Erratum to:Research Methods Used for Developing Academic Wordlists:A Systematic Review of Studies Published Between 2000 and 2020,Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics,Volume 48,Issue 3,2025,pp.425-450,doi:10.1515/CJ...Erratum to:Research Methods Used for Developing Academic Wordlists:A Systematic Review of Studies Published Between 2000 and 2020,Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics,Volume 48,Issue 3,2025,pp.425-450,doi:10.1515/CJAL-2025-0210.展开更多
The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of p...The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of possessing academic vocabulary knowledge for academic success.Recognizing this importance,it is crucial for researchers,teachers,and learners to understand the progress made in academic word lists.This systematic review first identifies,describes,appraises,and synthesizes the development of academic word lists from 2000 to 2020.It then examines the methods used by researchers in developing academic word lists among 56 studies that meet the pre-established criteria.The word lists were classified based on some criteria such as word counting units,corpora types/sizes,and exclusion criteria.Limitations,suggestions for further study,and implications are also discussed.Additionally,recommendations for future word list establishment are provided to help advance the field of word list development.展开更多
[Objective] The study was to explore the major factors affecting diary cattle brucellosis risk assessment,as well as their strong-to-weak sequence,so as to provide theoretical basis for assessing diary cattle brucello...[Objective] The study was to explore the major factors affecting diary cattle brucellosis risk assessment,as well as their strong-to-weak sequence,so as to provide theoretical basis for assessing diary cattle brucellosis risk level in different regions.[Method] From 4 dimensions of feeding and importing,breeding,housing and polyculture situation,an evaluation index system was set up,and diary cattle brucellosis risk survey was conducted in 3 typical regions.Finally,systematic multilevel grey relation entropy method was applied to perform data analysis.[Result] The strong-to-weak sequence of Level 1 impact factor of diary cattle brucellosis was as follows：feeding and importinghousingpolyculture situationbreeding;the sequence of Level 2 impact factor was U32〉U12〉U11〉U31〉U21〉U42〉U43〉U23〉U22〉U41;the risk level sequence of 3 typical regions was Province A（County A1,A2,A3）Province B（County B1,B2,B3）Province C（County C1,C2,C3）.[Conclusion] According to the weight of Level 1 index strata,administrative departments at all levels and dairy cattle farmers should lay emphasis on the aspects of feeding,importing and housing;viewed from the perspective of Level 2 index strata,dairy cattle farmers should value the siting of cattle field,the brucellosis surveillance before importing and milking modes most.According to the diary cattle brucellosis risk level of 3 typical regions,if administrative departments at all levels strengthen peoples＇ awareness of their personal health and increase investment in this area,with new healthy cultured atmosphere built,the risk level of diary cattle brucellosis will surly decline.展开更多
The obstacle for idea generation in fuzzy front end （FFE） is difficult to apply knowledge in different fields for designers. Theory of inventive problem solving TRIZ and computer-aided innovation systems （CAIs） wh...The obstacle for idea generation in fuzzy front end （FFE） is difficult to apply knowledge in different fields for designers. Theory of inventive problem solving TRIZ and computer-aided innovation systems （CAIs） which are TRIZ-base software systems with a knowledge base provide a framework for knowledge application in different fields. The major methods in TRIZ are selected, which have four types. The problems to be solved for each method are summarized and mapping from the problems to the methods is given. Systematic method with eight paths to integrate the methods and problems is formed. A case study shows the idea generation in FFE using the integrated method step by step.展开更多
A systematic safety analysis method is presented to guide the whole analysis process starting with safety analysis requirement and ending with technical and economical evaluation of the knowledge model and the arrange...A systematic safety analysis method is presented to guide the whole analysis process starting with safety analysis requirement and ending with technical and economical evaluation of the knowledge model and the arrangement of sensors. The method consists of five phases, including data acquisition on factual evidence and collecting design, manufacturing, and installation data of equipment; establishing knowledge model; measurable analysis and selection of sensors as well cost evaluation; knowledge description; and overall evaluation. The proposed method is used for safety analysis of hydraulic power generating units and the analysis results validate the method very well.展开更多
When the total least squares(TLS)solution is used to solve the parameters in the errors-in-variables(EIV)model,the obtained parameter estimations will be unreliable in the observations containing systematic errors.To ...When the total least squares(TLS)solution is used to solve the parameters in the errors-in-variables(EIV)model,the obtained parameter estimations will be unreliable in the observations containing systematic errors.To solve this problem,we propose to add the nonparametric part(systematic errors)to the partial EIV model,and build the partial EIV model to weaken the influence of systematic errors.Then,having rewritten the model as a nonlinear model,we derive the formula of parameter estimations based on the penalized total least squares criterion.Furthermore,based on the second-order approximation method of precision estimation,we derive the second-order bias and covariance of parameter estimations and calculate the mean square error(MSE).Aiming at the selection of the smoothing factor,we propose to use the U curve method.The experiments show that the proposed method can mitigate the influence of systematic errors to a certain extent compared with the traditional method and get more reliable parameter estimations and its precision information,which validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
