACKGROUND The accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis(LNM)is crucial for managing locally advanced(T3/T4)colorectal cancer(CRC).However,both traditional histopathology and standard slide-level deep learning often fail to capture the sparse and diagnostically critical features of metastatic potential.AIM To develop and validate a case-level multiple-instance learning(MIL)framework mimicking a pathologist's comprehensive review and improve T3/T4 CRC LNM prediction.METHODS The whole-slide images of 130 patients with T3/T4 CRC were retrospectively collected.A case-level MIL framework utilising the CONCH v1.5 and UNI2-h deep learning models was trained on features from all haematoxylin and eosinstained primary tumour slides for each patient.These pathological features were subsequently integrated with clinical data,and model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS The case-level framework demonstrated superior LNM prediction over slide-level training,with the CONCH v1.5 model achieving a mean AUC(±SD)of 0.899±0.033 vs 0.814±0.083,respectively.Integrating pathology features with clinical data further enhanced performance,yielding a top model with a mean AUC of 0.904±0.047,in sharp contrast to a clinical-only model(mean AUC 0.584±0.084).Crucially,a pathologist’s review confirmed that the model-identified high-attention regions correspond to known high-risk histopathological features.CONCLUSION A case-level MIL framework provides a superior approach for predicting LNM in advanced CRC.This method shows promise for risk stratification and therapy decisions,requiring further validation.
基金Support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004]Guangzhou Huashang University[2024HSZD01,HS2023JYSZH01].
文摘Graph neural networks(GNN)have shown strong performance in node classification tasks,yet most existing models rely on uniform or shared weight aggregation,lacking flexibility in modeling the varying strength of relationships among nodes.This paper proposes a novel graph coupling convolutional model that introduces an adaptive weighting mechanism to assign distinct importance to neighboring nodes based on their similarity to the central node.Unlike traditional methods,the proposed coupling strategy enhances the interpretability of node interactions while maintaining competitive classification performance.The model operates in the spatial domain,utilizing adjacency list structures for efficient convolution and addressing the limitations of weight sharing through a coupling-based similarity computation.Extensive experiments are conducted on five graph-structured datasets,including Cora,Citeseer,PubMed,Reddit,and BlogCatalog,as well as a custom topology dataset constructed from the Open University Learning Analytics Dataset(OULAD)educational platform.Results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves good classification accuracy,while significantly reducing training time through direct second-order neighbor fusion and data preprocessing.Moreover,analysis of neighborhood order reveals that considering third-order neighbors offers limited accuracy gains but introduces considerable computational overhead,confirming the efficiency of first-and second-order convolution in practical applications.Overall,the proposed graph coupling model offers a lightweight,interpretable,and effective framework for multi-label node classification in complex networks.
文摘BACKGROUND Early screening,preoperative staging,and diagnosis of lymph node metastasis are crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer(GC).AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined multidetector computed tomography(MDCT)and gastrointestinal endoscopy for GC screening,preoperative staging,and lymph node metastasis detection,thereby providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS In this retrospective study clinical and imaging data of 134 patients with suspected GC who were admitted between January 2023 and October 2024 were initially reviewed.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,102 patients were finally enrolled in the analysis.All enrolled patients had undergone both MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy examinations prior to surgical intervention.Preoperative clinical staging and lymph node metastasis findings were compared with pathological results.RESULTS The combined use of MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 98.53%,specificity of 97.06%,accuracy of 98.04%,positive predictive value of 98.53%,and negative predictive value of 97.06%for diagnosing GC.These factors were all significantly higher than those of MDCT or endoscopy alone(P<0.05).The accuracy rates of the combined approach for detecting clinical T and N stages were 97.06%and 92.65%,respectively,outperforming MDCT alone(86.76% and 79.41%)and endoscopy alone(85.29% and 70.59%)(P<0.05).Among 68 patients with confirmed GC,50(73.53%)were pathologically diagnosed with lymph node metastasis.The accuracy for detecting lymph node metastasis was 66.00%with endoscopy,76.00%with MDCT,and 92.00% with the combined approach,all with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined application of MDCT and gastrointestinal endoscopy enhanced diagnostic accuracy for GC,provided greater consistency in preoperative staging,and improved the detection of lymph node metastasis,thereby demonstrating significant clinical utility.
