构建一个基于主体的模型(agent based model,ABM),模拟对比了“T+2”与“T+0”两种交易模式下的市场变化。结果表明:“T+2”模式向“T+0”模式转变并非必然提升市场流动性,其效果依赖于流动性提供者的资本成本,当资本成本较高时,预融资...构建一个基于主体的模型(agent based model,ABM),模拟对比了“T+2”与“T+0”两种交易模式下的市场变化。结果表明:“T+2”模式向“T+0”模式转变并非必然提升市场流动性,其效果依赖于流动性提供者的资本成本,当资本成本较高时,预融资本约束效应会抵消掉结算风险消除带来的优势,导致买卖价差扩大和市场深度降低;“T+2”模式向“T+0”模式转变会使风险定价结构发生重塑,传统的结算风险溢价被清零,但由预融资产生的机会成本和潜在的操作风险被内化为新的定价因子。展开更多
Capacitor-less 2T0C dynamic random-access memory(DRAM)employing oxide semiconductors(OSs)as a channel has great potential in the development of highly scaled three dimensional(3D)-structured devices.However,the use of...Capacitor-less 2T0C dynamic random-access memory(DRAM)employing oxide semiconductors(OSs)as a channel has great potential in the development of highly scaled three dimensional(3D)-structured devices.However,the use of OS and such device structures presents certain challenges,including the trade-off relationship between the field-effect mobility and stability of OSs.Conventional 4-line-based operation of the 2T0C enlarges the entire cell volume and complicates the peripheral circuit.Herein,we proposed an IGO(In-Ga-O)channel 2-line-based 2T0C cell design and operating sequences comparable to those of the conventional Si-channel 1 T1C DRAM.IGO was adopted to achieve high thermal stability above 800℃,and the process conditions were optimized to simultaneously obtain a high μFE of 90.7 cm^(2)·V^(-)1·s^(-1),positive Vth of 0.34 V,superior reliability,and uniformity.The proposed 2-line-based 2T0C DRAM cell successfully exhibited multi-bit operation,with the stored voltage varying from 0 V to 1 V at 0.1 V intervals.Furthermore,for stored voltage intervals of 0.1 V and 0.5 V,the refresh time was 10 s and 1000 s in multi-bit operation;these values were more than 150 and 15000 times longer than those of the conventional Si channel 1T1C DRAM,respectively.A monolithic stacked 2-line-based 2T0C DRAM was fabricated,and a multi-bit operation was confirmed.展开更多
DRAM作为计算机存储系统的核心组件,在HPC、云计算、AI等领域至关重要。然而,传统1T1C DRAM受电容缩放瓶颈、刷新功耗及制造复杂度等问题限制,难以满足先进制程需求。2T0C DRAM采用双晶体管架构,利用浮体效应、栅极耦合等机制存储电荷,...DRAM作为计算机存储系统的核心组件,在HPC、云计算、AI等领域至关重要。然而,传统1T1C DRAM受电容缩放瓶颈、刷新功耗及制造复杂度等问题限制,难以满足先进制程需求。2T0C DRAM采用双晶体管架构,利用浮体效应、栅极耦合等机制存储电荷,实现高密度、低功耗及工艺兼容性提升。本研究分析2T0C DRAM的技术原理、结构设计及其相较于1T1C DRAM的优势,探讨数据保持、读写干扰、工艺变异等挑战,并综述器件优化、电路创新及先进制造工艺的应对策略。此外,结合CIM、3D集成等趋势,探讨其在HPC、嵌入式及新型存储中的应用价值。当前,三星、美光等厂商已展开2T0C DRAM研发,预计未来逐步进入量产。随着半导体工艺演进,2T0C DRAM有望成为下一代高密度、低功耗存储技术。然而,量子效应、工艺适配及产业链完善仍是关键挑战。未来研究将聚焦器件微缩、存算一体及异质集成,推动2T0C DRAM发展与产业化进程。As a core component of computer memory systems, DRAM plays a critical role in HPC, cloud computing, and AI. However, traditional 1T1C DRAM faces challenges such as capacitor scaling limitations, high refresh power consumption, and increasing fabrication complexity, restricting its scalability in advanced process nodes. To address these issues, 2T0C DRAM adopts a two-transistor architecture, utilizing floating-body effects and gate coupling mechanisms to store charge, thereby enhancing storage density, reducing power consumption, and improving process compatibility. This study analyzes the technical principles and structural design of 2T0C DRAM, highlighting its advantages over 1T1C DRAM while addressing challenges such as data retention, read/write disturbances, and process variations. Various optimization strategies, including