In order to make a more effective use of the data from regional digital seismograph networks and to promote the study on shear wave splitting and its application to earthquake stress-forecasting, SAM software system, ...In order to make a more effective use of the data from regional digital seismograph networks and to promote the study on shear wave splitting and its application to earthquake stress-forecasting, SAM software system, i.e., the software on systematic analysis method of shear wave splitting has been developed. This paper introduces the design aims, system structure, function and characteristics about the SAM software system and shows some graphical interfaces of data input and result output. Lastly, it discusses preliminarily the study of shear wave splitting and its application to earthquake forecasting.展开更多
Background:The local pivotal method(LPM)utilizing auxiliary data in sample selection has recently been proposed as a sampling method for national forest inventories(NFIs).Its performance compared to simple random samp...Background:The local pivotal method(LPM)utilizing auxiliary data in sample selection has recently been proposed as a sampling method for national forest inventories(NFIs).Its performance compared to simple random sampling(SRS)and LPM with geographical coordinates has produced promising results in simulation studies.In this simulation study we compared all these sampling methods to systematic sampling.The LPM samples were selected solely using the coordinates(LPMxy)or,in addition to that,auxiliary remote sensing-based forest variables(RS variables).We utilized field measurement data(NFI-field)and Multi-Source NFI(MS-NFI)maps as target data,and independent MS-NFI maps as auxiliary data.The designs were compared using relative efficiency(RE);a ratio of mean squared errors of the reference sampling design against the studied design.Applying a method in NFI also requires a proven estimator for the variance.Therefore,three different variance estimators were evaluated against the empirical variance of replications:1)an estimator corresponding to SRS;2)a Grafström-Schelin estimator repurposed for LPM;and 3)a Matérn estimator applied in the Finnish NFI for systematic sampling design.Results:The LPMxy was nearly comparable with the systematic design for the most target variables.The REs of the LPM designs utilizing auxiliary data compared to the systematic design varied between 0.74–1.18,according to the studied target variable.The SRS estimator for variance was expectedly the most biased and conservative estimator.Similarly,the Grafström-Schelin estimator gave overestimates in the case of LPMxy.When the RS variables were utilized as auxiliary data,the Grafström-Schelin estimates tended to underestimate the empirical variance.In systematic sampling the Matérn and Grafström-Schelin estimators performed for practical purposes equally.Conclusions:LPM optimized for a specific variable tended to be more efficient than systematic sampling,but all of the considered LPM designs were less efficient than the systematic sampling design for some target variables.The Grafström-Schelin estimator could be used as such with LPMxy or instead of the Matérn estimator in systematic sampling.Further studies of the variance estimators are needed if other auxiliary variables are to be used in LPM.展开更多
The systematic method for constructing Lewis representations is a method for representing chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule. It uses symbols to represent the valence electrons of the atoms involved in the bon...The systematic method for constructing Lewis representations is a method for representing chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule. It uses symbols to represent the valence electrons of the atoms involved in the bond. Using a number of rules in a defined order, it is often better suited to complicated cases than the Lewis representation of atoms. This method allows us to determine the formal charge and oxidation number of each atom in the edifice more efficiently than other methods.展开更多
The cluster analysis method needs continuous improvement and perfection in the research and application of the spatial differentiation and change of pollutants.In this paper,the date of monthly highest concentration o...The cluster analysis method needs continuous improvement and perfection in the research and application of the spatial differentiation and change of pollutants.In this paper,the date of monthly highest concentration of ozone(O_(3))and the concentration value of that day were selected as the similarity coefficient between classes.Single-factor cluster analysis was performed on O_(3)during 2016-2019 and the COVID-19 outbreak of 2020 in Hunan Province using the Ward method.The clustering results showed that the spatial distribution of atmospheric O_(3)in the 14 regions of Hunan Province was most suitable to be classified according to class III clustering areas.That is,the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration was the center,and the high-value area was in northern Hunan.The transition area was in central and southern Hunan,while the low-value area was centered in western Hunan.The partition results were in good agreement with the homogeneous subset of one-way ANOVA and the distribution of monitoring values during the same period.The comparison showed that the inter-class plates in the two periods corresponded well,and the intra-class area showed a continuous geographical distribution,and there were dynamic changes in the spatial differentiation of the O_(3)plates in different periods.In 2020,the center of the O_(3)high-value area plate in Hunan Province moved eastward and extended southward,focusing on the middle and lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River basin,and extending to the upstream area;the regional plate in the transition area expanded significantly;the low-value area plate shrank to the two cities in western Hunan.The abnormal emissions and abnormal climate during the COVID-19 epidemic had an impact on the spatial differentiation of O_(3)in Hunan Province.展开更多
Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabili...Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabilities. To effectively detect and mitigate cyberattacks, both computerized and visual analyses are typically required. However, most security analysts are not adequately trained in visualization principles and/or methods, which is required for effective visual perception of useful attack information hidden in attack data. Additionally, Honeypot has proven useful in cyberattack research, but no studies have comprehensively investigated visualization practices in the field. In this paper, we reviewed visualization practices and methods commonly used in the discovery and communication of attack patterns based on Honeypot network traffic data. Using the PRISMA methodology, we identified and screened 218 papers and evaluated only 37 papers having a high impact. Most Honeypot papers conducted summary statistics of Honeypot data based on static data metrics such as IP address, port, and packet size. They visually analyzed Honeypot attack data using simple graphical methods (such as line, bar, and pie charts) that tend to hide useful attack information. Furthermore, only a few papers conducted extended attack analysis, and commonly visualized attack data using scatter and linear plots. Papers rarely included simple yet sophisticated graphical methods, such as box plots and histograms, which allow for critical evaluation of analysis results. While a significant number of automated visualization tools have incorporated visualization standards by default, the construction of effective and expressive graphical methods for easy pattern discovery and explainable insights still requires applied knowledge and skill of visualization principles and tools, and occasionally, an interdisciplinary collaboration with peers. We, therefore, suggest the need, going forward, for non-classical graphical methods for visualizing attack patterns and communicating analysis results. We also recommend training investigators in visualization principles and standards for effective visual perception and presentation.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in lab...A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory through collection soil samples of study site. Ten treatments of application different fertilizers were designed such as CK, optimum treatment (N, P, K, Zn), N(P, K, Zn), P(N, K, Zn), K(N, P, Zn), +Mg(N, P, K, Zn, Mg), Zn (N,P,K), +2P(N, 2P, K, Zn), +2K(N, P, 2K, Zn), and 2N+2P+2K(2N, 2P, 2K, Zn) for field experiment to test the effect on tree height, diameter (DBH) growth, and dry weight of poplar. The results showed that there was no significant difference in tree heights between treatments with different fertilizers, diameter growth of poplar trees in treatments of lack of N and Zn was significantly slower than that of trees in optimum treatment, and dry weight of poplar dropped significantly for treatment of CK as well as treatments without application N and Zn. It is concluded that N and Zn were main limiting factor for poplar growth. Results from laboratory analysis and field experiment were uniform per-fectly, which proved that SNSA was reliable in evaluating soil nutrient status of poplar plantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND For palliation of malignant biliary obstruction(MBO), the gold-standard method of biliary drainage is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)with the placement of metallic stents. Endoscopic ul...BACKGROUND For palliation of malignant biliary obstruction(MBO), the gold-standard method of biliary drainage is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)with the placement of metallic stents. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided drainage is an alternative that is typically reserved for cases of ERCP failure.Recently, however, there have been robust randomized clinical trials(RCTs)comparing EUS-guided drainage and ERCP as primary approaches to MBO.AIM To compare EUS guidance and ERCP in terms of their effectiveness and safety in palliative biliary drainage for MBO.METHODS This was a systematic review and meta-analysis, in which we searched the MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Only RCTs comparing EUS and ERCP for primary drainage of MBO were eligible. All of the studies selected provided data regarding the rates of technical and clinical success, as well as the duration of the procedure, adverse events, and stent patency. We assessed the risk of biases using the Jadad score and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation criteria.RESULTS The database searches yielded 5920 records, from which we selected 3 RCTs involving a total of 222 patients(112 submitted to EUS and 110 submitted to ERCP). In the EUS and ERCP groups, the rate of technical success was 91.96%n and 91.81%, respectively, with a risk difference(RD) of 0.00%(95%CI:-0.07, 0.07;P = 0.97; I^2 = 0%). The clinical success was 84.81% and 85.53% in the EUS and ERCP groups, respectively, with an RD of-0.01%(95%CI:-0.12, 0.10; P = 0.90; I^2 =0%). The mean difference(MD) for the duration of the procedure was-0.12%(95%CI:-8.20, 7.97; P = 0.98; I^2 = 84%). In the EUS and ERCP groups, there were14 and 25 adverse events, respectively, with an RD of-0.06%(95%CI:-0.23, 0.12; P= 0.54; I^2 = 77%). The MD for stent patency was 9.32%(95%CI:-4.53, 23.18; P =0.19; I^2 = 44%). The stent dysfunction rate was significantly lower in the EUS t group(MD =-0.22%; 95 CI:-0.35,-0.08; P = 0.001; I^2 = 0%).CONCLUSION EUS represents an interesting alternative to ERCP for MBO drainage,demonstrating lower stent dysfunction rates compared with ERCP. Technical and clinical success, duration, adverse events and patency rates were similar.展开更多
Based on sixteen nullor-mirror models of the voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) and port admittance matrices of the tow-Thomas (T-T) filter with orthogonal control between the characteristic freque...Based on sixteen nullor-mirror models of the voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) and port admittance matrices of the tow-Thomas (T-T) filter with orthogonal control between the characteristic frequency(f_0) and figure of merit (Q),two different categories of the voltage-mode and transconductance-mode T-T filters are synthesized by the means of the nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion method.The category A filter that employs two compressive VDTAs and two grounded capacitors includes four structures,and the category B filter that uses two compressive VDTAs,two grounded capacitors,and one grounded resistor,also includes four structures.These circuits are suitable for integrated circuit manufacture,and their parameters f_0 and Q can be orthogonally adjusted with varying the bias currents of VDTAs.After the paper and pencil test is completed,the computer analyses,including alternating current (AC),parameter sweep,Monte Carlo (MC),and noise analyses,are performed to support the synthesis approach.展开更多
