Continuation writing,a new form of testifying students’comprehensive English competence,is also a way to better English as a foreign language.The author here,aiming to use it as an efficient way of boosting students...Continuation writing,a new form of testifying students’comprehensive English competence,is also a way to better English as a foreign language.The author here,aiming to use it as an efficient way of boosting students’English competence,proffers a systemic approach for students to getting familiar with and getting close to the writing to improve their ability based on writing after reading.Therefore,this paper is all about the systemic way of approaching continuation writing,including the recognition of the criteria,the ideal writing steps or procedures,the writing evaluation and so on.With all the work done here,the author had hoped to provide the frontline teachers and students a bird view of the continuation writing and a practical way to it.展开更多
Large engineering plants(LEPs)have certain unique features that necessitate a maintenance strategy that is a combination of both time and condition based maintenance.Although this requirement is appreciated to varying...Large engineering plants(LEPs)have certain unique features that necessitate a maintenance strategy that is a combination of both time and condition based maintenance.Although this requirement is appreciated to varying degrees by asset owners,applied research leading to a systematic development of such a maintenance strategy is the need of the day.Such a strategy should also adopt a wholesome"systemic"approach so that the realization of the overall objectives of maintenance is maximized.E-maintenance has several potential benefits for large engineering plants.In this paper,a three pronged strategy is suggested for the successful implementation of e-maintenance for LEPs.Firstly,an integrated condition and time based maintenance framework is proposed for LEPs.Secondly,reference is drawn to models for condition and time based maintenance at systemic levels.As a part of the ab initio development of a condition monitoring system for a LEP,one of the characteristics of the condition monitoring system,namely,predictability,is discussed in detail as a sample for a systemic study.Thirdly,emphasis is laid on the information and expertise available in the domain of plant design,operation and maintenance and the same is tapped for incorporation in maintenance decision making.展开更多
The present study aims to describe theme choices in students＇ writing with a systemic functional approach. The analysis of a student＇s written work chosen at random shows the student writer can apply various theme t...The present study aims to describe theme choices in students＇ writing with a systemic functional approach. The analysis of a student＇s written work chosen at random shows the student writer can apply various theme types in writing after receiving instruction in reading class. The author hopes to propose the pedagogical implication of teaching functional linguistics knowledge to advanced learners, because it gives the view to the students to write cohesive and coherent texts.展开更多
Road user charging (RUC) has a long history as a mechanism to recover<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infrastructure maintenance and capital costs. T...Road user charging (RUC) has a long history as a mechanism to recover<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infrastructure maintenance and capital costs. The present RUC systems are facing issues such as transparency, cross-subsidization, environmental concerns and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reducing revenue due to the likes of lessening fuel tax as vehicles become more </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">efficient. Therefore, this paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the present RUC mechanisms implemented in the world with respect to stakeholder problems and demands of the freight industry and to describe the need</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for a more appropriate, practical and sustainable approach that can be used in the future. Finally, a model is proposed that is transparent and considers us</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">age-based charging addressing most of the weaknesses highlighted in the models reviewed. Further, it considers externalities produced by heavy vehicles into a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ccount. The model has the potential to provide answers to key stakeholder </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">issues and will lead to a sustainable freight transport system in the future. Encourag</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing fuel-efficient modes, optimization of loading, routing and logistics systems, and long term land use planning are a few of them.</span></span>展开更多
In the current scenario of global competition and short product life cycles, customer-defined satisfaction has attracted interest in artifact design. Accordingly, intelligent decision-making through multi-objective op...In the current scenario of global competition and short product life cycles, customer-defined satisfaction has attracted interest in artifact design. Accordingly, intelligent decision-making through multi-objective optimization has been proposed as an efficient method for human-centered manufacturing. However, previous vast researches on optimization have been mainly focused on optimization theory and optimization techniques and paid little interests on the process of problem formulation itself. In this paper, therefore, the authors present a total framework for supporting multi-objective decision making. Then, the authors try to solve the formulated multi-objective optimization problem that involves both qualitative and quantitative performance measures as a general consequence from the above procedure. Taking especially quality as a qualitative measure, the authors gave a new idea to evaluate the quality quantitatively. Additionally, to facilitate the portability of the proposed method in multidisciplinary decision-making environments, the authors implement the proposal algorithm in an Excel spreadsheet and validate the effectiveness of the approach through a case study.展开更多
