All knowledge fields are founded on universal epistemologies and philosophies.This is evident in ancient Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic(Siddha)medical systems,which are integrated into national health systems of Ch...All knowledge fields are founded on universal epistemologies and philosophies.This is evident in ancient Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic(Siddha)medical systems,which are integrated into national health systems of China and India respectively.African natural medicines(ANMs)are not part of national health systems on the African continent because of a lack of systematization frameworks.This article explores classical medical systems drawn from ancient African and Chinese cosmologies.A qualitative research methodology was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 20 respondents selected using a purposeful sampling technique.The data were summarized into systematization frameworks for disease theories,etiology and pathogenesis,diagnosis and prognosis,and treatment including medicines and disease classification.The study findings revealed that in antiquity,Africa had systematic medical cosmologies,remnants of which are evident in current cultural health practices.Therefore,parallels can be drawn in relation to Chinese Taoist and Indian Tantric healing arts.Ancient Africans recognized Ra or iSithunzi(uMbhilini),which correspond to qi or prana and refer to energetic life force in Asian cultures.Shu and Tefnut(Nkomo weLwandle and Dungha Manzi)correspond to yin and yang or purusha and prakriti,the natural principles of polarised duality.The jing or oojas(physiological essences)and wu xing or pancha tattvas(five ele-ments and modes of nature)and their relationships with the zang and fu(five vital organs and visceral organs,respectively)also found their application in African medical cosmologies.The data revealed that ancient and contemporary ANM systems are based on the concept of con-sciousness(saa or ntu)and life force energy,ra.These cosmological concepts are predicated upon the Paut Neteru or Amathogo(archetypal forces)that prescribe properties to everything.On this basis,an African-Kemetic Health Preservation Theory was developed,which gives rise to African theories for disease etiology,pathogenesis,differential diagnoses,comprehensive prognosis,and holistic treatment regimens.In addition,we developed an uBu-Ntu bio-innovation model for integral research,inclusive innova-tion,local technology transfer,holistic enterprising,and conscious commercialization of African natural medicines.It is the intention of the authors to influence policy in the implementation of these theories,models,and frameworks for clinical application and socio-economic development.展开更多
Systematization for the maintenance of buildings enables their supporting system to be more practical than before. This study aims to make the maintenance and the long-term repairs for the buildings to be easier. In J...Systematization for the maintenance of buildings enables their supporting system to be more practical than before. This study aims to make the maintenance and the long-term repairs for the buildings to be easier. In Japan, 30-40-year-old buildings seem to have been planned and built with little thought about their future maintenances, which have made them very difficult to be repaired on a large scale. This is why effective management systems about dealing with the data should be strongly suggested. Since the Building Standard Law was amended on April 1, 2008, in Japan, the regular investigation and report for particular buildings are legally obligated every three years, thus a variety of useful data can be obtained through Kitakyushu City cases as well as former data personally obtained. With those data used usefully, systematization for the maintenance of the buildings will produce satisfactory results by building up a connection between those data and the long-term repair planning.展开更多
The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based...The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based on working process systematization of the practice teaching quality is established, the management of quality evaluation system and the project of the monitoring are put forward.展开更多
Wang Tao (circa 690-756) was from today's Mei County,Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty,and born into an official family.His father,grandfather and brothers served the imperial government for many years and he h...Wang Tao (circa 690-756) was from today's Mei County,Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty,and born into an official family.His father,grandfather and brothers served the imperial government for many years and he himself was put in charge of the imperial library for about 20 years.He compiled the Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library (Wài Tái Mì Yào),a well-known miscellaneous medical masterpiece,which has been honored with a 'treasure handed down from ancient times'.展开更多
Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,and electroacupuncture has a long history of use in stroke treatment.This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electroa...Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,and electroacupuncture has a long history of use in stroke treatment.This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture and explore its potential mechanisms in animal models of ischemic stroke.The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,CENTRAL,and CINAHL databases were comprehensively searched up to May 1,2024.This review included articles on preclinical investigations of the efficacy and mechanisms of electroacupuncture in treating ischemic stroke.Data from 70 eligible studies were analyzed in Stata 18.0,using a random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference(Hedge’s g).The risk of bias was assessed using RevMan 5.4 software,and the quality of evidence was rated according to the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system.Subgroup analyses were conducted to test the consistency of the results and sensitivity analyses were used to assess their robustness.The quality assessment revealed that most studies adequately handled incomplete data and selective reporting.However,several methodological limitations were identified:only 4 studies demonstrated a low risk of allocation concealment,26 achieved a low risk of outcome assessment bias,and 9 had a high risk of randomization bias.Additionally,there was an unclear risk regarding participant blinding and other methodological aspects.The GRADE assessment rated 12 outcomes as moderate quality and 6 as low quality.The mechanisms of electroacupuncture treatment for ischemic stroke can be categorized as five primary pathways:(1)Electroacupuncture significantly reduced infarct volume and apoptotic cell death(P<0.01)in ischemic stroke models;(2)electroacupuncture significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors(P<0.01)while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factors(P=0.02);(3)electroacupuncture reduced the levels of oxidative stress indicators(P<0.01)and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes(P<0.01);(4)electroacupuncture significantly promoted nerve regeneration(P<0.01);and(5)electroacupuncture influenced blood flow remodeling(P<0.01)and angiogenesis(P<0.01).Subgroup analyses indicated that electroacupuncture was most effective in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model(P<0.01)and in post-middle cerebral artery occlusion intervention(P<0.01).Dispersive waves were found to outperform continuous waves with respect to neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects(P<0.01),while scalp acupoints demonstrated greater efficacy than body acupoints(P<0.01).The heterogeneity among the included studies was minimal,and sensitivity analyses indicated stable results.Their methodological quality was generally satisfactory.In conclusion,electroacupuncture is effective in treating cerebral ischemia by modulating cell apoptosis,oxidative stress,inflammation,stroke-induced nerve regeneration,blood flow remodeling,and angiogenesis.The efficacy of electroacupuncture may be influenced by factors such as the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,the timing of intervention onset,waveform,and acupoint selection.Despite the moderate to low quality of evidence,these findings suggest that electroacupuncture has clinical potential for improving outcomes in ischemic stroke.展开更多