The number of systematic reviews is gradually increas-ing over time. Also, the methods to perform a systematic review are being improved. However, little attention has been paid for the issue regarding how to fnd dupl...The number of systematic reviews is gradually increas-ing over time. Also, the methods to perform a systematic review are being improved. However, little attention has been paid for the issue regarding how to fnd duplicates in systematic reviews. On the basis of the survey and systematic reviews by our team and others, we review the prevalence, significance and classification of duplicates and the method to fnd duplicates in a systematic review. Notably, although a preliminary method to fnd duplicates is established, its usefulness and convenience need to be further confrmed.展开更多
Background: Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) represents a public health problem in many part of the world. The use of new technologies is leading to increased treatment costs, resulting in a substantial economic impact w...Background: Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) represents a public health problem in many part of the world. The use of new technologies is leading to increased treatment costs, resulting in a substantial economic impact worldwide. Standardization of economic evaluation methods is needed to improve comparisons between jurisdictions. Objective: To identify the methods used to measure the cost of treating invasive UCC, and to search for correlations between cancer treatment expenditures and local economies. Methods: We searched articles in MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO with no language restrictions, and included publications from January 01, 2007 to December 31, 2016. Studies were included if they described the annual direct cost of invasive cervical cancer and detailed the costing method. Complete economic evaluations were excluded. Results were described in 2016 international dollars. Results: Of 1581 studies initially reviewed, 13 articles were included in the analysis. Six articles used a bottom-up;six used a top-down approach and one used both. Annual cost per patient varied from I$ 2146.22 (Poland) to 34,351.54 (Sweden). Middle-income countries (MIC) spent median 72.52% of its GDP per capita on the treatment of invasive cervical cancer, while high-income countries (HIC) spent median 30.12% (p = 0.032). No significant difference was found when separated by costing method. Conclusions: We found that, for the treatment costs of invasive UCC, the percentages of GDP per capita were statistically higher in MIC than in HIC. However, no significant difference was found between costing methods, and the top-down approach could be used.展开更多
Urban and peri-urban ecosystems are subjected to an intense impact.The demand for ecosystem services(ES)is higher in these areas.Nevertheless,despite the anthropogenic pressures,urban and peri-urban ecosystems supply ...Urban and peri-urban ecosystems are subjected to an intense impact.The demand for ecosystem services(ES)is higher in these areas.Nevertheless,despite the anthropogenic pressures,urban and peri-urban ecosystems supply important ES.Mapping is a crucial exercise to understand ES dynamics in these environments better.This work aims to systematically review mapping ES in urban and peri-urban areas studies,following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.A total of 207 studies were selected.The results show increased work between 2011 and 2023,mainly conducted in Europe and China.Most work were developed in urban areas and did not follow an established ES classification.Most studies focused on the ES supply dimension,the regulation and maintenance section.Regarding provisioning ES,most studies focused on Cultivating terrestrial plants for nutrition,regulating and maintainin g Atmospheric composition and conditions,and for cultural ES on Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment.Quantitative methods were mostly applied following Indicator-based(secondary data:biophysical,socio-economic)models.Very few work validated the outputs.Several studies forecasted ES,primarily based on land use changes using CA-Markov approaches.This study provides an overview of the most mapped urban and peri-urban ES globally,the areas where more studies need to be conducted,and the methods developed.展开更多
Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of...Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method for treating acute ischemic stroke.DATA SOURCES： We retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials involving Xingnao Kaiqia...OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method for treating acute ischemic stroke.DATA SOURCES： We retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials involving Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu Information Resources System, Wanfang Medical Data System, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Cochrane Library, and Pub Med were searched from June 2006 to March 2016.DATA SELECTION： We analyzed randomized and semi-randomized clinical controlled trials that compared Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture with various control treatments, such as conventional drugs or other acupuncture therapies, for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The quality of articles was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions（Version 5.1）, and the study was carried out using Cochrane system assessment methods. Rev Man 5.2 was used for the meta-analysis of the included studies.OUTCOME MEASURES： The mortality rate, disability rate, activities of daily living（Barthel Index）, and clinical efficacy were observed.RESULTS： Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The meta-analysis showed that between Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture and the control treatment, Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture reduced the disability rate [risk ratio（RR） = 0.51, 95% confidence interval（CI） = 0.27-0.98, z = 2.03, P 〈 0.05], elevated the activities of daily living（weighted mean difference = 12.23, 95% CI： 3.66-20.08, z = 2.80, P 〈 0.005）, and had greater clinical efficacy（RR = 1.61, 95% CI： 1.23-2.09, z = 3.53, P 〈 0.0004）. However, there was no significant difference in mortality rate（RR = 0.61, 95% CI： 0.15-2.45, z = 0.70, P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method is effective and safe for acute ischemic stroke. However, there was selective bias in this study, and the likelihood of measurement bias is high. Thus, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to provide reliable evidence of the efficacy and safety of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.展开更多
文摘Erratum to:Research Methods Used for Developing Academic Wordlists:A Systematic Review of Studies Published Between 2000 and 2020,Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics,Volume 48,Issue 3,2025,pp.425-450,doi:10.1515/CJAL-2025-0210.