The development and wide application of genetic transformation for cotton improvement are restrained by the unresolved problem of genotype dependence in regeneration in vitro.High embryogenic and regenerative potentia...The development and wide application of genetic transformation for cotton improvement are restrained by the unresolved problem of genotype dependence in regeneration in vitro.High embryogenic and regenerative potential have been obtained for limited number of Coker type genotypes。展开更多
Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses1-4;however,the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood.Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy...Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses1-4;however,the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood.Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy,vaginally born,term infants from birth to 15 months,using a systems vaccinology approach to assess the effects of antibiotic exposure on immune responses to vaccination.Exposure to direct neonatal but not intrapartum antibiotics was associated with significantly lower antibody titres against various polysaccharides in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitol phosphate and diphtheria toxoid antigens in the combined 6-in-1 Infanrix Hexa vaccine at 7 months of age.Blood from infants exposed to neonatal antibiotics had an inflammatory transcriptional profile before vaccination;in addition,faecal metagenomics showed reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium species in these infants at the time of vaccination,which was correlated with reduced vaccine antibody titres 6 months later.In preclinical models,responses to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were strongly dependent on an intact microbiota but could be restored in germ-free mice by administering a consortium of Bifidobacterium species or a probiotic already widely used in neonatal units.Our data suggest that microbiota-targeted interventions could mitigate the detrimental effects of early-life antibiotics on vaccine immunogenicity.展开更多
The aim of this study was to carry out a dynamic simulation of the energy and environmental performance of a built space system, with a view to assessing its energy and environmental class. The use of a simulation and...The aim of this study was to carry out a dynamic simulation of the energy and environmental performance of a built space system, with a view to assessing its energy and environmental class. The use of a simulation and modeling tool, supported by various methodological references, formed the basis of our approach. Adopting a systemic perspective, we described the structural and functional aspects of the systems making up built spaces, as well as the associated energy flows. Our approach was also based on a typology, taking into account typical days, structural and functional configurations at different scales and angles of observation. The analysis tool we developed in Java was applied to the built space system of the Patte d’Oie university campus in Ouagadougou. Annual electricity consumption was measured at 124387.34 kWh, closely aligned with the average annual electricity bill (125224.31 kWh), with a maximum relative deviation of 1%, followed by a carbon emission balance of 58337.66 kg eq CO<sub>2</sub> per year. This validation confirmed the effectiveness of our tool. In addition, following the analysis of electricity consumption using our tool, the university campus was classified in energy class B and environmental class C. These results will be based on the emission factors of the energy mix of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) territory, with particular emphasis on Burkina Faso.展开更多
Integrated management has become an essential approach for sustainable water resource management. However, if the concept seems relevant, its concrete application at the local scale has yet to be undertaken, with all ...Integrated management has become an essential approach for sustainable water resource management. However, if the concept seems relevant, its concrete application at the local scale has yet to be undertaken, with all the difficulties related to the complexity underlying the issue. The Rif is characterized by the multiplication and interdependence of uses, the overlapping responsibilities between public and private actors, the superposition of sectoral regulations, which raises the following question: Is the current management of water resources in the Rif mountains suitable for a future constraining on several aspects: socio-economic and climatic? The general objective of this work is to analyze the current management of water resources scientifically, politically, institutionally and legally, to identify the innovations needed for sustainable management and adaptation to climate change in the Rif Mountains. The systemic approach allowed us to highlight and prioritize the structuring elements of water management in the Nekor basin and their interactions. The crossing of hydrological data with socio-economic data allowed us to have a global and multidisciplinary vision of both uses and water resources, and of all the components of the system’s environment, the interdependencies influence the management system, despite the complexity accentuated by the lack of data. Indeed, it was difficult to identify the influence of each component. The current degradation of resources is only a reflection of a socio-cultural crisis that can only be remedied by a change in mentality, economic development, social equity and more solidarity between the city and rural communities.展开更多