N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyl diglycolamide(TODGA)is a potential extractant for the co-extraction of lanthanides and actinides in high-level liquid waste.In this study,the radiolysis and extraction properties of TODGA ...N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyl diglycolamide(TODGA)is a potential extractant for the co-extraction of lanthanides and actinides in high-level liquid waste.In this study,the radiolysis and extraction properties of TODGA in kerosene solvents contacted with the aqueous phase of varying HNO_(3) concentrations were systematically investigated,and the complexation mechanism was analyzed in conjunction with density functional theory(DFT)calculations.After γ-irradiation,the variation of TODGA concentration was detected,and the variation trends in the relative content of radiolysis products(RPs)with sample type and absorbed dose were demonstrated.Results indicated that the breaking of the amide bond,ether bond,and C_(amide)-C_(ether)bond was the primary radiolysis routes.The aqueous-phase precipitate was studied as a potential new mode of TODGA radiolysis in ultrapure water aqueous phase.Moreover,TODGA/kerosene exhibited excellent extraction capabilities for lanthanides even after absorbing 100 kGy,and HNO_(3) can maintain a portion of TODGA's extraction capacity.The DFT method was applied to calculate and evaluate the complexing ability of TODGA and some of its RPs toward lanthanides.The results revealed that the complexing ability of TODGA for Ce(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ),and Dy(Ⅲ)was enhanced successively,and the complexing ability of the RPs with intact oxygen-containing structures could not be neglected.展开更多
Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interv...Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interventions have been shown to help students develop healthy stress coping strategies.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the diverse array of coping interventions and what characteristics of coping interventions were most effective at decreasing stress among healthcare students.Methods:Any intervention designed to address coping for academic stress was included among medical,dental,nursing,physician assistant,allied health,veterinary,psychology,etc.students.A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases,Ancestry,and hand-searching from EBSCO and Google Scholar articles.A final total of 17 studies were included.Standardized mean difference effect sizes(ES)were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for changes in coping levels in healthcare students.Moderator analyses were performed to explore the study,intervention,and participants’characteristics.The risk of bias was assessed by RoB2 and ROBINS-I.Results:Coping interventions significantly reduced stress outcomes among healthcare students(d=0.74;95%CI[0.48–1.01],95%PI[−0.41–1.90],p<0.001,Q=228.49,I^(2)=93.0%,T=0.52,T^(2)=0.28,p<0.001).Moderator analysis showed that interventions with stress education,established professional guidance,and fewer hours led to better stress management outcomes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that coping interventions produce an overall moderate-to-large effect on stress reduction.Future research investigating coping interventions on academic and long-term outcomes would be beneficial.展开更多
Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of...Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.展开更多
We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precisio...We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precision sampling strategy based on prostate cancer’s spatial distribution,aligning with personalized diagnosis trends.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multiple acupuncture therapies in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)using a network Meta-analysis.METHODS:This network Meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA-NMA ...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multiple acupuncture therapies in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)using a network Meta-analysis.METHODS:This network Meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA-NMA guideline.Eight databases were systematically searched from inception to December 31,2023,and retrieved references were managed using End Note 20.The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed with the Cochrane Ro B 2.0 tool(ROB 2.0).Data analysis was performed using R 4.2.1 and STATA 15.1.RESULTS:A total of 56 studies that had enrolled 4859 patients with AR were included.Hand acupuncture(HA)combined with acupoint catgut embedding(AE),hand acupuncture with heat sensitive moxibustion(HA+HSM),and acupoint application were the most effective in attaining the clinical effective rate.HA+AE,hand acupuncture with indirect moxibustion(HA+IM),and electroacupuncture(EA)with AE ranked the highest with respect to the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire Score.HA+IM,HA,and HA+EA yielded the best Total Nasal Symptom Score,whereas HA+AE,EA+AE,and HA had the best results for the Total NonNasal Symptom Score.However,subgroup analyses of clinical efficacy revealed that HA+HSM had the best therapeutic effects in the short term,whereas HA+AE was the most effective in the medium to long term.CONCLUSION:Combined acupuncture and moxibustion therapy may be a safe and effective intervention for patients with AR.HA+IM and HA+AE exhibited the most desirable therapeutic effects compared with other acupuncture and moxibustion therapies.展开更多
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are widely regarded as primary drivers of aging and are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.The degeneration of motor neurons during aging is a critical pa...Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are widely regarded as primary drivers of aging and are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.The degeneration of motor neurons during aging is a critical pathological factor contributing to the progression of sarcopenia.However,the morphological and functional changes in mitochondria and their interplay in the degeneration of the neuromuscular junction during aging remain poorly understood.A defined systematic search of the Pub Med,Web of Science and Embase databases(last accessed on October 30,2024)was conducted with search terms including'mitochondria','aging'and'NMJ'.Clinical and preclinical studies of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuromuscular junction degeneration during aging.Twentyseven studies were included in this systematic review.This systematic review provides a summary of morphological,functional and biological changes in neuromuscular junction,mitochondrial morphology,biosynthesis,respiratory chain function,and mitophagy during aging.We focus on the interactions and mechanisms underlying the relationship between mitochondria and neuromuscular junctions during aging.Aging is characterized by significant reductions in mitochondrial fusion/fission cycles,biosynthesis,and mitochondrial quality control,which may lead to neuromuscular junction dysfunction,denervation and poor physical performance.Motor nerve terminals that exhibit redox sensitivity are among the first to exhibit abnormalities,ultimately leading to an early decline in muscle strength through impaired neuromuscular junction transmission function.Parg coactivator 1 alpha is a crucial molecule that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and modulates various pathways,including the mitochondrial respiratory chain,energy deficiency,oxidative stress,and inflammation.Mitochondrial dysfunction is correlated with neuromuscular junction denervation and acetylcholine receptor fragmentation,resulting in muscle atrophy and a decrease in strength during aging.Physical therapy,pharmacotherapy,and gene therapy can alleviate the structural degeneration and functional deterioration of neuromuscular junction by restoring mitochondrial function.Therefore,mitochondria are considered potential targets for preserving neuromuscular junction morphology and function during aging to treat sarcopenia.