文摘The learning of English academic vocabulary has been the focus of numerous studies from the time Coxhead(2000)developed the academic word list to the present day.Various researchers have emphasized the importance of possessing academic vocabulary knowledge for academic success.Recognizing this importance,it is crucial for researchers,teachers,and learners to understand the progress made in academic word lists.This systematic review first identifies,describes,appraises,and synthesizes the development of academic word lists from 2000 to 2020.It then examines the methods used by researchers in developing academic word lists among 56 studies that meet the pre-established criteria.The word lists were classified based on some criteria such as word counting units,corpora types/sizes,and exclusion criteria.Limitations,suggestions for further study,and implications are also discussed.Additionally,recommendations for future word list establishment are provided to help advance the field of word list development.
基金Supported by Special Research Fund for Public Sector(Agriculture)(200903055)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was to explore the major factors affecting diary cattle brucellosis risk assessment,as well as their strong-to-weak sequence,so as to provide theoretical basis for assessing diary cattle brucellosis risk level in different regions.[Method] From 4 dimensions of feeding and importing,breeding,housing and polyculture situation,an evaluation index system was set up,and diary cattle brucellosis risk survey was conducted in 3 typical regions.Finally,systematic multilevel grey relation entropy method was applied to perform data analysis.[Result] The strong-to-weak sequence of Level 1 impact factor of diary cattle brucellosis was as follows：feeding and importinghousingpolyculture situationbreeding;the sequence of Level 2 impact factor was U32〉U12〉U11〉U31〉U21〉U42〉U43〉U23〉U22〉U41;the risk level sequence of 3 typical regions was Province A（County A1,A2,A3）Province B（County B1,B2,B3）Province C（County C1,C2,C3）.[Conclusion] According to the weight of Level 1 index strata,administrative departments at all levels and dairy cattle farmers should lay emphasis on the aspects of feeding,importing and housing;viewed from the perspective of Level 2 index strata,dairy cattle farmers should value the siting of cattle field,the brucellosis surveillance before importing and milking modes most.According to the diary cattle brucellosis risk level of 3 typical regions,if administrative departments at all levels strengthen peoples＇ awareness of their personal health and increase investment in this area,with new healthy cultured atmosphere built,the risk level of diary cattle brucellosis will surly decline.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50675059)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,No.2006AA04Z109)
文摘The obstacle for idea generation in fuzzy front end （FFE） is difficult to apply knowledge in different fields for designers. Theory of inventive problem solving TRIZ and computer-aided innovation systems （CAIs） which are TRIZ-base software systems with a knowledge base provide a framework for knowledge application in different fields. The major methods in TRIZ are selected, which have four types. The problems to be solved for each method are summarized and mapping from the problems to the methods is given. Systematic method with eight paths to integrate the methods and problems is formed. A case study shows the idea generation in FFE using the integrated method step by step.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51175284)the Science and Technology Program of Education Committee of Beijing Municipality(No.SQKM201211232002)
文摘A systematic safety analysis method is presented to guide the whole analysis process starting with safety analysis requirement and ending with technical and economical evaluation of the knowledge model and the arrangement of sensors. The method consists of five phases, including data acquisition on factual evidence and collecting design, manufacturing, and installation data of equipment; establishing knowledge model; measurable analysis and selection of sensors as well cost evaluation; knowledge description; and overall evaluation. The proposed method is used for safety analysis of hydraulic power generating units and the analysis results validate the method very well.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.41874001 and 41664001Support Program for Outstanding Youth Talents in Jiangxi Province,No.20162BCB23050National Key Research and Development Program,No.2016YFB0501405。
文摘When the total least squares(TLS)solution is used to solve the parameters in the errors-in-variables(EIV)model,the obtained parameter estimations will be unreliable in the observations containing systematic errors.To solve this problem,we propose to add the nonparametric part(systematic errors)to the partial EIV model,and build the partial EIV model to weaken the influence of systematic errors.Then,having rewritten the model as a nonlinear model,we derive the formula of parameter estimations based on the penalized total least squares criterion.Furthermore,based on the second-order approximation method of precision estimation,we derive the second-order bias and covariance of parameter estimations and calculate the mean square error(MSE).Aiming at the selection of the smoothing factor,we propose to use the U curve method.The experiments show that the proposed method can mitigate the influence of systematic errors to a certain extent compared with the traditional method and get more reliable parameter estimations and its precision information,which validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘In order to make a more effective use of the data from regional digital seismograph networks and to promote the study on shear wave splitting and its application to earthquake stress-forecasting, SAM software system, i.e., the software on systematic analysis method of shear wave splitting has been developed. This paper introduces the design aims, system structure, function and characteristics about the SAM software system and shows some graphical interfaces of data input and result output. Lastly, it discusses preliminarily the study of shear wave splitting and its application to earthquake forecasting.