Unquestionably, communicating entities （object, or things） in the Internet of Things （IoT） context are playing an active role in human activities, systems and processes. The high connectivity of intelligent object...Unquestionably, communicating entities （object, or things） in the Internet of Things （IoT） context are playing an active role in human activities, systems and processes. The high connectivity of intelligent objects and their severe constraints lead to many security challenges, which are not included in the classical formulation of security problems and solutions. The Security Shield for IoT has been identified by DARPA （Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency） as one of the four projects with a potential impact broader than the Internet itself. To help interested researchers contribute to this research area, an overview of the loT security roadmap overview is presented in this paper based on a novel cognitive and systemic approach. The role of each component of the approach is explained, we also study its interactions with the other main components, and their impact on the overall. A case study is presented to highlight the components and interactions of the systemic and cognitive approach. Then, security questions about privacy, trust, identification, and access control are discussed. According to the novel taxonomy of the loT framework, different research challenges are highlighted, important solutions and research activities are revealed, and interesting research directions are proposed. In addition, current stan dardization activities are surveyed and discussed to the ensure the security of loT components and applications.展开更多
The objective of this investigation is to examine the correctness and efficiency of the choice of boundary conditions when using assumed mode approach to simulate flexible multi-body systems. The displacement field du...The objective of this investigation is to examine the correctness and efficiency of the choice of boundary conditions when using assumed mode approach to simulate flexible multi-body systems. The displacement field due to deformation is approximated by the Rayleigh-Ritz assumed modes in floating frame of reference （FFR） formulation. The deformations obtained by the absolute nodal coordinate （ANC） formulation which are transformed by two sets of reference coordinates are introduced as a criterion to verify the accuracy of the simulation results by using the FFR formulation. The relationship between the deformations obtained from different boundary conditions is revealed. Nu- merical simulation examples demonstrate that the assumed modes with cantilevered-free, simply-supported and free- free boundary conditions without inclusion of rigid body modes are suitable for simulation of flexible multi-body system with large over all motion, and the same physical deformation can be obtained using those mode functions, differ only by a coordinate transformation. It is also shown that when using mode shapes with statically indeterminate boundary conditions, significant error may occur. Furthermore, the slider crank mechanism with rigid crank is accurate enough for investigating boundary condition problem of flexible multi-body system, which cost significant less simulating time.展开更多
The paper refers to disproportionation of HIO and NaIO in aqueous media, in static and dynamic systems. The results of calculations, realized according to GATES/GEB principles, with use of an iterative computer progra...The paper refers to disproportionation of HIO and NaIO in aqueous media, in static and dynamic systems. The results of calculations, realized according to GATES/GEB principles, with use of an iterative computer program, are presented graphically. An example of the computer program with all physicochemical knowledge involved in the related algorithm is attached herewith.展开更多
The formalism realised according to the Generalised Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES) is presented and applied to typical redox systems known from the laboratory practice. In any redox system, the Generalized E...The formalism realised according to the Generalised Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES) is presented and applied to typical redox systems known from the laboratory practice. In any redox system, the Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), perceived as the law of the matter conservation, is derivable from linear combination 2·f(O) – f(H) of elemental balances: f(O) for oxygen and f(H) for hydrogen. It is an equation linearly independent from other (charge and concentration) balances referred to an electrolytic redox system (aqueous media) of any degree of complexity, and named as the primary form of GEB and then denoted as pr-GEB. A compact equation for GEB is obtained from linear combination of 2·f(O) – f(H) with other (charge and concentration) balances. For a non-redox electrolytic system, of any degree of complexity, the balance 2·f(O) – f(H) is not an independent equation. In the derivation of GEB, all known components (species) of the system tested, taken in their real (i.e., hydrated) form, are involved in the balances, and none simplifying assumptions are needed. The redox systems are simulated with use of an iterative computer program.展开更多