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technologies,its applications have become increasingly widespread across various aspects of geography,offering unprecedented analytical capabilities across disc...With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technologies,its applications have become increasingly widespread across various aspects of geography,offering unprecedented analytical capabilities across disciplinary boundaries.Despite this revolutionary potential,a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape and development trajectory of AI in geographical sciences remains limited.To fill this gap,we conducted a large-scale systematic review based on 400,000 geographical publications published from 1990 to 2023.We utilized large language model(LLM)prompt engineering,topic modeling and other natural language processing techniques to analyze the publications.Our findings reveal that AI applications constitute 8.1% of geographical research,with publication volume having increased 20-fold over three decades.Both China and the United States have been the leading contributors to AI-driven geographical studies,together accounting for 62.78% of all publications in this field.Notably,more than half of the studies used traditional machine learning methods.Among the various geographical topics,remote sensing applications and spatial data analysis emerged as the most extensively explored areas using AI techniques,with image feature extraction being the topic with the deepest level of adoption and most significant ongoing impact of AI methods.This systematic review provides critical insights into the integration trajectory of AI within geographical sciences,establishing a foundation for identifying emerging research opportunities and enhancing our understanding of AI’s transformative role in advancing geographical knowledge.展开更多
Background:The mobility of people in rural areas may lead to more and more left-behind children(LBC)appearing,and being an LBC brings a lot of risks to mental health,which could greatly hinder children’s development ...Background:The mobility of people in rural areas may lead to more and more left-behind children(LBC)appearing,and being an LBC brings a lot of risks to mental health,which could greatly hinder children’s development and undermine their happiness and safety in life.Previous scholars have conducted plenty of studies that focused on Chinese rural LBCs’mental health issues,such as what they exactly look like and some potential factors,but there remains a paucity of reviews about the relationship among certain mental health issues.We will try to figure out how the most common mental health issues of LBC in China’s rural areas correlate with each other,as well as their related factors.Methods:In this study,we used a systematic review approach to analyze 35 publications from Web of Science and EBSCO(to August 2025),followed by the sorting standards of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020.Results:By mainly using quantitative techniques,we found that Chinese rural LBC are more likely to have mental health issues than children who have no experience of being left behind,and they often suffer from depression,social anxiety,internet addiction,and suicidal ideation.These four mental health issues share influencing factors and positively correlate with each other.We also found that Chinese rural LBCs are somewhat resilient towards the risk factors of mental health issues,and national or social policies and interventions can really help them a lot.Conclusion:For Chinese rural LBC,there are important relationships among the common psychological disorders they often suffer,along with multiple factors that affect their mental health,which can help related scholars and practitioners pay attention to such mechanisms and think more comprehensively when they try to help the children who are left behind.展开更多
Objective:Current research highlights periodontal disease as a systemic inflammatory condition that may influence extra-oral diseases such as prostatic diseases,which prompted us to explore the potential association.T...Objective:Current research highlights periodontal disease as a systemic inflammatory condition that may influence extra-oral diseases such as prostatic diseases,which prompted us to explore the potential association.To evaluate whether periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of prostatic disease,including prostate cancer,benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),and prostatitis.Methods:A systematic search of observational studies concerning the relationship between periodontal disease and prostatic disease was performed in online databases PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Scopus,CENTRAL,CNKI,and WanFang.Searches were conducted from database inception to 31 July 2025.Pooled hazard ratio(HR)or odds ratio(OR)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were synthesized.Subgroup analysis was used to detect the origin of heterogeneity,sensitivity analysis was employed to evaluate the robustness of the results,and publication bias analyses were also performed.R software was used to perform statistical analyses.Results:Sixteen studies that met the preset criteria were included in this study.In the pooled analysis,periodontal disease was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer(HR=1.23,95%CI:1.16-1.29,p<0.001)or BPH(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.41-1.70,p<0.001).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results.No obvious publication biaswas found in the meta-analysis.Only one cohort study reported that chronic periodontitis increases the risk of prostatitis(HR=2.521,95%CI:1.685-4.005,p<0.001).The effect of periodontal treatment on prostatic disease is still unclear.Conclusions:The systematic review and meta-analysis identified an observational association between periodontal disease and increased risks of prostate cancer and BPH.Because all included studies were observational,these results indicate association rather than causation,and further prospective and mechanistic studies are required to clarify temporality and causality.展开更多
Over the past 160 years,shrubs have expanded globally,significantly altering native ecosystem structures,functions,and services.However,a comprehensive bibliometric perspective on shrub encroachment remains underdevel...Over the past 160 years,shrubs have expanded globally,significantly altering native ecosystem structures,functions,and services.However,a comprehensive bibliometric perspective on shrub encroachment remains underdeveloped,and a holistic research framework is lacking to understand the evolution,current state,and emerging research frontiers.To address this,we conducted a bibliometric analysis and literature review using the R software package,based on the Web of Science Core Collection citation database.Keyword analysis revealed that research has focused on various grassland types,soil nutrients,climate change,and plant communities.Thematic mapping identified key themes,including influencing factors,feedback mechanisms,invasion processes,ecological consequences,shrub management,and quantitative monitoring.Basic themes encompass shrub encroachment,dynamics,fire,grazing,and climate change while emerging themes include decomposition,microbial biomass,and ecosystem function.We synthesized eight key factors driving shrub encroachment:atmospheric CO_(2)concentration,global warming,changes in rainfall patterns,atmospheric nitrogen deposition,topography,soils,herbivory,fire suppression,and land use change.The feedback mechanisms of shrub encroachment,driven by exogenous and maintained by endogenous factors,were categorized into three stages:seed dispersal,colonizing and establishment,and diffusion.Shrub encroachment also impacts ecosystem services,including provisioning(e.g.,forage productivity),regulating(e.g.,hydrological regulation),and supporting(e.g.,carbon sequestration and biodiversity).We also summarized four main approaches to shrub management:burning,biological,chemical,and physical removal.The connections between the ecosystem services affected by shrub encroachment and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were highlighted to achieve synergies across multiple objectives.We emphasize the importance of quantification and monitoring in understanding the causes,consequences,and management of shrub encroachment.We advocate for long-term,location-based,and globally networked experiments and recommend the integration of new technologies,such as LiDAR,drones,and artificial intelligence,into shrub encroachment research.In conclusion,our study provides a comprehensive dataset and research framework for scholars studying shrub encroachment,aiming to deepen our understanding of this ecological process.展开更多