基金the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry key project“Puuta liikkeelle ja uusia tuotteita metsästä”(“Wood on the move and new products from forest”)Academy of Finland(project numbers 295100 , 306875).
文摘Background:The local pivotal method(LPM)utilizing auxiliary data in sample selection has recently been proposed as a sampling method for national forest inventories(NFIs).Its performance compared to simple random sampling(SRS)and LPM with geographical coordinates has produced promising results in simulation studies.In this simulation study we compared all these sampling methods to systematic sampling.The LPM samples were selected solely using the coordinates(LPMxy)or,in addition to that,auxiliary remote sensing-based forest variables(RS variables).We utilized field measurement data(NFI-field)and Multi-Source NFI(MS-NFI)maps as target data,and independent MS-NFI maps as auxiliary data.The designs were compared using relative efficiency(RE);a ratio of mean squared errors of the reference sampling design against the studied design.Applying a method in NFI also requires a proven estimator for the variance.Therefore,three different variance estimators were evaluated against the empirical variance of replications:1)an estimator corresponding to SRS;2)a Grafström-Schelin estimator repurposed for LPM;and 3)a Matérn estimator applied in the Finnish NFI for systematic sampling design.Results:The LPMxy was nearly comparable with the systematic design for the most target variables.The REs of the LPM designs utilizing auxiliary data compared to the systematic design varied between 0.74–1.18,according to the studied target variable.The SRS estimator for variance was expectedly the most biased and conservative estimator.Similarly,the Grafström-Schelin estimator gave overestimates in the case of LPMxy.When the RS variables were utilized as auxiliary data,the Grafström-Schelin estimates tended to underestimate the empirical variance.In systematic sampling the Matérn and Grafström-Schelin estimators performed for practical purposes equally.Conclusions:LPM optimized for a specific variable tended to be more efficient than systematic sampling,but all of the considered LPM designs were less efficient than the systematic sampling design for some target variables.The Grafström-Schelin estimator could be used as such with LPMxy or instead of the Matérn estimator in systematic sampling.Further studies of the variance estimators are needed if other auxiliary variables are to be used in LPM.
文摘The systematic method for constructing Lewis representations is a method for representing chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule. It uses symbols to represent the valence electrons of the atoms involved in the bond. Using a number of rules in a defined order, it is often better suited to complicated cases than the Lewis representation of atoms. This method allows us to determine the formal charge and oxidation number of each atom in the edifice more efficiently than other methods.
文摘The cluster analysis method needs continuous improvement and perfection in the research and application of the spatial differentiation and change of pollutants.In this paper,the date of monthly highest concentration of ozone(O_(3))and the concentration value of that day were selected as the similarity coefficient between classes.Single-factor cluster analysis was performed on O_(3)during 2016-2019 and the COVID-19 outbreak of 2020 in Hunan Province using the Ward method.The clustering results showed that the spatial distribution of atmospheric O_(3)in the 14 regions of Hunan Province was most suitable to be classified according to class III clustering areas.That is,the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration was the center,and the high-value area was in northern Hunan.The transition area was in central and southern Hunan,while the low-value area was centered in western Hunan.The partition results were in good agreement with the homogeneous subset of one-way ANOVA and the distribution of monitoring values during the same period.The comparison showed that the inter-class plates in the two periods corresponded well,and the intra-class area showed a continuous geographical distribution,and there were dynamic changes in the spatial differentiation of the O_(3)plates in different periods.In 2020,the center of the O_(3)high-value area plate in Hunan Province moved eastward and extended southward,focusing on the middle and lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River basin,and extending to the upstream area;the regional plate in the transition area expanded significantly;the low-value area plate shrank to the two cities in western Hunan.The abnormal emissions and abnormal climate during the COVID-19 epidemic had an impact on the spatial differentiation of O_(3)in Hunan Province.