The enhanced definition of Mechatronics involves the four underlying characteristics of integrated,unified,unique,and systematic approaches.In this realm,Mechatronics is not limited to electro-mechanical systems,in th...The enhanced definition of Mechatronics involves the four underlying characteristics of integrated,unified,unique,and systematic approaches.In this realm,Mechatronics is not limited to electro-mechanical systems,in the multi-physics sense,but involves other physical domains such as fluid and thermal.This paper summarizes the mechatronic approach to modeling.Linear graphs facilitate the development of state-space models of mechatronic systems,through this approach.The use of linear graphs in mechatronic modeling is outlined and an illustrative example of sound system modeling is given.Both time-domain and frequency-domain approaches are presented for the use of linear graphs.A mechatronic model of a multi-physics system may be simplified by converting all the physical domains into an equivalent single-domain system that is entirely in the output domain of the system.This approach of converting(transforming)physical domains is presented.An illustrative example of a pressure-controlled hydraulic actuator system that operates a mechanical load is given.展开更多
This paper presents a formal approach to design of a solver of an intelligent management information system and its implementation. The approach implies set theoretic modeling based on the general systems concepts and...This paper presents a formal approach to design of a solver of an intelligent management information system and its implementation. The approach implies set theoretic modeling based on the general systems concepts and implementation in the extProlog.There are research efforts which attack (optimization) problems using the set theory and logics. Furthermore, they use logic programming languages for their implementation. Although their methods look quite similar to the approach of this paper, there are clear differences between them. This paper is interested in exploration of the solving system rather than algorithms.The paper first presents a design and implementation procedure of a solver. Then, classification of problems is discussed. The least structured class of the classification is the target of this paper. A data mining system is an example of the class.Formal theories are derived for the design procedure assuming the least structured case. A solving strategy, which is called a hill climbing method with a push down stack, is proposed on the theories.A data mining system is used as an example to illustrate the results.Finally, a full implementation in extProlog is presented for the data mining system.展开更多
Intercultural trust in global contexts plays a central role in helping people from different cultures to communicate comfortably,which is essential for cooperation.Attempting to construct a framework that might foster...Intercultural trust in global contexts plays a central role in helping people from different cultures to communicate comfortably,which is essential for cooperation.Attempting to construct a framework that might foster international cooperation,and thus be helpful for coping with global emergencies,we relate a Western nomological approach to an Eastern systems approach to analyse intercultural trust in global contexts.Considering cultural impacts on intercultural trust and the nomological framework of cultural differences,we propose an intercultural trust model to interpret how cultural differences influence trust.A qualitative study of Chinese-Irish interactions was conducted to interpret this model.We organized 10 seminars on intercultural trust,and interviewed 16 people to further explore the respondents'deeper feelings and experiences about intercultural trust in global contexts.Through this study,we have identified factors impacting on intercultural trust,and found that intercultural trust can be developed and improved in various ways.To llustrate these ways,we have provided tactics and methods for building intercultural trust in global contexts.Implications are highlighted for organizations to avoid cultural clashes and relevant political or economic risks.展开更多
This paper focuses on the trajectory tracking control problem of unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs)with unknown dead-zone inputs.The primary objective is to design an adaptive trajectory tracking error constraint cont...This paper focuses on the trajectory tracking control problem of unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs)with unknown dead-zone inputs.The primary objective is to design an adaptive trajectory tracking error constraint controller using the fully actuated systems(FAs)approach to enable UUVs to asymptotically track target signals.Firstly,a novel error constraint fully actuated systems(ECFAs)approach is proposed by incorporating the tracking error dependent normalized function and barrier function along with time-varying scaling.Secondly,in order to deal with the model uncertainties of the UUVs,adaptive radial basis function neural networks(RBFNNs)is combined with the ECFAs approach.Then,a positive time-varying integral function is introduced to completely eliminate the effect of the residual effect caused by unknown dead-zone inputs,and it is proved that the trajectory tracking error converges to zero asymptotically based on the Lyapunov functions.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed adaptive controller.展开更多