Background:Assess ChatGPT and Bard's effectiveness in the initial identification of articles for Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery systematic literature reviews.Methods:Three PRISMA-based systematic reviews(Ja...Background:Assess ChatGPT and Bard's effectiveness in the initial identification of articles for Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery systematic literature reviews.Methods:Three PRISMA-based systematic reviews(Jabbour et al.2017,Wong et al.2018,and Wu et al.2021)were replicated using ChatGPTv3.5 and Bard.Outputs(author,title,publication year,and journal)were compared to the original references and cross-referenced with medical databases for authenticity and recall.Results:Several themes emerged when comparing Bard and ChatGPT across the three reviews.Bard generated more outputs and had greater recall in Wong et al.'s review,with a broader date range in Jabbour et al.'s review.In Wu et al.'s review,ChatGPT-2 had higher recall and identified more authentic outputs than Bard-2.Conclusion:Large language models(LLMs)failed to fully replicate peer-reviewed methodologies,producing outputs with inaccuracies but identifying relevant,especially recent,articles missed by the references.While human-led PRISMA-based reviews remain the gold standard,refining LLMs for literature reviews shows potential.展开更多
BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different ...BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different factors.AIM To investigate the key determinants of aseptic loosening,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library was conducted,encompassing studies from database inception to January 1,2025.Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with aseptic loosening following pTHA.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were systematically applied at each stage to ensure methodological transparency and reproducibility.Study quality was assessed using standardized categories.Pooled odds ratio(OR)with corresponding 95%confidence interval were calculated with random-or fixed-effects models to generate reliability estimates,and study heterogeneity was visualized using forest plots.Ten factors,categorized into patient-,surgeon-,and device-related domains,were reviewed and meta-analyzed.Funnel plot analysis demonstrated a relatively symmetrical distribution,suggesting minimal publication bias.RESULTS A meta-analysis of 20 studies(520789 participants)found a pooled prevalence of 1.96%.Significant risk factors for aseptic loosening after pTHA included elevated body mass index(OR=1.116,P<0.001),higher Charlson comorbidity index(OR=1.378,P<0.001),prosthesis-related factors(OR=1.497,P<0.001),and adverse lifestyles(OR=2.198,P=0.037).Protective factors were non-white race(OR=0.445,P<0.001)and favorable genetics(OR=0.723,P<0.001).Male sex increased risk(OR=1.232,P=0.016),while age and anatomy were not significant.Surgical expertise showed a slight protective effect(OR=1.048,P<0.001).A comprehensive understanding of the modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to aseptic loosening after pTHA requires consideration of patient-related factors,surgical expertise,and prosthesis characteristics.CONCLUSION The identification of these factors is critical for risk mitigation.High-risk patients should receive targeted counseling regarding individualized profiles.Further studies are warranted to establish clearer causal relationships and identify additional contributing factors.展开更多
Objectives:Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has become a key treatment for melanoma.However,the increasing number of cases of melanoma resistant to immunotherapy highlights the need to develop met...Objectives:Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has become a key treatment for melanoma.However,the increasing number of cases of melanoma resistant to immunotherapy highlights the need to develop methods to overcome this resistance.This study aims to collect the most recent information on melanoma immunotherapy,discuss potential strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy,and identify areas that require further analysis.Methods:To achieve this goal,scientific publications from 2021-2024 available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were analyzed.The databases were searched using the following terms:“melanoma”,“immunotherapy”,“Immune Checkpoint Blockade”,and“immunoresistance”.Results:The results of preclinical and early-stage clinical research indicate the potential application of tank-binding kinase 1(TBK-1),fecal microbiota transplant(FMT),Toll-like Receptor 9(TLR9),lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)containing a stimulator of an interferon gene agonist(STING),BRAF inhibitors,Lymphocyte Activation Gene(LAG-3),T-Cell Immunoglobulin and ITIM Domain(TIGIT),and oncolytic viruses(OVs)as potential methods to enhance melanoma sensitivity to ICB.Discussion:To optimize immunotherapy,further research is needed to determine the detailed mechanisms of action,safety profiles,tolerability,and precise patient selection criteria for methods capable of overcoming melanoma’s immunoresistance.展开更多
Objective:Olfactory dysfunction(OD)is a common and persistent symptom of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)for which effective treatments remain limited.Acupuncture,widely used in Chinese medicine for olfactory disord...Objective:Olfactory dysfunction(OD)is a common and persistent symptom of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)for which effective treatments remain limited.Acupuncture,widely used in Chinese medicine for olfactory disorders has uncertain efficacy in post-COVID-19 OD.Therefore,in this study,we aimed to explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of acupuncture in patients with post-COVID-19 OD.Methods:This study was a dual-phased study.Phase I involved a systematic review conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,encompassing eight databases.Phase II consisted of a pilot randomized controlled trial(RCT)enrolling 25 patients with moderate to severe post-COVID-19 OD.Participants were randomly assigned to receive either real(group A)or sham(group B)acupuncture.The intervention included eight sessions over 4 weeks,with assessments at baseline,post-cycle 1,2-week washout,post-cycle-2 treatment,and 2-week follow-up.The primary outcome was the change in scores on the 12-item Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning and Quality of Life(ASOF).Secondary outcomes included the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements(sQOD-NS)and the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test(UPSIT-TC).Results:The systematic review identified 22 studies(15 case reports,seven RCTs)suggesting that acupuncture may positively influence olfactory function.In the pilot RCT,no significant baseline differences were observed between groups.Group A showed steady improvement across all ASOF domains during Cycle 1(SOC,mean=5.86;SRP,mean=3.26;ORQ,mean=3.98),with slight declines during cycle 2 and 2-week follow-up,though scores remained above baseline.Post-cycle 1,group A showed higher mean SOC and ORQ scores compared with group B(7.00 vs.4.67;3.98 vs.3.39).Improvements in secondary outcomes were also more pronounced in group A,whereas group B showed minimal changes.Conclusion:Acupuncture appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for post-COVID-19 OD,warranting validation through larger clinical trials.展开更多
基金The authors would like to thank the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine for providing the necessary facilities and funding this project(2180071720034).