文摘Objective:To investigate the long-term prognosis and postoperative cosmetic outcomes of breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer,providing a reference for the selection of clinical treatment plans.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 68 patients with early-stage breast cancer admitted from January 2022 to December 2025.Based on the surgical approach,patients were divided into an observation group(breast-conserving surgery+sentinel lymph node biopsy)and a control group(other surgical methods such as modified radical mastectomy/total mastectomy).Clinical and pathological characteristics,incidence of postoperative complications,follow-up prognosis,and satisfaction with cosmetic outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:Among the 68 patients,41 were in the observation group and 27 in the control group.The average age of patients in the observation group was(54.32±8.15)years,while that in the control group was(62.45±9.76)years.The average tumor size in the observation group was(1.86±0.72)cm,compared to(3.21±1.45)cm in the control group.The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 9.76%,significantly lower than that in the control group at 33.33%(P<0.05).The 6-month disease-free survival rate was 95.12%in the observation group and 88.89%in the control group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The excellent and good rate of cosmetic outcomes in the observation group was 87.80%,significantly higher than that in the control group at 29.63%(P<0.05).Conclusion:Breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy for early-stage breast cancer can achieve long-term prognostic outcomes comparable to those of traditional radical surgery,with the advantages of fewer postoperative complications and superior cosmetic results.This approach is worthy of clinical promotion and application,particularly for early-stage breast cancer patients who have a demand for preserving breast morphology.
基金Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Science and Technology Development Incubation Fund,“Research on the Role and Mechanism of PIGU in Regulating MUC-1 in Gastric Cancer Immune Escape”(Project No.:2023YJY-29)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program,“Research on the Mechanism and Clinical Significance of miR-140-5p Related to Gastric Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis”(Project No.:2023-JC-YB-639)。
文摘Early-stage gastric cancer;Extent of lymph node dissection;D1 dissection;D2 dissection;Recurrence rate;Survival rateObjective:To investigate the impact of different lymph node dissection scopes on postoperative recurrence and survival rates in patients with early gastric cancer,providing evidence-based support for optimizing clinical surgical plans.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 100 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023.Patients were divided into Group D1(n=50)and Group D2(n=50)based on the extent of lymph node dissection.Group D1 underwent limited lymph node dissection(dissection of the first station of lymph nodes around the stomach),while Group D2 underwent standard lymph node dissection(dissection of the first and second stations of lymph nodes around the stomach).Surgical-related indicators,the incidence of postoperative complications,the 2-year recurrence rate,and the 2-year survival rate were compared between the two groups of patients.Results:The operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,and the number of lymph nodes dissected were significantly higher in the D2 group than in the D1 group(all P<0.001).The overall incidence of postoperative complications was higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group,but the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.884,P=0.766).After a 2-year follow-up,the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the D1 group than in the D2 group(χ^(2)=4.000,P=0.046).The 2-year survival rate was significantly lower in the D1 group than in the D2 group(χ^(2)=5.005,P=0.025).A total of 100 patients with early-stage gastric cancer were grouped according to the depth of invasion,degree of differentiation,and lymph node metastasis status,and the recurrence rates of different subgroups were compared.The results showed that the recurrence rate was higher in patients with T1b stage than in those with T1a stage(χ^(2)=5.005,P=0.025),higher in poorly differentiated patients than in moderately and well-differentiated patients(χ^(2)=4.155,P=0.042),and higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis(χ^(2)=4.512,P=0.034).Conclusion:Compared with D1 limited lymph node dissection,D2 standard lymph node dissection can significantly reduce the postoperative recurrence rate and improve the 2-year survival rate in patients with early-stage gastric cancer without significantly increasing the risk of postoperative complications.Although the surgical trauma is slightly greater,the overall prognosis is better,making it a preferred surgical treatment option for patients with early-stage gastric cancer.
