The key notions in Halliday's Systematic Grammar and Functional Grammar are first summarized, and then contrasted with Chomsky's Transformational-Generative Grammar. Results show that Systematic-Functional Gra...The key notions in Halliday's Systematic Grammar and Functional Grammar are first summarized, and then contrasted with Chomsky's Transformational-Generative Grammar. Results show that Systematic-Functional Grammar could be viewed as complementa ry to Transformational-Generative Grammar. They combine to reveal the whole picture of language.展开更多
According to the development of linguistics and language teaching,it can be inferred that various linguistic theories have played a significance role in language teaching.Considering the demands of society on the lang...According to the development of linguistics and language teaching,it can be inferred that various linguistic theories have played a significance role in language teaching.Considering the demands of society on the language teaching,it seems that Systematic-Functional(SF) Grammar benefits more in today's language teaching.In this paper,the four core ideas of system,multi-levels,functions,and context and their inspirations on language teaching are talked about.展开更多
This paper conducts a systematic study of the preposition“zai”in Modern Chinese from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar.By analyzing the spatial positioning function,temporal positioning function,and abstract rela...This paper conducts a systematic study of the preposition“zai”in Modern Chinese from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar.By analyzing the spatial positioning function,temporal positioning function,and abstract relation expression function of“zai”,it reveals the cognitive basis of its polysemy.The study finds that the semantic network of“zai”takes the spatial concept as the core,expanding to temporal and other abstract domains through metaphorical and metonymic mechanisms.The research adopts a combined method of cognitive grammar analysis,corpus analysis,and historical comparative method.Based on a large number of actual corpus data,it systematically investigates the synchronic distribution and diachronic evolution characteristics of“zai”.展开更多
Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks...Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks often treat article usage through a dichotomy of“specific vs.non-specific reference”,yet struggle to effectively explain numerous marginal and unconventional linguistic phenomena,such as expressions like“go to the hospital”and“a Mr.Brown”.With the development of cognitive linguistics,language is viewed as an externalization of mental activity,and the intrinsic connection between linguistic structure and cognitive mechanisms has gained increasing attention.This paper,grounded in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theory,systematically analyzes the semantic construction process and cognitive motivations of English articles by integrating cognitive mechanisms such as figure-ground alignment,subjectivity,and mental spaces.By combining typical sentence examples,the paper reveals the deep cognitive structures underlying article usage from the dual perspectives of semantic representation and communicative function,aiming to provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for the grammatical teaching and cognitive research of English articles.展开更多
Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Ba...Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.展开更多
Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph gr...Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.展开更多
[Objective] To examine the grammar model based on lexical substring exac- tion for RNA secondary structure prediction. [Method] By introducing cloud model into stochastic grammar model, a machine learning algorithm su...[Objective] To examine the grammar model based on lexical substring exac- tion for RNA secondary structure prediction. [Method] By introducing cloud model into stochastic grammar model, a machine learning algorithm suitable for the lexicalized stochastic grammar model was proposed. The word grid mode was used to extract and divide RNA sequence to acquire lexical substring, and the cloud classifier was used to search the maximum probability of each lemma which was marked as a certain sec- ondary structure type. Then, the lemma information was introduced into the training stochastic grammar process as prior information, realizing the prediction on the sec- ondary structure of RNA, and the method was tested by experiment. [Result] The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy and searching speed of stochastic grammar cloud model were significantly improved from the prediction with simple stochastic grammar. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the wide application of stochastic grammar model for RNA secondary structure prediction.展开更多
Most of local feature descriptors assume that the scene is planar. In the real scene, the captured images come from the 3-D world. 3-D corner as a novel invariant feature is important for the image matching and the ob...Most of local feature descriptors assume that the scene is planar. In the real scene, the captured images come from the 3-D world. 3-D corner as a novel invariant feature is important for the image matching and the object detection, while automatically discriminating 3-D corners from ordinary corners is difficult. A novel method for 3-D corner detection is proposed based on the image graph grammar, and it can detect the 3-D features of corners to some extent. Experimental results show that the method is valid and the 3-D corner is useful for image matching.展开更多
It has long been in dispute about whether explicit grammar teaching is more effective in second language learning or implicit grammar teaching is.However,there are more than one factor to take into consideration while...It has long been in dispute about whether explicit grammar teaching is more effective in second language learning or implicit grammar teaching is.However,there are more than one factor to take into consideration while discussing which way is better for L2 learners.This short essay aims at depicting three respects concerning grammar teaching,namely learning context,language learners'beliefs and needs,and grammar instruction.When educators and practitioners try to adopt grammar instruction either implicitly or explicitly in L2 learners'writing development,they probably need to consider the above three factors and to find out the best way to produce more effective teaching results among their students.展开更多