We propose simple and practical approaches to upgrade electronic-repeated systems by using optical amplifiers and zero-dispersion wavelength transmission. Possibility of increasing data rate from 560 Mbit/s to 80 Gbit...We propose simple and practical approaches to upgrade electronic-repeated systems by using optical amplifiers and zero-dispersion wavelength transmission. Possibility of increasing data rate from 560 Mbit/s to 80 Gbit/s in 1,318-km-long Thai-Malaysia system is demonstrated.展开更多
文摘Continuation writing,a new form of testifying students’comprehensive English competence,is also a way to better English as a foreign language.The author here,aiming to use it as an efficient way of boosting students’English competence,proffers a systemic approach for students to getting familiar with and getting close to the writing to improve their ability based on writing after reading.Therefore,this paper is all about the systemic way of approaching continuation writing,including the recognition of the criteria,the ideal writing steps or procedures,the writing evaluation and so on.With all the work done here,the author had hoped to provide the frontline teachers and students a bird view of the continuation writing and a practical way to it.
文摘Large engineering plants(LEPs)have certain unique features that necessitate a maintenance strategy that is a combination of both time and condition based maintenance.Although this requirement is appreciated to varying degrees by asset owners,applied research leading to a systematic development of such a maintenance strategy is the need of the day.Such a strategy should also adopt a wholesome"systemic"approach so that the realization of the overall objectives of maintenance is maximized.E-maintenance has several potential benefits for large engineering plants.In this paper,a three pronged strategy is suggested for the successful implementation of e-maintenance for LEPs.Firstly,an integrated condition and time based maintenance framework is proposed for LEPs.Secondly,reference is drawn to models for condition and time based maintenance at systemic levels.As a part of the ab initio development of a condition monitoring system for a LEP,one of the characteristics of the condition monitoring system,namely,predictability,is discussed in detail as a sample for a systemic study.Thirdly,emphasis is laid on the information and expertise available in the domain of plant design,operation and maintenance and the same is tapped for incorporation in maintenance decision making.
文摘The present study aims to describe theme choices in students＇ writing with a systemic functional approach. The analysis of a student＇s written work chosen at random shows the student writer can apply various theme types in writing after receiving instruction in reading class. The author hopes to propose the pedagogical implication of teaching functional linguistics knowledge to advanced learners, because it gives the view to the students to write cohesive and coherent texts.
文摘Road user charging (RUC) has a long history as a mechanism to recover<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infrastructure maintenance and capital costs. The present RUC systems are facing issues such as transparency, cross-subsidization, environmental concerns and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reducing revenue due to the likes of lessening fuel tax as vehicles become more </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">efficient. Therefore, this paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the present RUC mechanisms implemented in the world with respect to stakeholder problems and demands of the freight industry and to describe the need</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for a more appropriate, practical and sustainable approach that can be used in the future. Finally, a model is proposed that is transparent and considers us</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">age-based charging addressing most of the weaknesses highlighted in the models reviewed. Further, it considers externalities produced by heavy vehicles into a</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ccount. The model has the potential to provide answers to key stakeholder </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">issues and will lead to a sustainable freight transport system in the future. Encourag</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing fuel-efficient modes, optimization of loading, routing and logistics systems, and long term land use planning are a few of them.</span></span>
文摘In the current scenario of global competition and short product life cycles, customer-defined satisfaction has attracted interest in artifact design. Accordingly, intelligent decision-making through multi-objective optimization has been proposed as an efficient method for human-centered manufacturing. However, previous vast researches on optimization have been mainly focused on optimization theory and optimization techniques and paid little interests on the process of problem formulation itself. In this paper, therefore, the authors present a total framework for supporting multi-objective decision making. Then, the authors try to solve the formulated multi-objective optimization problem that involves both qualitative and quantitative performance measures as a general consequence from the above procedure. Taking especially quality as a qualitative measure, the authors gave a new idea to evaluate the quality quantitatively. Additionally, to facilitate the portability of the proposed method in multidisciplinary decision-making environments, the authors implement the proposal algorithm in an Excel spreadsheet and validate the effectiveness of the approach through a case study.