基金Project (50935007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Key Program of ChinaProject (2010CB731701) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject (50905145) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to study influences of geometric parameters on the T-shaped components local loading process, a new mathematical model considering the fillet radius and draft angle was established by using the slab method. The results obtained by the mathematical model agree with the data form experiment and numerical simulation, and the results are closer to the experimental and simulation results. The influence of draft angle may be neglected under the forming conditions used. The influence of fillet radius is notable, especially in the case that the ratio of fillet radius to rib width is less than 0.75.
文摘A self-aligned InP/GalnAs single heterojunction bipolar transistor（HBT） is investigated using a novel T-shaped emitter. A U-shaped emitter layout,selective wet etching,laterally etched undercut, and an air-bridge are applied in this process. The device, which has a 2μm×12μm U-shaped emitter area,demonstrates a common-emitter DC current gain of 170,an offset voltage of 0.2V,a knee voltage of 0.5V, and an open-base breakdown voltage of over 2V. The HBT exhibits good microwave performance with a current gain cutoff frequency of 85GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency of 72GHz, These results indicate that these InP/InGaAs SHBTs are suitable for low-voltage,low-power,and high-frequency applications.
基金International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China under Grant No.2014DFA70950Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program under Grant No.2012THZ02-1National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.91315301
文摘This study examines the design provisions of the Chinese GB 50011-2010 code for seismic design of buildings for the special boundary elements of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and proposes an improved design method. Comparison of the design provisions of the GB 50011-2010 code and those of the American code ACI 318-14 indicates a possible deficiency in the T-shaped wall design provisions in GB 50011-2010. A case study of a typical T-shaped wall designed in accordance with GB 50011-2010 also indicates the insufficient extent of the boundary element at the non-flange end and overly conservative design of the flange end boundary element. Improved designs for special boundary elements ofT-shaped walls are developed using a displacement-based method. The proposed design formulas produce a longer boundary element at the non-flange end and a shorter boundary element at the flange end, relative to those of the GB 50011-2010 provisions. Extensive numerical analysis indicates that T-shaped walls designed using the proposed formulas develop inelastic drift of 0.01 for both cases of the flange in compression and in tension.
文摘Spur dike is one of the river training structures. This work presented a numerical simulation of flow field and three-dimensional velocity around a T-shaped spur dike located in bend using SSIIM model. The main objective of this work is to investigate the three-dimensional velocities and streamlines at transverse and longitudinal sections and plan views around the T-shaped spur dike in different submergence ratios(0, 5%, 15%, 25% and 50%). It is concluded that by increasing the submergence ratio from 5% to 50%, the maximum of scour is reduced; the maximum of longitudinal velocity increases by 7.7% and occurs at the water surface in spur dike axis. Near the bed, the maximum of vertical velocity occurs at the end of spur wing. By analyzing the streamlines at transverse sections, the followings were deduced for different submergence ratios: different dimensions and different positions of vortices around the spur dike.
基金The study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51978336)the Science and Technology Project of Water Resources Department of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2021022).