device engineering, circuit design innovations, and advanced fabrication techniques, are also reviewed. Furthermore, considering emerging trends like CIM and 3D integration, we explore the potential applications of 2T0C DRAM in HPC, embedded systems, and next-generation memory technologies. Currently, leading memory manufacturers such as Samsung and Micron have initiated research on 2T0C DRAM, with commercialization expected in the near future. With the continuous advancement of semiconductor technology, 2T0C DRAM is poised to become a key candidate for next-generation high-density, low-power memory solutions. However, challenges such as quantum effects, process adaptation, and supply chain maturity remain critical. Future research will focus on device scaling, in-memory computing, and heterogeneous integration to accelerate the development and industrialization of 2T0C DRAM.展开更多
目的比较3.0 T磁共振(MRI)动态增强与64层螺旋CT(64-MDCT)多期扫描对肝硬化背景下小肝癌的诊断价值。方法选择肝硬化合并小肝癌患者55例(66个癌性小结节),分别进行3.0 T MRI动态增强与64-MDCT多期扫描,由两位专家对检查结果进行判定,比...目的比较3.0 T磁共振(MRI)动态增强与64层螺旋CT(64-MDCT)多期扫描对肝硬化背景下小肝癌的诊断价值。方法选择肝硬化合并小肝癌患者55例(66个癌性小结节),分别进行3.0 T MRI动态增强与64-MDCT多期扫描,由两位专家对检查结果进行判定,比较两种检查方法的诊断价值。结果两位观察者通过3.0 T MRI动态增强得到的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.893±0.013、0.859±0.027,通过64-MDCT得到的AUC分别为0.657±0.034、0.679±0.026;两位观察者对两种检查方法的诊断价值比较,P均<0.01。两位观察者采用3.0T MRI动态增强诊断肝硬化背景下小肝癌的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值均高于64-MDCT,P均<0.01。结论 3.0T MRI动态增强对肝硬化背景下小肝癌的诊断价值高于64-MDCT。展开更多
文摘构建一个基于主体的模型(agent based model,ABM),模拟对比了“T+2”与“T+0”两种交易模式下的市场变化。结果表明:“T+2”模式向“T+0”模式转变并非必然提升市场流动性,其效果依赖于流动性提供者的资本成本,当资本成本较高时,预融资本约束效应会抵消掉结算风险消除带来的优势,导致买卖价差扩大和市场深度降低;“T+2”模式向“T+0”模式转变会使风险定价结构发生重塑,传统的结算风险溢价被清零,但由预融资产生的机会成本和潜在的操作风险被内化为新的定价因子。
基金supported by the Technology Innovation Program(Grant Nos.20017382 and 20023023)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea)supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(Grant No.RS-2023-00260527).
文摘Capacitor-less 2T0C dynamic random-access memory(DRAM)employing oxide semiconductors(OSs)as a channel has great potential in the development of highly scaled three dimensional(3D)-structured devices.However,the use of OS and such device structures presents certain challenges,including the trade-off relationship between the field-effect mobility and stability of OSs.Conventional 4-line-based operation of the 2T0C enlarges the entire cell volume and complicates the peripheral circuit.Herein,we proposed an IGO(In-Ga-O)channel 2-line-based 2T0C cell design and operating sequences comparable to those of the conventional Si-channel 1 T1C DRAM.IGO was adopted to achieve high thermal stability above 800℃,and the process conditions were optimized to simultaneously obtain a high μFE of 90.7 cm^(2)·V^(-)1·s^(-1),positive Vth of 0.34 V,superior reliability,and uniformity.The proposed 2-line-based 2T0C DRAM cell successfully exhibited multi-bit operation,with the stored voltage varying from 0 V to 1 V at 0.1 V intervals.Furthermore,for stored voltage intervals of 0.1 V and 0.5 V,the refresh time was 10 s and 1000 s in multi-bit operation;these values were more than 150 and 15000 times longer than those of the conventional Si channel 1T1C DRAM,respectively.A monolithic stacked 2-line-based 2T0C DRAM was fabricated,and a multi-bit operation was confirmed.
