Objective: To treat humerus fracture with three dimensional pattern and finite element analysis, providing mechanical basis for treating humerus fracture. Methods: Humerus pattern was established based on the CT image...Objective: To treat humerus fracture with three dimensional pattern and finite element analysis, providing mechanical basis for treating humerus fracture. Methods: Humerus pattern was established based on the CT images, and calculation was done by ANSYS5. 6 software. Three dimensional ten-node tetrahedron unit was selected and were divided into 2 729 nodes, 49 041 units. Distribution and amount of axial compression of humerus were analyzed when clip angle was 30°, 45°, 90° between fracture face and axial line with fixed X, Y, Z directions. Results: The distribution of stress was greatly different between fracture face and non fracture face. Stress in fracture part was fairly concentrated with incomplete symmetric distribution around the center of fracture face; Greater stress distributed in the regions 10 mm from fracture face, which was 2-3 times that of other stress regions. Conclusion: Required load must be estimated under various conditions as to select the suitable internal fixation implants during the treatment of humerus fracture, which can provide helpful stress environment for fracture healing.展开更多
At present,evaluation on reservoir damage induced by fracturing fluid mainly refers to The Evaluation Measurement for Properties of Water-based Fracturing Fluid:SY/T5107-2016(referred to as the industry standard below...At present,evaluation on reservoir damage induced by fracturing fluid mainly refers to The Evaluation Measurement for Properties of Water-based Fracturing Fluid:SY/T5107-2016(referred to as the industry standard below).However,the fracturing fluid displacing core process stipulated in the industry standard is not consistent with the fast invading process of fracturing fluid into the reservoir under high pressure during the actual fracturing construction.Besides,the influences of fracturing fluid residues,gel breaking mode,original water saturation and other factors are not taken into consideration in the experiments to evaluate the damage of fracturing fluids.Thus,the accuracy of evaluation results is influenced.In this paper,tight sandstone cores of the Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation(J1a)in Dibei area of Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin were selected as samples.The invading process of fracturing fluid into a tight sandstone reservoir was simulated by modifying experimental process and method.Then,the damage degree of fracturing fluid to gas reservoir was evaluated and the damage mechanisms of fracturing fluid were analyzed systematically.And the following research results were obtained.First,themodified evaluationmethod takes into account the influences of several factors,such as the originalwater saturation of gas reservoir,the instantaneous“breakdown”effect of high-pressure during fracturing and the fracturing fluid residues,so it can evaluate the damage degree of fracturing fluid to tight sandstone gas reservoirsmore objectively.Second,the evaluation results based on the industry standard showthat the damage degree of fracturing fluid to the permeability of tight sandstone gas reservoirs ismedium to strong,whereas the damage degree evaluated by themodifiedmethod is medium to weak.Third,the retention of fracturing fluid residues in fractures is the main cause of permeability damage.The residues can easily block fractures and fracture surface pores.Most of them retain in the pores in the surface layer of matrix cores(invasion depth less than 3 cm),so residues are filtered by matrix pores.Fourth,when fracturing fluid migrates inwards from the core surface,high molecular polymers retain in the form of thin-film lamellar,local flaky nodular and crystal inclusion in turn in the reservoir pores.Fifth,under the experimental conditions,salting-out crystals appear and are unevenly distributed in the cores.In fractures,salting-out crystals and high molecules are polymerized to form composite inclusions.In matrix pores,salting-out crystals and a small number of fragments(e.g.illite)are enclosed to form a complex.Sixth,migratory particles caused by speed sensitivity are usually combined with residues and high molecular polymers to form composite inclusions,thus blocking pores and fractures.展开更多
文摘Objective: To treat humerus fracture with three dimensional pattern and finite element analysis, providing mechanical basis for treating humerus fracture. Methods: Humerus pattern was established based on the CT images, and calculation was done by ANSYS5. 6 software. Three dimensional ten-node tetrahedron unit was selected and were divided into 2 729 nodes, 49 041 units. Distribution and amount of axial compression of humerus were analyzed when clip angle was 30°, 45°, 90° between fracture face and axial line with fixed X, Y, Z directions. Results: The distribution of stress was greatly different between fracture face and non fracture face. Stress in fracture part was fairly concentrated with incomplete symmetric distribution around the center of fracture face; Greater stress distributed in the regions 10 mm from fracture face, which was 2-3 times that of other stress regions. Conclusion: Required load must be estimated under various conditions as to select the suitable internal fixation implants during the treatment of humerus fracture, which can provide helpful stress environment for fracture healing.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China“Basic study on drying of tight gas reservoir and enhancing gas seepage capacity”(No.51534006).
文摘At present,evaluation on reservoir damage induced by fracturing fluid mainly refers to The Evaluation Measurement for Properties of Water-based Fracturing Fluid:SY/T5107-2016(referred to as the industry standard below).However,the fracturing fluid displacing core process stipulated in the industry standard is not consistent with the fast invading process of fracturing fluid into the reservoir under high pressure during the actual fracturing construction.Besides,the influences of fracturing fluid residues,gel breaking mode,original water saturation and other factors are not taken into consideration in the experiments to evaluate the damage of fracturing fluids.Thus,the accuracy of evaluation results is influenced.In this paper,tight sandstone cores of the Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation(J1a)in Dibei area of Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin were selected as samples.The invading process of fracturing fluid into a tight sandstone reservoir was simulated by modifying experimental process and method.Then,the damage degree of fracturing fluid to gas reservoir was evaluated and the damage mechanisms of fracturing fluid were analyzed systematically.And the following research results were obtained.First,themodified evaluationmethod takes into account the influences of several factors,such as the originalwater saturation of gas reservoir,the instantaneous“breakdown”effect of high-pressure during fracturing and the fracturing fluid residues,so it can evaluate the damage degree of fracturing fluid to tight sandstone gas reservoirsmore objectively.Second,the evaluation results based on the industry standard showthat the damage degree of fracturing fluid to the permeability of tight sandstone gas reservoirs ismedium to strong,whereas the damage degree evaluated by themodifiedmethod is medium to weak.Third,the retention of fracturing fluid residues in fractures is the main cause of permeability damage.The residues can easily block fractures and fracture surface pores.Most of them retain in the pores in the surface layer of matrix cores(invasion depth less than 3 cm),so residues are filtered by matrix pores.Fourth,when fracturing fluid migrates inwards from the core surface,high molecular polymers retain in the form of thin-film lamellar,local flaky nodular and crystal inclusion in turn in the reservoir pores.Fifth,under the experimental conditions,salting-out crystals appear and are unevenly distributed in the cores.In fractures,salting-out crystals and high molecules are polymerized to form composite inclusions.In matrix pores,salting-out crystals and a small number of fragments(e.g.illite)are enclosed to form a complex.Sixth,migratory particles caused by speed sensitivity are usually combined with residues and high molecular polymers to form composite inclusions,thus blocking pores and fractures.