Cognitive context of grammar refers to morpheme context,word or phrase context,syntax context,sentence context,semantic context of sentences,and discourse context.Cognitive context constraints the meaning of grammatic...Cognitive context of grammar refers to morpheme context,word or phrase context,syntax context,sentence context,semantic context of sentences,and discourse context.Cognitive context constraints the meaning of grammatical structure,and the grammatical structure depends on the cognitive context.展开更多
To solve the ambiguous understanding of Grammar Teaching position,based on explicit grammatical knowledge,this paper discusses the grammar position in EFL,compares both its pros and cons between deductive and inductiv...To solve the ambiguous understanding of Grammar Teaching position,based on explicit grammatical knowledge,this paper discusses the grammar position in EFL,compares both its pros and cons between deductive and inductive approaches,and indicates that grammar teaching by either approach alone has disadvantages,should adopt a combination technique.展开更多
This Paper mainly focuses on the Differences between American English and British English in Grammar. It discusses ten aspects of their differences with example(sthat is , differences in the use of certain verbs; diff...This Paper mainly focuses on the Differences between American English and British English in Grammar. It discusses ten aspects of their differences with example(sthat is , differences in the use of certain verbs; differences in the use of articles; differences in the use of prepositions ;the use of subjunctive; tense differences ;the use of collective nouns ;the way of expressing dates; the treatment of a repeated subject after the indefinite pronoun"one"; response question; negative form of the first person.).展开更多
As a term of cognitive psychology, image is closely related to grammar analysis. The present paper takes English as an example and through the analysis of parameters--basal body and side, selection, angle of view, deg...As a term of cognitive psychology, image is closely related to grammar analysis. The present paper takes English as an example and through the analysis of parameters--basal body and side, selection, angle of view, degree of detail, prominence, which constitute different images, to demonstrate the relationship between image and English grammar analysis.展开更多
The quality of language use is mainly evaluated at the levels of correctness,appropriateness and creativeness.Stylisticfeatures are manifested at the levels of appropriateness and creativeness.In traditional English g...The quality of language use is mainly evaluated at the levels of correctness,appropriateness and creativeness.Stylisticfeatures are manifested at the levels of appropriateness and creativeness.In traditional English grammar teaching,much effort isput on the correctness.Appropriateness is treated in part and creativeness is largely ignored.Isolated from concrete contexts,lin-guistic materials used for grammar teaching tend to be inefficient to ensure effective communication.The teaching of dry grammati-cal rules may lead to monotony and boredom in grammar learning.If the linguistic materials used in grammar teaching address cor-rectness,appropriateness and creativeness in language use simultaneously and are closer to life,grammar learning may be morefruitful.As literary texts are characterized by both the social discourses under multiple contexts and personal tastes,their styles arerich and lively.Therefore,to embed literary texts in English grammar teaching will not only create a more concrete,meaningful andinteresting context for the learning of grammatical rules but also be beneficial for the cultivation of stylistic awareness.展开更多
The author adopts the research methods of presentations → contrasts → analyses by perceiving the drawbacks of traditional Chinese grammar teaching based on her overseas study experience as well as the understanding ...The author adopts the research methods of presentations → contrasts → analyses by perceiving the drawbacks of traditional Chinese grammar teaching based on her overseas study experience as well as the understanding and study on the overseas related teaching methods, tries to use some new concepts and practice of foreign countries for reference, and works out the way to improve the traditional Chinese teaching methods.展开更多
Of the many issues surrounding grammar, perhaps the hottest debate is whether to teach it or not. We review briefly arguments against and in support of grammar teaching before examining current grammar approaches in s...Of the many issues surrounding grammar, perhaps the hottest debate is whether to teach it or not. We review briefly arguments against and in support of grammar teaching before examining current grammar approaches in second language teaching.展开更多
Grammar has been an important part of school teaching,language study and applying,and the word grammar has vari ous definitions.During the development of linguistics,lots of grammatical schools emerge,and different sc...Grammar has been an important part of school teaching,language study and applying,and the word grammar has vari ous definitions.During the development of linguistics,lots of grammatical schools emerge,and different schools have different opinions on grammar.This article first of all presents some different definitions and theories of different grammatical schools.It then analyses some main grammatical theories of those schools.Finally,it airs the present writer’s view about the nature of gram mar by analyzing specifically the opinions of those different grammatical schools.展开更多
According to the analysis, there are still many problems in our foreign language teaching. To improve students' English acquisition, foreign language teaching should follow the law of SLA based on the function of ...According to the analysis, there are still many problems in our foreign language teaching. To improve students' English acquisition, foreign language teaching should follow the law of SLA based on the function of internalized grammar.展开更多
文摘The key notions in Halliday's Systematic Grammar and Functional Grammar are first summarized, and then contrasted with Chomsky's Transformational-Generative Grammar. Results show that Systematic-Functional Grammar could be viewed as complementa ry to Transformational-Generative Grammar. They combine to reveal the whole picture of language.