文摘The development and wide application of genetic transformation for cotton improvement are restrained by the unresolved problem of genotype dependence in regeneration in vitro.High embryogenic and regenerative potential have been obtained for limited number of Coker type genotypes。
文摘Accumulating evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure may lead to impaired vaccine responses1-4;however,the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood.Here we prospectively followed 191 healthy,vaginally born,term infants from birth to 15 months,using a systems vaccinology approach to assess the effects of antibiotic exposure on immune responses to vaccination.Exposure to direct neonatal but not intrapartum antibiotics was associated with significantly lower antibody titres against various polysaccharides in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitol phosphate and diphtheria toxoid antigens in the combined 6-in-1 Infanrix Hexa vaccine at 7 months of age.Blood from infants exposed to neonatal antibiotics had an inflammatory transcriptional profile before vaccination;in addition,faecal metagenomics showed reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium species in these infants at the time of vaccination,which was correlated with reduced vaccine antibody titres 6 months later.In preclinical models,responses to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were strongly dependent on an intact microbiota but could be restored in germ-free mice by administering a consortium of Bifidobacterium species or a probiotic already widely used in neonatal units.Our data suggest that microbiota-targeted interventions could mitigate the detrimental effects of early-life antibiotics on vaccine immunogenicity.
文摘The aim of this study was to carry out a dynamic simulation of the energy and environmental performance of a built space system, with a view to assessing its energy and environmental class. The use of a simulation and modeling tool, supported by various methodological references, formed the basis of our approach. Adopting a systemic perspective, we described the structural and functional aspects of the systems making up built spaces, as well as the associated energy flows. Our approach was also based on a typology, taking into account typical days, structural and functional configurations at different scales and angles of observation. The analysis tool we developed in Java was applied to the built space system of the Patte d’Oie university campus in Ouagadougou. Annual electricity consumption was measured at 124387.34 kWh, closely aligned with the average annual electricity bill (125224.31 kWh), with a maximum relative deviation of 1%, followed by a carbon emission balance of 58337.66 kg eq CO<sub>2</sub> per year. This validation confirmed the effectiveness of our tool. In addition, following the analysis of electricity consumption using our tool, the university campus was classified in energy class B and environmental class C. These results will be based on the emission factors of the energy mix of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) territory, with particular emphasis on Burkina Faso.
文摘Integrated management has become an essential approach for sustainable water resource management. However, if the concept seems relevant, its concrete application at the local scale has yet to be undertaken, with all the difficulties related to the complexity underlying the issue. The Rif is characterized by the multiplication and interdependence of uses, the overlapping responsibilities between public and private actors, the superposition of sectoral regulations, which raises the following question: Is the current management of water resources in the Rif mountains suitable for a future constraining on several aspects: socio-economic and climatic? The general objective of this work is to analyze the current management of water resources scientifically, politically, institutionally and legally, to identify the innovations needed for sustainable management and adaptation to climate change in the Rif Mountains. The systemic approach allowed us to highlight and prioritize the structuring elements of water management in the Nekor basin and their interactions. The crossing of hydrological data with socio-economic data allowed us to have a global and multidisciplinary vision of both uses and water resources, and of all the components of the system’s environment, the interdependencies influence the management system, despite the complexity accentuated by the lack of data. Indeed, it was difficult to identify the influence of each component. The current degradation of resources is only a reflection of a socio-cultural crisis that can only be remedied by a change in mentality, economic development, social equity and more solidarity between the city and rural communities.