文摘All knowledge fields are founded on universal epistemologies and philosophies.This is evident in ancient Traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic(Siddha)medical systems,which are integrated into national health systems of China and India respectively.African natural medicines(ANMs)are not part of national health systems on the African continent because of a lack of systematization frameworks.This article explores classical medical systems drawn from ancient African and Chinese cosmologies.A qualitative research methodology was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 20 respondents selected using a purposeful sampling technique.The data were summarized into systematization frameworks for disease theories,etiology and pathogenesis,diagnosis and prognosis,and treatment including medicines and disease classification.The study findings revealed that in antiquity,Africa had systematic medical cosmologies,remnants of which are evident in current cultural health practices.Therefore,parallels can be drawn in relation to Chinese Taoist and Indian Tantric healing arts.Ancient Africans recognized Ra or iSithunzi(uMbhilini),which correspond to qi or prana and refer to energetic life force in Asian cultures.Shu and Tefnut(Nkomo weLwandle and Dungha Manzi)correspond to yin and yang or purusha and prakriti,the natural principles of polarised duality.The jing or oojas(physiological essences)and wu xing or pancha tattvas(five ele-ments and modes of nature)and their relationships with the zang and fu(five vital organs and visceral organs,respectively)also found their application in African medical cosmologies.The data revealed that ancient and contemporary ANM systems are based on the concept of con-sciousness(saa or ntu)and life force energy,ra.These cosmological concepts are predicated upon the Paut Neteru or Amathogo(archetypal forces)that prescribe properties to everything.On this basis,an African-Kemetic Health Preservation Theory was developed,which gives rise to African theories for disease etiology,pathogenesis,differential diagnoses,comprehensive prognosis,and holistic treatment regimens.In addition,we developed an uBu-Ntu bio-innovation model for integral research,inclusive innova-tion,local technology transfer,holistic enterprising,and conscious commercialization of African natural medicines.It is the intention of the authors to influence policy in the implementation of these theories,models,and frameworks for clinical application and socio-economic development.
文摘Systematization for the maintenance of buildings enables their supporting system to be more practical than before. This study aims to make the maintenance and the long-term repairs for the buildings to be easier. In Japan, 30-40-year-old buildings seem to have been planned and built with little thought about their future maintenances, which have made them very difficult to be repaired on a large scale. This is why effective management systems about dealing with the data should be strongly suggested. Since the Building Standard Law was amended on April 1, 2008, in Japan, the regular investigation and report for particular buildings are legally obligated every three years, thus a variety of useful data can be obtained through Kitakyushu City cases as well as former data personally obtained. With those data used usefully, systematization for the maintenance of the buildings will produce satisfactory results by building up a connection between those data and the long-term repair planning.
文摘The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based on working process systematization of the practice teaching quality is established, the management of quality evaluation system and the project of the monitoring are put forward.
文摘Wang Tao (circa 690-756) was from today's Mei County,Shaanxi Province in the Tang Dynasty,and born into an official family.His father,grandfather and brothers served the imperial government for many years and he himself was put in charge of the imperial library for about 20 years.He compiled the Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library (Wài Tái Mì Yào),a well-known miscellaneous medical masterpiece,which has been honored with a 'treasure handed down from ancient times'.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82174496(to NW),82374574(to NW),82302865(to LL)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Sailing Program,Nos.23YF1403800(to LL),23YF1405200(to YX)Shanghai Hospital Development Center Foundation-Shanghai Municipal Hospital Rehabilitation Medicine Specialty Alliance,No.SHDC22023304(to YW).
文摘Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,and electroacupuncture has a long history of use in stroke treatment.This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture and explore its potential mechanisms in animal models of ischemic stroke.The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,CENTRAL,and CINAHL databases were comprehensively searched up to May 1,2024.This review included articles on preclinical investigations of the efficacy and mechanisms of electroacupuncture in treating ischemic stroke.Data from 70 eligible studies were analyzed in Stata 18.0,using a random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference(Hedge’s g).The risk of bias was assessed using RevMan 5.4 software,and the quality of evidence was rated according to the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system.Subgroup analyses were conducted to test the consistency of the results and sensitivity analyses were used to assess their robustness.The quality assessment revealed that most studies adequately handled incomplete data and selective reporting.However,several methodological limitations were identified:only 4 studies demonstrated a low risk of allocation concealment,26 achieved a low risk of outcome assessment bias,and 9 had a high risk of randomization bias.Additionally,there was an unclear risk regarding participant blinding and other methodological aspects.The GRADE assessment rated 12 outcomes as moderate quality and 6 as low quality.The mechanisms of electroacupuncture treatment for ischemic stroke can be categorized as five primary pathways:(1)Electroacupuncture significantly reduced infarct volume and apoptotic cell death(P<0.01)in ischemic stroke models;(2)electroacupuncture significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors(P<0.01)while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factors(P=0.02);(3)electroacupuncture reduced the levels of oxidative stress indicators(P<0.01)and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes(P<0.01);(4)electroacupuncture significantly promoted nerve regeneration(P<0.01);and(5)electroacupuncture influenced blood flow remodeling(P<0.01)and angiogenesis(P<0.01).Subgroup analyses indicated that electroacupuncture was most effective in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model(P<0.01)and in post-middle cerebral artery occlusion intervention(P<0.01).Dispersive waves were found to outperform continuous waves with respect to neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects(P<0.01),while scalp acupoints demonstrated greater efficacy than body acupoints(P<0.01).The heterogeneity among the included studies was minimal,and sensitivity analyses indicated stable results.Their methodological quality was generally satisfactory.In conclusion,electroacupuncture is effective in treating cerebral ischemia by modulating cell apoptosis,oxidative stress,inflammation,stroke-induced nerve regeneration,blood flow remodeling,and angiogenesis.The efficacy of electroacupuncture may be influenced by factors such as the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,the timing of intervention onset,waveform,and acupoint selection.Despite the moderate to low quality of evidence,these findings suggest that electroacupuncture has clinical potential for improving outcomes in ischemic stroke.