文摘According to the development of linguistics and language teaching,it can be inferred that various linguistic theories have played a significance role in language teaching.Considering the demands of society on the language teaching,it seems that Systematic-Functional(SF) Grammar benefits more in today's language teaching.In this paper,the four core ideas of system,multi-levels,functions,and context and their inspirations on language teaching are talked about.
文摘This paper conducts a systematic study of the preposition“zai”in Modern Chinese from the perspective of Cognitive Grammar.By analyzing the spatial positioning function,temporal positioning function,and abstract relation expression function of“zai”,it reveals the cognitive basis of its polysemy.The study finds that the semantic network of“zai”takes the spatial concept as the core,expanding to temporal and other abstract domains through metaphorical and metonymic mechanisms.The research adopts a combined method of cognitive grammar analysis,corpus analysis,and historical comparative method.Based on a large number of actual corpus data,it systematically investigates the synchronic distribution and diachronic evolution characteristics of“zai”.
文摘Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks often treat article usage through a dichotomy of“specific vs.non-specific reference”,yet struggle to effectively explain numerous marginal and unconventional linguistic phenomena,such as expressions like“go to the hospital”and“a Mr.Brown”.With the development of cognitive linguistics,language is viewed as an externalization of mental activity,and the intrinsic connection between linguistic structure and cognitive mechanisms has gained increasing attention.This paper,grounded in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theory,systematically analyzes the semantic construction process and cognitive motivations of English articles by integrating cognitive mechanisms such as figure-ground alignment,subjectivity,and mental spaces.By combining typical sentence examples,the paper reveals the deep cognitive structures underlying article usage from the dual perspectives of semantic representation and communicative function,aiming to provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for the grammatical teaching and cognitive research of English articles.
文摘Interpersonal function is one of the three metafunctions of language. This paper investigates the interpersonal meanings in Chinese cosmetic advertising discourse from mood, modality and appraise the three aspects. Based on an exploratory study of data of six typical Chinese cosmetic advertising discourses, the paper claims that the distribution of mood and modality has close link with the interpersonal meaning in advertising. The Functional Grammar and Appraisal System help to reveal the interpersonal meanings of the discourse concerned.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60571048,60673186,60736015)the National High Technology Researchand Development Program of China(863Program)(No.2007AA01Z178)
文摘Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of Hengyang Normal University of China(09A36)~~
文摘[Objective] To examine the grammar model based on lexical substring exac- tion for RNA secondary structure prediction. [Method] By introducing cloud model into stochastic grammar model, a machine learning algorithm suitable for the lexicalized stochastic grammar model was proposed. The word grid mode was used to extract and divide RNA sequence to acquire lexical substring, and the cloud classifier was used to search the maximum probability of each lemma which was marked as a certain sec- ondary structure type. Then, the lemma information was introduced into the training stochastic grammar process as prior information, realizing the prediction on the sec- ondary structure of RNA, and the method was tested by experiment. [Result] The experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy and searching speed of stochastic grammar cloud model were significantly improved from the prediction with simple stochastic grammar. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for the wide application of stochastic grammar model for RNA secondary structure prediction.