文摘An analytical procedure is presented to evaluate the fluid sloshing characteristics in a two-dimensional(2D)rectangular container with a bottom-mounted T-shaped baffle.The fluid region is divided into several sub-domains with hypothetical interfaces and the velocities and pressures of the fluid on adjacent interfaces should be identical.The separation of variables in conjunction with the superposition principle is employed to formulate the velocity potential of each sub-domain.The Fourier series expansion is used to derive the eigenvalue equation by substituting the velocity potential solutions into the free surface conditions and the continuity conditions on adjacent interfaces.Under the horizontal base excitation,the total velocity potential of fluid is decomposed of the impulsive and perturbed velocity potentials.The orthogonality of the sloshing modes is demonstrated by implementing Gauss formula.The dynamic response equation is established by incorporating the total velocity potential solution into the surface wave equation.Excellent agreements are achieved between the present results and those from the reported literature and finite element code.Numerical results are exhibited to reveal the effect of the baffle parameters and excitation frequency on sloshing characteristics and responses of liquid.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61574112,61334002,61306017,61474091,and 61574110)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.605119425012)
文摘A novel A1GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） with a source-connected T-shaped field-plate （ST-FP HEMT） is proposed for the first time in this paper. The source-connected T-shaped field-plate （ST-FP） is composed of a source-connected field-plate （S-FP） and a trench metal. The physical intrinsic mechanisms of the ST-FP to improve the breakdown voltage and the FP efficiency and to modulate the distributions of channel electric field and potential are studied in detail by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations with Silvaco-ATLAS. A comparison to the HEMT and the HEMT with an S-FP （S-FP HEMT） shows that the ST-FP HEMT could achieve a broader and more uniform channel electric field distribution with the help of a trench metal, which could increase the breakdown voltage and the FP efficiency remarkably. In addition, the relationship between the structure of the ST-FP, the channel electric field, the breakdown voltage as well as the FP efficiency in ST-FP HEMT is analyzed. These results could open up a new effective method to fabricate high voltage power devices for the power electronic applications.
文摘In this study, nonlinear static and dynamic responses of a microcantilever with a T-shaped tip mass excited by electrostatic actuations are investigated. The electrostatic force is generated by applying an electric voltage between the horizontal part of T-shaped tip mass and an opposite electrode plate. The cantilever microbeam is modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The T-shaped tip mass is assumed to be a rigid body and the nonlinear effect of electrostatic force is considered. An equation of motion and its associated boundary conditions are derived by the aid of combining the Hamilton principle and Newton’s method. An exact solution is obtained for static deflection and mode shape of vibration around the static position. The differential equation of nonlinear vibration around the static position is discretized using the Galerkin method. The system mode shapes are used as its related comparison functions. The discretized equations are solved by the perturbation theory in the neighborhood of primary and subharmonic resonances. In addition, effects of mass inertia, mass moment of inertia as well as rotation of the T-shaped mass, which were ignored in previous works, are considered in the analysis. It is shown that by increasing the length of the horizontal part of the T-shaped mass, the amount of static deflection increases, natural frequency decreases and nonlinear shift of the resonance frequency increases. It is concluded that attaching an electrode plate with a T-shaped configuration to the end of the cantilever microbeam results in a configuration with larger pull-in voltage and smaller nonlinear shift of the resonance frequency compared to the configuration in which the electrode plate is directly attached to it.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51874055,52074047,and 52064016).
文摘The study of the dynamic disaster mechanism of coal and gas outburst two-phase flow is crucial for improving disaster reduction and rescue ability of coal mine outburst accidents.An outburst test in a T-shaped roadway was conducted using a self-developed large-scale outburst dynamic disaster test system.We investigated the release characteristics of main energy sources in coal seam,and obtained the dynamic characteristics of outburst two-phase flow in a roadway.Additionally,we established a formation model for outburst impact flow and a model for its flow in a bifurcated structure.The results indicate that the outburst process exhibits pulse characteristics,and the rapid destruction process of coal seam and the blocking state of gas flow are the main causes of the pulse phenomenon.The outburst energy is released in stages,and the elastic potential energy is released in the vertical direction before the horizontal direction.In a straight roadway,the impact force oscillates along the roadway.With an increase in the solid–gas ratio,the two-phase flow impact force gradually increases,and the disaster range extends from the middle of the roadway to the coal seam.In the area near the coal seam,the disaster caused by the two-phase flow impact is characterized by intermittent recovery.In a bifurcated roadway,the effect of impact airflow on impact dynamic disaster is much higher than that of two-phase flow,and the impact force tends to weaken with increasing solid-gas ratio.The impact force is asymmetrically distributed;it is higher on the left of the bifurcated roadway.With an increase in the solid-gas ratio,the static pressure rapidly decreases,and the bifurcated structure accelerates the attenuation of static pressure.Moreover,secondary acceleration is observed when the shock wave moves along the T-shaped roadway,indicating that the bifurcated structure increases the shock wave velocity.