文摘N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyl diglycolamide(TODGA)is a potential extractant for the co-extraction of lanthanides and actinides in high-level liquid waste.In this study,the radiolysis and extraction properties of TODGA in kerosene solvents contacted with the aqueous phase of varying HNO_(3) concentrations were systematically investigated,and the complexation mechanism was analyzed in conjunction with density functional theory(DFT)calculations.After γ-irradiation,the variation of TODGA concentration was detected,and the variation trends in the relative content of radiolysis products(RPs)with sample type and absorbed dose were demonstrated.Results indicated that the breaking of the amide bond,ether bond,and C_(amide)-C_(ether)bond was the primary radiolysis routes.The aqueous-phase precipitate was studied as a potential new mode of TODGA radiolysis in ultrapure water aqueous phase.Moreover,TODGA/kerosene exhibited excellent extraction capabilities for lanthanides even after absorbing 100 kGy,and HNO_(3) can maintain a portion of TODGA's extraction capacity.The DFT method was applied to calculate and evaluate the complexing ability of TODGA and some of its RPs toward lanthanides.The results revealed that the complexing ability of TODGA for Ce(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ),and Dy(Ⅲ)was enhanced successively,and the complexing ability of the RPs with intact oxygen-containing structures could not be neglected.
文摘Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interventions have been shown to help students develop healthy stress coping strategies.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the diverse array of coping interventions and what characteristics of coping interventions were most effective at decreasing stress among healthcare students.Methods:Any intervention designed to address coping for academic stress was included among medical,dental,nursing,physician assistant,allied health,veterinary,psychology,etc.students.A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases,Ancestry,and hand-searching from EBSCO and Google Scholar articles.A final total of 17 studies were included.Standardized mean difference effect sizes(ES)were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for changes in coping levels in healthcare students.Moderator analyses were performed to explore the study,intervention,and participants’characteristics.The risk of bias was assessed by RoB2 and ROBINS-I.Results:Coping interventions significantly reduced stress outcomes among healthcare students(d=0.74;95%CI[0.48–1.01],95%PI[−0.41–1.90],p<0.001,Q=228.49,I^(2)=93.0%,T=0.52,T^(2)=0.28,p<0.001).Moderator analysis showed that interventions with stress education,established professional guidance,and fewer hours led to better stress management outcomes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that coping interventions produce an overall moderate-to-large effect on stress reduction.Future research investigating coping interventions on academic and long-term outcomes would be beneficial.
基金supported by the Fuxing Nursing Research Foundation of Fudan University[FNF202352].
文摘Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.
文摘We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precision sampling strategy based on prostate cancer’s spatial distribution,aligning with personalized diagnosis trends.
基金Supported by Guangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-Level Key Discipline in Traditional Chinese Medicine-Acupuncture and Moxibustion Project(No.2025013-03-05)Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Guangxi School Apricot Grove Top Talents Project(No.2022C017)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multiple acupuncture therapies in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)using a network Meta-analysis.METHODS:This network Meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA-NMA guideline.Eight databases were systematically searched from inception to December 31,2023,and retrieved references were managed using End Note 20.The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed with the Cochrane Ro B 2.0 tool(ROB 2.0).Data analysis was performed using R 4.2.1 and STATA 15.1.RESULTS:A total of 56 studies that had enrolled 4859 patients with AR were included.Hand acupuncture(HA)combined with acupoint catgut embedding(AE),hand acupuncture with heat sensitive moxibustion(HA+HSM),and acupoint application were the most effective in attaining the clinical effective rate.HA+AE,hand acupuncture with indirect moxibustion(HA+IM),and electroacupuncture(EA)with AE ranked the highest with respect to the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire Score.HA+IM,HA,and HA+EA yielded the best Total Nasal Symptom Score,whereas HA+AE,EA+AE,and HA had the best results for the Total NonNasal Symptom Score.However,subgroup analyses of clinical efficacy revealed that HA+HSM had the best therapeutic effects in the short term,whereas HA+AE was the most effective in the medium to long term.CONCLUSION:Combined acupuncture and moxibustion therapy may be a safe and effective intervention for patients with AR.HA+IM and HA+AE exhibited the most desirable therapeutic effects compared with other acupuncture and moxibustion therapies.
基金supported by grants from Collaborative Research Fund(Ref:C4032-21GF)General Research Grant(Ref:14114822)+1 种基金Group Research Scheme(Ref:3110146)Area of Excellence(Ref:Ao E/M-402/20)。
文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are widely regarded as primary drivers of aging and are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.The degeneration of motor neurons during aging is a critical pathological factor contributing to the progression of sarcopenia.However,the morphological and functional changes in mitochondria and their interplay in the degeneration of the neuromuscular junction during aging remain poorly understood.A defined systematic search of the Pub Med,Web of Science and Embase databases(last accessed on October 30,2024)was conducted with search terms including'mitochondria','aging'and'NMJ'.Clinical and preclinical studies of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuromuscular junction degeneration during aging.Twentyseven studies were included in this systematic review.This systematic review provides a summary of morphological,functional and biological changes in neuromuscular junction,mitochondrial morphology,biosynthesis,respiratory chain function,and mitophagy during aging.We focus on the interactions and mechanisms underlying the relationship between mitochondria and neuromuscular junctions during aging.Aging is characterized by significant reductions in mitochondrial fusion/fission cycles,biosynthesis,and mitochondrial quality control,which may lead to neuromuscular junction dysfunction,denervation and poor physical performance.Motor nerve terminals that exhibit redox sensitivity are among the first to exhibit abnormalities,ultimately leading to an early decline in muscle strength through impaired neuromuscular junction transmission function.Parg coactivator 1 alpha is a crucial molecule that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and modulates various pathways,including the mitochondrial respiratory chain,energy deficiency,oxidative stress,and inflammation.Mitochondrial dysfunction is correlated with neuromuscular junction denervation and acetylcholine receptor fragmentation,resulting in muscle atrophy and a decrease in strength during aging.Physical therapy,pharmacotherapy,and gene therapy can alleviate the structural degeneration and functional deterioration of neuromuscular junction by restoring mitochondrial function.Therefore,mitochondria are considered potential targets for preserving neuromuscular junction morphology and function during aging to treat sarcopenia.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0740100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42571540 and 42222110).