文摘Most of local feature descriptors assume that the scene is planar. In the real scene, the captured images come from the 3-D world. 3-D corner as a novel invariant feature is important for the image matching and the object detection, while automatically discriminating 3-D corners from ordinary corners is difficult. A novel method for 3-D corner detection is proposed based on the image graph grammar, and it can detect the 3-D features of corners to some extent. Experimental results show that the method is valid and the 3-D corner is useful for image matching.
文摘It has long been in dispute about whether explicit grammar teaching is more effective in second language learning or implicit grammar teaching is.However,there are more than one factor to take into consideration while discussing which way is better for L2 learners.This short essay aims at depicting three respects concerning grammar teaching,namely learning context,language learners'beliefs and needs,and grammar instruction.When educators and practitioners try to adopt grammar instruction either implicitly or explicitly in L2 learners'writing development,they probably need to consider the above three factors and to find out the best way to produce more effective teaching results among their students.
文摘Cognitive context of grammar refers to morpheme context,word or phrase context,syntax context,sentence context,semantic context of sentences,and discourse context.Cognitive context constraints the meaning of grammatical structure,and the grammatical structure depends on the cognitive context.
文摘To solve the ambiguous understanding of Grammar Teaching position,based on explicit grammatical knowledge,this paper discusses the grammar position in EFL,compares both its pros and cons between deductive and inductive approaches,and indicates that grammar teaching by either approach alone has disadvantages,should adopt a combination technique.
文摘This Paper mainly focuses on the Differences between American English and British English in Grammar. It discusses ten aspects of their differences with example(sthat is , differences in the use of certain verbs; differences in the use of articles; differences in the use of prepositions ;the use of subjunctive; tense differences ;the use of collective nouns ;the way of expressing dates; the treatment of a repeated subject after the indefinite pronoun"one"; response question; negative form of the first person.).
文摘As a term of cognitive psychology, image is closely related to grammar analysis. The present paper takes English as an example and through the analysis of parameters--basal body and side, selection, angle of view, degree of detail, prominence, which constitute different images, to demonstrate the relationship between image and English grammar analysis.
文摘The quality of language use is mainly evaluated at the levels of correctness,appropriateness and creativeness.Stylisticfeatures are manifested at the levels of appropriateness and creativeness.In traditional English grammar teaching,much effort isput on the correctness.Appropriateness is treated in part and creativeness is largely ignored.Isolated from concrete contexts,lin-guistic materials used for grammar teaching tend to be inefficient to ensure effective communication.The teaching of dry grammati-cal rules may lead to monotony and boredom in grammar learning.If the linguistic materials used in grammar teaching address cor-rectness,appropriateness and creativeness in language use simultaneously and are closer to life,grammar learning may be morefruitful.As literary texts are characterized by both the social discourses under multiple contexts and personal tastes,their styles arerich and lively.Therefore,to embed literary texts in English grammar teaching will not only create a more concrete,meaningful andinteresting context for the learning of grammatical rules but also be beneficial for the cultivation of stylistic awareness.
文摘The author adopts the research methods of presentations → contrasts → analyses by perceiving the drawbacks of traditional Chinese grammar teaching based on her overseas study experience as well as the understanding and study on the overseas related teaching methods, tries to use some new concepts and practice of foreign countries for reference, and works out the way to improve the traditional Chinese teaching methods.
文摘Of the many issues surrounding grammar, perhaps the hottest debate is whether to teach it or not. We review briefly arguments against and in support of grammar teaching before examining current grammar approaches in second language teaching.
文摘Grammar has been an important part of school teaching,language study and applying,and the word grammar has vari ous definitions.During the development of linguistics,lots of grammatical schools emerge,and different schools have different opinions on grammar.This article first of all presents some different definitions and theories of different grammatical schools.It then analyses some main grammatical theories of those schools.Finally,it airs the present writer’s view about the nature of gram mar by analyzing specifically the opinions of those different grammatical schools.
文摘According to the analysis, there are still many problems in our foreign language teaching. To improve students' English acquisition, foreign language teaching should follow the law of SLA based on the function of internalized grammar.