文摘DRAM作为计算机存储系统的核心组件,在HPC、云计算、AI等领域至关重要。然而,传统1T1C DRAM受电容缩放瓶颈、刷新功耗及制造复杂度等问题限制,难以满足先进制程需求。2T0C DRAM采用双晶体管架构,利用浮体效应、栅极耦合等机制存储电荷,实现高密度、低功耗及工艺兼容性提升。本研究分析2T0C DRAM的技术原理、结构设计及其相较于1T1C DRAM的优势,探讨数据保持、读写干扰、工艺变异等挑战,并综述器件优化、电路创新及先进制造工艺的应对策略。此外,结合CIM、3D集成等趋势,探讨其在HPC、嵌入式及新型存储中的应用价值。当前,三星、美光等厂商已展开2T0C DRAM研发,预计未来逐步进入量产。随着半导体工艺演进,2T0C DRAM有望成为下一代高密度、低功耗存储技术。然而,量子效应、工艺适配及产业链完善仍是关键挑战。未来研究将聚焦器件微缩、存算一体及异质集成,推动2T0C DRAM发展与产业化进程。As a core component of computer memory systems, DRAM plays a critical role in HPC, cloud computing, and AI. However, traditional 1T1C DRAM faces challenges such as capacitor scaling limitations, high refresh power consumption, and increasing fabrication complexity, restricting its scalability in advanced process nodes. To address these issues, 2T0C DRAM adopts a two-transistor architecture, utilizing floating-body effects and gate coupling mechanisms to store charge, thereby enhancing storage density, reducing power consumption, and improving process compatibility. This study analyzes the technical principles and structural design of 2T0C DRAM, highlighting its advantages over 1T1C DRAM while addressing challenges such as data retention, read/write disturbances, and process variations. Various optimization strategies, including device engineering, circuit design innovations, and advanced fabrication techniques, are also reviewed. Furthermore, considering emerging trends like CIM and 3D integration, we explore the potential applications of 2T0C DRAM in HPC, embedded systems, and next-generation memory technologies. Currently, leading memory manufacturers such as Samsung and Micron have initiated research on 2T0C DRAM, with commercialization expected in the near future. With the continuous advancement of semiconductor technology, 2T0C DRAM is poised to become a key candidate for next-generation high-density, low-power memory solutions. However, challenges such as quantum effects, process adaptation, and supply chain maturity remain critical. Future research will focus on device scaling, in-memory computing, and heterogeneous integration to accelerate the development and industrialization of 2T0C DRAM.
文摘目的比较3.0 T磁共振(MRI)动态增强与64层螺旋CT(64-MDCT)多期扫描对肝硬化背景下小肝癌的诊断价值。方法选择肝硬化合并小肝癌患者55例(66个癌性小结节),分别进行3.0 T MRI动态增强与64-MDCT多期扫描,由两位专家对检查结果进行判定,比较两种检查方法的诊断价值。结果两位观察者通过3.0 T MRI动态增强得到的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.893±0.013、0.859±0.027,通过64-MDCT得到的AUC分别为0.657±0.034、0.679±0.026;两位观察者对两种检查方法的诊断价值比较,P均<0.01。两位观察者采用3.0T MRI动态增强诊断肝硬化背景下小肝癌的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值均高于64-MDCT,P均<0.01。结论 3.0T MRI动态增强对肝硬化背景下小肝癌的诊断价值高于64-MDCT。