文摘With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technologies,its applications have become increasingly widespread across various aspects of geography,offering unprecedented analytical capabilities across disciplinary boundaries.Despite this revolutionary potential,a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape and development trajectory of AI in geographical sciences remains limited.To fill this gap,we conducted a large-scale systematic review based on 400,000 geographical publications published from 1990 to 2023.We utilized large language model(LLM)prompt engineering,topic modeling and other natural language processing techniques to analyze the publications.Our findings reveal that AI applications constitute 8.1% of geographical research,with publication volume having increased 20-fold over three decades.Both China and the United States have been the leading contributors to AI-driven geographical studies,together accounting for 62.78% of all publications in this field.Notably,more than half of the studies used traditional machine learning methods.Among the various geographical topics,remote sensing applications and spatial data analysis emerged as the most extensively explored areas using AI techniques,with image feature extraction being the topic with the deepest level of adoption and most significant ongoing impact of AI methods.This systematic review provides critical insights into the integration trajectory of AI within geographical sciences,establishing a foundation for identifying emerging research opportunities and enhancing our understanding of AI’s transformative role in advancing geographical knowledge.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.1233300002).
文摘Background:The mobility of people in rural areas may lead to more and more left-behind children(LBC)appearing,and being an LBC brings a lot of risks to mental health,which could greatly hinder children’s development and undermine their happiness and safety in life.Previous scholars have conducted plenty of studies that focused on Chinese rural LBCs’mental health issues,such as what they exactly look like and some potential factors,but there remains a paucity of reviews about the relationship among certain mental health issues.We will try to figure out how the most common mental health issues of LBC in China’s rural areas correlate with each other,as well as their related factors.Methods:In this study,we used a systematic review approach to analyze 35 publications from Web of Science and EBSCO(to August 2025),followed by the sorting standards of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020.Results:By mainly using quantitative techniques,we found that Chinese rural LBC are more likely to have mental health issues than children who have no experience of being left behind,and they often suffer from depression,social anxiety,internet addiction,and suicidal ideation.These four mental health issues share influencing factors and positively correlate with each other.We also found that Chinese rural LBCs are somewhat resilient towards the risk factors of mental health issues,and national or social policies and interventions can really help them a lot.Conclusion:For Chinese rural LBC,there are important relationships among the common psychological disorders they often suffer,along with multiple factors that affect their mental health,which can help related scholars and practitioners pay attention to such mechanisms and think more comprehensively when they try to help the children who are left behind.
文摘Objective:Current research highlights periodontal disease as a systemic inflammatory condition that may influence extra-oral diseases such as prostatic diseases,which prompted us to explore the potential association.To evaluate whether periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of prostatic disease,including prostate cancer,benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),and prostatitis.Methods:A systematic search of observational studies concerning the relationship between periodontal disease and prostatic disease was performed in online databases PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Scopus,CENTRAL,CNKI,and WanFang.Searches were conducted from database inception to 31 July 2025.Pooled hazard ratio(HR)or odds ratio(OR)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were synthesized.Subgroup analysis was used to detect the origin of heterogeneity,sensitivity analysis was employed to evaluate the robustness of the results,and publication bias analyses were also performed.R software was used to perform statistical analyses.Results:Sixteen studies that met the preset criteria were included in this study.In the pooled analysis,periodontal disease was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer(HR=1.23,95%CI:1.16-1.29,p<0.001)or BPH(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.41-1.70,p<0.001).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results.No obvious publication biaswas found in the meta-analysis.Only one cohort study reported that chronic periodontitis increases the risk of prostatitis(HR=2.521,95%CI:1.685-4.005,p<0.001).The effect of periodontal treatment on prostatic disease is still unclear.Conclusions:The systematic review and meta-analysis identified an observational association between periodontal disease and increased risks of prostate cancer and BPH.Because all included studies were observational,these results indicate association rather than causation,and further prospective and mechanistic studies are required to clarify temporality and causality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401433)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1501001)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2024AAC03127)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20232621)the Ningxia Higher Education Institutions First-Class Discipline Construction Project(NXYLXK2017A01).
文摘Over the past 160 years,shrubs have expanded globally,significantly altering native ecosystem structures,functions,and services.However,a comprehensive bibliometric perspective on shrub encroachment remains underdeveloped,and a holistic research framework is lacking to understand the evolution,current state,and emerging research frontiers.To address this,we conducted a bibliometric analysis and literature review using the R software package,based on the Web of Science Core Collection citation database.Keyword analysis revealed that research has focused on various grassland types,soil nutrients,climate change,and plant communities.Thematic mapping identified key themes,including influencing factors,feedback mechanisms,invasion processes,ecological consequences,shrub management,and quantitative monitoring.Basic themes encompass shrub encroachment,dynamics,fire,grazing,and climate change while emerging themes include decomposition,microbial biomass,and ecosystem function.We synthesized eight key factors driving shrub encroachment:atmospheric CO_(2)concentration,global warming,changes in rainfall patterns,atmospheric nitrogen deposition,topography,soils,herbivory,fire suppression,and land use change.The feedback mechanisms of shrub encroachment,driven by exogenous and maintained by endogenous factors,were categorized into three stages:seed dispersal,colonizing and establishment,and diffusion.Shrub encroachment also impacts ecosystem services,including provisioning(e.g.,forage productivity),regulating(e.g.,hydrological regulation),and supporting(e.g.,carbon sequestration and biodiversity).We also summarized four main approaches to shrub management:burning,biological,chemical,and physical removal.The connections between the ecosystem services affected by shrub encroachment and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were highlighted to achieve synergies across multiple objectives.We emphasize the importance of quantification and monitoring in understanding the causes,consequences,and management of shrub encroachment.We advocate for long-term,location-based,and globally networked experiments and recommend the integration of new technologies,such as LiDAR,drones,and artificial intelligence,into shrub encroachment research.In conclusion,our study provides a comprehensive dataset and research framework for scholars studying shrub encroachment,aiming to deepen our understanding of this ecological process.
