The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)offers significant potential for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle while simultaneously enabling the storage of intermittent sustainable energy.The synthesis...The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)offers significant potential for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle while simultaneously enabling the storage of intermittent sustainable energy.The synthesis of C_(3+)products from eCO_(2)RR is particularly appealing due to their higher commercial value compared to C_(1) or C_(2) compounds,and their crucial roles as high-energy-density fuels or feedstocks for a wide range of industrial applications.This encourages us to summarize recent notable progress in enhancing C_(3+)production.This review starts from the formation pathways of C_(3+)products by delving into key intermediates and ^(*)C–^(*)C coupling reactions for mechanistic investigations.Subsequently,we discuss the representative eCO_(2)RR electrocatalysts for C_(3+)synthesis,including Cu and non-Cu catalysts,highlighting typical design strategies for markedly promoting the catalytic performance or expanding the range of products.Additionally,we also emphasize system upgrading strategies,covering manipulation of electrolysis conditions,microenvironment regulation,and cascade catalysis,for facilitating C_(3+)production.We finally end with future directions in this rapidly advancing field.By elucidating the formation mechanisms,catalyst design principles,and system upgrading strategies,this review is expected to draw significant attention to C_(3+)products and stimulate further research into developing advanced catalytic systems for their efficient synthesis.展开更多
Digital technology is profoundly shaping the Chinese governance paradigm.This study presents a multilayered theoretical model comprising the"tool empowerment layer-organizational change layer-system upgrading lay...Digital technology is profoundly shaping the Chinese governance paradigm.This study presents a multilayered theoretical model comprising the"tool empowerment layer-organizational change layer-system upgrading layer"to elucidate the impacts and underlying logic of digital technology in reshaping this governance paradigm,showing that it is undergoing spiral advancement and incremental optimization.Central-local relations show a transition from"top-down decentralization"to"unified integration";the intergovernmental structural paradigm shows a transition from"congruent responsibilities"to"integrated collaboration";risk governance shows a transition from"reactive response"to"proactive prevention";interface communication shows a transition from"vague delay"to"agile governance";and finally,resource allocation shows a transition from"unidirectional allocation"to"bidirectional coupling."These transitions underscore three key logics:technological tool empowerment,organizational adaptive learning,and systemic evolution.The integration of digital technology into government governance is not only reshaping state-society relations but also promoting a dynamic,interconnected,and adaptable governance ecosystem,facilitating harmonious progress between the state and society.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174067,22204078,22102052,and 22374077)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20220370)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education(22KJB150009)the Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(TJ-2023-076)。
文摘The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)offers significant potential for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle while simultaneously enabling the storage of intermittent sustainable energy.The synthesis of C_(3+)products from eCO_(2)RR is particularly appealing due to their higher commercial value compared to C_(1) or C_(2) compounds,and their crucial roles as high-energy-density fuels or feedstocks for a wide range of industrial applications.This encourages us to summarize recent notable progress in enhancing C_(3+)production.This review starts from the formation pathways of C_(3+)products by delving into key intermediates and ^(*)C–^(*)C coupling reactions for mechanistic investigations.Subsequently,we discuss the representative eCO_(2)RR electrocatalysts for C_(3+)synthesis,including Cu and non-Cu catalysts,highlighting typical design strategies for markedly promoting the catalytic performance or expanding the range of products.Additionally,we also emphasize system upgrading strategies,covering manipulation of electrolysis conditions,microenvironment regulation,and cascade catalysis,for facilitating C_(3+)production.We finally end with future directions in this rapidly advancing field.By elucidating the formation mechanisms,catalyst design principles,and system upgrading strategies,this review is expected to draw significant attention to C_(3+)products and stimulate further research into developing advanced catalytic systems for their efficient synthesis.
基金supported by the project"Research on Urban Governance against the Background of Major Public Health Emergencies"(No.21JZD037),a major research project of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education.
文摘Digital technology is profoundly shaping the Chinese governance paradigm.This study presents a multilayered theoretical model comprising the"tool empowerment layer-organizational change layer-system upgrading layer"to elucidate the impacts and underlying logic of digital technology in reshaping this governance paradigm,showing that it is undergoing spiral advancement and incremental optimization.Central-local relations show a transition from"top-down decentralization"to"unified integration";the intergovernmental structural paradigm shows a transition from"congruent responsibilities"to"integrated collaboration";risk governance shows a transition from"reactive response"to"proactive prevention";interface communication shows a transition from"vague delay"to"agile governance";and finally,resource allocation shows a transition from"unidirectional allocation"to"bidirectional coupling."These transitions underscore three key logics:technological tool empowerment,organizational adaptive learning,and systemic evolution.The integration of digital technology into government governance is not only reshaping state-society relations but also promoting a dynamic,interconnected,and adaptable governance ecosystem,facilitating harmonious progress between the state and society.