文摘Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabilities. To effectively detect and mitigate cyberattacks, both computerized and visual analyses are typically required. However, most security analysts are not adequately trained in visualization principles and/or methods, which is required for effective visual perception of useful attack information hidden in attack data. Additionally, Honeypot has proven useful in cyberattack research, but no studies have comprehensively investigated visualization practices in the field. In this paper, we reviewed visualization practices and methods commonly used in the discovery and communication of attack patterns based on Honeypot network traffic data. Using the PRISMA methodology, we identified and screened 218 papers and evaluated only 37 papers having a high impact. Most Honeypot papers conducted summary statistics of Honeypot data based on static data metrics such as IP address, port, and packet size. They visually analyzed Honeypot attack data using simple graphical methods (such as line, bar, and pie charts) that tend to hide useful attack information. Furthermore, only a few papers conducted extended attack analysis, and commonly visualized attack data using scatter and linear plots. Papers rarely included simple yet sophisticated graphical methods, such as box plots and histograms, which allow for critical evaluation of analysis results. While a significant number of automated visualization tools have incorporated visualization standards by default, the construction of effective and expressive graphical methods for easy pattern discovery and explainable insights still requires applied knowledge and skill of visualization principles and tools, and occasionally, an interdisciplinary collaboration with peers. We, therefore, suggest the need, going forward, for non-classical graphical methods for visualizing attack patterns and communicating analysis results. We also recommend training investigators in visualization principles and standards for effective visual perception and presentation.
基金The study was supported by PPI/PPIC China Program (No. HB-19) and Wetland Laboratory Opening Foundation of Hubei Province (No. HNKFJ20021301).
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory through collection soil samples of study site. Ten treatments of application different fertilizers were designed such as CK, optimum treatment (N, P, K, Zn), N(P, K, Zn), P(N, K, Zn), K(N, P, Zn), +Mg(N, P, K, Zn, Mg), Zn (N,P,K), +2P(N, 2P, K, Zn), +2K(N, P, 2K, Zn), and 2N+2P+2K(2N, 2P, 2K, Zn) for field experiment to test the effect on tree height, diameter (DBH) growth, and dry weight of poplar. The results showed that there was no significant difference in tree heights between treatments with different fertilizers, diameter growth of poplar trees in treatments of lack of N and Zn was significantly slower than that of trees in optimum treatment, and dry weight of poplar dropped significantly for treatment of CK as well as treatments without application N and Zn. It is concluded that N and Zn were main limiting factor for poplar growth. Results from laboratory analysis and field experiment were uniform per-fectly, which proved that SNSA was reliable in evaluating soil nutrient status of poplar plantation.
文摘BACKGROUND For palliation of malignant biliary obstruction(MBO), the gold-standard method of biliary drainage is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)with the placement of metallic stents. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided drainage is an alternative that is typically reserved for cases of ERCP failure.Recently, however, there have been robust randomized clinical trials(RCTs)comparing EUS-guided drainage and ERCP as primary approaches to MBO.AIM To compare EUS guidance and ERCP in terms of their effectiveness and safety in palliative biliary drainage for MBO.METHODS This was a systematic review and meta-analysis, in which we searched the MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Only RCTs comparing EUS and ERCP for primary drainage of MBO were eligible. All of the studies selected provided data regarding the rates of technical and clinical success, as well as the duration of the procedure, adverse events, and stent patency. We assessed the risk of biases using the Jadad score and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation criteria.RESULTS The database searches yielded 5920 records, from which we selected 3 RCTs involving a total of 222 patients(112 submitted to EUS and 110 submitted to ERCP). In the EUS and ERCP groups, the rate of technical success was 91.96%n and 91.81%, respectively, with a risk difference(RD) of 0.00%(95%CI:-0.07, 0.07;P = 0.97; I^2 = 0%). The clinical success was 84.81% and 85.53% in the EUS and ERCP groups, respectively, with an RD of-0.01%(95%CI:-0.12, 0.10; P = 0.90; I^2 =0%). The mean difference(MD) for the duration of the procedure was-0.12%(95%CI:-8.20, 7.97; P = 0.98; I^2 = 84%). In the EUS and ERCP groups, there were14 and 25 adverse events, respectively, with an RD of-0.06%(95%CI:-0.23, 0.12; P= 0.54; I^2 = 77%). The MD for stent patency was 9.32%(95%CI:-4.53, 23.18; P =0.19; I^2 = 44%). The stent dysfunction rate was significantly lower in the EUS t group(MD =-0.22%; 95 CI:-0.35,-0.08; P = 0.001; I^2 = 0%).CONCLUSION EUS represents an interesting alternative to ERCP for MBO drainage,demonstrating lower stent dysfunction rates compared with ERCP. Technical and clinical success, duration, adverse events and patency rates were similar.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China under Grant No. 2017JM6087。
文摘Based on sixteen nullor-mirror models of the voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) and port admittance matrices of the tow-Thomas (T-T) filter with orthogonal control between the characteristic frequency(f_0) and figure of merit (Q),two different categories of the voltage-mode and transconductance-mode T-T filters are synthesized by the means of the nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion method.The category A filter that employs two compressive VDTAs and two grounded capacitors includes four structures,and the category B filter that uses two compressive VDTAs,two grounded capacitors,and one grounded resistor,also includes four structures.These circuits are suitable for integrated circuit manufacture,and their parameters f_0 and Q can be orthogonally adjusted with varying the bias currents of VDTAs.After the paper and pencil test is completed,the computer analyses,including alternating current (AC),parameter sweep,Monte Carlo (MC),and noise analyses,are performed to support the synthesis approach.