文摘Background:Assess ChatGPT and Bard's effectiveness in the initial identification of articles for Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery systematic literature reviews.Methods:Three PRISMA-based systematic reviews(Jabbour et al.2017,Wong et al.2018,and Wu et al.2021)were replicated using ChatGPTv3.5 and Bard.Outputs(author,title,publication year,and journal)were compared to the original references and cross-referenced with medical databases for authenticity and recall.Results:Several themes emerged when comparing Bard and ChatGPT across the three reviews.Bard generated more outputs and had greater recall in Wong et al.'s review,with a broader date range in Jabbour et al.'s review.In Wu et al.'s review,ChatGPT-2 had higher recall and identified more authentic outputs than Bard-2.Conclusion:Large language models(LLMs)failed to fully replicate peer-reviewed methodologies,producing outputs with inaccuracies but identifying relevant,especially recent,articles missed by the references.While human-led PRISMA-based reviews remain the gold standard,refining LLMs for literature reviews shows potential.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82402789Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Youcai Plan,No.KYYC202402+1 种基金Beijing Jishuitan Research Funding,No.HL202402and Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.L232062,No.L222063.
文摘BACKGROUND Aseptic loosening remains the leading cause of revision in primary total hip arthroplasty(pTHA).However,the literature demonstrates significant variability regarding the relative contributions of different factors.AIM To investigate the key determinants of aseptic loosening,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library was conducted,encompassing studies from database inception to January 1,2025.Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with aseptic loosening following pTHA.Inclusion and exclusion criteria were systematically applied at each stage to ensure methodological transparency and reproducibility.Study quality was assessed using standardized categories.Pooled odds ratio(OR)with corresponding 95%confidence interval were calculated with random-or fixed-effects models to generate reliability estimates,and study heterogeneity was visualized using forest plots.Ten factors,categorized into patient-,surgeon-,and device-related domains,were reviewed and meta-analyzed.Funnel plot analysis demonstrated a relatively symmetrical distribution,suggesting minimal publication bias.RESULTS A meta-analysis of 20 studies(520789 participants)found a pooled prevalence of 1.96%.Significant risk factors for aseptic loosening after pTHA included elevated body mass index(OR=1.116,P<0.001),higher Charlson comorbidity index(OR=1.378,P<0.001),prosthesis-related factors(OR=1.497,P<0.001),and adverse lifestyles(OR=2.198,P=0.037).Protective factors were non-white race(OR=0.445,P<0.001)and favorable genetics(OR=0.723,P<0.001).Male sex increased risk(OR=1.232,P=0.016),while age and anatomy were not significant.Surgical expertise showed a slight protective effect(OR=1.048,P<0.001).A comprehensive understanding of the modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to aseptic loosening after pTHA requires consideration of patient-related factors,surgical expertise,and prosthesis characteristics.CONCLUSION The identification of these factors is critical for risk mitigation.High-risk patients should receive targeted counseling regarding individualized profiles.Further studies are warranted to establish clearer causal relationships and identify additional contributing factors.
文摘Objectives:Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has become a key treatment for melanoma.However,the increasing number of cases of melanoma resistant to immunotherapy highlights the need to develop methods to overcome this resistance.This study aims to collect the most recent information on melanoma immunotherapy,discuss potential strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy,and identify areas that require further analysis.Methods:To achieve this goal,scientific publications from 2021-2024 available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were analyzed.The databases were searched using the following terms:“melanoma”,“immunotherapy”,“Immune Checkpoint Blockade”,and“immunoresistance”.Results:The results of preclinical and early-stage clinical research indicate the potential application of tank-binding kinase 1(TBK-1),fecal microbiota transplant(FMT),Toll-like Receptor 9(TLR9),lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)containing a stimulator of an interferon gene agonist(STING),BRAF inhibitors,Lymphocyte Activation Gene(LAG-3),T-Cell Immunoglobulin and ITIM Domain(TIGIT),and oncolytic viruses(OVs)as potential methods to enhance melanoma sensitivity to ICB.Discussion:To optimize immunotherapy,further research is needed to determine the detailed mechanisms of action,safety profiles,tolerability,and precise patient selection criteria for methods capable of overcoming melanoma’s immunoresistance.
基金jointly supported by Hong Kong Baptist University(SCM-2020-001)Haven of Hope—The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinic cum Training and Research Centre(Sai Kung District)Tseung Kwan O Hospital of Hospital Authority,Hong Kong,China,for expenses and equipment.
文摘Objective:Olfactory dysfunction(OD)is a common and persistent symptom of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)for which effective treatments remain limited.Acupuncture,widely used in Chinese medicine for olfactory disorders has uncertain efficacy in post-COVID-19 OD.Therefore,in this study,we aimed to explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of acupuncture in patients with post-COVID-19 OD.Methods:This study was a dual-phased study.Phase I involved a systematic review conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,encompassing eight databases.Phase II consisted of a pilot randomized controlled trial(RCT)enrolling 25 patients with moderate to severe post-COVID-19 OD.Participants were randomly assigned to receive either real(group A)or sham(group B)acupuncture.The intervention included eight sessions over 4 weeks,with assessments at baseline,post-cycle 1,2-week washout,post-cycle-2 treatment,and 2-week follow-up.The primary outcome was the change in scores on the 12-item Assessment of Self-Reported Olfactory Functioning and Quality of Life(ASOF).Secondary outcomes included the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements(sQOD-NS)and the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test(UPSIT-TC).Results:The systematic review identified 22 studies(15 case reports,seven RCTs)suggesting that acupuncture may positively influence olfactory function.In the pilot RCT,no significant baseline differences were observed between groups.Group A showed steady improvement across all ASOF domains during Cycle 1(SOC,mean=5.86;SRP,mean=3.26;ORQ,mean=3.98),with slight declines during cycle 2 and 2-week follow-up,though scores remained above baseline.Post-cycle 1,group A showed higher mean SOC and ORQ scores compared with group B(7.00 vs.4.67;3.98 vs.3.39).Improvements in secondary outcomes were also more pronounced in group A,whereas group B showed minimal changes.Conclusion:Acupuncture appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for post-COVID-19 OD,warranting validation through larger clinical trials.