文摘Unquestionably, communicating entities （object, or things） in the Internet of Things （IoT） context are playing an active role in human activities, systems and processes. The high connectivity of intelligent objects and their severe constraints lead to many security challenges, which are not included in the classical formulation of security problems and solutions. The Security Shield for IoT has been identified by DARPA （Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency） as one of the four projects with a potential impact broader than the Internet itself. To help interested researchers contribute to this research area, an overview of the loT security roadmap overview is presented in this paper based on a novel cognitive and systemic approach. The role of each component of the approach is explained, we also study its interactions with the other main components, and their impact on the overall. A case study is presented to highlight the components and interactions of the systemic and cognitive approach. Then, security questions about privacy, trust, identification, and access control are discussed. According to the novel taxonomy of the loT framework, different research challenges are highlighted, important solutions and research activities are revealed, and interesting research directions are proposed. In addition, current stan dardization activities are surveyed and discussed to the ensure the security of loT components and applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10872126)the Research Fund of the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20100073110007)
文摘The objective of this investigation is to examine the correctness and efficiency of the choice of boundary conditions when using assumed mode approach to simulate flexible multi-body systems. The displacement field due to deformation is approximated by the Rayleigh-Ritz assumed modes in floating frame of reference （FFR） formulation. The deformations obtained by the absolute nodal coordinate （ANC） formulation which are transformed by two sets of reference coordinates are introduced as a criterion to verify the accuracy of the simulation results by using the FFR formulation. The relationship between the deformations obtained from different boundary conditions is revealed. Nu- merical simulation examples demonstrate that the assumed modes with cantilevered-free, simply-supported and free- free boundary conditions without inclusion of rigid body modes are suitable for simulation of flexible multi-body system with large over all motion, and the same physical deformation can be obtained using those mode functions, differ only by a coordinate transformation. It is also shown that when using mode shapes with statically indeterminate boundary conditions, significant error may occur. Furthermore, the slider crank mechanism with rigid crank is accurate enough for investigating boundary condition problem of flexible multi-body system, which cost significant less simulating time.
文摘The paper refers to disproportionation of HIO and NaIO in aqueous media, in static and dynamic systems. The results of calculations, realized according to GATES/GEB principles, with use of an iterative computer program, are presented graphically. An example of the computer program with all physicochemical knowledge involved in the related algorithm is attached herewith.
文摘The formalism realised according to the Generalised Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES) is presented and applied to typical redox systems known from the laboratory practice. In any redox system, the Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), perceived as the law of the matter conservation, is derivable from linear combination 2·f(O) – f(H) of elemental balances: f(O) for oxygen and f(H) for hydrogen. It is an equation linearly independent from other (charge and concentration) balances referred to an electrolytic redox system (aqueous media) of any degree of complexity, and named as the primary form of GEB and then denoted as pr-GEB. A compact equation for GEB is obtained from linear combination of 2·f(O) – f(H) with other (charge and concentration) balances. For a non-redox electrolytic system, of any degree of complexity, the balance 2·f(O) – f(H) is not an independent equation. In the derivation of GEB, all known components (species) of the system tested, taken in their real (i.e., hydrated) form, are involved in the balances, and none simplifying assumptions are needed. The redox systems are simulated with use of an iterative computer program.