基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2020ZDLGY03-05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61574112).
文摘A novel vertical InN/InGaN heterojunction tunnel FET with hetero T-shaped gate as well as polarization-doped source and drain region(InN-Hetero-TG-TFET)is proposed and investigated by Silvaco-Atlas simulations for the first time.Compared with the conventional physical doping TFET devices,the proposed device can realize the P-type source and N-type drain region by means of the polarization effect near the top InN/InGaN and bottom InGaN/InN heterojunctions respectively,which could provide an effective solution of random dopant fluctuation(RDF)and the related problems about the high thermal budget and expensive annealing techniques due to ion-implantation physical doping.Besides,due to the hetero T-shaped gate,the improvement of the on-state performance can be achieved in the proposed device.The simulations of the device proposed here in this work show ION of 4.45×10^(-5)A/μm,ION/IOFF ratio of 10^(13),and SS_(avg)of 7.5 mV/dec in InN-Hetero-TG-TFET,which are better than the counterparts of the device with a homo T-shaped gate(InN-Homo-TG-TFET)and our reported lateral polarization-induced InN-based TFET(PI-InN-TFET).These results can provide useful reference for further developing the TFETs without physical doping process in low power electronics applications.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Foundation of China(No.U1937206)Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Project(No.BE2019007-2)+2 种基金Opening Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural MaterialsApplication Technology(No.ASMA201903)Basic scientific research operating expenses(No.NT2020015).
文摘This study aims at investigating the impact of using the Magnetorheological Elastomers(MREs)medium to improve the formability of T-shaped Inconel 718 tubes during the bulging process.Besides,the influence of the punch size and the intensity of the magnetic field on the branch height and wall thickness distribution of the T-shaped Inconel 718 tubes are also explored.The results showed that the parts formed by the punch with a length of 5 mm in the pressurization zone have better forming quality.The external magnetic field can promote a high branch,and by increasing the intensity of the magnetic field,the branch height was increased and then decreased.At the same time,the magnetic field reduced the amount of material accumulation between the guiding zone and the bulging zone.Besides,it promotes the material in the guiding zone to enter the bulging zone and improve the bulging ability of the T-shaped tube.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0502700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61490693+3 种基金61771043)the High-Resolution Earth Observation Systems(41-Y20A14-9001-15/1630-Y20A12-9004-15/1630-Y20A10-9001-15/16)
文摘To automatically detect oil tanks in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images, a coastal oil tank detection method is proposed based on recognition of T-shaped harbor. First of all, the T-shaped harbor is detected to locate the region of interest（ROI） of oil tanks. Then all suspicious targets in the ROI are extracted by the segmentation of strong scattering targets and the classifier of H/α. The template targets are selected from the suspicious targets by the combination of a proposed circular degree parameter and the similarity parameter（SP） of the polarimetric coherency matrix. Finally, oil tanks are detected according to the statistics of the similarity parameter between each suspicious target and template targets in ROI. Polarimetric SAR data acquired by RADARSAT-2 over Berkeley and Singapore areas are used for testing. Experiment results show that most of the targets are correctly detected and the overall detection rate is close to 80%.The false rate is effectively reduced by the proposed algorithm compared with the method without T-shaped harbor recognition.
文摘The general solution of stresses is derived for a T-shaped junction of two thin plates with an adhesion crack. The plates are orthotropic. A shear force is applied on the crack surface. The analysis is based on the supposition that the stresses in each plate can be approximated by a plane stress condition. The results obtained are verified by numerical calculation of FEM.