文摘The number of systematic reviews is gradually increas-ing over time. Also, the methods to perform a systematic review are being improved. However, little attention has been paid for the issue regarding how to fnd duplicates in systematic reviews. On the basis of the survey and systematic reviews by our team and others, we review the prevalence, significance and classification of duplicates and the method to fnd duplicates in a systematic review. Notably, although a preliminary method to fnd duplicates is established, its usefulness and convenience need to be further confrmed.
文摘Background: Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) represents a public health problem in many part of the world. The use of new technologies is leading to increased treatment costs, resulting in a substantial economic impact worldwide. Standardization of economic evaluation methods is needed to improve comparisons between jurisdictions. Objective: To identify the methods used to measure the cost of treating invasive UCC, and to search for correlations between cancer treatment expenditures and local economies. Methods: We searched articles in MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO with no language restrictions, and included publications from January 01, 2007 to December 31, 2016. Studies were included if they described the annual direct cost of invasive cervical cancer and detailed the costing method. Complete economic evaluations were excluded. Results were described in 2016 international dollars. Results: Of 1581 studies initially reviewed, 13 articles were included in the analysis. Six articles used a bottom-up;six used a top-down approach and one used both. Annual cost per patient varied from I$ 2146.22 (Poland) to 34,351.54 (Sweden). Middle-income countries (MIC) spent median 72.52% of its GDP per capita on the treatment of invasive cervical cancer, while high-income countries (HIC) spent median 30.12% (p = 0.032). No significant difference was found when separated by costing method. Conclusions: We found that, for the treatment costs of invasive UCC, the percentages of GDP per capita were statistically higher in MIC than in HIC. However, no significant difference was found between costing methods, and the top-down approach could be used.
基金supported by the project MApping and Forecasting Ecosystem Services in Urban Areas(MAFESUR)funded by the Lithuanian Research Council(Contract:Nr.P-MIP-23-426).
文摘Urban and peri-urban ecosystems are subjected to an intense impact.The demand for ecosystem services(ES)is higher in these areas.Nevertheless,despite the anthropogenic pressures,urban and peri-urban ecosystems supply important ES.Mapping is a crucial exercise to understand ES dynamics in these environments better.This work aims to systematically review mapping ES in urban and peri-urban areas studies,following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.A total of 207 studies were selected.The results show increased work between 2011 and 2023,mainly conducted in Europe and China.Most work were developed in urban areas and did not follow an established ES classification.Most studies focused on the ES supply dimension,the regulation and maintenance section.Regarding provisioning ES,most studies focused on Cultivating terrestrial plants for nutrition,regulating and maintainin g Atmospheric composition and conditions,and for cultural ES on Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment.Quantitative methods were mostly applied following Indicator-based(secondary data:biophysical,socio-economic)models.Very few work validated the outputs.Several studies forecasted ES,primarily based on land use changes using CA-Markov approaches.This study provides an overview of the most mapped urban and peri-urban ES globally,the areas where more studies need to be conducted,and the methods developed.
基金supported by the Fuxing Nursing Research Foundation of Fudan University[FNF202352].
文摘Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.
基金supported by the Support Program(Ⅱ)of Hundreds of Universities Outstanding Innovative Talents in Hebei Province of China,No.BR2-104
文摘OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method for treating acute ischemic stroke.DATA SOURCES： We retrieved relevant randomized controlled trials involving Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu Information Resources System, Wanfang Medical Data System, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Cochrane Library, and Pub Med were searched from June 2006 to March 2016.DATA SELECTION： We analyzed randomized and semi-randomized clinical controlled trials that compared Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture with various control treatments, such as conventional drugs or other acupuncture therapies, for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The quality of articles was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions（Version 5.1）, and the study was carried out using Cochrane system assessment methods. Rev Man 5.2 was used for the meta-analysis of the included studies.OUTCOME MEASURES： The mortality rate, disability rate, activities of daily living（Barthel Index）, and clinical efficacy were observed.RESULTS： Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The meta-analysis showed that between Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture and the control treatment, Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture reduced the disability rate [risk ratio（RR） = 0.51, 95% confidence interval（CI） = 0.27-0.98, z = 2.03, P 〈 0.05], elevated the activities of daily living（weighted mean difference = 12.23, 95% CI： 3.66-20.08, z = 2.80, P 〈 0.005）, and had greater clinical efficacy（RR = 1.61, 95% CI： 1.23-2.09, z = 3.53, P 〈 0.0004）. However, there was no significant difference in mortality rate（RR = 0.61, 95% CI： 0.15-2.45, z = 0.70, P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method is effective and safe for acute ischemic stroke. However, there was selective bias in this study, and the likelihood of measurement bias is high. Thus, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to provide reliable evidence of the efficacy and safety of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