基金supported by research grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada
文摘The enhanced definition of Mechatronics involves the four underlying characteristics of integrated,unified,unique,and systematic approaches.In this realm,Mechatronics is not limited to electro-mechanical systems,in the multi-physics sense,but involves other physical domains such as fluid and thermal.This paper summarizes the mechatronic approach to modeling.Linear graphs facilitate the development of state-space models of mechatronic systems,through this approach.The use of linear graphs in mechatronic modeling is outlined and an illustrative example of sound system modeling is given.Both time-domain and frequency-domain approaches are presented for the use of linear graphs.A mechatronic model of a multi-physics system may be simplified by converting all the physical domains into an equivalent single-domain system that is entirely in the output domain of the system.This approach of converting(transforming)physical domains is presented.An illustrative example of a pressure-controlled hydraulic actuator system that operates a mechanical load is given.
文摘This paper presents a formal approach to design of a solver of an intelligent management information system and its implementation. The approach implies set theoretic modeling based on the general systems concepts and implementation in the extProlog.There are research efforts which attack (optimization) problems using the set theory and logics. Furthermore, they use logic programming languages for their implementation. Although their methods look quite similar to the approach of this paper, there are clear differences between them. This paper is interested in exploration of the solving system rather than algorithms.The paper first presents a design and implementation procedure of a solver. Then, classification of problems is discussed. The least structured class of the classification is the target of this paper. A data mining system is an example of the class.Formal theories are derived for the design procedure assuming the least structured case. A solving strategy, which is called a hill climbing method with a push down stack, is proposed on the theories.A data mining system is used as an example to illustrate the results.Finally, a full implementation in extProlog is presented for the data mining system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.72171187the International Cooperation Project of Shaanxi Science and Technology under Grant No.2022WGZJ-15.
文摘Intercultural trust in global contexts plays a central role in helping people from different cultures to communicate comfortably,which is essential for cooperation.Attempting to construct a framework that might foster international cooperation,and thus be helpful for coping with global emergencies,we relate a Western nomological approach to an Eastern systems approach to analyse intercultural trust in global contexts.Considering cultural impacts on intercultural trust and the nomological framework of cultural differences,we propose an intercultural trust model to interpret how cultural differences influence trust.A qualitative study of Chinese-Irish interactions was conducted to interpret this model.We organized 10 seminars on intercultural trust,and interviewed 16 people to further explore the respondents'deeper feelings and experiences about intercultural trust in global contexts.Through this study,we have identified factors impacting on intercultural trust,and found that intercultural trust can be developed and improved in various ways.To llustrate these ways,we have provided tactics and methods for building intercultural trust in global contexts.Implications are highlighted for organizations to avoid cultural clashes and relevant political or economic risks.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62273297,62103353,61825304,and 6182500417in part by the Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.E2020203174+2 种基金in part by Hebei Innovation Capability Improvement Plan Project under Grant No.22567619Hin part by Youth Top Talent Project of Hebei Province under Grant No.HY2024050021in part by Post-graduate Innovation Fund Project of Hebei Province under Grant No.CXZZSS2023042。
文摘This paper focuses on the trajectory tracking control problem of unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs)with unknown dead-zone inputs.The primary objective is to design an adaptive trajectory tracking error constraint controller using the fully actuated systems(FAs)approach to enable UUVs to asymptotically track target signals.Firstly,a novel error constraint fully actuated systems(ECFAs)approach is proposed by incorporating the tracking error dependent normalized function and barrier function along with time-varying scaling.Secondly,in order to deal with the model uncertainties of the UUVs,adaptive radial basis function neural networks(RBFNNs)is combined with the ECFAs approach.Then,a positive time-varying integral function is introduced to completely eliminate the effect of the residual effect caused by unknown dead-zone inputs,and it is proved that the trajectory tracking error converges to zero asymptotically based on the Lyapunov functions.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed adaptive controller.
文摘We propose simple and practical approaches to upgrade electronic-repeated systems by using optical amplifiers and zero-dispersion wavelength transmission. Possibility of increasing data rate from 560 Mbit/s to 80 Gbit/s in 1,318-km-long Thai-Malaysia system is demonstrated.
